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Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
Sustainable construction
Sylvain Rocher, architectZiegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure
Ethio-German KonnectAddis Ababa, 10.11.2011
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
TRADITIONAL BUILDING METHODS WITH EARTH AND BAMBOO
Bamboo
Earth
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
BAMBOO
Advantages of bamboo compared to wood
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL EARTHEN BUILDINGS
„PUEBLO DE TAOS“ USA, 11th – 15th cent.„MANHATTAN OF THE DESERT“ Shibam, Jemen, 3th cent.„ALTER BAU“ Germany, 1445 „TULOU“ Fujian, China, since 15th cent.„LAND OF THE BATAMMARIBA “ Koutammakou, Togo
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
ADVANTAGES OF EARTHEN BUILDINGS – LIFECYCLE OF A BUILDING
Earthen building vs. concrete building
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
Graphic of humidity regulation capability of earth plaster (top) and non–earth plaster (bottom)
HUMIDITY ACTIVITY OF EARTHEN BUILDING MATERIALS
High absorption / Storing of humidity in earth
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
Centre of Earthen Building CEBBrainstorming Berlin 15th December 2009
Grafi sche Darstellung der Luftfeuchtesorption
bei Lehmputzen (oben) und Nicht-Lehmputzen (unten)
Wasserdampfmoleküle in der Raumluft
Anstrich auf Lehmputz
Anstrich auf Nicht-Lehmputz
Poren, Porenkanal und Feststoff Lehmputz
Poren, Porenkanal und Feststoff Nicht-Lehmputz
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
Centre of Earthen Building CEBBrainstorming Berlin 15th December 2009
Grafi sche Darstellung der Luftfeuchtesorption
bei Lehmputzen (oben) und Nicht-Lehmputzen (unten)
Wasserdampfmoleküle in der Raumluft
Anstrich auf Lehmputz
Anstrich auf Nicht-Lehmputz
Poren, Porenkanal und Feststoff Lehmputz
Poren, Porenkanal und Feststoff Nicht-Lehmputz
Comparison of absorption in 24 h
Cement plaster
Pores in cement plaster
g /m2
g /m2
Hours
10
10
2
2
6
6
10
10 14
18
18
22
30
30
50
50
14
22
Humidity in the air
Earth plaster
Pores in earth
Hours
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
At high temperatures the mud walls give humidity off. This causes cooling.
The concrete walls are heating up quickly. Heat is passing through. The concrete walls, beeing heaten up during daytime, release heat over night.
The mud walls absorb the humidity and cool down over night. At high temperatures the mud walls give humidity off. This causes cooling.
The concrete walls are heating up quickly. Heat is passing through. The concrete walls, beeing heaten up during daytime, release heat over night.
The mud walls absorb the humidity and cool down over night.
At high temperatures the mud walls give humidity off. This causes cooling.
The concrete walls are heating up quickly. Heat is passing through. The concrete walls, beeing heaten up during daytime, release heat over night.
The mud walls absorb the humidity and cool down over night. At high temperatures the mud walls give humidity off. This causes cooling.
The concrete walls are heating up quickly. Heat is passing through. The concrete walls, beeing heaten up during daytime, release heat over night.
The mud walls absorb the humidity and cool down over night.
REGULATION OF INDOOR TEMPERATURE – HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE
Comparison of earthen buildings vs. concrete buildings
Measurements by Hassan Fathy as well as Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure
Tem
pera
ture
C°
Indoor temperature earthen building
Time of day
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
64 48 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2
Indoor temperature concrete building
Time of day
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
64 48 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2
Tem
pera
ture
C°
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
N
Jahili Fort Al Ain Groundplan before restoration 1:500 R o s w a g & J a n k o w s k i A r c h i t e k t e n
5,0 m
JAHILI FORT, AL AIN, ABU DHABI
Conversion of a historic earthen fort
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
JAHILI FORT, AL AIN, ABU DHABI
Rebuilding of the rough work, completely made of historic building materials Mortar and plaster were soaked, earth blocks were stored and reused
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
JAHILI FORT, AL AIN, ABU DHABI
The historic floor plan was reconstructed, exhibition is structured by lighting elements Historic, high-class, refined surface materials characterise aesthetics
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
01 Building ground02 Floor slab, cellular glas insulation, reinforced concrete03 Walls wooden building, cellulose04 Roof wooden building, cellulose05 Floor construction ground floor, floor heating06 Interior wall wooden building, earth07 Solid wooden board ceiling08 Earthen facing, controlling indoor temperature09 Passive solar energy use via windows10 Wärmeversorgung über Fussbodenheizung11 Solar energy use Solar collector12 Solar storage, integrated gas burner13 Additional heating, passive house fireplace
HAUS MÜLLER UND RUTSCHKE, REICHENOW
Low-energy house without ventilation system
01
02
03
04
07
08
10
11
20°
40°
60°
1213
09
05
06
01 Baugrund
02 Bodenplatte, Schaumglasdämmung, Stahlbeton
03 Wände Holzbau, Zellulose
04 Dach Holzbau, Zellulose
05 Bodenaufbau EG, Fussbodenheizung,
06 Innenwand Holzbau, Lehm
07 Decke Brettstapel
08 Lehmbekleidung, Steuerung Raumklima
09 Passive Solarenergienutzung über Fenster
10 Wärmeversorgung über Fussbodenheizung
11 Solarenergienutzung Solarkollektor
12 Schichtenspeicher, integrierter Gasbrenner
13 Zusatzheizung, Passivhauskamin
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HAUS MÜLLER UND RUTSCHKE, REICHENOW
Wooden building / Infill with earth blocks
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HAUS MÜLLER UND RUTSCHKE, REICHENOW
Floor- and wall heating / earth plaster
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HAUS MÜLLER UND RUTSCHKE, REICHENOW
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
SCHOOL HANDMADE IN BANGLADESH
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
SCHOOL HANDMADE IN BANGLADESH
Design of the school according to the principle „dry feet and big hat“
floorplan
1st floor
groundfloor1,0 m
1,0 m
section
1,0 m
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
SCHOOL HANDMADE IN BANGLADESH
Ground floor walls made of 4 layers of cob, connection to the bamboo ceiling through stakes in cob
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
SCHOOL HANDMADE IN BANGLADESH
Bamboo rafter
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
SCHOOL HANDMADE IN BANGLADESH
Prefabricated bamboo frames out of 3-layered roof rafter, earth filling
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
SCHOOL HANDMADE IN BANGLADESH
„Protected“ earthen class rooms on the ground floor, caves on the ground floor, bamboo class on the first floor
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
TIPU SULTAN MERKEZ EARTH SCHOOL IN PAKISTAN
Draft
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
TIPU SULTAN MERKEZ EARTH SCHOOL IN PAKISTAN
State of construction July 2011
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
A School project for the Aga Khan Foundation in Mozambique
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Rural life in the village
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Study of local building methods / Wattle and Daub
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Study of local building methods / Earth blocks without damp-proof course
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Study of local building methods / Problems
- rising damp
- termites
- inadequate roof construction
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Life cycle of a Building / Future of Housing
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
Habitat Initiative Cabo Delgado, Mozambique Aga Khan Foundation (Mozambique)
Bauzyklus
- die mittlere Lebenserwartung der Einwohner liegt bei 43 Jahren- etwa alle acht Jahre müssen sie ein neues Haus bauen - bis zu fünf in ihrem Leben
0 8 16 24 32 40
- average life of a person in Mozambique: 43 years
- average lifespan of a building: 8 years
- that can mean 5 houses per a lifetime
- 30% of their lifetime houses are in bad conditions
Life expectancy of the inhabitants
0Gebäudezyklus
durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung eines Menschen
3224168 40 years
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Transformations
bamboo dowelcut
ca 30
division impossible
55ca 25
post
A B C
1 + 1 = 2:O
)
6 m
Transformed Details
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Transformation / Foundation
division impossible
1 Wooden post, carbonised2 Natural stones3 Mortar, stabilised4 Rammed earth
The carbonised lower part of the post and the foundation with natural stones benefits the resist-ance against humidity and insects
1 Sundried earth blocks2 Moisture barrier, plastic foil3 Earth blocks, stabilised4 Rammed earth, stabilised
Cement stablised foundation supports steadiness and in combination with the moisture barrier it prevents dam-ages caused by upraising humidity
1
2
3
4
8
9
12
3
4
division impossible
1 Wooden post, carbonised2 Natural stones3 Mortar, stabilised4 Rammed earth
The carbonised lower part of the post and the foundation with natural stones benefits the resist-ance against humidity and insects
1 Sundried earth blocks2 Moisture barrier, plastic foil3 Earth blocks, stabilised4 Rammed earth, stabilised
Cement stablised foundation supports steadiness and in combination with the moisture barrier it prevents dam-ages caused by upraising humidity
1
2
3
4
8
9
12
3
4
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Transformation / Roof construction
1 3-layer bamboo rafter2 Fixed bamboo poles 3 Dowel, connecting rafter with purlin4 Dowels, fixing purlin to the poles
Borax treated bamboo beams are the basis to all parts of the roof construction such as ring beams and purlins, as well as rafters and tie beams of the prefabricated trusses
1 3-layer bamboo rafter2 Half bamboo batten3 Prefabricated palm leave shingles
Compact roofing with palm leavesprotects against rain and overheating
1
3
212
34
1 3-layer bamboo rafter2 Fixed bamboo poles 3 Dowel, connecting rafter with purlin4 Dowels, fixing purlin to the poles
Borax treated bamboo beams are the basis to all parts of the roof construction such as ring beams and purlins, as well as rafters and tie beams of the prefabricated trusses
1 3-layer bamboo rafter2 Half bamboo batten3 Prefabricated palm leave shingles
Compact roofing with palm leavesprotects against rain and overheating
1
3
212
34
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Development of rafter (3-Layers)
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Improvement bamboo treatment
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Roof Construction made of bamboo trusses
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure
Offener Lüftungsgiebel / Dachtragwerk, Pfetten und Dachbindern aus Bambus / Innenraum, gekalkte Lehmwänden und Bambusdach
Begutachtung der Verbindung von Dachbinder und Pfette / Montage von Dachlatten / Montage von Dachbindern in der Werkstatt
Habitat Initiative Cabo Delgado, Mosambik
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure
Offener Lüftungsgiebel / Dachtragwerk, Pfetten und Dachbindern aus Bambus / Innenraum, gekalkte Lehmwänden und Bambusdach
Begutachtung der Verbindung von Dachbinder und Pfette / Montage von Dachlatten / Montage von Dachbindern in der Werkstatt
Habitat Initiative Cabo Delgado, Mosambik
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Training of local people
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Manual
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Prototype in 25 de Junho
56 Projekte: Neubau
Außenansicht des Prototypen in 25 de JunhoBank- und FensterdetailsKlassenraum in 25 de Junho
Schulkinder mit Sitz- und Schreibmöbel
56 Projekte: Neubau
Außenansicht des Prototypen in 25 de JunhoBank- und FensterdetailsKlassenraum in 25 de Junho
Schulkinder mit Sitz- und Schreibmöbel
56 Projekte: Neubau
Außenansicht des Prototypen in 25 de JunhoBank- und FensterdetailsKlassenraum in 25 de Junho
Schulkinder mit Sitz- und Schreibmöbel
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Further development to basic school type
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
Simple school type
Ziegert | Roswag | Seiler Architekten Ingenieure zrs-berlin.de
HABITAT INITIATIVE CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE
„Scaleability“