Effects of Industrialization – Patterns of Change

Unit Enduring Understandings2. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th

centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today.

5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems.

Agenda – 1. Review p2 and 3 to make sure that we all analyze charts and graphs

correctly2. Read p 4 – answer: how does this excerpt illustrate the social,

economic and geographical impact of the industrial revolution3. Develop understanding of geographical (demographic) impact of

industrial revolution – complete p 6 and 74. complete p5 to organize our understanding of the social,

demographic and environmental effects of the industrial revolution.

IndustrializationMain Idea: The industrialization of agriculture, textiles and

transportation greatly improved the overall economy of Great Britain.

Basic economic statistics – France v Britain1. France increased its agriculture by more index points than UK, 77 to 432. But total economic production was much greater in UK – 151 index points to 102 index

points3. Britain had higher per person income growth4. Britain had much higher industrial growth, 600 points to 3875. Britain had higher overall growth: industry, total production and per person income all

noticeably higher than France.

Growth of the Cotton industry: Reading Graphs1. A. 10,000 UK spindles; B. 6,000 in France and 6,000 in Russia2. A. Britain had biggest increase from ‘34 to ‘61 and France had a decrease from 1861-1877Part II 1. France produced more cotton than Russia in ’342. Cannot be supported by graph data since the graph does not show quality, only quantity3. Britain did have overall cotton capacity increase from 1834 to 19044. Cannot be supported by graph data since data do not show number of people employed5. UK cotton of 10,000 was more than 3,000 in France and 1,000 in Russia

IndustrializationMain Idea: The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of benefits and problems.

A Changing Way of Life Industrialization leads to economic growth

and urbanization—city building and the movement

of people to cities Because they grew quickly, cities were not

ideal places to live—overcrowded, dirty, open sewers, dirty water, difficult to find good housing, schools, or police protection, etc.

Upper—large landowners and aristocrats, resentful of rich middle class

Upper middle—entrepreneurs (merchants, factory owners, shippers)

Lower middle—factory overseers/skilled workers

Lower/working—factory workers, urban poor, etc.

Social Class Structure

Working Conditions Days are long Factories are seldom

well-lit or clean Machines pose a

threat to safety of the worker

Child labor is a problem

THERE’S ALWAYS ONE…

• Resistance forms against industrialization

• LUDDITES ARE BIGGEST GROUP– Named for “Ned Ludd”

– People attack modern machines

– Government forced to combat problem

Effects of Industrialization – Patterns of Change and the spread of industrialization

Unit Enduring Understandings2. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th

centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today.

5. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems.

Agenda – 1. Review p5 to organize our understanding of the social, demographic

and environmental effects of the industrial revolution.2. Read and complete p 8 and 9 about the impact of industrialization on

workers and urban dwellers. Did all people have the same experiences during the industrial revolution? Why? What evidence supports your perception about the universality of the impact of the industrial revolution?

3. Complete p 10 about how and why industrialization spread and affected the rest of the world.

4. Draw a cartoon of industrialization and its positive and negative effects.

Patterns of Change: IndustrializationChanges IR caused on these types of people

1. Poor City Dwellers – Due to no plans for how cities should grow, no sanitary codes nor building regulations to control rampant growth, the poor lacked adequate housing and many were forced to live in dark, filthy, unhealthy and unsafe conditions

2. Factory workers – because factory owners’ purpose was to maximize profits, they wanted to keep machines running and to keep factory costs down. This caused workers to work long hours for very low wages, often under dangerous and unhealthy conditions. Later working conditions and standards of living improved.

3. Wealthy Merchants – Gained wealth, social status, greatly improved living standards and joined the ranks of the upper middle class of professional

Patterns of Change: IndustrializationChanges IR caused on these types of people

4. Children – Due to no laws, and the need that families had for income, children as young as 6 worked dangerous jobs in factories and mines. Later, child labor laws partially reformed the factory system

5. Lower middle class of factory overseers and skilled workers– enjoyed an increased and comfortable standard of living.

6. Large landowners and landed aristocracy – were disdainful and unhappy that their economic and social positions were challenged by the upstarts of the industry class of factory owners, investors and merchants.

7. The environment was terribly polluted with human waste, manufacturing by-products and the air was polluted by smoke and soot.

8. Education expanded dramatically with the need for more skilled workers to design, build, install and maintain the machines.

• “Meanwhile, at social Industry's command, How quick, how vast an increase. From the germ Of some poor hamlet, rapidly produced Here a huge town, continuous and compact, Hiding the face of earth for leagues-and there, Where not a habitation stood before, Abodes of men irregularly massed Like trees in forests,-spread through spacious tracts, O'er which the smoke of unremitting fires Hangs permanent, and plentiful as wreaths Of vapour glittering in the morning sun. And, wheresoe'er the traveller turns his steps, He sees the barren wilderness erased, Or disappearing…” –William Wordsworth

Impact of IR Increased the amount of goods and

services a nation could produce and added to its wealth

Created jobs for workers and (eventually) raised the standard of living

Fostered technological invention and progressProgress……?

Progress…? As the Industrial Revolution changes society, some grow

wealthy while others experience significant hardship Such differences lead to tension between the social

classes A new class emerges wealthy middle class

A big problem arises: who and how should the issues of cities, transportation, health issues, and wealth and class disparities be solved?

What do you think…?Who should have the responsibility or obligation to assist those who

are poor, disabled, and/or sick?

Realist Literature“It was a town of red brick, or of brick that would have

been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood it was a town of unnatural red and black

like the painted savage. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable serpents

of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, and never got uncoiled. It had a black canal in it, and a river

that ran purple with ill-smelling dye…”

--Charles Dickens, Hard Times

Industrialization Spreads and Leads to an Age of Reform

Continental Europe At first, war and unrest in Europe delay

the growth of industry (i.e., French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars)

Industrialization would often occur in a given region rather than throughout an entire country, as in Britain’s case

Not all countries had the necessary resources or factors of production

Worldwide Impact The Industrial Revolution widens the

gap between more-developed and less-developed nations

Industrialized countries exploit overseas colonies for resources and markets (basis for imperialism)

Over time, standards of living rise in the industrial nations

An Age of ReformsMain Idea: The Industrial Revolution led to

economic, social, and political reforms.

Differing Philosophies The Industrial Revolution changes

the structure of society, opening up a gap between rich and poor

New philosophies emerge regarding the role of the government in an industrialized society

Differing Philosophies Laissez-faire thinkers

(Adam Smith) support a free market and oppose government regulation

These ideas are the basis for capitalism

Other thinkers oppose laissez-faire policies and favor government efforts to improve people’s lives

Rise of Socialism Reformers sought the

establishment of a new economic system called socialism

In socialism, the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

Socialists believe the government should actively plan the economy and promote equality between all people

Rock, Paper, Scissors! Do not eat the candy until you

are told to do so Each time you lose a game

you must give up a piece of candy to the person who defeated you

When you run out of candy you must sit down and quietly wait for the game to finish

You must continue to play as long as you have candy in your possession

Classroom Activity: Rock, Paper, Scissors Game

Historical Information: Marxist Theory

Capitalism Students have their own candy, and not everyone starts

with the same number of pieces. As students play the

game, a few win lots of pieces, but most lose.

Individuals privately own industry. Freedom of

competition results in unequal economic classes.

Class Struggle Winners and losers argue about whether the game is

fair. Losers vote to change the rules of the game.

Upper and working class struggle over wealth. Working class revolts and takes control

of government.

Socialism The teacher collects all pieces of candy and redistributes them equally to students.

Government takes over ownership of industry. Wealth created is distributed equally

to all.

Time to Read… Refer to the handout given

to you Quietly read the primary

source to yourself Annotate as you read and

answer the questions on a separate piece of paper

Use a dictionary to determine the meaning of words you don’t recognize

Be ready to discuss!

Karl MarxGerman journalist

who introduced the world to a radical type of socialism

Believed that history is controlled by economics and class struggle

The future would lead to communism

Communism Capitalist society would

eventually destroy itself, as the proletariat would revolt

Workers would bring about economic equality for all and a classless society would form with the absence of any government

Private property would cease to exist

Unionization and Reform Workers organize unions

to raise wages and improve conditions

Unions eventually become established and legal

Reform laws are passed in Britain and the United States to limit child labor and set work hours

Reform The abolition movement

helps to end slavery by the end of the 1800s

Free public education for all children

A Revolutionary…Haiku? Select a major theme or

topic from the Industrial Revolution

Write a haiku about that topic that accurately describes it in some way; be creative!3 lines5-7-5 syllables

Record on index card and be prepared to submit / share!

Karl Marx

Working class uniteTo destroy the bourgeoisieMan, what a sweet beard…