El presente perfecto
Español V
¿Qué es el presente perfecto?
The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb (“have” or “has”) with the past participle
Por ejemplo…I have played tennis.She has sung at weddings.We have flown in a plane.
Para formar in inglés To form the present participle we
combine the helping verb “have/has” with a past participle For example, “I have been a
lifeguard.” “I” is the subject“have” is the helping verb“been” is the past participle
Para formar en español In Spanish we form the present
participle by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle For example:
Yo he bailado.I have danced.
Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen.We haven’t studied for the test.
The present tense of haber
he hemos
has habéis
ha han
Remember…How to form the past participle: For –ar verbs, take the stem of the
verb and add –adoExample: comprar → comprado
For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido
Example: tener → tenido
Para formar…Here are the present perfect
forms of estudiar:
he estudiado hemos estudiado
has estudiado
habéis estudiado
ha estudiado han estudiado
Para formar…As you can see I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs)
he hemos
has habéis
ha han
…with the past participle of estudiar
he hemos
has habéis
ha han
estudiado estudiado
estudiado estudiado
estudiado estudiado
Now you try…
he ________ hemos _______
has ________ habéis ________
ha ________ han ________
On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar:
he hablado hemos hablado
has hablado habéis hablado
ha hablado han hablado
Is this what you came up with?
Let’s try another…Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar:
__ ________ ____ _______
___ ________ _____ ________
__ ________ ___ ________
Is this what you got?
he tomado hemos tomado
has tomado habéis tomado
ha tomado han tomado
Now let’s try an –er verbSee if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer:
__ ______ _____ ______
___ ______ ______ ______
__ ______ ___ ______
Is this what you came up with?
he comido hemos comido
has comido habéis comido
ha comido han comido
Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir:
__ ___ _____ ___
___ ___ ______ ___
__ ___ ___ ______
Is this what you came up with?
he ido hemos ido
has ido habéis ido
ha ido han ido
Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. Afterall, it does have an irregular present participle. But ir is actually regular in this tense. Here are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle:
Not exactly irregular but…
-er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído
caer → caído creer → creídoleer → leído oír → oídoreír → reído traer → traídoCuidado: Verbs that end in –uir, DON’T
have an accent. Construir > construido
IrregularesThe following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to: (see page 48 for more…)
abrir → abierto cubrir → cubiertodescubrir → descubierto escribir → escritomorir → muerto poner → puestoromper → roto ver → visto
volver → vuelto
More irregularsThese verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho:
decir → dichohacer → hecho
¡Practicamos!See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given.Modelo: yo / decidir → He decidido1. ella / abrir
Ha abierto2. Marta y yo / tocar
Hemos tocado3. Gonzalo / crecer
Ha crecido
Hagan A, B, C en las páginas 48-49.