Electronic Machine...Mobile Phone

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Salalah College of Technology

Mobile Phones

Student Name

Hamed Muhammed Suhail Harsoosi

I.D

42S11129

Teacher

Alexandra Miller

Submission Date

06/12/2014


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Introduction

A mobile phone is a wireless handheld device that allows users to make

calls and send text messages, among other features. The earliest

generation of mobile phones could only make and receive calls. Todays

mobile phones, however, are packed with many additional features, such

as Web browsers, games, cameras, video players and even navigational

systems.

A mobile phone may also be known as a cellular phone or simply cell

phone.Modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other

services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range

wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications,

gaming, and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more

general computing capabilities are referred to as smart phones.


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Information

When the first mobile phones were introduced, their only function was to

make calls, and they were so bulky it was impossible to carry them in a

pocket.

Later, mobile phones belonging to the Global System for Mobile

Communications (GSM) network were capable of sending and receiving

text messages. As these devices evolved, they became smaller and more

features were added, such as multimedia messaging service (MMS),

which allowed users to send and receive images.

Most of these MMS-capable devices were naturally equipped with

cameras, which allowed users to capture photos with the built-in camera,

add captions, and send them to friends and relatives who also had MMS-

capable phones. A mobile phone typically operates on a cellular network,

which is composed of cell sites scattered throughout cities, countryside's,

and even mountainous regions.


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Main Parts of Mobile phones

Following are the main basic parts of any mobile phone.

1. A circuit board

2.

An antenna

3. A liquid crystal display (LCD)

4.

A keyboard

5.

A microphone

6. A speaker

7. A battery


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A circuit board

The circuit board is the heart of the system. The analog-to-digital and

digital-to-analog conversion chips translate the outgoing audio signal

from analog to digital and the incoming signal from digital back to

analog. The microprocessor handles all of the housekeeping chores for

the keyboard and display, deals with command and control signaling with

the base station and also coordinates the rest of the functions on the

board.


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An antenna

When talking on a cell phone, a transmitter takes the sound of your voice

and encodes it onto a continuous sine wave. A sine wave is just a type of

continuously varying wave that radiates out from the antenna and

fluctuates evenly through space. Sine waves are measured in terms of

frequency, which is the number of times a wave oscillates up and down

per second. Once the encoded sound has been placed on the sine wave,

the transmitter sends the signal to the antenna, which then sends the

signal out.Finally, the Radio Frequency amplifiers handle signals

traveling to and from the antenna.


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A liquid crystal display (LCD)

The short name for Liquid Crystal Display is LCD. The led cell consists

of two glass plates that are prepared with ITO (indium-tinoxide)

electrodes during a photolithographic process. Between these plates a

layer of liquid crystal is applied. On the outsides of the cell two

polarization filters are attached.

Between the fixed and liquid phase the molecules naturally have a rotated

structure. By etching vertical ITO-paths on the glass plate below and

horizontal paths on the plate above you get a lattice of ITO-paths by

which it is possible to create a different voltage on every intersection.

By adapting the voltage, the rotated structure of the molecules can be

influenced in order to regulate the light transmission. Now it is possible

to create pixels that all can be switched on and off. This can be controlled

by a chip.


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A keyboard

Any 12 key telephone keypad can be used as a computer terminal

keyboard. The speed and efficiency of the Phone Keyboard is faster and

easier than all previous data entry methods using any phone or any twelve

sensor keypad. All data entered on any standard computer keyboard can

be entered using any 12 key phone keypads.


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A microphone

A microphone, colloquially mic or mike is an acoustic-to-electric

transducer or sensor that converts sound in air into an electrical signal.

Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing

aids, public address systems for concert halls and public events, motion

picture production, live and recorded audio engineering, two-way radios,

megaphones, radio and television broadcasting, and in computers for

recording voice, speech recognition, VoIP, and for non-acoustic purposes

such as ultrasonic checking or knock sensors.


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A speaker

In any sound system, ultimate quality depends on the speakers. The best

recording, encoded on the most advanced storage device and played by a

top-of-the-line deck and amplifier, will sound awful if the system is

hooked up to poor speakers.

Cell phones have such tiny speakers and

microphones that it is incredible how well most of them reproduce sound.

As you can see in the picture above, the speaker is about the size of a

dime and the microphone is no larger than the watch battery beside it.

Speaking of the watch battery, this is used by the cell phone's internal

clock chip.


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A battery

While there are many different types of batteries, the basic concept by

which they function remains the same. When a device is connected to a

battery, a reaction occurs that produces electrical energy. This is known

as an electrochemical reaction.

Today, batteries are all around us. They

power our wristwatches for months at a time. They keep our alarm clocks

and telephones working, even if the electricity goes out.


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Conclusion

Cell phones have completely changed our world. People now use them

for leisure time, business, school, and so much more. Cell phones are not

just cell phones anymore. People rely on them for video chatting for

conference calls, searching the web for nearby restaurants, taking pictures

of their travels, using a GPS tracking system, etc. The majority of people

own cell phones nowadays and people rely on them more than ever. Cell

phones have become a part of everyday life and I could not imagine what

it would be like having to live without having a cell phone. Being away at

school I still am able to keep in contact with my parents and grandparents

although I am far away from them. Cell phones are a vital service in the

human connection because people are able to have connections that the

past decades never imaged. The cell phone is an incredible invention that

has altered our lives forever.


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Reference

https://cmoed.wordpress.com/2012/05/04/conclusion-essay-mobile-

phones/

http://www.secbattery.com/

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/.html

http://www.techopedia.com/
https://cmoed.wordpress.com/2012/05/04/conclusion-essay-mobile-phones/https://cmoed.wordpress.com/2012/05/04/conclusion-essay-mobile-phones/https://cmoed.wordpress.com/2012/05/04/conclusion-essay-mobile-phones/http://www.secbattery.com/http://www.secbattery.com/http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/.htmlhttp://electronics.howstuffworks.com/.htmlhttp://www.techopedia.com/http://www.techopedia.com/http://www.techopedia.com/http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/.htmlhttp://www.secbattery.com/https://cmoed.wordpress.com/2012/05/04/conclusion-essay-mobile-phones/https://cmoed.wordpress.com/2012/05/04/conclusion-essay-mobile-phones/

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Electronic Machine...Mobile Phone

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