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CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh Electron Configuration DR. MIOY T. HUYNH YALE UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY 161 FALL 2019 www.mioy.org/chem161
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
Electron ConfigurationDR. MIOY T. HUYNHYALE UNIVERSITYCHEMISTRY 161
FALL 2019
www.mioy.org/chem161
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
Quantum NumbersEN
ERG
Y
NUCLEUS
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 2ℓ = 1ℓ = 0
Value of ℓ 0 1 2
Orbital Type s p d
Values of mℓ 0 –1, 0, +1 –2, –1, 0, +1, +2
(# of mℓ) (1) (3) (5)
Values of ms –½, +½ –½, +½ –½, +½[# of electrons] [2] [6] [10]
mℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1mℓ = –2 mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1 mℓ = +2
mℓ = 0
* Spin doesn’t mean the electron is physically spinning in space, so “up” and “down” don’t have any physical meaning.We just need to designate two different orientations and “up” and “down” are easiest.
↿⇂
We can condense this information even more!
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
Electron ConfigurationEN
ERG
Y
NUCLEUS
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 2
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –2 mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1 mℓ = +2
mℓ = 0
We can condense this information even more!
↿⇂
↿⇂
↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂
↿⇂ ↿ ↿
↿⇂
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
Electron ConfigurationEN
ERG
Y
NUCLEUS
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 2
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –2 mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1 mℓ = +2
mℓ = 0
We can condense this information even more!
↿⇂ 1s2
n ℓ# of electrons
↿⇂
↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂
↿⇂ ↿ ↿
↿⇂
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
Electron ConfigurationEN
ERG
Y
NUCLEUS
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 2
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –2 mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1 mℓ = +2
mℓ = 0
We can condense this information even more!
↿⇂ 1s2
n ℓ# of electrons
↿⇂ 2s2
↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂
↿⇂ ↿ ↿
↿⇂
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
Electron ConfigurationEN
ERG
Y
NUCLEUS
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 2
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –2 mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1 mℓ = +2
mℓ = 0
We can condense this information even more!
↿⇂ 1s2
↿⇂ 2s2 nℓ
# of electrons
2p6↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂
↿⇂ ↿ ↿
↿⇂
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
Electron ConfigurationEN
ERG
Y
NUCLEUS
n = 1
n = 2
n = 3
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
ℓ = 2
ℓ = 1
ℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = 0
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1
mℓ = –2 mℓ = –1 mℓ = 0 mℓ = +1 mℓ = +2
mℓ = 0
We can condense this information even more!
↿⇂ 1s2
↿⇂ 2s2
2p6↿⇂ ↿⇂ ↿⇂
3s2
3p4↿⇂ ↿ ↿
↿⇂n
ℓ# of electrons
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N:
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s2
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s2
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3 → 7 electrons
Na:
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s2
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s2
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p6
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1 → 11 electrons
Fe:
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p6
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
1s22s22p63s23p6 = [Ar]We can condense this information even more!
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
1s22s22p63s23p6 = [Ar]
Fe: [Ar]4s23d6 This is called noble gas configuration.
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
1s22s22p63s23p6 = [Ar]
Fe: [Ar]4s23d6
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
N: 1s22s22p3
This is called noble gas configuration.
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Fill from left to right!
Examples
N: 1s22s22p3
Na: 1s22s22p63s1
Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
1s22s22p63s23p6 = [Ar]
Fe: [Ar]4s23d6
Na: [Ne]3s1
N: [He]2s22p3
This is called noble gas configuration.
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Neutral atoms
Examples
Fe: [Ar]4s23d6
Na: [Ne]3s1
N: [He]2s22p3
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Neutral atoms
Examples
Fe: [Ar]4s23d6
Na: [Ne]3s1
N: [He]2s22p3
Ions
Fe3+: [Ar]4s23d6
Na+: [Ne]3s1
N3–: [He]2s22p3
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Neutral atoms
Examples
Fe: [Ar]4s23d6
Na: [Ne]3s1
N: [He]2s22p3
Ions
Fe3+: [Ar]3d5
Na+: [Ne]3s1
N3–: [He]2s22p3
For transition metal cations, we lose s electrons
before d.
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Neutral atoms
Examples
Fe: [Ar]4s23d6
Na: [Ne]3s1
N: [He]2s22p3
Ions
Fe3+: [Ar]3d5
Na+: [Ne]3s1
N3–: [He]2s22p3
Otherwise, lose electrons from
outermost orbitals for cations.
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Neutral atoms
Examples
Fe: [Ar]4s23d6
Na: [Ne]3s1
N: [He]2s22p3
Ions
Fe3+: [Ar]3d5
Na+: [Ne]3s1
N3–: [He]2s22p6
Add electrons into outermost
orbitals for anions.
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Two exceptions
Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p6
Would expect: 4s23d4
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Two exceptions
Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
Would expect: 4s23d4Two half-filled orbitals.
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Two exceptions
Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
Cu: 1s22s22p63s23p6
Would expect: 4s23d4
Would expect: 4s23d9
Two half-filled orbitals.
CHEMISTRY 161 – FALL 2019 Dr. Mioy T. Huynh
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
Two exceptions
Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
Cu: 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
Would expect: 4s23d4
Would expect: 4s23d9
Two half-filled orbitals.
One half-filled orbital.One all-filled orbital.
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