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Coronal mass ejections A critical view of interpretations

H.S. Hudson (UC Berkeley)

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Background information

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G. A. Gary, Solar Phys. 203, 71 (2001)

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Historical observations

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Original “ICME” (from Chapman & Bartels)

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Tempel’s sketch of 18 July 1860(from Eddy, 1974)

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Context information

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Hudson & Cliver, JGR 26, 25,199 (2001)

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Recent discoveries

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Sheeley et al., 1999

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Vourlidas et al., 2003

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Trans-equatorial X-rayinterconnecting loops

http://solar.physics.montana.edu/nuggets/

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CME association of TIL disappearances

May 6, 1998 event Near-homologous sequence (3 events)

Khan & Hudson, GRL 27, 1083 (2000)

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Pohjolainen et al., 2001

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Interpretationscritical commentary

• Flares and CMEs• Interactions between CMEs• Association with global waves• Disconnection and current sheets• Particle acceleration• Nature of coronal equilibrium• The problem of CME homology• Formation of flux rope

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Issue #1: Flares and CMEs

Zhang et al, 2001

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Issue #2: Interactions between CMEs

Gopalswamy, 2004

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Issue #3: Association with global waves

Hudson et al., 2003

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Issue #4: Disconnection and current sheets

Ko et al., 2003

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Issue #5: Particle acceleration

Klassen, Pohjolainen & Klein, 2003

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Issue #6: Nature of coronal equilibrium

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Issue #7: The problem of CME homology

Nitta-Hudson 2001

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Issue #8: Formation of flux rope

July 15, 2002: Fletcher et al. (2004) Gary & Moore (2004) Li et al. (2004) Lui et al. (2003)

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Li et al., 2004

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Conclusions

• The new evidence points to a tight relationship between CME and flare brightening.

• The CME energy seems to be stored in the low corona prior to eruption.

• We have a mystery regarding shock strength and diffusive shock acceleration theory.