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EditorialIntelligent Control in Discrete Time for Autonomous
Systems
Chenguang Yang,1 Bin Xu,2 Hongbin Ma,3 Deqing Huang,4 and Jing
Na5
1Zienkiewicz Centre for Computational Engineering, Swansea
University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK2School of Automation, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China3School of Automation,
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China4School of
Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu
610031, China5Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK
Correspondence should be addressed to Chenguang Yang;
[email protected]
Received 17 May 2016; Accepted 17 May 2016
Copyright © 2016 Chenguang Yang et al. This is an open access
article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properlycited.
The application of automatic systems is playing an increas-ingly
important role in ourmodern society. Controllers as thesoul of the
autonomous systems are typically implementedby digital computers
nowadays. In digital implementation,measurements are made and
control actions are taken atdiscrete-time instants. In addition to
digitalization, intelli-gence is another trend for modern control
design, becausethe next generation of autonomous systems are
required toperform tasks with smart and flexible strategic
decisions. Inthis special issue, we bring together a number of
works underthe topic of autonomous discrete-time systems with
intelli-gent controller. The contributors have investigated
variousapplications of a wide range of autonomous systems, suchas
hypersonic missiles, robots, and underwater devices, andhave also
performed fundamental theoretical studies.
In the field of robotics, P. Liang et al. proposed an aug-mented
approach for robot to understand human motionbehaviours based on
human kinematics and human posturalimpedance adaptation. A geometry
vector approach wasemployed to extract human arm pose for stiffness
transfor-mation from Cartesian space to joint space. In another
work,P. Liang et al. studied human limb stiffness estimation
basedon muscle electromyography (EMG) signals and applied
theextracted limb stiffness onto control of a robot arm.
Effec-tiveness has been tested and verified through
disturbancerejection experiment. G.Huo et al. presented a
PWMN-basedscan matching approach for robot posture estimation,
andit results in a faster convergence rate and shorter runtime
with large moving steps and performs better for
differentfootprints series, in comparison to PSM and Mb-ICP.
The problem of guidance and control of missile systemshas
attracted a large number of researchers in control andautomation
communities for decades. In this special issue,R. Sun and C. Ming
presented a novel coning motion basedguidance method for the
missile’s velocity control system.They used nonlinear programming
method to present veloc-ity profile and applied the dynamic
inversion theory todesign the velocity control system parameters.
W. Fu et al.applied the slidingmode control (SMC)method and
adaptiveneural network (NN) technique to design controller
forhypersonic missile. The flight path angle was used as
theguidance command and the NN is used to approximate
theuncertainty. Y. H. Fan et al. used discrete variable
structurecontrol (DVSC) with sliding vector to solve the
controlproblem in the velocity and acceleration command trackingfor
a hypersonic cruise missile where the unknown dynamicsand parameter
disturbance were considered to improve thetracking performance.
Underwater vehicles and devices are playing importantroles in
deep sea exploration. Z. Mao and S. Yan focused onthe problem of
heat dissipation characteristics of the lithiumbattery inside
autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs).Based on the energy
conservation equation, they have devel-oped a model for the heat
transfer process to analyse itscharacteristics. Y. Gou andW. Qi
studied the positioning andtracking of underwatermoving target by
double-station array
Hindawi Publishing CorporationDiscrete Dynamics in Nature and
SocietyVolume 2016, Article ID 6489715, 2
pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6489715
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2 Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society
buoy, and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) theory was usedto
analyse the performance of the experiments. Y. Yu et al.made an
effort to solve the control packets collision problemthat exists
widely inmultichannelMACprotocol underwater,and soft time frequency
masking was used to deal with thecontrol packets collision. D. Teng
andN. Zhu investigated theimprovement of the performance of
underwater transducerin its operating frequency, bandwidth, and
miniaturization.They have developed a novel hybrid transducer based
on thetheory of coupled multimode vibrations and the method
ofFEM.
Various other applications have been reported in thisspecial
issue. L. Yu et al. proposed a faster and efficientlearning scheme
which originates from the thoughts of socialorganization, and the
idea was formulated as methods forhypersonic flight control. Z. Mao
et al. studied the powergeneration control system for a new
drag-type vertical axisturbine with several retractable blades. L.
Zhang and Y.Lyu presented distributed consensus filtering for a
classof large-scale distributed systems with unknown
boundaryconditions. L. Song et al. adopted the𝐻∞ filter in the
transferalignment (TA) scheme, which was then used for the
initialalignment of Inertial Navigation System (INS) on
dynamicalbase. Q. Huang et al. simulated the wettability of
hydrophobicsurfaces and the dynamic behaviours of droplets
impactingthe hydrophobic surfaces.
The practical applications of automatic systems designedin
discrete time are underpinned by the theoretical advancesin the
relevant topics. In this special issue, Y. Jiang et al.presented a
thorough literature review on neural networksand fuzzy logic based
control design technique developed indiscrete time and their
applications. B. Wu et al. worked onthe control problem of the
uncertain discrete-time-delay sys-temswith disturbance and
nonlinearity.They have designed abounded controller based on state
estimator and disturbanceobserver. K. Wang et al. introduced the
idea of multiplemodels into adaptive dynamic programming (ADP),
suchthat the consequent controller is able to deal with
jumpingparameters and to improve the transient response. X. Chenet
al. focused on graph theory and presented a new theoremthat if 𝐺 is
a 𝑘-connected (𝑘 ≥ 2) almost claw-free graphof order 𝑛, then 𝐺
contains a spanning 3-ended tree. H. Sunet al. developed a novel
composite adaptive antidisturbancecontroller for a class of
discrete-time switched systems, suchthat good antidisturbance
performance can be achieved.
The selected papers in the special issue could not coverall the
recent advances of discrete-time intelligent systems,yet they
present the state-of-the-art progress in this area.We hope these
valuable papers may enrich knowledge in thediscrete-time control
community andprovide guidance to thereaders who are interested in
this topic.
Acknowledgments
The guest editors would like to mention their appreciationto
both the authors and the reviewers for their contributiontowards
the success of this special issue. The support by
the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)
under Grant EP/L026856/2 is also appreciated.
Chenguang YangBin Xu
Hongbin MaDeqing Huang
Jing Na
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