Education

Presented By: Muhammad Haroon Afaq Ahmed

Contents

Introduction Role of private sector Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of

education Literacy Educational Institutions Comparative Analysis of Expenditure on

education Higher Education Commission Education survey

Introduction

Education is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills and habits of group of people are transferred through teaching, training, or research.

Social instrument Article 25-A constitution of Pakistan, the

state should provide free and compulsory education to all the children between 5 & 16 years of age.

Role of private sector

In rural areas, 74% students attend public schools while 26% attend private schools.

In urban areas, 41% go to public schools while 59% students attend private schools.

some Corrective measures are needed to encourage

private sector which can be beneficial in increasing the number of students’ enrollment as well as, can create a competition among public and private educational institutions

Millennium development goals of development(MDGs) of education

The Government of Pakistan is fully committed towards the achievement of the MDGs Goal 2 and Goal 3 which focus towards development of education

Goal 2: To Achieve Universal Primary Education

(UPE) Target: MDG 2 aims to achieve 100 percent

primary school enrolment, 100 percent completion of education from grades 1-5 and an 88 percent overall literacy rate. The target is aimed to be achieved by 2015

Progress toward MDGs goal 2 at National Level

Indicator 1990-91(bench mark)

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

MDG Target 2015

Net primary Enrolment ratio(5-9 yrs)

46 56 57 57 100

Completion/survival rate Grade 1 to 5

50 49 50 - 100

Literacy Rate(%) 35 58 58 60 88

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Net primary En-rolment ratio(5-9 yrs)Comlpetion/survival rateLiteracy rate

Goal 3: Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment

MDG 3 promotes gender equality in education and aims to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education

It focus on challenges faced by women in three major areas; education, employment and political participation

Indicator 1990-91 (Bench Mark)

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 MDG Target 2015

Primary Education (Age 5-9 Years)

0.73 0.88 0.90 0.89 1.00

Secondary Education (Age 14-15 Years)

n/a 0.85 0.81 0.89 0.94

Youth Literacy (Age 15 years and above)

0.51 0.63 0.81 0.82 1.00

Targets & achievements of Youth Literacy

1990-91 2010-11 2011-12 2012-130

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.51

0.63

0.81 0.82

Literacy rate

Literacy rate

Literacy rate

Literacy is traditionally understood as the ability to read and write

Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) Survey 2012-13, the literacy rate of the population (10 years and above) is 60% as compared to 58 % in 2011-12

Literacy is higher in urban areas than in rural areas and much higher

Literacy Rate (10 Years and Above)-Pakistan and Provinces

Province 2011-12 2012-2013

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Punjab 70 51 60 71 54 62

Sindh 72 47 60 72 47 60

KPK 72 35 52 72 35 52

Balochistan 65 23 46 62 23 44

Graph representation

Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Male

Female

Primary Enrolment Rates

Gross Enrolment Rates referred to the participation rate of children attending primary schools divided by the number of children aged 5 to 9 years

Punjab remained stable with Primary level GER at 98%; Sindh showed improvement to 81%and KPK also improved to 91% in 2012-13 while Baluchistan also witnessed improvement to 73 percent in 2012-13

Table representation of GER(Gross enrolment ratio)

Province

2011-12 2012-2013

Male Female Total Male Female Total

Punjab 103 93 98 102 94 98

Sindh 87 71 79 89 71 81

KPK 99 78 89 103 78 91

Balochistan

86 49 69 91 52 73

Graphic representation of GER(Gross enrolment ratio)

Punjab Sindh KPK Baluchistan0

20

40

60

80

100

120

MaleFemale

Comparative Analysis of Expenditure on Education

Education plays a vital role and has a cross cutting impact on all aspects of human life

public expenditure on education as percentage of GDP is lowest in Pakistan

Maldives has high literacy rate as it spends more than among SAARC region

9th position in terms of expenditure on education amongst the South Asian countries

Comparison Of Public Sector Spending on Education

Country Public Sector Spending( As % of GDP)

Literacy Rates in (%)

Bangladesh 2.4 59.8

Bhutan 4.8 52.0

India 3.1 73.8

Iran 4.7 85.0

Maldives 11.2 99.0

Nepal 4.6 66.0

Pakistan 2.0 60.0

Srilanka 2.6 91.2

2007-08

2008-9

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-2013

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

Expenditure on public sector % GNI

Expenditure on pub-lic sector % GNI

Higher Education Commission

HEC has focused on improving access to quality higher education

Provided access to quality education; upgraded teaching & research labs, provided merit and need based home-grown and foreign scholarship to the talented youth and free access to scientific literature through digital library.

3 Universities in top 200, while 7 lies in top 250.

Enhancement of Access to Quality Education

To significantly increase enrolment in undergraduate and postgraduate degree

programmes To provide opportunities for higher

education to talented students regardless of gender or socioeconomic background

To support quality distance education

Numbers of degree awarding Institutions

year Public Private Total Student Enrollment

2008-09 70 57 98 803,507

2012-13 87 66 79 1,080.00

2013-14 87 69 89 1,230,000