Elements of Optical Mineralogy -A.N. Winchell - Part 3

8/11/2019 Elements of Optical Mineralogy -A.N. Winchell - Part 3

1/262

co

>

160229

>m

m

-


2/262

THIJ

DOOKIS

A

PART

OF THE

UDRAR.Y OF


3/262

OSMANIA

UNIVERSITY

LIBRARY

Call

No.^

4

7

*

$

3

T._

Accession

No.

Author

Title

This

book

should

be

returned

on or

before

the

dafel

last

marked

belo\v.


4/262


5/262

ELEMENTS OF

OPTICAL

MINERALOGY


6/262

ELEMENTS OF

OPTICAL

MINERALOGY

AN

INTRODUCTION

TO

MICROSCOPIC

PETROGRAPHY

BY

A.

N. WINCHELL

Part

I.

Principles

and

Methods.

Fifth

Edition.

Cloth;

6

by

9;

262

pages;

305

figures.

Part II.

Descriptions

of

Minerals.

With

Special

Reference

to

their

Optic

and

Microscopic

Characters. Third

Edition.

Cloth;

6

by

9;

439

pages;

362

figures.

Part HI.

Determinative

Tables.

Second

Edi-

tion,

New

Printing.

Cloth;

6

by

9;

230

pages;

three

folding

charts.

PUBLISHED

BY

JOHN

WILEY &

SONS,

INC.


7/262

ELEMENTS OF

OPTICAL MINERALOGY

AN

INTRODUCTION

TO

MICROSCOPIC

PETROGRAPHY

BY

ALEXANDER N.

WINCHELL,

Doct.

Univ.

Paris

Professor

of

Mineralogy

and

Petrology

,

University

of

Wisconsin

SECOND

EDITION,

SECOND

PRINTING

PART

III.

DETERMINATIVE

TABLES

WITH

A COLORED

CHART

AND

Two

DIAGRAMS

NEW

YORK

JOHN

WILEY &

SONS,

INC.

LONDON;

CHAPMAN

&

HALL,

LIMITED

*939


8/262

COPYRIGHT,

1929,

1939

BY

ALEXANDER

N.

WINCHELL

All

Rights

Reserved

This

book

or

any

part

thereof

must

not

be

reproduced

in

any

form

without

the written

permission of

the

publisher.

PRINTED

IN U. 8.

A.

PRESS

OF

BRAUNWORTH

A

CO.,

INC.

BUILDERS

OF

BOOKS

BRIDGEPORT.

CONN.


9/262

PREFACE

TO

THE

SECOND

EDITION

SECOND

PRINTING

DURING the

ten

years

since

the

publication

of

the

second

edition

of

these tables

many

new

minerals

have

been

described. About

fifty

of

these

are included

in

the third edition

of

Part

II,

which

was

published

in

1933,

while

nearly

seventy

are

of

more recent

date.

The

author

has

attempted

to

include

in

supplementary

tables

in

this

printing

all

the

new

minerals which seem

to be well

established

and

adequately

described

as to

their

optical

properties. Unfortunately

it

has

not

been

feasible

to

incorporate

them

in

the

main

tables,

but

this

is

probably

not

a

very

serious

difficulty

since

the

minerals

in

question

are

all

very

rare.

It

is

hoped

that the

use

of

colored

paper

for the

table

(III)

classify-

ing

minerals

on the basis

of

their color

(and

pleochroism)

in thin

section

will

make

it

easy

to find

the various

tables

quickly

and

con-

veniently.

In the

preparation

of

this

printing

the

author

has

benefited

by

the

assistance

and

encouragement

of

his

wife,

Florence

S.

Winchell.

ALEXANDER

N.

WINCHELL

MADISON,

WISCONSIN

March,

1939


10/262


11/262

PREFACE

TO

THE

SECOND

EDITION

'Or

course

tables

prepared

for the

determination

of

minerals

by

optical

methods should be

based

on

the

chief

optical

properties

of

the

minerals.

However,

it

is

not at all obvious

just

which

optical

prop-

erty

should* be

used first in

classifying

the

minerals. After

several

attempts

to

combine

the

most

important

properties

in

one

table so

that

more

than

one

of

them

could be used

first,

it

seemed

wiser

to

simplify

the

arrangement

by making

separate

tables for

each

impor-

tant

property.

In

addition to

the

tables which

are

given,

tables

might

be

prepared

based

primarily upon

the

optic

angle,

optic

sign,

or extinc-

tion

angles.

However,

the

practical groups

based

upon

optic

angle

or

optic

sign

are

too few in number to be

satisfactory,

while

extinction

angles

are

almost

useless

in

distinguishing

between

tetragonal,

hexag-

onal and* orthorhombic

minerals. Thus

it

comes

about

that the

chief

tables

which

are

given

are

based

upon

refringence,

or

birefringence,

or

color

(and

pleochroism).

As

the

dispersion

methods of

determin-

ing

minerals

come

into wider

use

the

table

based

upon

dispersion

will

become

more

complete

and

more useful.

It

is a

pleasure

to

acknowledge

that

these

tables have

been

improved

as a

result of

thoughtful

constructive

criticism

of the

first

draft

by

Professor

F.

F. Grout

of the

University

of

Minnesota;

the

writer

has

also had the

advantage

of

an

opportunity

to

examine

copies

of

determinative

mineral

tables

prepared

by

Professor

Grout and

others

prepared

by

Professor

D.

J.

Fisher

of

the

University

of

Chicago.

He

has

also

benefited

notably by frequent

consultations with

Professor

R.

C.

Emmons

of the

University

of

Wisconsin.

Plate

II,

based

on

refringence

and

birefringence,

has been

prepared

along

lines

suggested

by

Professor

C. O.

Swanson

of

the

Michigan

College

of Mines

and Professor

R. H. B.

Jones

of

the

State

College

of

Washington.

ALEXANDER

N.

WINCHELL.

MADISON,

WISCONSIN,

January, 1929

vu


12/262


13/262

CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION

i

TABLE

I.

OPAQUE

MINERALS

7

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

OF

MINERALS

10

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

II. BIREFRINGENCE OF MINERALS

76

TABLE

III.

COLOR

OF MINERALS

go

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

III.

COLOR

OF

MINERALS

130

TABLE

IVA.

REFRINGENCE

OF

ISOTROPIC

MINERALS

136

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

IVA.

REFRINGENCE

OF

ISOTROPIC

MINERALS

141

TABLE

IVB.

REFRINGENCE

OF

ANISOTROPIC

MINERALS

142

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

IVB.

REFRINGENCK

OF

ANISOTROPIC

MINERALS

192

TABLE

V.

DISPERSION

OF

MINERALS

200

EXPLANATION

OF PLATES

213

INDEX

217

ix


14/262


15/262

ILLUSTRATIONS

(In

Pocket at

Back)

PLATE

I.

TABLE

OF BIREFRINGENCES

OF

ROCK-FORMING

MINERALS.

PLATE

II.

REFRINGENCE

AND

BIREFRINGENCE

OF ROCK-FORMING

MINERALS.

PLATE

III.

STEREOGRAPHIC

PLAT

OF

WULFF.

For

an

explanation

of

the

plates

see

page

213


16/262


17/262

ABBREVIATIONS

USED

IN

THE TABLES

(Miller

symbols

and

chemical

formulas

need

no

explanation

here)

liii


18/262

xiv

ABBREVIATIONS

The

sign

of

the extinction

angle

in

monoclinic minerals

is

positive

when

it

is

measured

in

the obtuse

angle

between

a

and

c

and

negative

when

it

is

measured in

the

acute

angle

&


19/262

OPTICAL

MINERALOGY

PART III

INTRODUCTION

DETERMINATIVE TABLES

IN order

to use determinative tables based

on

optical

properties

successfully

the

worker must

be familiar

with

optical

principles

and

the

methods

of

applying

them to

the measurement

or

estimation

of

the

optical

properties

of

minerals;

these

topics

are

discussed in Part

I

of

this work.

The

following

tables are as

complete

as

available

data

permit

so

far

as

transparent

or

translucent

minerals are

concerned.

Only

a

few

of the commoner

opaque

minerals are

included,

because the

ordinary

petrographic

methods

are

not

well

adapted

for the

study

of

such

minerals.

In

general,

the

tables

summarize

the

data for

the minerals

described

in Part

II

of

this work.

In

some

cases minerals are

described

somewhat

incompletely

in

Part

II

and

this

condition

may

lead

to

their

necessary

omission

from

one

or

more

of

the

tables

com-

posing

(this)

Part

III.

In

a

few

other

cases, data,

published

since the

appearance

of

Part

II,

have

been

used

in

the

tables. The

tables

include

all

natural

minerals whose

optic

properties

are

known.

The

first

of

the

following

tables

deals

with

the

common

opaque

minerals;

so far

as

these are

always opaque

in

standard

thin

sections

they

are

not

included

in

the

other

tables.

Those

minerals

which

are

sometimes

opaque

and

sometimes

translucent

in

thin

section

are

included

in

this

first

table

and

also

in

the

other

tables,

so far

as

avail-

able

data

regarding

them

permit.

The

second table

which

follows

is based

primarily upon

the

bire-

fringence

of

minerals

and

secondarily

upon

their

refringence.

In

order

to

use

this

property

of

refringence

with

more

precision

the

fol-

lowing

scale has

been

adopted:


20/262

INTRODUCTION

SCALE

OF

REFRINGENCE

1.

Fluorite,

N

=

1.434.

Negative

distinct.

N

1.48

1.53

1.59

1.66

1.74

2.00.

Whenever

an

unknown mineral is

in

contact

with

any

of

the

minerals

or

liquids

which

form

the

limits

of

this scale

of

refringence,

so

that

a

direct

comparison

of

indices

can

be

made

by

the method of

vertical

or

inclined

illumination,

an

accurate

classification

is

possible

even

if

the differences

in

the

indices are

very slight.

For

this

purpose

not

only

are

the minerals

and

liquids

named

above

available,

but

other

common

minerals

and

liquids

which

are

near

these

limits

may

be

used.

The

following

table

may

be useful

in

this

connection:

COMMON

MINERALS

NEAR

THE

LIMITS OF THE SCALE

OF

REFRINGENCE

Between

i

(negative

distinct)

and

2

(negative low)

:

Natrolite

N

=

1.48^

Cristobalite

N

=

1.486

Chabazite

N

m

=

i.48zfc

Analcite

N

=

1.487

Gmelinite

N

m

=

1.48=1=

Borax

N

a

=

1.472

Sodalite

N

=

1.483-1.487 Tridymite

N,

=

1.473

Between

2

(negative

low)

and

3 (positive

low)

:

Microcline

N

ff

=

.529

Quartz

N

=

1.544

Orthoclase

N

.526

Oligoclase

N

m

=

1.543

Gypsurn

N

=

.530

Chalcedony

N

m

=

1.537

Albite

N

m

=

.529

Nephelite

N

=

1.536-1.547

Anorthoclase

N

m

=

.529

Cordierite

N

m

=

i.543=t


21/262

COMMON

MINERALS,

LIMITS

OF

SCALE

OF

REFRINGENCE

Between

3

(positive

low)

and

4

(positive

moderate)

:

Muscovite

........

N

g

=

I.SQ

Anorthite

..........

N

g

==

1.585^

Chlorite

..........

N

m

=

1.57-1.62-}- Beryl

..............

N

=

1.58-1.60

Talc

.............

N

m

=

1.58-1.59 Scapolite

(Ma25Me76)..N

=

i.59

Between

4

(positive

moderate)

and

5 (positive

high)

:

Enstatite .........

N

m

=

i

.66

Forsteritc

.......... N

m

=

i

.66

Calcite ..........

N

=

1.6585

Gehlenite

..........

N

t

,

=

1.658

Sillimanite

........

N

m

=

i.66db

Spodumene

.........

N

p

=

1.65-1.67

Tourmaline

.......

N

=

1.668

(average)

1.65-1.67

(blue

and

green)

Between

5

(positive

high)

and

6

(positive

very

high)

:

Staurolite. . r ......

N

w

=

1.74-1.75

Chloritoid .......... N

m

=

i.74=fc

Grossularite

......

N

=

1.735

Rhodonite

..........

N

=

1.73-1.76

Hedenbergite

.....

N

w

=

1.737

Augite

..........

N

tf

=1.71-1.73

Epidote

(of

moderate

birefringence)

N

m

-=

1.74

1.75.

Between

6

(positive

high)

and

7

(positive

extreme):

Zincite

...........

N

=

2.008

Tilanitc

.......... ~N

g

2.oi

Cassiterite

........

N

=

I.QQ7

Sulphur

..........

N

m

=

2.038

Schorlomite

.......

N

=

1.95-2.01

Picotite

............ N

=

2.05^

It

is

evident

that

an

unknown

mineral

will

not

be

found in

contact

with

all these

limit

minerals.

However,

in thin

sections,

the

unknown

mineral

is

always

immersed

in

Canada

balsam,

and the

index

of

this

substance

is

therefore

commonly

taken

as

a standard.

If

a

mineral

has a

lower index than balsam

its

relief

(and

refringence)

may

be said

to be

negative,

and,

if

higher,

positive.

Unfortunately

balsam is

rarely pure

and

therefore

its index

is

not

invariable;

actual measure-

ments

have shown

that

it

rarely

passes

the

limits,

1.533

and

1.541;

but,

in

order

to

be

on the safe

side,

the

tables include

in

the

division

of

negative

low

relief

minerals

of

indices

up

to

1.544

(=

N

in

quartz),

and

in

the

division

of

positive

low

relief

minerals of

indices

as low as

1.529

(=

N,

in

microcline).

Even then

there

may

be

difficulty

with

sections

prepared

in

the

last

few

years

since

balsam

dissolved

in

xylol

has

come

into

use,

because

such

balsam

may

have

an

index less

than

that of

orthoclase,

perhaps

even below

1.520.

Therefore

it

is

desirable

to

check

the

index

of

the

balsam

by

a

com-

parison

with

that

of

known

minerals,

especially potash

feldspar.

It

is

believed

that

minerals

can

be

classed

accurately

in

this

scale

whenever

they

belong

near

the

middle of one of

the

divisions,

simply

by

comparing

the

relief of the

unknown

mineral

with

that

of

the

various

type

minerals selected or

with

that

of

the

minerals

selected as

limits. For

this

purpose

the

type

minerals or

the

limit minerals

may

be

sought

in

sections

already

available,

or,

more

conveniently,

the


22/262


23/262


24/262

6

INTRODUCTION

first,

on the color

and

pleochroism

of minerals

in

thin

sections,

and

secondarily

upon

the

birefringence.

In

each

subdivision,

thus

formed,

the

minerals

are

arranged

in

the

order

of

increasing

refringence.

Of

course,

minerals

vary

in

color;

they

are

entered

in

the

table

in

as

many places

as

necessary

to

express

all

these

variations,

so

far

as

known;

but

too

much

reliance

should

not

be

put

on

color

alone

as

a

means

of

identifying

minerals.

The

table

may,

nevertheless,

be

use-

ful

as

a

means

of

suggesting possibilities

in

many

cases.

The

fourth and fifth tables

are

designed

primarily

for

use

with

powders

and

immersion

liquids,

though

the

fourth

table

can

also

be

used

to

good advantage

under

favorable

circumstances

in

the

study

of

thin

sections.

The

fourth

table is

based

primarily

upon

the refrin-

gence

of minerals.

It

is

divided

into

two

parts,

the

first

one

including

the

isotropic

minerals

and

the

second one

including

the

anisotropic

minerals.

In

each

part

the

minerals

are

arranged

in

the

order

of

increasing

refringence

and all

known

variations

in

refringence

are

shown

by

means

of

vertical

lines

at

the

right

of

the column

of

indices.

In

the

second

part

of

the

table positive

minerals

are

distinguished

from

negative

ones

by

indenting

the

indices of

refraction

of

negative

minerals

two

spaces

to

the

right.

The fifth table

is

based

primarily

on

the

dispersion

of

minerals,

that

is,

on the

difference

in

index of

refraction

(N,

N

or

N

m

)

in

light

of

the

F

line

wave-length

and

light

of the C

line

wave-length.

In

each

group,

thus

established,

the minerals

are

arranged

in

the order

of

increasing

refringence.

This

table

is

intended for

use

with

powdered

minerals and

immersion

liquids.

It

presents

all

available

data,

but

is

remarkably

incomplete.

Neither

the

relative

abundance nor

the

relative

importance

of

minerals

can

be

measured

quantitatively;

both

are

matters

of esti-

mate

and

vary

with

time

and

place.

Nevertheless,

minerals

vary

so

greatly

in

these

respects

that

it seems worth

while

to

express

this

varia-

tion,

even

though

the

expression

be

only

the

author's

estimate

of

the

condition.

For

this

purpose

the

names

of

minerals

in

the

tables

are

set

in different

styles

of

type,

as

follows:

1.

Bold-face

capital

letters are used

for

very

common

minerals,

like

quartz,

calcite

and

orthoclase,

and

also

for

a

few

very important

minerals

like

nephelite.

2.

Bold-face

lower

case

letters are

used for

common

minerals,

like

tremolite,

rutile,

tourmaline,

etc.,

and also

for

a

few

important

minerals,

like

analcite,

andalusite

and

cordierite.


25/262

TABLE

I.

OPAQUE

MINERALS 7

3.

Ordinary

Roman

type

is

used

for

less

common

minerals,

like

chabazite,

humite and

pectolite,

and

also for minerals

quite

abundant

or

important

in

rare

rocks,

ores

and other

unusual

mineral

aggregates,

such

as

aegirite,

arsenopyrite,

diamond,

galena,

halite,

malachite,

etc.

4.

Italic

type

is

used for

many very

rare

minerals,

such

as

agrico-

lite,

cervantite

and

hillebrandite.

TABLE

I.

OPAQUE

MINERALS

The

petrflgraphic

microscope

is

not

well

adapted

to

the

study

of

minerals

which

are

opaque

in

thin

section;

therefore

only

those

few

of the

commonest

opaque

minerals are included in

the

following

table

which were

included

in

Part

II

of

this

work.

No

one

working

with

the

petrographic microscope

should

expect

to

identify

an

opaque

mineral

with

certainty

unless

it has a

characteristic

color

in

reflected

light,

a

condition

which is

quite

rare.

Nevertheless,

the

commoner

opaque

minerals can

be

recognized

with a

high

degree

of

probability

in

many

cases,

and

the

table

of

opaque

minerals will

assist

in

this

work.

For

accurate

study

of

opaque

minerals

special

mineragraphic

micro-

scopes

should

be used and

the

samples

should not

be

mounted

in

thin

sections,

but

very highly

polished

on

one

uncovered

side.

For

more

complete

directions

for

such work

reference

may

be

made

to the

works

of

Murdoch,

Davy

and

Farnham,

Schncidcrhohn

and van der

Veen.

Minerals which

are

always opaque

in

thin

sections are

included

in

the

following

table,

and,

in

general,

not

included

in

the

other

tables;

minerals

which

are

subtranslucent

to

opaque

in

thin

section

are

included

for

convenience

both

in

the

following

table

and

in

the

other

tables,

so

far

as

known

data

permit.

The

page

references

in

the

following

table

refer to

the

third

edition

of

Part

II

of

this work.


26/262


27/262

TABLE I.

OPAQUE

MINERALS

s

(J*

O

CJ*

* H

O

.a .s

.s

I

.a

C 53 *S

*2

C

I

3

I

13

3

cj

CJ

gr

eg

13

i

P

o>

CJ

*

^-*

in

:q

6

X

*

a

o

o

^

S

cj


28/262

TABLE II. BIREFRINGENCE

OF

MINERALS

In

thin section

it

is

usually

possible

to

estimate

the

birefringence

of

any

unknown mineral at

least

approximately

by

means

of

its

max-

imum

interference

color

and

a

measure

or

estimate

of

the thickness

of

the

section.

Therefore

a

determinative

table

based

primarily

on

the

birefringence

is

highly

desirable. It is

true

that the

chart

of

birefrin-

gences

(Plate

I)

is

based

on the

same

property,

but

the

colored

chart

shows

only

the

rock-forming

minerals and is therefore

incomplete

and

unsatisfactory

when

studying

ores and

other

uncommon mineral

aggregates.

Furthermore,

the

colored

chart

shows

only

the

birefrin-

gence

of

minerals, while the

following

table of

birefringence

serves

to

identify

the

minerals

also

by

means

of their

refringence, cleavage,

color,

crystal

form,

optic sign, optic

angle, optic

orientation,

etc.

Many

minerals

vary

more

or

less

in

their

chemical

composition

and

therefore in

their

physical

properties,

including

their

birefringence.

Each

mineral is

entered

in the

tables

in

as

many

places

as

necessary

to

express

all

variations

in

its

properties,

so

far

as

they

are

known.

For

methods

of

estimating

or

measuring

the

birefringence

of

min-

erals,

see

the

fifth

edition of Part

I,

pages

116-124

and

135-137.

For methods

of

estimating

or

measuring

the

refringence

of

minerals,

see

Part

I,

pages

75-85

and

(for

minerals

in

powder

form)

pages

228-

239

and

248-253.

For a discussion

of

cleavage,

see

Part

I,

pages 29-32.

For

the

purposes

of

this table

cleavages

are

not

considered

to

be

visible

unless

they

are

known

to

be

observed

readily

in

thin

section

or are

described

as

perfect.

For

a discussion

of

color

and

absorption,

see

Part

I,

pages

55-56.

For

methods

of

determining

pleochroic

formulas,

see Part

I,

pages

170, 171,

204,

and 211.

For definitions

of

X,

Y

and

Z,

see

Part

I,

pages

117

and

160.

For

methods

of

distinguishing

between

X,

Y

and

Z,

see

Part

I,

pages

124,

130,

137,

and 211.

For

a

discussion

of

crystal

forms

and

crystal

systems,

see

Part

I,

pages

2-26.

For

methods

of

determining

the

optic

sign,

see Part

I,

pages

129-

132, 138,

148-154,

169,

and

206-213.

For

methods

of

estimating

or

measuring

the

optic

axial

angle,

see

Part

I,

pages

186-189,

211,

226,

and

245.


29/262

TABLE

IL

BIREFRINGENCE

OF

MINERALS

11

For

methods

of

determining

the

optic

orientation

of

a

mineral,

see

Part

I,

pages

170, 171,

205,

and

212.

For

methods

of

measuring

extinction

angles,

see

Part

I,

pages

126,

137,

J

73>

i74,

and

178.

For

a

list

of

abbreviations

and

symbols

used

in

the

table

see

page

xiii.

The

last

column

in the

table

gives

the

page

of

the

third

edition

of

Part

II

of

this

work

on which

a

more

complete

description

of

each

mineral

may

be

found.

Success

in

using

the

table is

absolutely

dependent

upon

accuracy

in

assigning

gin

unknown

mineral

to

the

subdivision

to which

it

belongs;

therefore

the

following

outline

classification

should

be

used with

the

utmost

care.


30/262

12 TABLE

II BIREFRINGENCE

10

t>-

t>-

10

to

M

to

v>

M

M

Ch

8

s

fe

^

I

w

~*

CJ

A

w

S

fa

^

1

I

1

i

S

I-

M

1

o

S

ei

M*

ei

*C

NO

t

'

D 2

'&

U

Mineral

':.

I

ii

tj

.a

o

o*

o

6 o

o

6

O

s s

s

i

1

j9

s

O

O

o

$

o

J

fa

O

Optic

91

HO


31/262

GROUP

2:

N-N

p

=o.ooo;

N>i.

4

8


32/262

14

TABLE

II. BIREFRINGENCE

ntin

M

O

s

il

S

.s

O

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

U

U U

CJ

U

CJ U

CJO

4)

o>

0)

0>

ilil-ii


33/262


34/262

16

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

S

S

\O

M

to

ro

t^.

VO

M

M

o

_

-

a

SW

C

Q

w

.yw-a

3^

^i

1

.^

M

3

O

O

O O

O

O

g

ffi

c8

ffi

,

S

-S

II

.s

3

*^

^

*

CQ

135

C3

OH v3

r

i

CO

jL

10

v

*?

o

^

2 S S

r'

pq PQ PQ

i

/

I

.s

fl

g

o

Q

1

illl

u

W

:.

ii

?-H

u^+

V

\q

o

*-*

oq

^g


35/262

GROUP

6:

Ng-Np=o.ooo;

N>i.74


36/262


37/262

GROUP 6:

N,-Np=o.ooo;

N>r.74


38/262

20



39/262

GROUP

7:

N

g

-N

p

=o.ooo;

N>s.oo

21


40/262

22

TABLE II.

BIREFRINGENCE

M

Ov

fO

O

Tl- v5

M

M

1

1

M

*

9

s

~H

. .

o

10

r^

ro

o

tt

.

. .

d

d d

ii,

ii ii

n_

n_ n_

ii

(

ii ii ii ii

ii ii

ii

ii

ii

H

d

d d

d

d d d d d d d

g

d

d d

d

d

d

-

*j3

_______

' '

T.

III

&

HMMM


41/262

GROUP

96:

N

g

-Np

1.48

i

-

3

y

v

sgwK

1

;ri

K

S

H

ci

II

'

ri

''

. .

W)

vi

fl

f)

---

1

6

fe

o

-

^

CL,


42/262

24

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

N

1

1

N

acters

C

J*?'

S

.

-

o

V

AK

GENCE

VERY

(3

inera

c

5

;?

d

I

*

5

2

V

.2

.2

g

B

-

v

-9

?tf

S

1

1

3

M

ii

a

a

*

ii ii

5

a

pa

^ o

x^

jg

ii ii

w

g

fr

/^

a

v

o

cS u

pi

o

o

^ o

H

o.oo3Si.48


46/262

28

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

OO

2

M

H

O\

OA

10

M H H

H

C/)

CO

M M

O

Q

B

.S

r4

o

> o

o

^

o

o o

>< >^ ^?

o

&

o

o

x

d ci ci

SOQOQ

r/jro^Orfr

^oooooow

oooo

,

X

n rt* _o _o

r2r2rSr23r2

-H

X

o

o

o

o

t-

C>

CO

O

? ? f I?

ti

ti

T3

*G

t

2

o


47/262

GROUP

176:

N

g

-Np>o.oo35i.S3


48/262

30

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

tOOO

H

cB

S o

o

^s* ^

*

1

1

0.003 5

i.s

9


50/262

32

TABLE

II. BIREFRINGENCE

M

W


51/262

GROUP.

2oa: N

g

N

p

>

0.0035

i.74


52/262

34

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

M

vO

C>

ON ^O

OO

M

O\

Q

00

Ov


53/262

GROUP

236:

Nj-1 Sign

-

35

8 2

N

I

CO

U

ega

ence

n

Lecontite

2S

f

V

s

_

-

s

J

J

d

w

JH

CJ

W

|

y

c$

.

J?

H

o

*

t

U

||

.

co

a

s2*ofi

r

.

.

II

> -O vo

I

c^ c/2

^

T3

13

5

j>

'S

J:

^

t; o

r*

,1

S

8

'S

J

o

~T

~;

~~.

~r

3

s

a

a

S

fi

3 3

3

fi

cJ

T3

*o

o

T3

o u

O

N

N

X

N

|J

N

d

>

AI

^2-

N

H

I


54/262

36

TABLE

II

BIREFRINGENCE

n

NO

U

W

K*

V

^

8

V

00

^

.

C5

xSd

|

,0

C5

X X X N

X N

.

A

^

S

5

Jl

u

bi

js

^O

jg

Cl

oj

o

>

I

il

r

^

^J

-' i

Ml

I

II

i?

IIS

bO

/^

$fe

d

^4

^

^

fi

*ti

2

2

21


55/262

GROUP

24*:

Ng

N

p

>o.oo95

1.53 0.59.

Si

8

n 37

*t

-T

W

rP

OS

2

8

.

.

-H

-H

-H

o

73

7J *3

73

73

S S 8

8

8 S

g

o

:HHHHHH8o

X

N

N

N

N

>

>3

^

*

*O

M

u

V3

O

^

IM

g^*S

*

n

**

M

2

S^S

8

1888

8d

*

rS

rS

**


56/262

38

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

.

.0

A

8

_

_

g

_

1 c/5 c/5

*>

_:

^jf

P-t

-

a

a

*.%

sa

0.

o

fl

vS^

o

5

1

>H

O

O

c/5

'

2

^

|l

.a

a

I

.

l

u

X

PH

be

^

g

'l

e

t/l

^c/)

O< P^

2,8


57/262

CROUP

256:

]

s

:^~X

?>

>o.oo(

>

5i.S9.

O

IO

M

W

5- 5

00 00

00

to

:~

2

2 2 8

8

N

H

M

M

H H

ii

II

XX


58/262

40

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

t*

iO O\

vO vO

vO

*fr

*

O

00


59/262

GROUP

260: N

g

-N

p

>

0.0095

1.66

^

So

-

*^

*S

*g

-^


65/262

GROUP

$ib:

Nf-Np

>o.oi8si.S3


66/262

48

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

111

8 Si

O

M

o

O

O

||

x

M

x

x


67/262

GROUP

326:

N

f

-N

p

>o.oi8si.sg


68/262

50

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

XI

.

A

*

f

i

X

o

+

Ar?t

.

O

O

-H

q

*

^

.

|.

.

d

,-,

?

V

o

g

. .-H

+

+

4

.^

i .

s-

if

1

1

1

-^ T3

-a

-73

-d

H

O

. a

^

HUM

cS ?5

W

45

e5

#

oj

I

g

ll

PH

3

o

J cJ

oo

o3

c3

oo

-

.

-s

ffi

S

,;

v,

-s-

--3

^

-

sr

^-

. .

.

g

>

3

rs

^3 r3

&

$

CO

C/3

CD

^

CO

K

88

o


69/262

GROUP

33/>:

Ng-N

p>o.oi8si.66


70/262

52

TABLE

II

BIREFRINGENCE

8

5

8

S

''

w

a?

o

O

_4

.

*J

O

**^

M*

CO

||

V

>H

^

4

J

*

^

A

.

II

SOX

II

II

O

O

si N

A

V

W

5.1

CO

SJ

V

'-H

v

-s

S

S

if

2 2

.

PQ

PQ

O

Tl

4 7

s

II

.

-K O

O

*?

8

'

u

o

UD

u

N

V

^H

4J

I

M

JD

vi

*J >

v.

A

i

II

o II

. a

is

-^

-^

H

1

5

1

I

til

*

o

cS

o

^

***

1? W

ts .4S

iiii-i-l'

i I

s

3

D

-H

tflg

o

S

O

CO

-H -U

II

si

:

=

s

s

H

NJ

SJ

o

H

H

N

i

II

A,

vs

SJ

Vi

O

C3

M

:--S8-2

^

o .o

H

,q

-I

.o

fc

N

|M


71/262


72/262

54

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

U

A

W

^

H

^S

v

o

o

o

X N

o

o

o

3

.

.

.

^

S

-S

-

S

d

'g

.

.^

|

.S

S

.

=1

-S

-g

?

t

9

1

h

K

S

o

Q

h

-

.

d

4-

.

^

W

44

i-rt

._

oooo

bp

bp

o

O

g OOOOh-3HHO^

g

v>

I^

O

li li

.

ooooooo

_o

a

g

M

M

S S

^

-

u

o

u*


77/262

GROUP

440:

N^-N

p

>o.o275


78/262

60 TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

94

E

W

tf

M

PQ

W

ft

o

A

if

3

^

O

*

TRON

NCE

S3

I

P4

h

U

M

u

I

o

.

u

3

o

B

O fO

v>

M

Tj-

M

**

00 00

M

t*

.

w

*

T3

2 o

S

OOO

f ^_;

^_;

*


79/262

GROUP

470:

N^

N

p

>

0.0365

i,66


80/262

62

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

Tf


81/262


82/262


83/262

GROUP

52a:

N

f

-N

p

>

0.0365

i.54r

W

V

V

3

A

SON

~

5

N

V

r ^

_J rH

X*

T

..

(J)

Qj

S

M

W

I

.

.8

.

.

o

be

v

.

^P

J?*

ci

ON

M

M

II

II

.

rn

-f

r

II

-3

-3

N

X Ss

3

t

HO

-O

ii

>H Q

*i

jlql

^

y

^

W

.

9

ffl

.

t

|

t

t

if

-*

?

II.

-3

t

>HQ>H

^X^XOC^X

g

o

^

*

111

fej

^

^O

ite

2

-J

t^l

O

OQ

.-

S

tS

i 'H

y

ill

*x

J'5

.t;

-^

5

fc

fe;

q

43

43 43

ti

ti

tJ

O

O O

,*_,

pkH

-1-t

l-l

4J

^_)

*J

Q

5

'

o,

B

o

H

-H

O O

O

i

>

00

O

w

ooo

**f

I>M

I>S.HH

ooooo

O

o

o

g

o^

O

O

C/5

O

a

s

J

M

M S S

E^88l-|-

2

A

-a

2

'is

,^

8,c88--8^

^ind

3'S

^X

x

^

s

>

tf

8 8

Jl

a

i2

H

H==

2

Z

,M-

S

X X

N

H

M


84/262

66

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

00

MOOOOOOCO

O>


85/262

GROUP

540:

Ng-Nj>>

0.0545;

N or

N

m

>

1.66

00

O

C< M

o

2

,0

CJ

ffi

vd

\q

M

V

o

10

H

A

S

X

W)

II

N

>

>

v

A

v

.

be

o

yj

||

u^

^

M

C

r-3

OJ

O

V)

II

II

II

OO

OO

M *

X

X X

M

M

cd J

g

a

O

O

^

43

till

W M

M M

g

'3

'o '8

M M

M

M


87/262

GROUP

55

0.0545;

N

or

N

m

>i.74H

N

N

to

fc it ...

ii

II

A

_'

O

-5

.

1

-S

.S

-a

4

^

5

1

1

^

I

fej

H *

3

%

G

(/)

t/3

bV

O

'/>

t/5

**

S

jy

^

ii

&

>

fi

fi

iJ

>,

o

,55

i-2

o

fi

^

c

a

^

co

W

^3

S

rj

O

ft

PQ

.

. x

o

d

d

d

o

o

o

S

S S

II

^

5>

ii

4>

_:

_

H

g

b

60

fi

8

-S

1

1

-8

w

AH

|> |>

P^

111*

'S

'S

'5

'3

2

o

M

M H

M

W

.j

*

v

Pi

.52 .23

.2

8ts3

$f

O

O

M

v^

O

M M

M

H

H

H

H

O

S

*

v

-a

uv^o

ii

S

i

H

8 3

S 2

S

t

1

(SJISIN

HH

H

-4

H<


88/262

70



89/262

GROUP

556:

Ng-N

p

>o.o545;

N or

N

m

>i.74


90/262

72

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

1

v? \O

t

.-,

a

d

+

'o

c/5

I

&

.

.

N

.

*

P

CO

||

if

o

'

ii

M

N

.

fe

2v

v

*?&

*gx

H I

ij

C3

I

.

S

o

C

r 1

K->r

^

(3

T5

T3

PH

s

e

M-

-3

2

B

PQ

c/5

PQ PQ

llllllll-'

S

-s

rv.

4

1

^

ts

d

-5 -s

^SSSSSSSS -;

H

O


91/262

GROUP

566:

N,-Np>o.os4S;

N

or

N

m

>2.oo.

Sign

-

73

ii?J

111

till

2

H

S

O


92/262

74

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

OOOOO

.

O

2 2

1

o

M

o

13

tb

fcb

bb

''

13

OW

OO

CC:C >H

O

^

2

8

3

3

J2

8


93/262

GROUP

566: Ng-N

p

>

0.0545;

N or

N

m

>2.oo.

Sign-

75

3

*

CU[o

;r

*>

ti

TJ*

5x1

H-6

ss

II

VJ

O

H

M

8

=

H

-I

8

H*

XV

i>

M

rS

i^

1

M

ts

X

ti

t:

t:

8

8.

g

8,

8,

i

H

M

i

M M

O

%

8~~

o

o

o

Q

^

H

O

M


94/262

76

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE


95/262

GROUP

186:

N,

-

N

p

>

0.003

S

i.

S9

s

V

00

N

V

X

II

o

*

&

II

g

II

dux

V

to

A

M

V

II II

,

d

d

A

fi

8

8

2;

'

*

>

o,

O

O

I

o,

p

2

o

o,

O

X

8

N

tJ

8

S

N


96/262

78

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

II

BIREFRINGENCE

4.

*

1

1

i

1.

+

T

*

,

4-

>>

?.

-So

S d

.a.

35

K

S

i

11

a

5

>

6

S

M

Q

i

j


97/262

GROUP

256:

N

fl

-N

p

>o.ooosi.5

9


98/262


99/262

GROUP

3i&:

N

c

-Np>o.oi8sT.

S3


100/262

82

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE II BIREFRINGENCE

H

#

vO*

M *

ON

?

+

o

^

.3

*

'

M

8

o.o275

1.59

*

1

^ 1

I

A .S

'

1

3

1

j;

;g

^

tl

H

O

V

i

.

ll

l

c

-g

1

o

A-.

re.

Q

^

+

-a

H

rN


103/262

GROUP

480:

N0-N

p

>o.o365i.74


104/262


105/262

GROUP

540:

N

a

-iN

p

:

N0

N

p >o.o545;

N or

N

m

>i.66


106/262

88

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

II.

BIREFRINGENCE

o

s

03

6

s

A

U

~

s

Minera

g

IS

1

II

N

o

>

M

A

s

8

I

V

V

A

d

=5

=5

-

.

>

S H

.2> J>

I

Q

o

i

I

1

u

.S

_

_

_

_

^

-a -a

WOO

II

u d o

o*

d

&

o

II ll

t

II II

II II

II

II

II

o

o

6

o

o

o

o

o o

;

II II

i

o

o

s

a

1

1

a

.


116/262


117/262

IV.

YELLOW

MINERALS

PLEOCHROIC

97

Cha

-H

a

CD

U

Min

X

$

o

^-

'y

*S

*

S

s

J

I

^

N

55

|.s

.

d

ffi

r/J

J

^

g

1

rJ

ti

S

OOP


118/262

98

TABLE

III.

COLOR

s

6

w

p

g

I

V

3

fe

S

x

fe

Cha

o

Mineral

N

X

ll II H

H

H

tf

.

I'

'I

I'

'S

.

-H

OW)

00

M

q

.

. .

ft

S S

S

00

g

4-

I I I

I I

I

I I

4-

I I

4-4-

A

a,

(

1

3

X

8

*

c3

2

2

2

(3

6

c3

2


119/262

IV.

YELLOW

MINERALS

PLEOCHROIC

99

3

.o

H

X Q

Q

il

4

N

II

II

3

QOOO) OO


129/262

X. BROWN

AND

RED MINERALS

109

\O

> NO

t*

H

4

s

*.

OO

M

NO

H

OO

M

CO

to IO

H M

^f

M

CS

M

ct

9

-H

2

H

73

:-H

o

4

II

,

G

d

.-

'

.

N

o

roN


130/262


131/262

XII.

RED

MINERALS

NOT

PLEOCHROIC

111


132/262

112

TABLE

III. COLOR


133/262

XIII.

RED

MINERALS

PLEOCHROIC

11

t>-

8

t^

OO

M H

00

ON

O O

M W

(^O

^^ci^H^^^^

J3

.

o

^

o

V

TS

-S

3

.5

3

X

>*

u

u

-H -H

~

t/3 t/3

I

i

^

a;

a

J.


134/262

114

TABLE

III.

COLOR

$

2

CN

CN

Characters

4

75

.

M

X

II

H

II

N

H

-

Jf

H

^

-

'

o

O

-

.

H

8

w

8

II II

II

II II

II

H

II II II II

H

Tl

to

vq

oq

oq


145/262

XXIII,

GREEN

AND

YELLOW MINERALS

125

10

O

M

W

VO

M

S 8

u

ft,

.

d

^

o

^

^r

^

H

:

IP

S3

X

o3

X

S3 bb

II

II II

tS

;*

> > H

c3

II

II

v

r

J

^;

A

> 3

u

N

.

o

S-dBA^Sf

^ *

8

3

o

X

8

X

a

-

H

^

g

1

*t

X

.

8

s

g

.

w

^

^

v

-2

g

*n

22

^

L*

J

13

3

^

to

S3

?%

.

S

>*

^Q

II

II (I II

II II

ii

-

S3

73

a

X

M

si

8

II H

S*j ^t

r* rS

si w)

si

II

II H

s

a

oo

oo

4-111

41

o

o

i

O

O

o o

o o

41

-H

q

o

M

._


146/262

126

TABLE

III.

COLOR

00

CO

O

00

a

-H

MO

SI*

S3

So

&

b

-

g

1

1

S

S

N

S SsS

8 8

|

-s

8 8

o

o o

3 >H

-

N

o

&

m

>

W

J W

M

fid

cq

>t

O

. TlTl

< >H

o

o o

ro

Q

00 00

ON

l

O

H

cl

O

^ci^

II

5

^

O

v>

I

XX

fi

8 8

H

-H b

b

N

X

J

.

^rj

5

nrt

r

^

$

S 45

M

.

>< c4

O

P4

41

-H

-ti

-H 41

-H

to

6

O

Qv

O

O

vO

>O NO

l^

fr

to

Hi

-H ^ -H

-^

*

oo

O

vO

NO

vo

NO

r*

H

-Hv3

41 -H

NO

O

N

Q Q*

NO

1^

^-

00

CO


148/262

128

TABLE

III. COLOR

-3

II

II

,

II

II

II

II

II II II

^

H

w

a

s

o

a

H-^

OOOO^O^OQ

O'

v

II II

II

3

q

o

V

q

I

I I

+

d

A

A

A

.

q

o

1 1

+

4-

+

S

53 K'

.

1

|

o

|

i*

to

fr-

^s

^

O

8

S

^;

PQ

uTiTii-r

O

V)

t^

O

H

TIT|T|IO TI

Ti


149/262

XXVI.

GRAY

MINERALS

129

00

t

O

w

80

O

M

ro

vO

?O

t~*

*


150/262

130

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

III.

COLOR

O

w

S

PQ x

*^

w

^

to

^

M

H

I

I

*

I

Mineral

N

H

-0

A

1

1

Birefri

ndylite

II

o

A

X

III

M

M

M

M

M


151/262

VI.

YELLOW AND RED

MINERALS

131

00

d

O

8

f

H

H

i.

>< >

o

o o

o

sr

&

3-

+

4-

i

ti

^

^

o

H

IcS

I

i*

il

-^

^

00

q

d

V

b-4 9

d

V

q

d

A

&

M

O

3

ill

_

I

3

a

i

2

o *

o

A

I

+

I

(/)

C/3

H

M

Ar

PQ


152/262

132

SUPPLEMENTARY

TABLE

III

COLOR

I

Cha

II

d

3

(JH

H

o

B

&

PQ

-

d

d

+

i

S

q

d

A

|

q

d

V

y

o

S

q

o

A

S

*

ft

w S

**

z

3

Mineral

a

S

I

1

1

S:

BRO

S3

B

CH

X

O

u

8>


153/262

XXIII.

GREEN

AND

YELLOW

MINERALS

133

o

G

bio

O

73

o

o

H

N

q

d

V

10

oo

M

q

d

A

Bire

O

o

-

fiQ

O

:

-3:i

*?-3|

>;3^

.

%i

OA

> -?

drs-J,'

at

r/5

II

.: fX ll

c^

II

v

a

>

to

CO

OO

W

II

II

II

i

o'^

N

II

.

oo

-^

cvJ

^

f *

II

.;

II

6

^

.

o

^

M -:

^

^

c>

||

r

H

^

es

||

^

u

^

^

^

ii

||

^

^

IT

II

H

II

XN^XOXS^NXXX^NO^N^N^d^dX^

II

o

X

2

>*

M

It

II

>H

u

11

-U

Tl Tl

fO

II

k^ k,4

O O

CO

k^rSrS

ON

i^

M

jQ

^HH^

j

5

y

.

^

80

II

II

Js

*

H

Vi

vj

N

J3

2

N

SI

SI

H3

173

*H

SH

w

P

J3

co

co co

co PQ co co^^^ll^ll

a a

co

co

|

d d

3

3

3

r c

>cococococoCJcoco

i

3 3

I

CO

CO

i

ite

:

C o 3 S

-e

-S

I

H

ft,

eq

bd

K,

^

a-U

3

3

.|

I

*

.$

|

|

^

Ji^lll

te

te

P

C

ON

f^

* ?'

^- rf

CO

to

vO

t^

rj-

-^

Tf

rv.

H

to

vO vO

CO

b>. r^-.

vo

to

t^

^ rf

TJ- rt -t

lOM MOO ONOO

O

toO

^h^^^^-^^^-^-*

vO

*O

N

H

ON

%

N

||

0*

rt-

I

'

co

o

H

II

3

Vi

V.

H?

H

'

II


172/262

150

TABLE

IV B.

REFRINGENCE

CO

VO

>

M

OQ OO O

O

ON

O

*^O\O

M

W

COOW

^fO

POOQvO OOOQO

Q>

*>

MMONOOOOOOO

M

Tf

C-1

Tf

^-

M

B

W

CJ

.

w

w

rs

N

1

?i -

W

-H

-N

'

G

||

_

bo

-

ffi

I

n

8

^

K>>>>>>wHi

s

.4i>K

>

>-

>

r

h.

t

;*^

CS-^MCSC^CsWr^SMCJfNVJW

Cleavage.

Opt.

Orien

-H

xx^xs^ts^^^-

IHHoHogoo

.

MO>OQ

-O^j

^kJ'v'i

^sg^sg^HN

MM

H

8

8

8

3

&

i

J

o

;

_

o

^

^

-C

CO CO

C/3

CO

CO

o

ral

M

00

N

^

^ a

A

s

s

2

ri

3

I

5

*

$

oS8-28iS

g w

,

t^t

i

iiiltll

O

to

O ^t

*o

Tt*

Q*

to

O

*O

rJ'OOO'T'^t '^'CO'J''^'fO

VO

vo to

O

to

to

to

to

to

IO

xo

O IO

O

tO

\O

\O vO

^

**

Tf

to

to

to

tO

H M

t

to

to

O

O

to

10

to

M

to

tO

M


173/262

No

or

N

m

-i.528

to

1.562

151

I

-

$

.

,

~2

o

-4-

.

~T

o

o_

o

o-

to

vo

o-

M

to

tx>

^

M

to

10

to to to

*O

to

to

to

IO

H

RL

H

Je H

J_^

Ii

g_

< *

->

4-

O

vO

to

u

TftOtOtOM

M

M

lOt^OOOO

H

OvTl

lotototo

-lototo

tovo

10 to

to

to

M

10

to

to

to

to

o

o

to to

to to

V,


174/262

152

TABLE

IV

B. REFRINGENCE

vOOOOO^J

p

MO

v

OONOQ

N

> Ov OO

>

*$

t^

OQ

t>

o

r>. t> t>

O O

N

^

Cha

^

~H H

~H TI

o

TI

X XX

o

X X X

X X X

S ^

X X X

o

N

>,

o

j

P-i

g

gj gj

ra

J

PH

W

33

o

SSIS^S^ 11.3

O'OOMO

^OO'OvOvQ

IO

IO IO IO

IO

-ti

,-

,-,

o

^JiKiit

b^

o

.

VO

'

to

1O

IO O

to

-i^

O to

't

*

v

to to

'

O

^

loioioto

\otototo

NO

10

M

IOIO

t

i-*

t-

M

QO

CO

to

to

to

10

o


175/262

No

or

N

w

=

1.565

to

1.58 153


176/262

154

TABLE IV B. REFRINGENCE

tO

M

O

ON

f

O

-

t^

Tt

M

O\00

Tt-CS O

to IO

H

t

55

s

tototoo

-

toj>

Oo

*^

S

3

H

-H

*OOtOtOtototOlO


177/262

N

or

N

m

=i.s8

to

1.59

155

t>.

Q\

o

o

X

8

N

8 8

,H

2

8

8 8

8

8

II II II

SJNNX

N

;*NI>


178/262


179/262

No

or N

m

=i.S9

to 1.60

157

MOO

ONO

W

rt

1

ON

if O NO OO

M

lO

vO

M

t>-

r.

H

lO

t*

ON

cs

O

N

Th

w

OvO

to

M

^w

M

ONMNO

ONCOfOfOONfOO

3

S

S

8

HoHOM

Q

-H

~.s

3

8

8

8

8

>

si

V

o

3

o

n

I'

W

1

.

*

X

.

JOHJ

O

'

O

CJ

II

^i

o

0)

a

-H

2

X

x'

o

H-

2

8

N

H

H

~

b

; .

^

^

^

g

o

i/->t-.i^C>

'

OOOO

O\


181/262

No

or

N

w

=i.6o to

1.618

159

t^.

NO

NO

w

to

Tt

M

*

H

NO

^

'

00

N^-dMMWTfrW TfHMWMHMMdMM

SJ

ANN

X

v

A

N

I

A

aSv

II

X

n

7

.

c

o

o

o

u

N

W

i

V

_

lo-

8.

o

Ro

g.

-H

ti

i

N

>*

N

a

a

a

^

a

a

CO

CO

CO fr

CO CO

II

II

II

'

>

> >

*

W

II II

CO

*'

B

i

N

_l_Xdb

sd -^

X

N

N

-H 41 -H

K^ k^ K^

-tMH-HH-l-H

o

q

8 8

8

M

8

8 8

8

H

8 8 8

8

8 8

o

S

8

o

X

8 x

o

?

8

M

H

S

H

X

H

rt

na ra

CO CO CO

CO

CO

CO

dd

'

d

d

3

W

I

0>

v

3

3

S

5

'

a?2>^|.-S

oasis

llllJtHS*

1 *

&H

U

^

O

O

ft

a

S

-S

C5

a^flS

ON

O^

i*

w

iLjOtjO..*

wO^Ov/OONOO

O^r^woO

H

tOto

**3

NO

'M^rf^rf

NOtONONOvOtONOvO

totovOto vO

H

M

i4

4j^4i^4J4l

Q>

'w^

l

^^'^HHHMHMMWrMHHHM

H

co~cs

j

^

O

&o Toff

fc~ b~

&

^

HWCHONOSCO^.O

^

NO

to

NO

to

'

oO~

.

_

___

),

^

4

-

.

~~~~~J1~

_tZTJj~

M

O

V

M

M

M M

M M

M M M

M

M

M

M

^11

\o

NO

vfi

\o NO

vO

NO

NO

NO NO

NO

vO

NO

NO NO

vo

71

... ....

...

.....

VO*OMMW

WWHM

MMMHCOCOHM^fMMWr*f-.OOw

O

O

HMH

M

M M

M

MM H

M M

M

H H

HHH

M

M

W

M

HH

H M

M

M


182/262

160

TABLE IV B.

REFRINGENCE

Tf

CO

t>.

VO

M

1O

LO

Q\

M

H M

^

-H

-H

-H-HJ1

X

X N

N

N

X

>

6

Min

00

s^

O

vO

H

H

H

OO

M

HHHH


183/262

N

or

N

m

=

i.6i8

to

1.63

161

M

MOO ON

*>

t^

ON rf

O

r-

M

M

00

10

v

O

O

co

ON

w

*

^

M

roOM

w>

S-.

op

II

II

M

I

*if*

^N*J

&

..

A.-?

NJ

A

r=

II

>

x

w

*s

x

.

II

pN|

-

A

-o>-

^^

^

^

?

II

O

H

?

II

?

||

H

.If

H

,

H

*3iaA*fc d*$i*J

M

ia

^>;

c^

c^

'^S

'JS

iO

,D

K

. .

-

a

a a

C d CS Ci

ti

-H

-H -H

tSois

O*

W

vovOvovOvOO


184/262

162

TABLE

IV B.

REFRINGENCE

VO O

M

Tf

3

oO

ON

fO

&,oX

n co

N

SI

II

S3

V

N

^

fe-3

-H

A

a

M

>.

KH

O

k/

0)

r

K

(2

^

i i

.

? ...

O

N

&

**

O

v>

'

^

ji

JL

>

ji

t

SJ

r*

M


185/262

No

or N

w

=i.63

to

1.64

163

PP

C

H

8

N

N

H

O

o

o

~

rd r=

^3 ^3

c/3

CO

/;

PM PH

.3

ill

; < t?

^

^

a

3

JJI

10

n

*i-

O so

so

H

IO

N

M

M

-H

O

vO

O

10 10

M


190/262

168

TABLE

IV B

REFRINGENCE

g

6

^

g

-

gj

3

d

gj

gj

J

|

|

d

d

5

in

r

.11.

OOOsirjvOHM

*.

iovo

vovO

\O

>O

J>J>


191/262

No

or

N

m

=

1.662 to

1.671

M

00 vO

OO

vO

QvfOW

ONOO

rfr ro

W

O

*-

pv

H

O

O

ON

OOO

l

OOQf}OO*

s

H

o8

sg

x8^x

rs

-XH

^

^

O

H

M

OHM

O

IT

M

JS

NX

O^

38

X

^^

MllS

8^2

>

H

oj

O

O

o

2

S

o

f^'

ra

^

a

^

jP

co

co

co co co

PH

P^

o ra

W

co

CO

CO CO CO

CO CO CO

CO

CO

ra ra rs

COCOCO

CO CO

S

'f

o

d

00

ON

w

+

vo

O

41

;

S

8.S

O

00

H

10 10

vo

-H

H

vO

VO

\O

I

H

-H

o

o

H

o

_

M

^

O

H H M

M

V)


192/262

170

TABLE

IV

B. REFRINGENCE

O

M

00

CO

M

u

M

I

O

-

>HjH

^H

. O O

g

o-

d

Jo'Mo

'^?^0

>

^t

*

.

O

I

^

I'

^

j>

co

2(

Q\ vo S

w

GO 8

C

fA^ij

* >

^^^i

OO

W

I'

I'

il

i

'I

?^

II

r

H

1^

H

*

^

> > > *

CJ

vO

^

10

to O

T-

M

M

Th

-^

CI

MOO

M

MOO

fO

f-

rO

1O

-- M

-^t-oooo

H

rf rj-

M M (N


194/262

172

TABLE

IV B.

REFRINGENCE

O

N


195/262

No

or

N

OT

=

1.685

to

1.70

173

toO

M

M

TfOO

1-*.

.? c/5

c/)

f75

U

CO

teljil|t l_

e

$î

s-s

1

1:

^^âc t2e

5

8

5

1

o

H

S

-a

o

o

a

o

w

S

HI

o

ri

S

Ti H

M H W

-H

H

OOv

O

NO

N

Q\

NO

OÔÔMO^

NO

NO

I

s

*

t^

NO

N

OÔ)

NO

î

O\

NO

N

Qx

NO

8. R

RRR


196/262

174

TABLE

IV

B.

REFRINGENCE

t

MTt-CO^^^^HIMHTf

Ch

a

a

.s

H

l

l

a

05

SO

8

ia

fe

ii

nfi

ii

r

a

^

>>^>

H

J>^o-o-%

oo

00

to

ii ii ii it ii

>

> >

>

>

o>

fl

ff-8

g

in

tooo

voooooo

2

s

OH

8

H

S

W

u

o

EXH

M

1^

PQ

PQ

H

U

Minera

v

o

oooo

a

\O

OvO

vO

^HHM^MM-JiM.

I qT

3

.l~8T

s

'

i/>oOOQOO OOOOOO

jO

O


197/262

No

=

i.7

to

1.722

175

00

OO

M

t>

p ,o*kd

i>

C/3

^5

i-J

>7'

H

|

to

b ^ 2& ^

td

i

^P:^i7;::'

'Jv

n

XH

N

L'e

O

v

C

X

-M

W

rt

Date post:	02-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	deportes4
View:	223 times
Download:	0 times

Elements of Optical Mineralogy -A.N. Winchell - Part 3

Documents