En PPT EVS SWP Indian Sharadha Srinivasan

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Rivers Of India

By: SharadhaSrinivasanSishugriha School, Bangalore



Rivers and

human

civilization



Rivers and Human Civilization

• Rivers played a very important role in the development and maintenance ofCivilizations.

• With the discovery of the usefulness of water in food production, man realized thathunting and gathering were not the only ways to produce food!

• Now with the constant supply of water, man could reliably and in a sustainablemanner grow plants intentionally.

• This discovery alleviated the need to search and gather food. Agriculture was hardwork but yielded huge benefits:

–

Larger food supply led to decreased starvation which further led to increasedsettlements, communities and later cities.– This led to an increase in trade and commerce. Rivers served as important modes

of transport and transportation for the same.– As wealth and trade increased huts were replaced by houses, which further shaped

the ‘civilized’ world.



Indian Rivers

– an overview



Indian rivers overview

Himalayanand

KarkoramRanges

Vindhyas,Satpuras,CentralPlateau

WesternGhats

India

ArabianOcean

Bay ofBengal



Ancient Indian river

civilizations



Indus Valley CivilizationThe ancient civilizations of the Indian sub-continent

were in and around two mighty river systems

– The Indus Valley Civilization (mature period2600–1900 BCE), abbreviated IVC, was anancient civilization in the IndianSubcontinent that flourished around the IndusRiver basin. Primarily centered along theIndus river, the civilization encompassed mostof what is now Pakistan, mainly the provincesof Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan, as well asextending into the modern day Indian statesof Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, and Rajasthan.

– Nearby the Saraswati civilization, based onthe now dried-up Saraswati river, a river thatin ancient Indian historic texts is described asfar mightier than the Ganges, and suspectedof drying up due to tectonic shifts in the upper

reaches of the Himalayas.

The sites of theMohenjadaro and

Harappa along theIndus River Valley



The Saraswati Civilization

"Pure in her course from themountains to the ocean, aloneof streams Saraswati hathlistened."

- Rig Veda

The Saraswati river, believedto be now mostly disappeared

underground, was the locusof one of the most ancient ofhuman civilisations



The mother of

Indian rivers-

Ganga



Ganga is born in the Gangotri glacier at the foothills of the Himalayas (14,000 ft) high up in the Himalaya Mountains of Uttaranchal. Gaumukh is the giant ice-

cave from where the Ganga originates.

The first town she reaches on leaving the mountains is Rishikesh. At this point she is wider and slower. She

becomes a „real‟ river, no more the turbulent stream that

flows through canyons and ravines.

Her main flow is through the Gangetic plain: the vast flat land that stretches from the north to south of the state of Uttar Pradesh and from its west all the way to the eastern

state of West Bengal. She is a source of water for agriculture, passing through famous towns such as

Varanasi.

Finally, past Kolkata in the east, the Ganges reaches the ocean – creating one of the world largest river deltas and

home to the beautiful Sundarban forests.



The Brahmaputra



The origin of the Brahmaputra is in southwestern Tibet as the Yarlung River. The river takes birth at the Mansarovar of the Himalayas, flows through Tibet,China, Burma, India and joins with River Ganges in Bangladesh.

Called the Tsangpo in Tibet, it flows past the towns of Xigatse and Tsedang and then climbs north. It curves

around a majestic mountain called the Namche Barwa,shortly before entering India.

Along the Brahmaputra are a thousand chars or river islands. Several nomads live on them who wander from

one island to another.

Finally, passing through Bangladesh, it becomes the Padma river and enters the Bay of Bengal in the

Sundarbans along with the Ganges.



River Kaveri – The

Ganga Of SouthIndia



Kaveri starts as a small spring in Karnataka Talakaveri, high up in the Brahmagiri mountains of the Western Ghats. At this spot stands a temple which has a tank filled with the river‟s water.

A little further down, the Kaveri forks to form a rocky island called Srirangapatna; until the end of the 18th

century this was the capital of the Mysore kingdom. It is believed that Lord Vishnu himself came and resided in

these islands.

At Sivasamudram, the Kaveri tumbles down as rapids and waterfalls, where the river plunges downward in a

wonderful cascade to a depth of 300-350 ft. She falls with

tremendous force and her waters are used to generate hydroelectricity.

Kaveri enters the sea in a triangle-shaped delta in Tamil Nadu. The delta is large and covers 14 lakh hectares of

land. The ancient temple town of Tanjavur stands at the

head of the delta.



The Narmada ,

rivers and theenvironment



The Narmada is born in a small tank called “Narmada

Kund” on the Amarkantak Hill in Eastern Madhya

Pradesh.

The Kanha National Park lies close to the Narmada in the Maikal Plateau. Unusual species of birds and animals are found here. This is a protected area and was declared a

Tiger Reserve in 1974.

The Sardar Sarovar project is part of a plan to take Narmada‟s waters to states further away where there is

little rainfall and not much water for people and crops.

But the dangers if this plan materializes are many: Earthquakes and flood caused by this man made structure threaten the area around it. In response to these concerns, that the Narmada Bachao Andolan movement grew to try and answer questions like (i)Are big dams more dangerous than useful?

(ii) Are there other ways of collecting water for drinking, irrigation, and electricity? (iii) Will those who lose their homes be given land somewhere else?



Conclusion



Conclusion

• The large geographic span of India has a variety of rain-fed and mountainglacier fed rivers, that have sustained the ancient civilization of India, andstill today continue to provide livelihood and sustenance for the largepopulation of the nation.

• The rivers of India, apart from their utility, are a rich storehouse of naturalbeauty, and have a long and ancient history of mythological and historicaltreasures.

• The global environmental problems of the 21st century will also have their

impact on the rivers of India. By respecting these treasures of India, both fortheir history as well as for the precious natural resource of water, these riverswill sustain our country for many centuries to come.

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En PPT EVS SWP Indian Sharadha Srinivasan

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