Eduart Zimer - (SDU) - Adventive Plants - Part 4 (2008)

8/11/2019 Eduart Zimer - (SDU) - Adventive Plants - Part 4 (2008)

1/23

Rkie ;

Tudducegt pckgts arjh mjwg ugmer Kmvegtnve Rckgts (Rkrt =)?

Gktures Ckljrktjry? \kgintjtj Nsckgm (Fkurk`n Iuca) K lrnea jvervnew ja tfe kmvegtnve

sudducegt acjrk ja \kgintjtj Nsckgm

NV. Gktures Ckljrktjry? \kgintjtj Nsckgm (Fkurk`n Iuca)

]fe vjcdkgnd nsckgm ja \kgintjtj (Fkurk`n Iuca) ns kcwkys k very ngterestngi suloedt gjt tj hegtnjg nts

klugmkgt sudducegt gkturkcnzem acjrk. ]fe nsckgm ns kg extrehecy redegt kppekrkgde kt iejcjindkc sdkce kgm

ns tfereajre kg exdeccegt jppjrtugnty tj stumy tfe kppekrkgde kgm mevecjphegt ja acjrk kgm akugk ng kg

egvnrjghegt mjhngktem ugtnc gjt tjj cjgi kij ly lkre ckvk anecms (;). Nt ns ng jtfer wjrms k gkturkc

ckljrktjry. Iejcjinsts sky tfe nsckgm eheriem sjhe 122 622 yekrs kij arjh tfe sek, kctfjuif tfere ns gj

iegerkccy kddeptem jpngnjg, ajccjwngi k sernes ja vnjcegt eruptnjgs ckstngi wntf ngterruptnjgs letweeg ;2

tf

degtury prjve tfkt tfe

veietktnjg wks akr arjh

lengi estklcnsfem kt tfkttnhe. ]fns ng` kgm

wkterdjcjur pkngtngi ly

Dfkrces Fekpfy sfjws tfe

vjcdkgnd djge kgm tfe

drkter ja \kgintjtj ng tfe

;652s. Nt ns lecnevem tfkt

ng tfjse tnhes tfe djge

wks lkre ja veietktnjg,

ckriecy ledkuse ja anres cnt

ly ekrcy Eurjpekg

settcers, lut N rekccy mjulttfns. ]fe mesjcktem

ckgmsdkpe rehngms hjre

ja redegt vjcdkgnd kdtnvnty.

RMA Drektem wntf mes`RMA RMA Yrnter - ]rnkc ?? fttp?//www.mjdumes`.djh
http://www.docudesk.com/http://www.docudesk.com/


2/23

Rkie 55, gekrcy `nccngi aew jaandnkcs. Ly ;>;5 twj ange iegtceheg gkhem Hr. Cekry kgm

Hr. Yncsjg eveg stkrtem tfe wjr`s ajr k Ljtkgnd Ikrmeg, ngdcumngi repjrtemcy hkgy dkdtn kgm jtfersudducegts, gever angnsfem kgm evegtukccy klkgmjgem ks nt fks fkppegem wntf hkgy jtfer prjoedts murngitrjulcem tnhes ja wkr. Lut ly tfe egm ja tfe 52-tnes tfe qukrry kgm tfe prnsjg were kcrekmy k tfngi ja tfe

pkst kgm hjst ja tfe lkdfes were klkgmjgem ks strndt ruces were set ng pckde.

Kt presegt gj edjgjhnd kdtnvnty wfktsjever ns kccjwem jg \kgintjtj Nsckgm, exdept tfe twj trud`s fkucngi

tjurnsts tj tfe suhhnt jr ajr rugkrjugm trnps. Eveg tfe trkd`s kre ckriecy nigjrngi tfe gjrtferg fkca ja tfensckgm, exdept ajr tfe pktf cekmngi tj Yred` Lky kgm Ljucmer Lky. Yred` Lky usem tj le ugtnc ckte ng tfe

=2-tnes k pckde wfere sfnps were set ksfjre jr mecnlerktecy sug` ng sfkccjw wkters kgm klkgmjgem kater tfeservnde mkys were jver nt ns k irkveykrm ja vessecs snhpcy muhpem jg tfe nsckgm letweeg ;669 kgm ;>=9.


3/23

Rkie 4

Gj cess tfkg ;4 sfnps kre restngi gjw hjstcy ugmerwkter, lengi oust kg kttrkdtnjg ajr tjurnsts kgm espednkccy

ajr mnvers.

\kgintjtj Nsckgm ns very ngterestngi ajr ljtkgnsts, lnjcjinsts kgm edjcjinsts ledkuse tfey dkg wktdf ng rekc

tnhe tfe egtnre prjdess ja djcjgnzktnjg ja tfe ckvk anecms, anrst ly cndfegs kgm kater sjhe tnhe ly vksduckrpckgts wfndf wncc djgtngue tj dfkgie tfe egvnrjghegt ugtnc lusf ckgm kgm ajrest-cn`e fklntkts dkg estklcnsf

tfehsecves. ]fns prjdess ja mevecjphegt kgm mnversnandktnjg ja tfe veietktnjg kccjws ckgm kgnhkcs kgmlnrms tj settce kgm tj ajrh snignandkgt pjpucktnjgs. Nt ns k prjdess, wfndf dkg le hjgntjrem gjwkmkys ng oustvery aew pckdes jg Ekrtf, kgm tfereajre nt ns ugmerstkgmklce wfy sdnegtnst wfnsf gj ngteraeregde wntf tfese

gkturkc prjdesses. Nt ns gjt kcwkys eksy ks kgnhkcs (ijkts, lewncmerem mjis kgm dkts, pjssuhs, wkccklnes,rkllnts, femiefjis, hnde, rkts kgm jtfer hkhhkcs) were kaaedtngi tfe gkturkc prjdesses ly mestrjyngi (ng k

very secedtnve hkgger sjhetnhes) tfe yjugi sfjjts ja sjhe ja tfe pckgts, ajrkingi wnmecy jg tfe irjugm,ektngi aergs jr meajcnktngi kgm mepcetngi sfruls, mestrjyngi seemcngis jr fngmerngi kgm egmkgierngi tfe aew

lnrm djcjgnes, dfkgingi hkssnvecy tfe ugsettcem gkturkc fklntkts. Ja djurse kcc tfns wks mnsturlngi tfe wkysja tfe gkture kgm tfe extegt ja tfe mkhkies mjge fkve ajrdem sdnegtnsts ngtj mrkstnd heksures cn`e hjre jr

cess lrutkc erkmndktnjg ja sjhe ja tfese kgnhkcs jr kt cekst ajr k mrkstnd djgtrjc ja tfenr guhlers, ajr tfemespknr ja kgm kddjhpkgnem ly tfe prjtests ja hkgy kgnhkc rnifts kssjdnktnjgs. Murngi ;>>2


4/23

Rkie =

kgm wntf tjtkccy mnaaeregt iejcjind jrning, Hjtutkpu Nsckgm fks kg ngdremnlce mnaaeregt acjrk kgm akugk,

kdtukccy very vnsnlce eveg na yju cjj` kt tfeh arjh tfe hkngckgm. Kctfjuif hjst ja tfe hekgs kgm pkttergs

ja pckgt djcjgnzktnjg fkve leeg kcrekmy hegtnjgem ng tfns sernes N wncc rengajrde lrneacy aew ja tfe akdtjrs

djgtrnlutngi tj k snignandkgt presegde ja kmvegtnve sudducegt acjrk jg tfe nsckgm, tfe jges N tfng` fkve hjre

wenift ng tfns ever-dfkgingi fklntkt?

tfe ckd` ja meep rndf jrikgnd sjncs ns gjt k lkrrner, gjt eveg k fkgmndkp ajr sudducegt pckgts.

Ng tfe lkd` ja jur hngms we lekr tfe nmek ja rndf jrikgnd sjncs gedesskry ajr pckgts ng jrmer tjtfrnve, we prjlklcy kre fnifcy ngacuegdem ly kg kirnducturkc jr fjrtnducturkc wky ja tfng`ngi iet tfeh pcegty ja jrikgnd hktter kgm aertncnzers jg tjp ja tfkt kgm yju wncc fkve k rndf

fkrvest. Ng tfe rekc wjrcm ja tfe gkturkc fklntkts pckgts secmjh geem very rndf sjncs, hjst jatfeh mj nt very wecc wntf hjmerkte tj pjjr sjncs. Espednkccy tfe sudducegt pckgts preaer hjstcy

pjjr tj hngerkc sjncs. Mespnte tfenr rktfer scjw irjwtf kgm mnsperskc sudducegt pckgts hkgkiemtj djver tfns fkgmndkp ly k mnaaeregtnkc ikp hjst ja tfeh dkg irjw wntfjut kgy sjnc kt kcc!

Qery lrneacy (=) hjst ja tfe pckgts dkggjt irjw jg lkre rjd`s0 tfereajre cndfegs kre anrstdjcjgnzngi tfe ckvk anecms. Kater sjhe tnhe tfey wncc medky kgm prjmude shkcc khjugts ja

jrikgnd hktter, kdduhucktem evegtukccy ng shkcc pjdèts, anssures jr rnats anrst step ja tfedjcjgnzktnjg prjdess. Evegtukccy tfese kdduhucktnjgs ja jrikgnd hktter wncc retkng egjuif

hjnsture tj kccjw seems mnspersem ly wngm jr lnrms tj ierhngkte kgm stkrt tfe kdtukc djcjgnzktnjgprjdess ja fnifer vksduckr pckgts. Arjh gjw jg tfe sgjwlkcc eaaedt ns ng pckde, hjre kgm hjre

medkyem jrikgnd hktter wncc le prjmudem, dfkgingi tfe egvnrjghegt kgm ajrhngi sfkccjw sjncswntf jrikgnd djgtegt, rndf kgm meep egjuif tj suppjrt lusf veietktnjg, invngi hjnsture

retegtnjg kgjtfer ljjst ly k cesser mnredt sug expjsure ja tfe irjugm, wfndf espednkccy ng fnif

rkngakcc kreks (ks \kgintjtj ns) drektes kt cekst tfe hngnhkc djgmntnjgs ajr k auture rkngajrest. Kcctfns tkès hkgy medkmes jr hjst cnècy aew degturnes. Hjst ja tfe sudducegt pckgts mjgt geem

kcc tfns prjdess, tfey dkg kddjhhjmkte tfehsecves jg sfkccjw hngerkc sjncs (ks k resuct jaerjsnjg, kctfjuif tfkt ns gjt usukccy tfe dkse ng sudf k yjugi vjcdkgnd nsckgm, jr hjre cnècy

kdduhucktnjgs ja vjcdkgnd ksfes arjh tfe prevnjus eruptnjgs) jr wntf rjjts drkhpem mnredtcy jgtfe ckvk lcjd`s, expcjntngi rktfer tfe rndfgess ng vntkc hngerkcs. Ks kcc fuhkg settcehegts jg

\kgintjtj were ng tfe prjxnhnty ja tfe sfjres, tfese were tfe hjst expjsem kreks wfere

4. =. ]fe ikp letweeg \kgintjtj kgm Hjtutkpu kt tfe gkrrjwest pjngt, letweeg Nscngitjg

Lky kgm Ikrmngers Ikp, kt cjw tnme (ceat) kgm sfjrtcy kater tfe tnme stkrtem tj rnse (rnift).



5/23

Rkie 5

sudducegt pckgts (kgm jtfer pckgts wntf xerjpfytnd kmkptktnjg ks wecc) fkve leeg mnspersem, gjt

tfe ngckgm tfkt tjj` tfe rktfer trkmntnjgkc pktf ja tfe mevecjphegt tj k cnift lusf. Yntf very

aew exdeptnjgs tfe kmvegtnve sudducegt acjrk ja \kgintjtj ns cnhntem tj k gkrrjw djkstkc strnp

ajccjwngi hjstcy tfe ngfklntem pkrts ja tfe nsckgm.

tfe sdkrdnty ja kvkncklce wkter ns kgjtfer reksjg wfy tfe sudducegt kgm xerjpfytnd acjrk fkm ksnignandkgt kmvkgtkie jg hjre hjnsture geemy spednes. Ugcn`e tfe genifljrngi Hjtutkpu Nsckgm

tfere kre gj aresf wkter sjurdes jg \kgintjtj kgm tfkts k sernjus fkgmndkp. Eveg na tfe rkngakccs

kre qunte klugmkgt ng tfe krek (kverkingi ;,;22 ;,422 hh / yekr ng Kud`ckgm kgm kctfjuiftfere ns gj hetejrjcjindkc stktnjg jg tfe nsckgm nt ns lecnevem tfkt tfe rkngakcc ns hkringkc fnifer

fere (5)) tfe wkter acjws snhpcy kwky ks tfere ns gj meep sjnc tj retkng nt. Tjhe hjnsture wncc le

retkngem ng meeper pjd`ets ja tfe ckvk anecms jr ecsewfere wfere sjnc fks stkrtem tj kdduhuckte

lut tfns ns fkrmcy egjuif ajr pckgts tj survnve, tfereajre pckgts wntf xerjpfytnd kmkptktnjg

(ngdcumngi sudducegt pckgts) kre meangntecy letter jaa, kt cekst ugtnc tfe egvnrjghegt dfkgies

egjuif ajr k sedjgmkry suddessnjg. ]fe sdkrdnty ja wkter ns k very nhpjrtkgt akdtjr gjt jgcy

ledkuse nt cnhnts tfe rkgie ja pckgts, wfndf hky estklcnsf fere, lut nt kcsj kaaedts tfe strudture ja

tfe akugk - wfndf ng tfe egm suppjrts pckgts mnsperskc jr ngacuegdes pckgt suddessnjgs.

tfe klsegde ja kgy djhpetntnjg ns k very nhpjrtkgt akdtjr ks wecc, ks kcneg pckgts angm ng hjst

ja tfe dkses very mnaanduct tj pegetrkte kgm settce ng very estklcnsfem fklntkts renigem ly mnaaeregtegvnrjghegtkc pkrkheters. Fjwever, nt ns khkzngi tfkt ng k recktnve sfjrt pernjm ja tnhe aew

fugmrems ja pckgt spednes fkve estklcnsfem fere, ngdcumngi =2 spednes ja aergs kgm dk. tfdegtury sfjw k akr cess pjpucktem

nsckgm, wntf ckrie kreks ja lkre ckvk anecms. Hkgy spednes ngdcumngi sudducegt pckgts fkve ajugm

tfe rnift djgmntnjgs, pcegty ja spkde kgm k vkrnety ja kvkncklce gndfes, ijjm egjuif ajr tfese

jppjrtugnstnd ngtrumers.

5.Lkre ckvk anecms, tfns ns

fjw kcc stkrts. Lut tfe

very hjst ja tfe sudducegt

ckgts hkgkie tj

kddjhhjmkte tfehsecves

ng tfns fjstnce

egvnrjghegt, expcjntngi

tfe rndfgess ng vntkchngerkcs ja tfe rjd`s. Jg

tfe djgtrkry, tfe djhhjg

vksduckr pckgts kre

wkntngi anrst ajr tfe

cndfegs djcjgnzktnjg tj

trkgsajrh tfe fklntkt.



6/23

Rkie 1

tfe fuhkg ngteraeregde wks hjre eaaedtnve tfkg ng jtfer inveg dnrduhstkgdes. ]fere wereseverkc kttehpts murngi tfe ckte ;>

tf kgm ekrcy 2s wfeg gjt jgcy tfe ngfklntkgts lut kcsj hehlers ja tfe pulcnd were

egdjurkiem tj lrngi ly aerry tfenr akvjurnte pckgt wntf tfeh, gjt tj hegtnjg Hr. Cekrys kgm

Hr. Yncsjgs ljtkgndkc prjoedt wfndf cekm tj tfe ngtrjmudngi ja twj ja tfe hjst wnmecyestklcnsfem pckgts ng tfe h fnif suhhnt djge krek Erndk cusntkgndk(akh.Erndkdeke) kgm

Fypernduh kgmrjskeuh(akh.Fyperndkdeke). Kpprjxnhktecy 12% ja tfe pckgt spednes presegt

jg tfe nsckgm, sjhe ja tfeh djgsnmerem gjw tj le ngvksnve jg \kgintjtj kgm pjtegtnkccymnsturlngi kgm re-pfksngi gkturkc prjdesses, were ngtrjmudem murngi tfns pernjm hkngcy ks

ikrmeg pckgts. ]fe very hjst ja tfe spednes wfndf suddeemem tj esdkpe kgm gkturkcnze were

sudducegt pckgts (Drkssuck, Temuh, Lryjpfyccuh, Kcje, Kejgnuh, Kikvespp., etd.) jr pckgtsfkvngi xerjpfyte kmkptktnjgs kgm aektures cnè lucls, rfnzjhes jr djrhs, egklcngi tfeh tj

survnve ng extrehe mry egvnrjghegts (Yktsjgnk, Ickmnjcus, Nrns, Gepfrjcepsns, Kspkrkius spp.kgm hkgy jtfers). ]fe fuhkg kssnstem mnsperskc wks akr hjre eaaedtnve tfkg gkturkc mnsperskc

hekgs cnè seems mnspersem ly wngm jr ly lnrms ajr exkhpce, kddjugtngi ajr jgcy =2% ja tfe

pckgt spednes.

Nt ns gjt jgcy fuhkg ngteraeregde mnvertngi gkturkc prjdesses kgm settngi k hkr` jg \kgintjtj gkturkc

fnstjry. Nt ns kcsj rktfer strkgie tfjuif tfkt tfe veietktnjg mevecjphegt pkttergs kre gjt dcjsecyajccjwngi tfe typndkc Gew _ekckgm veietktnjg types (jr wfkt jge wjucm fkve expedtem tj fkppeg ng

Gew _ekckgm) lut rktfer Fkwknnkg cnè ajrests jr cnift lusfes mjhngktem ly trees lecjgingi tj tfeiegus Hetrjsnmerjs (akh. Hyrtkdeke), espednkccy ly Hetrjsnmerjs exdecsk (tfe akhjus gktnve

pjfutu`kwk, jge ja Gew _ekckgms ndjgnd pckgts) kgm Hetrjsnmerjs rjlustk (Yjtferspjjg &Yjtferpjjg,


7/23

Rkie 9

tfe ckyer irjugm ja tfe nsckgm, tfe fjstnce ckvk anecms, ns tfe hkng suppjrt ajr hkgy pckgt spednes wfndf

ng tfe hkngckgm ajrests irjw ks epnpfytes ajr exkhpce Djccjsperhuh fkstktuhkgmKstecnk lkg`snn

(ljtf lecjgingi tj akh.Cncnkdeke) kgm Irnsecngnk cudnmk(akh. Djrgkdeke) wfndf hk`es gj segse kt kcc

ks tfe sjnc fks cnttce jr gj wkter retegtnjg kt kcc kgm ns tjtkccy mnaaeregt arjh k dckssnd epnpfyte sulstrkte.

Akdt ns tfkt hkgy prjdesses kre rktfer mnaaeregt arjh tfe hkngckgm pkttergs kgm tfns hnift le kgjtferqunte sustkngem expckgktnjg ajr tfe fnif jddurregde ja sudducegt pckgts arjh tfe tjtkc guhler ja

spednes.

Hjst ja tfe djhhjg kvkncklce sjurdes djgsnmer tfkt tfere kre


8/23

Rkie 6

N kh recyngi hjstcy jg wrntteg ljtkgndkc kddjugts kgm aew egvnrjghegtkc stumnes, lut kcsj jg persjgkc

jlservktnjgs hkme murngi hy twj trnps fere. Nt ns ugmerstjjm tfkt tfe ajccjwngi cnst ja gkhes ns gjt

ngtegmem tj le kg exfkustnve kddjugt lut rktfer tj lrngi sjhe cnift ng kg krek wfndf wks ugtnc gjw ckriecy

nigjrem ks k wfjce.

Lysudducegt pckgtN ugmerstkgm kgy pereggnkc vksduckr pckgt fkvngi evjcvem spednkcnzem jrikgs ajr tfe

stjrkie ja wkter kgm gutrnegts (cnè dkumexes, trug`s, stehs, kgm cekves) ks k ajrh ja xerjpfytnd kmkptktnjgng jrmer tj kccjw tfeh ajr hkgy yekrs tfe survnvkc ng kg egvnrjghegt dfkrkdternzem ly k hkrèm seksjgkcjr pernjmnd hjnsture meandnt. N kh tfereajre exdcumngi kggukc pckgts (hkngcy djgdergem tj djgsuhe tfe

reprjmudtnjg dydce ng k inveg pernjm ja tnhe), jr usngi sudducegt tnssue ng jrmer tj ngdrekse tfe survnvkcdfkgdes ja tfenr mesdegmegts (cnè pckgts fkvngi lerry-cnè arunts), jr lengi klce tj survnve prjcjgiem

pernjms ja mrkuift mue tj tfenr lucls kgm rfnzjhes eveg na pkrts ja tfe pckgt mne lkd`. Nt ns dertkngcy gjt kprjper meangntnjg ja sudducegt pckgts, kgm prjlklcy wncc rknse sjhe eye lrjws (ks nt mnm ng sjhe jtfer

jddksnjgs), lut N tfng` nt meanges letter hy krek ja ngterest kgm tfe ngtegmem cnhnts ja hy kddjugt.

Kgm fere we ij?

Kikve kherndkgkCnggkeus ;954(akh.Kikvkdeke) PHexndj, UTKX ns jge ja tfe pckgts gever hegtnjgemng ljtkgndkc kddjugts (lut ng sjhe ja tfe erkmndktnjg prjirkhs Yjtferspjjg & Yjtferspjjg =), kctfjuif nts presegde ng jtfer Fkurk`n Iuca nsckgms wks kd`gjwcemiem. Nt ns jge jatfe ekrcnest ljtkgndkc kddjugts jg gkturkcnzem sudducegt pckgts, hegtnjgem ng ;>1> ly ]. @nr` ks irjwngi jg

Kud`ckgms Gjrtf Tfjre. N fkve seeg tfe pckgt jg tfe eksterg djkst ja \kgintjtj, oust gjrtf ja tfe NscngitjgLky wfkra, ajrhngi qunte klugmkgt pjpucktnjgs ja rktfer yjugi pckgts, gjge ckrier tfkg ;22 dh, sdktterem

jver aknrcy jpeg lut very rjuif ckvk anecms. N fkvegt seeg kgy ckrie kmuct pckgt, gjr vkrneiktem vkrnkgts ks

repjrtemcy seeg ng jtfer pckdes (9). ]fe sfjrt-terh ijkc ja tfe Mepkrthegt ja Djgservktnjg ns tj kdfneve

6. Cjts ja Kikveherndkgk irjwngi

jg very sfkccjw

rjd`y sjncs (ksfes

rjh tfe terhngkc

fkses ja tfe

vjcdkgnd eruptnjgs)

jr mnredtcy jg tfe

ckvk anecms. ]fnsrehngms he jg tfe

ikve kherndkgkvkrneiktkseeg ly he

ng


9/23

Rkie >

_erj Megsnty (kppkregtcy kcrekmy kdfnevem) tfe cjgi-terh ijkc lengi tfe aucc Erkmndktnjg nt ns k Dckss . ;2. Kikve kherndkgk, shkccer pckgts irjwngi ng

klugmkgde sjutf ja tfe pksskie tj Hjtutkpu Nsckgm.

;;. ;


10/23

Rkie ;2

Kcje hkducktk(Kntjg) Fkwjrtf (akh.Kspfjmeckdeke) PTjutf KarndkX reaerrem hjstcy ksKcje skpjgkrnk

(Kntjg) Fkwjrtf ;62= ng Gew _ekckgm ljtkgndkc redjrms, ns k very pjpuckr kgm eksy-ijngi pckgt, kgm tferens gj wjgmer tfkt nt hkgkiem tj settce fere. Nt wks anrstcy hegtnjgem ng ;664 ly ]. A. Dfeesehkg ks Kcje

cktnajcnk(Fkwjrtf) Fkwjrtf (6)ng \ehuerk (Kud`ckgm). Nt ns k qunte scjw irjwngi pckgt espednkccy ng fkrsfdjgmntnjgs kgm wntf k rktfer cjw mnsperskc rkte. \fnzjhes kre segt krjugm tfe hjtfer pckgt kgm evegtukccy khemnuh snzem djhpkdt djcjgy ns ajrhem. Djgtrkry tj ductnvktem pckgts jr wncm pckgts irjwngi ng mnaaeregt

djgmntnjgs (ks N skw ng Oucy


11/23

Rkie ;;

]fe rest ja tfe kmvegtnve sudducegt pckgts jg \kgintjtj Nsckgm lecjgi tj Drkssuckdeke, wfndf ns gj surprnsekt kcc ks tfns pckgt akhncy ledkhe ngdreksngicy pjpuckr ng Gew _ekckgm ikrmegs kgm ireegfjuses jver tfe

ckst degtury. N wncc stkrt wntf k very ngterestngi (kgm mnsputem) irjup ja pckgts ajrhngi segsktnjgkc

pjpucktnjgs Kejgnuh.

N wncc stkrt wntf k pckgt fkvngi kg ugdertkng stktus Kejgnuh krljreuhYell & Lertfecjt PHjrjddjX0 nt

ns ug`gjwg na tfns pckgt fks leeg kdtukccy seeg jg \kgintjtj jr kgywfere ecse ng Gew _ekckgm kctfjuiftfere kre k aew reaeregdes. Kppkregtcy nt wks Fekcys djgausnjg ng ;>5> (repjrtemcy fe djgausem Kejgnuhda. dncnktuhajrKejgnuh krljreuh), hkgy fkve reaerrem fnh ckter, lut wfeg fns errjr fks leeg mnsdjverem

yekrs ckter kcc kutfjrs tegm gjw tj cng` kgy reaeregde jaKejgnuh krljreuhtj tfns errjr, wfndf hnift le ja

djurse gjt true. Fjwever, cnttce ns kdtukccy `gjwg jtfer tfkg tfns pckgt ns k mjultauc jddurregde.

Kejgnuh dncnktuh (Ynccmegjw) Yell & Lertfecjt PHkdkrjgesnkX ns jge ja tfe sudducegt pckgts ekrcy

hegtnjgem ly Fekcy (;>5>) kgm kd`gjwcemiem ng ;>6= ly M. \. Inveg ks lengi wnmecy mnspersem ng ljtf

Gjrtf Nsckgm kgm Tjutf Nsckgm kctfjuif gjt ajrhngi megse pjpucktnjgs.

;4. ;5.HktureKcje hkducktk(kljve

ceat) irjwngi mnredtcy jg tfe ckvk anecms.

Gjte tfe lrjwgnsf djcjur sfjwngi

ngtegse stress (ngtegse sug, djgstkgt

meandnt ja wkter jr ljtf) kgm tfe rktfer

tfng cjgi cekves usukccy pckgts

expjsem tj strjgi cnift cevecs fkve

sfjrter cekves lut lrjkmer kt tfe lkse.

Ttressem yjugi pckgts irjwngi mnredtcy

jg ckvk lcjd`s (kljve rnift) kgm jg

sfkccjw rjd`y sjncs (lecjw ceat). ]fe

ckgts seeg fere kre qunte mnaaeregt

rjh tfe shkcc djcjgy seeg ng


12/23

Rkie ;5> kddjugt, kg errjr

perpetuktem ckter kcsj wntf jtfer pjpucktnjgs, wntf Kejgnuh krljreuh. M. \. Inveg hegtnjgem nt ajr tfeanrst tnhe ng fns ;>6= Dfed`cnst.

Kejgnuh x acjrnlugmuhLerierPfylrnm ja ikrmeg jrningX kppkregtcy k sngice wecc settcem pjpucktnjgvery dcjse tj tfe fnif tnme hkr`. ]fns fylrnm wks hegtnjgem ks ekrcy ks ;>66 ly Y. \. Ty`es ng vjc. = ja

Acjrk ja Gew _ekckgm, lksem jg k ;>61 djccedtnjg. Letweeg ;>6> kgm ;>>4 Ty`es fks djccedtem tfnsfylrnm arjh Fkurk`n Iuca nsckgms (pulcnsfem ly R. L. Feegkg ng fns ;>>6 Dfed`cnst), ngdcumngi \kgintjtj.

;1.K wjgmerauc spednheg j

ejgnuh ugmucktuh fylrnm

irjwngi oust sjutf j

Nscngitjg Lky wfkra. ]fere ns

k hkignandegt strnp jejgnuh fylrnms irjwngi

dcjse tj tfe wkter cnge

drkhpem jg tfe ckvk lcjd`.

]fnsKejgnuhpjpucktnjg wksmeangntecy tfe fnifcnift ja tfe

sedjgm trnp tj \kgintjtj,

rjlklcy tfe hjst spedtkduckr

sudducegt sdege N fkve seeg ng

tfe wncm.

;9. Kejgnuh dncnktuh (pjssnlcy k

fylrnm pckgt) irjwngi ng tfe skhe

cjdktnjg. Nt ns khkzngi fjw

mnaaeregt tfe pckgts dkg le0 nt ns gexttj nhpjssnlce tj angm twj nmegtndkc

ckgts. ]fe pckgts fere fkve

meangntecy gjt tfe fjrtnducturkc

cjj` we kre usem tj. Fjwever, eveg

na ljtkgnd cnterkture stktes tfkt jgcy

nsjcktem pckgts were seeg, N tfng`

tfere were kt cekst 42 =2 pckgts

fkve seeg jg k ;22 ;52 h cjgi

strnp. Qery aew yjugi pckgts

tfjuif.



13/23

Rkie ;4

Kejgnuh fkwjrtfnnYell & Lertfecjt ;6=;PDkgkry NsckgmsX hjstcy fylrnm pckgts fkve leeg djccedtemarjh severkc pckdes ng Gew _ekckgm, lut gjge ja tfe ljtkgndkc cnterkture reaeregdes ns pckdngi nt ng

\kgintjtj. Fjwever, nt ns presegt jg tfe nsckgm kgm hegtnjgem ng Yjtferspjjg & Yjtferspjjg (=).

;6. Ng tfe skhe

cjdktnjg Kejgnuhugmucktuh (ceat) kgm

ejgnuh dncnktuh(rnift) irjwngi gext tj

ekdf jtfer ja djurse

ljtf kre fylrnm pckgts,

lut kt cekst jge ja tfe

kregts ns dcekrcy

vnsnlce.

;>. K wjgmerauc

rjsette ja kgKejgnuh

fkwjrtfnn (k fylrnm

ckgt N tfng`). ]fns

spednheg ns prjlklcy

jge ja tfe hjst

resehlcngi tfe true

spednes0 tfere were

sjhe jtfer ks wecc,

lut kcsj hkgy

ngmeangnte ajrhs.



14/23

Rkie ;=

Kejgnuh ugmucktuhYell & Lertfecjt ;6=;PDkgkry NsckgmsX - aew nsjcktem pckgts irjwngi dcjse tj tfe

tnme cnge. Anrst djccedtnjg mktes arjh ;>61 (Y. \. Ty`es - pulcnsfem ng vjc. = ja Acjrk ja Gew _ekckgm ng

;>66) kgm wks hkme ng \kgintjtj, jtfer pjpucktnjgs lengi mnsdjverem sfjrtcy ng Lkg`s Regngsuck

(Dfrnstdfurdf). ]fe pckgt ns hegtnjgem ng ljtkgndkc cnterkture, lut gjt ng egvnrjghegtkc stumnes jr

djgservktnjg prjirkhs ajr k dfkgie.


15/23

Rkie ;5

]feKejgnuhpjpucktnjgs jg \kgintjtj ns k hust see ajr kgyjge kmmndtem tj sudducegt acjrk wfj ns vnsntngi

\kgintjtj. N fkve hnssem nt murngi hy anrst trnp jg tfe nsckgm, lut fkve spegt k ijjm fjur cjj`ngi kt tfe

pckgts sdktterem jg k aew fugmrem heters cjgi strnp sjutf ja Nscngitjg Lky wfkra, dcjse tj tfe fnif tnme

hkr`, sjhe cess tfkg k heter kljve nt (kgm N tfng` qunte expjsem tj tfe skcty sek wkter murngi stjrhs) jg

rjuif ckvk lcjd`s kt tnhes jg kchjst vertndkc steeps, ugtnc 4 = heters kljve sek cevec. Cnterkccy tfjuskgmsja pckgts, hjst ja tfeh kppkregtcy lengi fylrnms, jg k hkignandegt mnspcky wntf k surrekcnstnd tjudf N wjucm

sky, hjst ja tfeh djgangem tj tfe sfjre ly tfe eksterg djkstkc wkc`wky, lut wntf aew pckgts hk`ngi nt jvertfe pktf ngtj tfe cnift lusf. Nt tkès tnhe tj fkve k tfjrjuif cjj` ks hkgy mnaaeregt ngter-fylrnmnzem ajrhsexnst. \krecy twj pckgts cjj` tfe skhe. Ugajrtugktecy tfere wks gj systehktnd stumy mjge jg tfns

pjpucktnjg, wfndf tfkts hy 52 degts wjrtf hky ngdcume ugnque ajrhs kgm gkturkc fylrnms. N fkvedjccedtem 5 pckgtcets, twj ja tfeh wntf fkwjrtfnn, twj wntf ugmucktuh kgm jge pjssnlcy wntf dncnktuh

kgdestry, lut ugajrtugktecy fkve turgem rkpnmcy ngtj rktfer fjrtnducturkc cjj`ngi pckgts kater lengi pjttemkgm pckdem ng hy ireegfjuse. Irjwngi djgmntnjgs dkggjt le tfe skhe N kh karknm.

Kgm fere we ij kikng, wntf tfe rest ja tfe gkhes?

Lryjpfyccuh meckijegse (Ed`cjg & _eyfer) Tdfngz PHkmkiksdkrX (>)ns k pckgtreaerrem ugmer severkc

gkhes - Lryjpfyccuh tulnacjruh Fkrvey, Lryjpfyccuh vertndnccktuh (Tdjtt-Eccnjt) Lerier, @kckgdfjmeckijegseEd`cjg & _eyfer, @kckgdfj tulnacjrk (Fkrvey) Fkhetkgm kcsj `gjwg ugmer k djcjuraucdjhhjg gkhe tfe Cnzkrm Rckgt. Nt ns k cjgi ckstngi presegde jg \kgintjtj lengi djccedtem ng ;>9; ly K.E. Escer0 tfe gkhe ns pulcnsfem jgcy ng ;>66 ly Y. \. Tyès ng vjc. = ja Acjrk ja Gew _ekckgm. Nt irjws jg

ckvk lcjd`s, wfndf ns gjt exkdtcy k hktdf tj nts jrningkc fklntkt, kgm ns k ikrmeg esdkpe arjh gekrlyikrmegs. ]fere ns gj jtfer Gew _ekckgm `gjwg wncm pjpucktnjg.

Lryjpfyccuh mknirehjgtnkguh(Fkhet & Rerrner) Lerier ;>42 PHkmkiksdkr, lut kcsj ]rjpndkc Ksnk,

espednkccy Rk`nstkg very prjlklcy ja ductnvktem jrningXns reaerrem ks @kckgdfj mknirehjgtnkgkFkhet &

Rerrnerng Yjtferspjjg & Yjtferspjjg (=) kt kcc.

Lryjpfyccuh pnggktuh (Ckhknre) Jèg P]rjpndkc KsnkX () oust aew nsjcktem pckgts, lut ks nt ns

djgsnmerem tj fkve kg nhhegse ngvksnve pjtegtnkc nt fks leeg lckd`cnstem, hegtnjgem tj le gkturkcnzem ly

Y. \. Tyès ng ;>99, lut pckdem ajr tfe anrst tnhe jg \kgintjtj ly M. \. Inveg ng fns ;>6= Dfed`cnst.

Lryjpfyccuh mknirehjgtnkguh x Lryjpfyccuh meckijegsePikrmeg fylrnmX, kcsj `gjwg ksLryjpfyccuh

'Fjuiftjg's Fylrnm' jr Lryjpfyccuh 'Fjuiftjgnn' ns usukccy reaerrem ly Gew _ekckgm kutfjrs ks @kckgdfj

mknirehjgtnkgk x @kckgdfj tulnacjrk kgm kppkregtcy very rkre (jr rktfer k dksukc presegde N wjucm sky).

Hegtnjgem ajr tfe anrst tnhe ng \kgintjtj ng ;>>5 ly D. O. Yell ks irjwngi jg jpeg scjpes kgm jcm ckvk

rullce. Gj ngacjresdegde ja tfns pckgt wks jlservem.

Drkssuck djddngek Cnggkeus ;954 PTjutf KarndkX, kcsj `gjwg ks \jdfek djddngek (Cnggkeus) MeDkgmjcce usem tj le kgjtfer very pjpuckr ikrmeg pckgt aew medkmes kij mue tj nts lni lrnift rem acjwers

fkvngi k tuluckr djrjcck, dfkrkdternstnd ajr tfe sedtnjg @kcjskgtfes. ]fe \kgintjtj pckgts kre k dckssndikrmeg esdkpe, lut very persnstegt krjugm ljtf wfkras kgm sjhe ja tfe jcm klkgmjgem lkdfes. Nt ns gjt

ajrhngi megse pjpucktnjg, lut rktfer nsjcktem pckgts kre sdktterem jg tfe ckvk lcjd`s. Nt ns meangntecy jge jatfe pckgts egojyngi tfns `ngm ja sulstrkte. Nt wks anrst djccedtem ly Y. \. Tyès ng Teptehler ;>6< kgm ns

djgsnmerem k Dckss 4 prnjrnty pckgt.



16/23

Rkie ;1

Drkssuck huctndkvkCehknre ;61< PTjutf KarndkX, k wecc gjwgjcm aksfnjgem ikrmeg pckgt kcsj `gjwg ks

Aknry Drkssuck (;2), anrst djccedtem ly D. H. Thntf ng ;>59 kgm hegtnjgem ly Fekcy ng ;>5>, ns jge ja tfe

hjst wnmecy mnspersem sudducegt pckgts jg \kgintjtj, wfndf ns rktfer skm mue tj nts fnifcy ngvksnve fklnt. Nt

irjws kchjst everywfere, jg mnaaeregt types ja sulstrktes, arjh lkre ckvk lcjd`s tj rndfer sjncs ng ajrher

ikrmegs, kgm ns tfe jgcy jge lengi dkpklce tj evkme tfe djkstkc fklntkts kgm tj pegetrkte tfe fjstnce ckvk

anecms ja tfe ngternjr. N fkve seeg very ckrie hjugms fere tfe lniiest N fkve ever seeg ductnvktem jr nggkture. Nt ns k Dckss < prnjrnty pckgt, ngtegmem tj le erkmndktem jg k cjgi terh kgm tj le restrkngem tj _erj

Megsnty ks k sfjrt-terh ijkc, lut fjgestcy Nh rktfer mnskppjngtem, ks tfe pjpucktnjgs seeh tj ngdrekse yekr


17/23

Rkie ;9

ly yekr. N fkve seeg hkgy acjwerngi snzem pckgts kgm tfkts exkdtcy wfkt sfjucmgt fkve fkppegem ledkuse

ja tfe pckgtcets ajrhem jg tfe ngacjresdegdes kgm iettngi knrljrge tj le mnspersem jver ckrie kreks. Fuie

hjugms ja hkture pckgts kre kg ever-ckstngi sjurde ja tngy pckgtcets kgm tfereajre N kh rktfer s`eptndkc

kljut tfe suddess ja tfe Erkmndktnjg.

Drkssuck jrlnduckrnsCnggkeus ;954 PTjutf KarndkX ns k very pjpuckr pckgt fere ng Gew _ekckgm, jategsjcm ng Ikrmeg Degters ugmer mnaaeregt gkhes sudf ks Drkssuck rjsuckrnsFkwjrtf jrKejgnuh x fkwjrtfnn

kgm hksquerkmngi ng djccedtnjgs ugmer tfese gkhes ajr medkmes. Nt wks mnsdjverem jg \kgintjtj oustredegtcy ng ng

Kud`ckgm, lut R. O. me Ckgie fks djccedtem nt jgcy ng ;>>5 arjh k scnpwky ng \kgintjtj, irjwngi ks kikrmeg mnsdkrm jg sdjrnk lcjd`s. ]fe angmngi wks pulcnsfem ng R. L. Feegkgs ;>>> Dfed`cnst . Kppkregtcy

stncc very rkre, Drkssuck skrhegtjskns gjt djgsnmerem k tfrekt kgm ns gjt ngdcumem ng tfe durregt veietktnjg

djgtrjc prjirkh.

Drkssuck tetrkijgk Cnggkeus ;954 PTjutf KarndkX wks kcsj anrst hegtnjgem ng ;>5> ly Fekcy kgm fkvngi

gjw k wnme mnsperskc krek espednkccy jg djkstkc dcnaas gekr urlkg kreks, lut stkyngi ng shkcc guhlers,

hjstcy nsjcktem pckgts. ]fere kre oust very aew pckdes wfere nt ajrhs nhpjrtkgt pjpucktnjgs kgm jge ja

tfeh ns \kgintjtj Nsckgm. Jmm egjuif N fkvegt seeg tfe pckgt ng \kgintjtj, lut ng k rehjte kgm rkgmjh

pckde gjrtf ja Kud`ckgm lkd` ng


18/23

Rkie ;6

tfns pckgts geems tfe preaeregde ajr tfns type ja sulstrkte yju dkg see ng ductnvktnjg0 put k pckgt jg k fekp

ja vjcdkgnd rjd`s jr ng k drkd` ng k stjge wkcc kgm nt wncc tfrnve cnè gjwfere ecse.

Edfevernk dv. Tet-Jcnver Fjrt. fks kg ugdertkng stktus. ]fere ns gj ljtkgnd djccedtnjg jr ajrhkc

nmegtnandktnjg ja pckgts irjwngi jg \kgintjtj Nsckgm lut tfere ns k strjgi lecnea tfkt tfns pckgt ns presegtfere ks k ikrmeg esdkpe. Ks tfns jcm ikrmeg fylrnm ns extrehecy pjpuckr fere ng Gew _ekckgm N angm nt

tfrjuifjut pjssnlce.

Edfevernk huctndkucns\jse PHexndjXns kgjtfer pckgt wntf ugdertkng stktus0 nt wks anrst hegtnjgem ng ;>>9; ja k wncm irjwngi pckgt, wfndf ns lecnevem tj le Edfevernk huctndkucns kctfjuif tfe

ferlkrnuh spednheg ns gjt guhlerem kgm ajrhkccy nmegtnanem. D. O. Yell (;>>5) gjtes tfkt very aew pckgtswere jlservem dcjse tj kg jcm fjuse ng Nscngitjg Lky. Ugajrtugktecy N fkve gjt seeg nt kctfjuif N fkve

lrjwsem tfjrjuifcy ng tfns krek.

Edfevernk sedugmkY. L. Ljjtf ;646PHexndjX - shkcc irjups kre sdktterem ng mnaaeregt Gew _ekckgmcjdkcntnes jg ljtf hkojr nsckgms kgm ns repjrtemcy presegt ng snignandkgt guhlers ng \kgintjtj, kctfjuif N

fkvegt seeg nt. Nt ns k very pjpuckr pckgt fere, jge ja tfe anrst Edfevernk tj le usem ng ckgmsdkpngi, kgm ksveietktnve reprjmudtnjg ns very eksy cekas, steh arkihegts jr cjjse rjsettes kre rjjtngi kcc yekr rjugm na

tfe rnift djgmntnjgs kre inveg nt ns kdtukccy gj wjgmer tfkt tfe pckgt fks hkgkiem tj esdkpe ng gkture.]fere kre hkgy ferlkrnuh spednhegs djccedtem ng tnhe, lut F. F. Kcceg stktes tfkt tfere ns sjhe mjult

kljut tfe kutfegtndnty ja kcc djccedtnjgs, ngdcumngi sjhe ja \kgintjtj, hkgy ja tfe ekrcner djccedtnjgs lengidjgausem wntf Edfevernk eceikgs\jse PHexndjX. Kctfjuif gj Edfevernk eceikgs pjpucktnjg fks leeg

mjduhegtem ng Gew _ekckgm we dkggjt mnsdkrm djhpcetecy tfe stktehegt ja jge ja tfe pktrnkrdfs ja Gew_ekckgm Ljtkgy. Edfevernk eceikgs ajrhs lniier rjsettes, fks lniier kgm tfndèr cekves kgm ns hjre

ickudjus, lut tfese kre gjt dfkrkdternstnds tj le retrnevem arjh ferlkrnuh spednhegs.

Edfevernk setjsk\jse & Rurpus;>;2PHexndjX wks anrst hegtnjgem ng ;>>5 ks k rkre presegde jg tfe

nsckgm. Fjwever, tfns iegus ns prjlklcy oust k djcjurauc kgm sjhefjw exjtnd kmmntnjg tj tfe gktnve acjrk

kgm pjses gj rekc tfrekt kgm ns gjt ngdcumem ng kgy erkmndktnjg prjirkh. K sngice ;>>2 djccedtnjg ns `gjwg,

hkme ly Y. \. Tyès.

Temuh kdreCnggkeus ;954PEurjpeX wks hegtnjgem ng ;>2= ly Y. Y. Thntf kgm ns prjlklcy tfe hjst

wnme sprekm Temuhng Gew _ekckgm. Nt ns presegt kcsj jg \kgintjtj repjrtemcy ng ckrie guhlers, lut N fkve

tj kmhnt kikng tfkt N fkvegt seeg nt fere jr kgywfere ecse ng Gew _ekckgm. ]fe pckgt ns ngdjgsnstegtcy

hegtnjgem ks presegt ng \kgintjtj M. \. Inveg (;>6=) kgm Drkni O. Hnccer (;>>=) mj hegtnjg nt, lut gjt

Yjtferspjjg & Yjtferspjjg (5> ly Fekcy, Temuh kcluhns gjwg tj lepresegt ng \kgintjtj sngde M. \. Invegs ;>6= Dfed`cnst. N fkve seeg tfns pckgt jg ckrie kreks ng \kgintjtj,

kppkregtcy mnspersngi arjh kg jcm klkgmjgem lktdf ng Nscngitjg Lky0 cnterkccy fugmrems ja pckgts irjwngikhjgi Drkssuck huctndkvkseeh tj fkve leeg mnspersem arjh wfkt usem tj le k ljrmer strnp kcc jver tfe

pktf snmes sjutfljugm jg tfe eksterg trkd`, ajrhngi arjh pckde tj pckde cjvecy dcuhps. Hjst ja tfe pckgts Nfkve seeg (acjwerngi kt tfe tnhe ja hy sedjgm trnp tj \kgintjtj) were irjwngi mnredtcy jg tfe ckvk lcjd`s

wfere cndfegs were kcrekmy presegt kgm very expjsem tj sugcnift, invngi tfereajre k yeccjw-remmnsf tngt tjtfe pcuhp sudducegt cekves. Yjtfersjpjjg (


19/23

Rkie ;>

Temuh ajrsternkguh D. K. Thntf ;626 PEurjpeX ns sdktterem ng severkc cjdkcntnes ng Kud`ckgm krek,ngdcumngi Fkurk`n Iuca nsckgms sudf ks Cnttce Lkrrner Nsckgm kgm \kgintjtj. Leever fks mjge tfe anrst

djccedtnjg lkd` ng ;>96 ng Cnttce Lkrrner Nsckgm lut tfe anrst kddjugt ja tfns angmngi kppekrem ;2 yekrs ckter,

ng vjc. = ja Acjrk ja Gew _ekckgm, kgm ng D. O. Yells ;>6> Dfed`cnst. Nt fks leeg djgausem severkc

tnhes wntf Temuh reacexuhng Gew _ekckgm ks sjhe ja tfe mnstngiunsfngi dfkrkdters kre evnmegt oust jgcnvngi hkternkc kgm dkggjt le preservem ng ferlkrnuh spednhegs. N fkvegt seeg nt kgm nt ns gjt hegtnjgem

ly Yjtferspjjg & Yjtferspjjg (=).


20/23

Rkie >PHexndjX ns hegtnjgem ly Mkvnm \. Inveg (;>6=) ks lengi presegt jgcy

jg tfe Tjutf Nsckgm (Fektfdjte Dfrnstdfurdf), lut tfns gkhe pjps up gjw very surprnsngicy ng

Yjtferspjjg & Yjtferspjjg (5> Fekcy

kcrekmy `gew ja nts extegsnve djcjgnes ajrhem ng ljtf hkojr nsckgms. Nt ns qunte djhhjg jg \kgintjtjNsckgm, wfere N fkve seeg hjre jr cess nsjcktem pckgts sdktterem kcc tfe wky arjh Nscngitjg Lky wfkra

sjutfljugm jg tfe djkstkc trkd` ugtnc nt cekves tfe sfjre tj drjss tfe lusf ckgm tj \kgintjtj wfkra.


21/23

Rkie 5> lut wks kcrekmy `gjwg

arjh k ;>5= Jtkij djccedtnjg. Kppkregtcy nt fks sprekm sngde, kgm ng M. \. Inveg (;>6=) redjrms tfe sedjgm

mnstrnlutnjg krek ng Iuca Fkurk`n (Kud`ckgm) jg severkc nsckgms ngdcumngi \kgintjtj Nsckgm kgm Cnttce

Lkrrner Nsckgm. Nt ns kgjtfer klugmkgtcy estklcnsfem Temuhirjwngi jg rjd`y jutdrjps kgm djkstkc dcnaas. Nt

ns hegtnjgem ly Drkni O. Hnccer (;>>=) lut gjt ly Yjtferspjjg & Yjtferspjjg (


22/23

Rkie = ;>>1 (Gew _ekckgm

Ojurgkc ja Ljtkgy, Qjc. 41, ;>>6)0

R. L. Feegkg & kc. Dfed`cnst ja Mndjtycemjgs, Iyhgjsperhs kgm Rternmjpfytes Gkturkcnzem jr Dksukc ng Gew _ekckgm? Kmmntnjgkc \edjrms ;>>9 ;>>6

(Gew _ekckgm Ojurgkc ja Ljtkgy, Qjc. 49, ;>>>)0

R. L. Feegkg & kc. Dfed`cnst ja Mndjtycemjgs, Iyhgjsperhs kgm Rternmjpfytes Gkturkcnzem jr Dksukc ng Gew _ekckgm? Kmmntnjgkc \edjrms ;>>> >5)0

T.F. Yjtferspjjg & O.K. Yjtferspjjg ]fe Evjcutnjg kgm Exedutnjg ja k Rckg ajr Ngvksnve Yeem Erkmndktnjg kgm Djgtrjc, \kgintjtj Nsckgm, Fkurk`n

Iuca, Gew _ekckgm (dk.


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Rkie

Date post:	03-Jun-2018
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Eduart Zimer - (SDU) - Adventive Plants - Part 4 (2008)

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