EDUC 5105: Technology Diffusion in EducationErica Sanders, Katherine Marconato, Jaclyn

Calder and Safia Dakri

• Introduction and Survey Results

• Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) Overview and activity

• Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition (SAMR) Overview and Activity

• Technology, Pedagogy, Content, Knowledge (TPCK) Overview and Activity

• Conclusion, Discussion, Questions

Tonight's Presentation

How far have we come?

How far have we come?

We Agree! A few results from the surveys

• 100% said they agree or strongly agree that individuals respond to change in various ways

• 90% said they agree or strongly agree to the statement: Taking time to reflect on new practices is an important part of the change process

• 90% said they agree or strongly agree to the statement: Change is a process that takes time.

• 90% said they agree or strongly agree that they have seen resistance to change (specific to technology) in their workplace

Interesting...

Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)Developed by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975)

Theory of Reasoned Action: defines the links between beliefs, attitudes, norms, intentions, and behaviors of individuals

Behavioural Intention = Attitudes + Subject Norms

Model from Davis, Bagozzi et Warshaw (1989)

Developed by Davis (1986)

Purpose: to predict the acceptability of a tool and to identify the modifications which must be brought to the system in order to make it acceptable to users.

Determined by 2 main factors:Perceived usefulness: the degree to which a person believes

that the use of a system will improve his/her performancePerceived ease of use: the degree to which a person believes

that the use of a system will be effortless

Increase in Self Efficacy

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

Technology Acceptance Model

From Davis, Bagozzi et Warshaw (1989)

Adding Contextual Specificity

From McFarland & Hamilton (2006)

TAM Activity

As a large group discussion we are going to brainstorm a list of technologies used in education and discuss them based on the TAM model.

Is there a perceived need in your workplace?

What is perceived ease of use in your workplace?

SAMR Model - Introduction

Ruben Puentedura's (2006) model for enhancing technology integration and understanding the level of implementation required from them.

SAMR Model - Stages Defined

Image Source: http://langwitches.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/SAMR-Model.jpg

Technology enhances the learning that is taking place with elements to help improve the level of task, minor enhacements allows for easier use and facilitates task completion.

Technology transforms the learning that is taking place because there is more participative learning taking place and the learners are more engaged

SAMR - Examples

SMAR: Guiding Questions

• Substitutiono What is there to gain?

• Substitution to Augmentation: o Have I added a feature to the task the process that couldn’t be done

otherwise? o How does the feature contribute to the enhancement of learning?

• Augmentation to Modificationo How is the original task being modified?o Does modification depend on new technology?o How does modification continue to the transformation of learning?

• Modification to Redefinitiono What is the new task?o Have the task been replaced or supplemented?o How is it uniquely made possible by technology?

SAMR Activity

Using the SMAR model and the guided questions, discuss how technology has been adapted in your work or learning during each stage of SMAR or how it could be.

You may choose to talk about one scenario at all levels or different situations that apply to each one of the levels.

In breakout rooms:

SAMR & Apps

Poster source: http://appsineducation.blogspot.ca/2012/11/samr-model-apps-poster.html by Swanson

TPCK Model

Reproduced by permission of the publisher, © 2012 by tpack.org

Tries to explain the knowledge required by

teachers

TKPKCK

TPKPCKTCK

TPACK

www.tpack.org

TPCK Activity

At the link below, put examples of knowledge a teacher would need to have to plan a good unit of study on sustainable ecosystems for a gr 9 science class.

- pink sticky = TK (tech)- blue sticky = CK (content)- yellow sticky = PK (pedagogical)

*green sticky - if you have any links, articles, resources re: TPACK to share

http://linoit.com/users/jaccalder/canvases/educ5105

Overview

Everyone has their own way of accepting and adopting new technologies.

Experience, attitude, and task role all play into how and why we use specific technologies.

TAM, SAMR, and TPCK models try to explain or predict adoption of technology

These models describe complementary views for each other. Questions, Ideas, Comments?

Consolidating Your Learning

Please complete the following task:

1.This week we would like you to write a blog post that describes a situation you have experienced that one of the models could be applied to. How does your situation fit into the specific model? Now that you know about the model do you see the situation from a new perspective in a positive or negative way? Explain.

• Don’t forget to tweet about your post so we can create conversations around your blog posts!

ReferencesEductech Wiki. (2012). Technology Acceptance Model. Retrieved from

http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Technology_acceptance_model

Edutech Wiki. (2006). Theory of Reasoned Action Model. Retrieved from http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Theory_of_reasoned_action

Furneaux, B. (2006). Theories Used in Research: Technology Acceptance Model. York University. Retrieved fromhttp://www.istheory.yorku.ca/Technologyacceptancemodel.htm

Puentedura, Ruben. Webblog. http://www.hippasus.com/rrpweblog/

Puentedura, R. (2006). Transformatiom, Technology, and Education. Presentation given August 18, 2006 as part of the Strengthening Your District Through Technology workshops, Maine, US. Retrieved from http://hippasus.com/resources/tte/part1.html.

Puentedura, R. (2011): Thinking About Change in Learning and Technology. Presentation given September 25, 2012 at the 1st Global Mobile Learning Conference, Al Ain, UAE. Retrieved from http://www.hippasus.com/rrpweblog/archives/2012/04/10/iPad_Intro.pdf.

Quick Links:

• http://www.istheory.yorku.ca/Technologyacceptancemodel.htm (TAM)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_acceptance_model (TAM)

• http://msad75summertechnologyinstitute.wordpress.com/beyond-substitution/ (SAMR)

• http://www.educatorstechnology.com/2012/12/ipad-apps-classified-by-samr-model.html (SAMR)

• http://www.tpack.org (TPK)