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Electric Vehicles & Charging Stations
Alleyn Harned Executive Director [email protected] October 14, 2017
Solar Power and Electric Vehicle Charging
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Agenda
NREL Image Gallery #14922 & #23854
EVSE & PEV Basics
PEV Models
AFDC Station Locator
Policies & Incentives
Installation Guidance
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• Battery Electric – Pure electric, no gasoline – 24 to 100 KW batteries – 95 to 300 miles of range
Resource: www.fueleconomy.gov
Types of EVs and PEVs
2017 Chevy Bolt
2017 Nissan LEAF
2017 Chevy Volt
2017 Toyota Prius Prime
2017 Tesla Model 3
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Market Growth of EVs
• 27 models of PEV or EV on
the market today
• In 2016, there are 36,000 charging ports in the United states
*source: InsideEVs, Monthly Sales Scorecard
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Infrastructure: Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)
Current Type Voltage (V) Charging Time Primary Use
Level 1 Alternating
Current (AC)
120V 2 to 5 miles of range per hour of charging
Residential/Workplace
Level 2 AC 240V 10 to 20 miles of range per hour of charging
Residential/ Workplace/Fl
eet
DC Fast Direct
Current (DC)
208/480V 60 to 80 miles per 20 minutes of charging
Commercial/ Fleet
Wireless AC 240V 10 to 20 miles of range per hour of charging
Residential Commercial
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Uses: Charging at Home and In Public
Images: NREL Image Gallery #18723, #18870
Charging at Home • Most charge vehicles overnight at home
• Level 1 outlet or installed Level 2 EVSE • L2 240v installation typically require permitting and licensed contractors
Charging in Public • Increases vehicle range, especially for consumers who live in high-density
urban areas • Ideal public charging locations include:
• Workplaces or office buildings • Shopping centers • City parking lots • Airports • Hotels
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Basics: Electricity Production and Distribution
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
• Produced by steam turbine generators at power plants
• Electricity travels from generating facilities to distribution facilities
• With appropriate planning, plug-in electric vehicles are unlikely to strain existing electricity infrastructure in the near term
1%
49%
12%
32%
7%
Source of Virginia Electricity Generation, May 2017
Petroleum-Fired Natural Gas-Fired Coal-Fired
Nuclear Renewables
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• Federal – EV tax credit $7500, Infrastructure Tax Credit – 30%
$30,000
• Washington DC – Infrastructure tax credit 50% $1000 and $10,000, reduced
registration fee fuel efficient vehicles
• Virginia – Retail EV Charging Regulation, HOV Lane Exemption,
Utility Off-Peak Charging Rate Reduction
• Maryland – Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Off Peak trial – Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Tax Credit of $3,000 – HOV Lane Exemption – Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) Rebate
Program – Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Grants
State Policies and Incentives
Image: NREL Image Gallery #28005
Helpful Resource:
The Alternative Fuel Data Center Laws and Incentives Search provides information about available state and federal incentives for EVs and EVSE.
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– The minimum power requirement per Connector is a 30A service, with a maximum of 100A where possible. The higher the current, the faster the charge rate.
– Walk the property and locate the appropriate amount of power in a panel that is close to available parking. The Connectors can also be at two different locations on the property.
– Try to avoid a location which requires trenching, pavement cutting, transformers, core drilling or X-Raying, as these add to installation costs.
– If practical, place the Connectors in a valet-controlled area. Valet can rotate guest vehicles after charging is complete.
Specifications
Level 2 EVSE Connector
Voltage 208/240
Phase Single
Amperes 30A to 100A
Dimensions H:15” W:6.2” D:3.7”
Enclosure rating NEMA 3R –Indoor/Outdoor
Mounting Wall or Pedestal
Cable Length ~25 ft
Vehicles served Current/Future EV
Average charge time 2 to 6 hours
Cost of electricity for average use
$6
Step 1 – Find Power
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– Contact your preferred, local electrician and schedule a site-walk so they can prepare a formal quote.
– Have the electrician give you a formal quote that includes the following:
• Property name and address the work will be performed at.
• Individually list the number and circuit breaker size of each Connector being installed.
• Make a note of any panel upgrades, needed transformers, extra-long runs, coring or trenching that are included in the quote which have a significant impact on price.
Step 2 – Get a Quote
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• Celebrate! • Add your EVSE to the website Plugshare.com so
EV drivers can find you.
Step 3 – Install Your Equipment
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• Q: Can EVSE be installed outdoors? – A: Yes, the EVSE is NEMA 3R rated for indoor/outdoor
use
• Q: Does the EVSEhave to be mounted to a wall? – A: No, the connector can be mounted to wall or
pedestal. You have creative license to match a mounting pedestal to the motif of your business.
• Q: Does the EVSE work to charge other electric vehicles?
– A: Yes, The plug style used by electric vehicles is called J-1772 (or “universal”).
• Q: Does the EVSE require any maintenance? – A: No. There is no maintenance required, just
periodically wipe down with a damp cloth to keep the Connector clean and presentable.
• Q: Does the EVSE accept payment? – A: Depends on the complexity. Some EVSE are simple
“plug-and-play” device with no credit card reader or meter. Some have RFID and celluar connection that allows for credit card payments.
• Q: Are there parking signs for additional visibility to the?
– A: You will have to create your own EV parking signage.
FAQs
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Other Considerations: Tools
afdc.energy.gov/tools
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References and Resources
• AFDC Vehicle Cost Calculator (http://www.afdc.energy.gov/calc/) • AFDC EV Emissions page (http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.php) • AFDC Light-Duty Vehicle search (http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/search/light/) • AFDC Heavy-Duty Vehicle Search (http://www.afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/search/heavy) • FuelEconomy.gov’s Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFV) page (http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/alternatives.shtml) • Clean Cities Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Fleet Managers (http://www.afdc.energy.gov/pdfs/pev_handbook.pdf) • Clean Cities Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Workplace Charging Hosts
(http://www.afdc.energy.gov/uploads/publication/pev_workplace_charging_hosts.pdf) • Clean Cities Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Public Charging Station Hosts (http://www.afdc.energy.gov/pdfs/51227.pdf) • Argonne National Laboratory’s (ANL) Well-to-Wheels Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid
Electric Vehicles report (http://www.transportation.anl.gov/pdfs/TA/559.pdf) • Electric Drive Transportation Associations (EDTA) Electric Drive Sales
(http://electricdrive.org/index.php?ht=d/sp/i/20952/pid/20952) • National Fire Protection Association EV Safety Training (www.evsafetytraining.org) • National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium First Responder Safety Training
(http://www.naftc.wvu.edu/course_workshop_information/first_responders) • Plug-In America’s Vehicle Tracker (http://www.pluginamerica.org/vehicles)