Emilio Aguinaldo

By: James, Dessie, Jessie, and Chase

Background

• Filipino general, politician, and independence leader

• First president of the Philippines

• Played an instrumental role in Philippine Revolution against Spain

• Philippine American War

Philippine Revolution

• 1894- Katipunan (KKK): secret organization fighting for independence from Spain

• Katipunan Revolt 1896• Aguinaldo head of

revolutionary government not recognized by Spain

Pact of Biak-na-Bato• Spanish pressure intensified• Aguinaldo signed pact• Ended hostilities and dissolved government • Gained amnesty and $800,000• Voluntarily exiled to Hong Kong

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

• Provisional revolutionary government in Philippines

• Spanish continued to arrest and harass Filipinos

• Pact was disregarded by both sides

Battle of Manila Bay- May,1898

• Spanish-American War• George Dewey- blockaded

Manila• Return of Aguinaldo to

Philippines from exile• Resumed command of

revolutionary forces• Declaration of Philippine

Independence- June 1898

Philippine American War- 1899• Feb 4- Filipino shot by American

sentry, beginning of conflict• June 2- First Philippine Republic

officially declared war on US• Under Aguinaldo command,

Philippine forces were a disaster• March 23, 1901- Aguinaldo

captured by US General Funston• April 19, 1901- Took an oath of

allegiance to US, recognizing US sovereignty

US Territorial Period

• Aguinaldo supported groups that demanded immediate independence

• Sedition Act of 1907- made display of Philippine flag illegal

• Ran in Philippine Presidential Elections of 1935 but lost to Manuel Quezon

Japanese Territorial Period• WWII, 1941- 1945 Japan controlled Philippines• During Japanese occupation, Aguinaldo cooperated

with Japanese efforts• Americans retook Philippines after WWII• Over 1 million Filipinos dead during war• Aguinaldo arrested and accused of collaboration of

Japanese

Philippine Independence-1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934) provided self-

government of the Philippines and for Filipino independence

Repatriation Act of 1935- provided Filipinos free passage back to the Philippines

Treaty of Manila (1946)-Recognized independence and relinquished sovereignty

Post-American Era

• Aguinaldo appointed as member of Philippine Council of State in 1950

• Dedicated efforts to veterans’ interests/welfare

• Honorary Doctor of Laws• Died on Feb 6, 1964 at 94 years

old• 5 peso bill depicting Aguinaldo