Electronics for Gas Detectors - Indico

03/02/2014

Electronics for Gas Detectors/RD51

Electronics School, [email protected] 1

Electronics for Gas Detectors

Sorin Martoiu, CERN

03/02/2014 2

IONIZATION

DRIFT

MULTIPLICATION

READOUT

AMPLIFICATION

PROCESSING

FEATURE EXTRACTION

EVENT CORRELATION

03/02/2014





signal range = 10 .. 1000 ke-

signal width = 5 .. 200ns

negative or positive polarity

…

Low noise (0.1 ~ 1 ke)

High channel count

(up to millions of ch)

Discharge protection

Radiation hardness

Rate capability

Efficiency

Data Bandwidth

Spatial resolution

Temporal resolution

Energy resolution

03/02/2014

Electronics for Gas Detectors,

[email protected] 3 03/02/2014



03/02/2014



meshstrip

stripstrip

h

LWC

0

~ 0.1..1 pF/cm

Parasitic Capacitances

03/02/2014



Noise

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Noise Optimization

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MOS Preamplifier Example

2

2

22 )()(

gDff

S

gDww

Sin CCASCCAS

AiENC

DSoxm IL

WCg 2

Bias resistor + bleeder …

MOS transconductance

Technology parameters

Shaper coefficients

Power consumption

03/02/2014



0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

000E+0 50E-9 100E-9 150E-9 200E-9

ENC

ts

ENC vs. Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 2m; Cd = 20pF)

ENCi

ENCw

ENCf

ENC

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

1000.0

000.E+0 10.E-12 20.E-12 30.E-12 40.E-12

ENC

Cd

ENC vs. Cd (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Id = 2mA)

ENCi

ENCw

ENCf

ENC

shaping time

detector capacitance Current Noise

White Noise 1/f Noise

2

2

22 )()(

gDff

S

gDww

Sin CCASCCAS

AiENC

m

wg

KTS

3

8

DSoxm IL

WCg 2

* TSMC 0.35um data from the web

Noise increases with

detector capacitance

03/02/2014



200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000.0

1200.0

1400.0

000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9

ENC

Ts

Cd = 10pF

Cd = 20pF

Cd = 40pF

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

1000.0

1100.0

000.0E+0 50.0E-9 100.0E-9 150.0E-9 200.0E-9

ENC

ts

ENC vs. Id & Ts (W/L = 2.37m/0.4u; Cd = 20pF)

Id = 1mA

Id = 2 mA

Id = 3mA

shaping time



2

2

22 )()(

gDff

S

gDww

Sin CCASCCAS

AiENC

m

wg

KTS

3

8

DSoxm IL

WCg 2

* TSMC 0.35um data from the web

variable shaping: 50 … 300 ns

Noise decreases

with power

03/02/2014



Sensitivity vs. Efficiency

Sensitivity

Efficiency

Detector Capaci-tance

Electronic Noise

Shaping Time

Rate Capability

Detector Segmenta

-tion

shaping time



2

2

22 )()(

gDff

S

gDww

Sin CCASCCAS

AiENC

Spatial Resolution

03/02/2014



Sensitivity vs. Power

Sensitivity

Power

Detector Capaci-tance

Electronic Noise

Power Consum

p-tion

Detector Segment

a-tion

2

2

22 )()(

gDff

S

gDww

Sin CCASCCAS

AiENC

detector capacitance

m

wg

KTS

3

8

DSoxm IL

WCg 2

03/02/2014



03/02/2014



How do I readout all channels?

Front-End Architecture

Waveform sampling

Self-triggered channel

Preamp Shaper Signal

processing + ADC

Pipeline

other channels

other channels

ADC

Preamp

Hit

detection

Feature

extraction

Shaper 2

Shaper 1 Timestamp Feature 1 Feature 2

Memory

RAM/

Analog

other channels

23/11/2009 14 03/02/2014



03/02/2014



APV25

Waveform sampling

preamp shaperAPSP

S/H

inverter

pipeline

MUX gain

128:1MUX

Differentialcurrent

output amp

192 time-samples

50ns – 160ns*

analog serializer

Preamp Shaper (Analog)

Signal

Processing + ADC

Pipeline

other channels

other channels

03/02/2014



APV25

preamp shaperAPSP

S/H

inverter

pipeline

MUX gain

128:1MUX

Differentialcurrent

output amp

192 time-samples/max 30 readout

50ns – 160ns*

analog serializer

25ns x 128ch

3.5us Max rate(th) = 280kHz / nr_samples

APV Analog Serial Frame

sync pulses headers

Analogue data (128 channel samples)

03/02/2014



03/02/2014



What front-end do I choose?

A little more data bandwidth if I use more outputs in parallel …

03/02/2014



BEETLE

4x outputs (A/D) (more bandwidth)

Fast-OR output for triggering

160 time-samples max 16 samples readout

03/02/2014




How can I go faster? Is ADC resolution really necessary for my application or I can live with just one bit? Ex. Tracking detectors

03/02/2014



VFAT – Binary readout

256 samples 128 events

• No more analog information

• Faster readout

• More bandwidth

03/02/2014




What do I do if I have very high events rates?

03/02/2014



VMM (BNL)

ADC

Preamp

Hit

detection

Feature

extraction

Shaper 2

Shaper 1 Timestamp Feature 1 Feature 2

Memory

RAM/

Analog

other channels

?

• Data driven system

• No sampling clock

• Self triggered

• Natural zero-suppression

• Feature extraction

Other

Pixel readout - TIMEPIX

03/02/2014



SRS Hybrids HDMI connector Power LDOs

Disch

arge p

rote

ction

Front-End Chip

Stand

ard R

D5

1

senso

r con

necto

r

standard RD51 connector

discharge protection

micro-HDMI

clk & trg

data links

dcs (I2C)

industry-ready design

purchase through CERN store

03/02/2014



03/02/2014



SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection

SRS Hybrids – Discharge Protection

Samtec MMCX

coax connector

GND connection (< 2mohm)

middle pin can be used for power

mechanical connection

03/02/2014



New Hybrids

BEETLE Hybrid VFAT2 Hybrid

Optional stacking conn. for cable-less connection

Power option via MMCX connectors

First prototypes foreseen for Aug-Sep 2012

Rad-tol CPLD

Comparator OR/MUX

Clk & Trg decode

Work in progress

03/02/2014



Scalability Concept

System Size (small)

FE ASIC

FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter

Card (FEC)

DETECTOR

1Gb Ethernet

FE ASIC

on

-det

ecto

r o

ff-d

etec

tor

Chip-link (HDMI, fiber, …)

03/02/2014



Scalability Concept

System Size (medium)

Muon Tomography (Florida) MAMMA Beamtest (CERN)

Front-end Adapter

Card (FEC)

FE ASIC

FE ASIC

FE ASIC

FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter

Card (FEC)

DETECTOR

Network Switch

1Gb Ethernet

on

-det

ecto

r o

ff-d

etec

tor

03/02/2014



Scalability Concept

System Size (large)

Scalable Readout

Unit (SRU)

FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter

Card (FEC)

FE ASIC

FE ASIC

FE ASIC

FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter

Card (FEC)

FE ASIC

Front-end Adapter

Card (FEC)

DETECTOR

Eurocrate

1/10/40.. Gb Ethernet (opt. DDL/S-Link/…)

on

-det

ecto

r o

ff-d

etec

tor

DTC Link (Data,Trigger&Control)

ATCA-SRS

03/02/2014



Scalability Concept

Application Scalable Readout

Unit (SRU)

FE ASIC

1

Front-end Card (FEC)

FE ASIC

2

FE ASIC

2

FE ASIC

3

FE ASIC

3


FE ASIC

1


Front-end Adapter Card 1



DETECTOR 1 DETECTOR 2

Eurocrate

on

-det

ecto

r o

ff-d

etec

tor

Front-end (FPGA) card

Adapter Card • ADC / digital / optical /…

03/02/2014



SRS – Digital Processing

Eth

ern

et C

ore

DTC

Lin

k

Clock UnitTest & Init

SC C

ore

Dat

a p

ath

SC BUS

Monitoring System SC

App Slow Control

Readout Control

FE CardInterface

DataProcessor

PacketBuilder

Application Layer (Reconfigurable partition*)

System Layer (Fixed partition)

Eth

ern

et C

ore

DTC

Lin

k


SC C

ore

Dat

a p

ath

SC BUS


App Slow Control

Readout Control

FE CardInterface

DataProcessor

PacketBuilder Et

her

net

Co

reD

TCLi

nk


SC C

ore

Dat

a p

ath

SC BUS


App Slow Control

Readout Control

FE CardInterface

DataProcessor

PacketBuilder

Application Layer (Reconfigurable partition*)

System Layer (Fixed partition)

• Signal processing

• Zero-suppression

• Feature extraction

• Packet/Event builder

03/02/2014



SRS Overview

Chip Carriers

Sin

gle

Mas

ter

Slav

e

On-detector

front-end

hybrids

• APV25

• VFAT

• BEETLE

• …

Front-end adapter

(FE-specific)

• ADC card

• digital FE card (VFAT)

• GBT receiver

• …

Front-end FPGA card

(SRS standard)

modular firmware:

•SRS control

•application specific

DTC

GbE

to DAQ (small/ medium size system)

to SRU (large-size system)

Chip-links

• HDMI

- analog (APV/Beetle)

- digital (VFAT/Beetle)

• optical (GBT. …)

•…

03/02/2014



03/02/2014



Thank you!

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Electronics for Gas Detectors - Indico

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