EESAP4 Landeta Manzano, Beñat

BEÑAT LANDETA MANZANO GERMÁN ARANA LANDÍN

PATXI RUÍZ DE ARBULO PABLO DÍAZ DE BASURTO

4th European Conference on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in Architecture and Planning 1-3 July 2013 Donostia - San Sebastián

MOTIVATIONS AND RESULTS FOR THE ADOPTION OF THE ISO 14006 ECODESIGN STANDARD IN THE BUILDING SECTOR

Departamento de Organización de Empresas


1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE STANDARD ISO 14006:2011

3. ECO-DESIGN STANDARD ISO 14006 DIFUSSION

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5. CASE ANALYSIS: Adoption of ISO 14006 standard by LKS

6. RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS

I N D E X

Tremendous growth in the number of adoptions of different environmental management standards.

Spain holds the 4th place in the global ranking of countries with the highest number of certifications under ISO 14001, but it is the 1st in terms of relativized with respect to its economic dimension.

In the field of eco-design, AENOR published the ecodesign standard UNE 150301 in 2003. Years after, in 2011 it was published the international ecodesign standard ISO 14006.

It goes beyond other environmental standards such as: ISO 14040, ISO/TR 14062, ISO 14001...

It provides to the organizations with the elements of an Environmental Management System (EMS) so that the process of design and development of products and/or services will be effective, also from the environmental point of view.

A great diffusion in the building sector in general and in particular in architecture firms.

For these reasons, the aim of this paper is to analyze the motivations, the implementation process and the results of this standard in architecture firms.

1. INTRODUCTION



ISO 14006 is a guide for the organizations that wish to incorporate environmental considerations into the design process and product development, taking into account the influence or control that the organization may have on it, and also want to integrate this process into its EMS.

The structure, terminology and requirements of ISO 14006 are based on ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, for easy integration with the Quality and Environmental Management Systems in organizations.


ISO 14006

ISO 9001 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

DESIGN

ENVIRONMENT Relates the following areas of knowledge of

ecodesign: environment, design and management systems, and associated documents, so that they can establish processes and procedures for implementing eco-design in an EMS.


The first three sections of the Standard are common in management system standards.

Chapter 4 focuses on the crucial role to be played by top management to establish a systematic and structured approach for implementing ecodesign guidelines in the EMS of the organization.

Chapter 5, in sections 5.2 to 5.6, guidelines for treating ecodesign as part of an EMS in line with the structure of ISO 14001 are provided.

Paragraph 5.4.6 focuses on the activities of product design and development of an organization (method described in paragraph 7.3 of ISO 9001:2008, and completed with specific guidelines related to ecodesign).

Chapter 6 of the standard it is described how to incorporate ecodesign into the design and development process: the way to identify, monitor and continuously improve the environmental aspects of all organizing products.




A C T ( A ) CORRECTIVE ACTION (5.5 Y 5.6):

NONCONFORMITY, CORRECTIVE ACTION AND PREVENTIVE ACTION (5.5.3)

MANAGEMENT REVIEW (5.6)

P L A N ( P ) PLANNING (5.2. Y 5.3):

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (5.2) ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS (5.3.1)

LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS (5.3.2) OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND PROGRAMMS

(5.3.3)

D O ( D ) IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION (5.4):

RESOURCES, ROLES, RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY (5.4.1) COMPETENCE, TRAINING AND AWARENESS (5.4.2)

COMMUNICATION (5.4.3) DOCUMENTATION (5.4.4)

CONTROL OF DOCUMENTS (5.4.5) EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE (5.4.7)

OPERATIONAL CONTROL (5.4.6)

C H E C K ( C ) CHECKING (5.5):

MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT (5.5.1) EVALUATION OF COMPLIANCE (5.5.2)

CONTROL OF RECORDS (5.5.4) INTERNAL AUDIT (5.5.5)

CONTROL OF CHANGES (5.4.6.8)

PLANNING (5.4.6.2)

INPUTS (5.4.6.3)

OUTPUTS (5.4.6.4) REVIEW (5.4.6.5)

VERIFICATION (5.4.6.6) VALIDATION (5.4.6.7)

3. ISO 14006 ECO-DESIGN STANDARD DIFUSSION

In March 2013, there were 178 Spanish organizations certified, and 142 out of them were in the building sector.


0 20 40 60 80 100

Castilla - La Mancha

Cantabria

Canary Islands

Andalusia

Valencia

Rioja

Asturias

Castile and León

Madrid

Navarre

Catalonia

Basque Country

1

1

1

2

4

4

6

8

15

18

31

90

0 50 100 150

Industrial Design

Chemical

Capital goods

Technological center

Electric/electronic

Furnishing

Building

1

3

3

4

6

18

142

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Qualitative methodology based on a case study. Gives insight into the process of the adoption of the standard, and better

understanding of the nature of the phenomenon to be studied (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 2003). The study was conducted between January 2009 and March 2013. A sequence of in-depth semi-structured interviews with managers and specialists

within the 9 organizations (Hirilan, LKS, MAAB, Oneka Architecture, Ramon Ruiz Cuevas Architects, Ache Architecture, Toledo Taldea and Gausark), following variable guiding notes according to the case study, but maintaining common patterns (Eisenhardt, 1989).


5. CASE ANALYSIS: LKS Ingeniería, S.Coop.

By size and turnover, the largest services and building engineering ISO 14006 certified company in Spain.

About 1,050 people on staff and generates an annual turnover of approximately 70 million Euros.

Operates in the national and international market, with presence in: Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Mexico, France, Colombia, Uruguay, India and China.

The LKS group is integrated into the Mondragon Corporation, which is currently the leading business group in the Basque Autonomous Community and the 7th in Spain.

Achieved in 1998 ISO 9001 certification, its first management system certificate .

In 2001 withdrew the ISO 9001 certification: disagreements with the audit team and the limited commercial success that involved having the certificate.

Years after, it was re-established and certified a working methodology based on the process management according to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.

The Management System was completed with the inclusion of Ecodesign Management System according to UNE 150301 standard in 2009.



It was relatively simple, because of the boost of the top management and the previous work done on the environment by the Sustainability Committee.

At first, standard instructions were applied to residential projects and a year later all other ecodesign projects began to follow the standard, with the exception of industrial buildings (they usually are very basic projects).

1st the most significant environmental aspects for each phase of the life cycle of the building are identified in the design and development phase.

2nd the potential impacts are evaluated based on their criticality and magnitude, following criteria in the literature on the subject.

3rd based on the most significant environmental impacts, improvement targets are set.


The project manager determines the environmental improvement actions undertaken, with the help of a database created by the Sustainability Committee, which sets out the characteristics of the environmental behavior of materials, and ECOTEC simulation software for thermal performance of the building in the use phase.



The 1st project ecodesigned following the Standard, was a project for the construction of subsidized 84 housing in Salburua (Vitoria-Gasteiz). It is a building of 6 floors, an attic and a basement of two levels. The basement is for

parking and storage, the facilities downstairs are for a tertiary use and storage, and the other floors and the attic were built for residential use.


LKS's proposal was to raise a single volume aligned in one of its fronts and one of its sides with public roads. 1. In a first phase, the environmental

aspects were identified and evaluated (see next table).

First ecodesigned project according to ISO 14006



ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT MAGNITUDE LEVEL OF RELEVANCE SIGNIFIC. (>15)

CRITERIA M CRITERIA C M x C Extraction and manufacture of products used

Consumption of raw material Sc=12.907m2 5 1) Buried walls. 2) Deck: lam. Imp. Asp.+ isol. 3) Facade: EPS isolation

3 15

Power Consumption Sc=12.9070m2 5 50 years of useful life 3 15 Execution of the works Power Consumption Earthworks = 13.027m3 3 Gravel + Soft rock 4 12

Water Consumption Two conditions are met: 1) Soaking of certain materials. 2) Composition of some products.

3 Pluviometric zone III (see Spanish TBC) 3 9

Emissions to the atmosphere Land transport offsite necessary. 3 Climatic zone B (see Spanish TBC) 3 9

Noise emission New construction with excavation >1000m3 4 No noise map of the new development 3 12

Waste generation There is surplus land excavation 3 Construction waste with traces of lead: Pb, Hg o PCB. Waste construction machinery and HVAC equipment. 3 9

Use and Maintenance Power Consumption Residential. Block of flats. 4 Climatic zone D1 4 16 Water Consumption Resident. Block of flats with no garden 3 Pluviometric zone III 3 9 Emissions to the atmosphere Residential. Block of flats. 4 Climatic zone D1 4 16 Wastewater discharge Residential architecture 5 Separative municipal network 1 5

Noise emission Residential 1 Sectors of the territory with predominantly residential areas 2 2

Visual impact Volume above ground =30.000m3 5 Height or volume equal or similar to the surroundings 1 5 Land used NOT EVALUATED Biodiversity Size the land =1861m2 2 Urban land without environmental value 1 2 End of life Power Consumption Building volume =39.223m3 2 >80% traditional construction 5 10 Waste generation Building volume =39.223m3 2 >80% traditional construction 5 10 Noise emission >80% traditional construction 5 No noise map of the new development 3 15


2. From the evaluation shown in the previous table, a set of indicators to achieve the objectives was developed.

3. An action plan was developed to achieve these objectives which defined the strategies and measures to be adopted, as shown in the next table.

4. In this action plan, the decision to include water consumption was taken as a significant aspect, as both LKS and the client felt that this aspect is highly relevant, although initial estimates were not significant.

The most important objectives of the plan focused on the following assumptions:

Reducing consumption of raw materials.

Reducing energy consumption and air emissions.

Reducing water consumption.




PHASE / OBJECTIVES MINING AND MANUFACTURING OF PRODUCTS ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION Strategy: Preference for the construction techniques associated with lower energy consumption.

Environmental measures: Reducing consumption of raw materials. Preference for the use of concrete structures against the steel ones.

PHASE / OBJECTIVE USE AND MAINTENANCE A 20% REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION + U3. A 20% REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS TO ATMOSPHERE 20

Passive strategy 1: Carry out a bioclimatic design to improve the thermal envelope and reduce building energy demand in winter. Environmental measures: Reduction of thermal transmittances facades regarding the minimum established in the document DB-HE-1 of the TBC. Installing a green roof that regulates the microclimate, attenuating ambient noise, and reduces the thermal transmittance Adding Moniflex thermal insulation system and U-Glass windows with thermal break in common areas. Installation of blinds with thermal insulation on facades north / south / east and adjustable blinds on the west facade. Making greenhouses on the south facade using a coating of dark finishes and high thermal inertia sensors that act as passive solar heat in winter.

Passive strategy 2: Carry out a bioclimatic design to increase comfort in summer. (There are no air conditioners, and thus do not increase the power consumption of the building). Environmental measures: Protection of the holes of the south facade to prevent solar radiation in the warmer months. Incorporating shading systems using blinds to regulate the intensity of solar radiation entering the house. In west orientation will be installed adjustable blinds. Cooling of dwellings through natural cross ventilation. Incorporating courtyards to the building design. Green roof. Cooling dwellings with south facade through greenhouses.

Passive strategy 3: Natural light. Environmental measures: Optimization of natural light in public areas.



PHASE / OBJECTIVE USE AND MAINTENANCE A 20% REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION + U3. A 20% REDUCTION OF EMISSIONS TO ATMOSPHERE 20

Active strategy 1: Efficient facilities 1. Reducing power consumption. Environmental measures: Saving luminaries with electronic ballast in public areas. Motion detectors in public areas. Independence of electrical circuits in public areas and stairs every two floors.

Active strategy 2: Efficient installations 2. Reducing gas consumption and emissions to the atmosphere of sanitary Hot Water (SHW) and heating systems. Environmental measures: Centralized heat production systems. High-efficiency boilers with water-gas exchanger. Individual meters per dwelling for hot water and heating. Using a programmable thermostat per dwelling. Thermostatic radiator valves. Production with solar collectors above the requirements of the TCB. Thermostatic bathroom fittings in bath and shower. Pre-installation of bi-thermal appliances.

Strategy: Improve the efficiency of the uptake and water consumption Environmental measures: Extensive green roof with minimal water consumption. Rainwater harvesting for irrigation of the roof by a tank. Thermostatic taps with aerators. Dual flush toilets.

PHASE / OBJECTIVE END OF LIFE POTENTIAL IMPACT REDUCTION ON THE END OF LIFE Strategy: Promote a standardized and industrialized construction, which will allow the deconstruction of the building facing

the traditional demolition. Environmental measures: Building facades lighter than traditional ones: a single sheet with precast concrete panels. Reducing the number of partitions inside the houses, and the lightening of the partitions.


It has increased the number of tasks and, therefore, the costs in the design phase.

More sustainable building solutions in the project phase slightly increases the cost of buildings, mainly due to the active measures and the passive measures to save energy.

In the case of private developers of residential buildings, the ecodesign measures taken are usually the minimum required by the TBC and must not involve an extra cost.

The application of ecodesign criteria has not served to achieve new customers, in specific cases it has contributed to their loyalty.

Public institutions seem slightly more sensitive to environmental issues. However, they have not shown a clear determination to boost ecodesign as a tool for sustainable development in the building sector.


Results of the adoption process. DRAWBACKS


Estimated cost savings justifies the adoption of these measures in the use and maintenance phase of the building.

It has been useful as a basis to achieve various sustainable performance of building Certification Systems, such as LEED and BREEAM.

The integration of ecodesign in the process map of the management system has meant less effort in meeting environmental specifications in public procurement tenders, and has contributed to improve the operational management of design and development of buildings.

Since that initial experience, LKS has focused part of its efforts to train technicians and engineers in ecodesign and bioclimatic architecture.

It is more satisfying than other standards, because the results are more visible, not only in terms of profitability for the organization, but also in terms of staff satisfaction related to the benefits of their actions on the environment and society.

Despite some drawbacks, in LKS are satisfied: “it launched the company in the direction we wanted to go“. The path to a sustainable business model.


Results of the adoption process. BENEFITS



The main motivation of arquitecture firms has been to seek a differentiator that allows them primarily to improve their position in public procurement.

Another motivation was the need for a methodology to reduce the very high environmental impact of the building projects.

The firms think that the possibilities of reducing the environmental impact on the development phase of the project are very high and most believed that the Standard can be a valid tool to achieve this goal.

In general, the key environmental benefits obtained are mainly related to the reduction of energy and water consumption at all stages of the life cycle.

In all cases it was noted that one of the main problem was related to the approval of their proposals by the customers.

The cost reduction of the building process is essential. Nevertheless, if measures to reduce the environmental impact involve increased costs in the design phase, these measures are often rejected by the client.



Another major difficulty is the lack of environmental information on the materials used in the building process, which makes it very difficult to identify and to evaluate the environmental impacts.

Public institutions should be more involved and encourage the preservation of the environment and improve the environmental performance of enterprises and products and/or services they offer.

If the measures to improve the environmental sustainability are implemented with delay, it reduces the competitiveness of companies that do more for environmental sustainability, and it also results in higher adaptation indirect costs and the use of unsustainable buildings.

This situation and the fact that the ecodesign standard is not intended for certification purposes, makes of the architecture firms think that ISO 14006 has an uncertain future.

Above all, firms are satisfied and consider the adoption of the Standard has helped them improve their competitive position.


THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION


4th European Conference on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability in Architecture and Planning 1-3 July 2013 Donostia - San Sebastián

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