Enabling Innovation in Nanotechnology

Anne Chaka

Program OfficeOffice of the Director

National Institute of Standards and TechnologyDepartment of Commerce

Outline

• Overview of NIST • Nanotechnology at NIST

– Enabling innovation through measurement science and standards

– User facilities and engagement models

• The Future: Driving the right science forward– NIST: a neutral forum for precompetitive discussion of

common issues and best practices across industrial sectors

– How to achieve performance by design?– Specific engagement opportunities (Wizards

Workshop)

Background

NIST is the U. S. National Measurement Laboratory– Promotes U.S. innovation

and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.

Boulder, CO

Gaithersburg, MD

Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology (CARB)

NIST + University of Maryland

JILANIST + University of Colorado

NIST has… ...three joint institutes

Hollings Marine LaboratoryNIST + NOAA + South Carolina + University of Charleston + Medical University of South Carolina

Pushing the Frontier of Measurement Science

Focused beam of lightTrapped bead

Stretching a single DNA Moleculewith optical tweezers

Force range: 100 fN - 100 pN

“lean manufacturing” of plastics

automobile manufacturinginteroperability

healthcare

semiconductor electronics

NIST provides innovation infrastructure to…

...advance manufacturing and services

pharmaceuticalschemicals

fuel cell technology

standards for body armor

smoke detectors

metal detectors

novel sensors to detect gases altimeter calibration

wireless interoperability among first responders

NIST provides innovation infrastructure to…

...improve public safety and security

Trace explosives detection portal

NIST provides innovation infrastructure to…

… improve quality of life

cholesterol standard reference material

standards for sulfur in fossil fuels

database andmeasurementsfor alternative refrigerants

prostate and breast-cancer treatment

drinking water quality

Measurement Research 2,200 publications/year

Standard Reference Data90 types available

5,500 units sold/ year

Standard Reference Materials

>1,300 products available

31,000 units sold/year

Calibrations and Tests3,000 items calibrated/year

Laboratory Accreditation819 accreditations

Standards Committees440 NIST staff, 970 committees

NIST Products and Services Include

NIST Has a $930 Million Budget…

Advanced TechnologyProgram $79.0M

NIST Laboratories$387.5M

ManufacturingExtension

Partnership$104.6M

Construction$173.6M

Baldrige National Quality Program

$7.3M

OtherAgency**$130.4M

Fees$47.2M *estimated

NIST Consists of Several Operating Units …

The Laboratories 2,800+ employees

1,800 guest researchers

1,400 field associates

NIST has... ...world-class staff

Eric Cornell2001 Nobel Prize

in Physics

Greg Linteris2 Space Shuttle missions

Debbie Jin2003 MacArthur

Fellowship

Bill Phillips1997 Nobel Prize

in Physics

Jan Hall2005 Nobel Prize

in Physics

Anneke Sengers 2003 L’Oréal-UNESCO

Women in Science Award

Mechanisms for Industry to Work with NIST

• Research consortia• Cooperative research and development agreements• Sponsor guest researchers in NIST Labs• Less formal collaborations between NIST researchers and their

peers in industry, academia, and other government agencies are also common.

• Major user facilities:– NIST Center for Neutron Research– NIST Center for nanoscale Science and Technology

• Small manufacturers wishing to modernize, improve productivity, and increase efficiency can seek assistance through NIST's nationwide Manufacturing Extension Partnership program. NIST MEP centers are located in every state to offer local manufacturers assistance with a variety of technical and business problems.

NIST has… ...strong partnerships

Business assistance includes:Quality managementHuman resource developmentFinancial planning

Technical assistance includes:E-commerceProcess improvement Plant layout Product development Energy audits

The MEP is a nationwide network that provides hands-on help to smaller manufacturers.

Manufacturing Extension Partnership

Validated Simulations and Immersive Visualization

NIST Center for Neutron Research

NCNR

NIST has… ...unique user facilities

Is the most reliable, capable, cost efficient, and most used U.S. neutron facility

for cold neutron research in the United States (from OSTP report)

Serves over 2000 research participants per year

Currently undergoing expansion and reliability enhancement:

30% increase in the number of cold neutron instruments

The NCNR would serve at least 500 more researchers per year

New measurement capabilities that do not exist in U.S. today.

NIST has… …Advanced Measurement Laboratory

NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology:NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology: A multidisciplinary user facility aimed at converting discovery to

products leveraging NIST’s unique physical assets and skills Develop the necessary instrumentation, measurement science,

and standards Materials and process characterization to enable “scaled-up,

reliable, cost effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and systems”

• 338 reconfigurable lab modules • 8,520 square-meter Nanofabrication

Facility (Class 100/ISO 5 cleanroom) • Several labs:

•Class 1000/ISO 6 or better•Humidity +/-1%

• 36 labs +/- 0.1 °C• 12 to +/- 0.01 °C

Nanotechnology at NISTThe NNI has designated NIST as the lead agency on

“Nanoscale measurement science, instrument calibration, standard reference materials, and nanoscale physical and

chemical properties standard reference data.”

Across NIST there were about 120 Across NIST there were about 120 nanotechnology related projects that nanotechnology related projects that reported notable accomplishments for reported notable accomplishments for FY 2004-2005.FY 2004-2005.– Printed report is availablePrinted report is available

• CD CD • HardcopyHardcopy

NNI and IWG Workshops at NIST

http://www.mel.nist.gov/nano.htm

Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing

October 17-19, 2006

Grand Challenge Workshop:Instrumentation and Metrology for

Nanotechnology

• Composition: ~1/3 Industry, 1/3 Academia, 1/3 Government

• Over 250 attendees• Report is completed and available

http://www.nano.gov

Increasing Need for International Measurement Standards

Global TradeGlobal TradeMutual Recognition of Measurements & Standards

Deregulation of UtilitiesDeregulation of UtilitiesNatural Gas, Electricity

New Environmental RegulationsNew Environmental RegulationsClean Air Act Amendment

Increased technical barriers to tradeIncreased technical barriers to tradeEU IVD Directives, GMO Issues

Global Policy IssuesGlobal Policy IssuesGlobal Climate Change

ESH: Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory

• Established in Frederick, Maryland, by:– National Cancer Institute (NCI) – National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) – U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

• Perform preclinical efficacy and toxicity testing of nanoparticles• Requires well-characterized reference nanomaterials

– Physical characteristics– In vitro– In vivo

• NIST typically receives nanomaterials for characterization near the commercialization stage.

ncl.cancer.gov

NCI/NIST/FDAGold Nanoparticle Size Standard

80 nm10 nm

200 nm 100 nm

MEL Nanomanufacturing Program is providing a “toolbox” to emerging nanomanufacturers for:

– Measurement science, theory, modeling, simulation, and instrumentation for accurate measurements

– Instrument control processes and standards

– Nanofabrication and nanolithography

– Measurement tools for all aspects of nanotechnology

MEL Nanomanufacturing ProgramMEL Nanomanufacturing Program

Measurements, Standards, & Data for the NanoscaleMeasurements, Standards, & Data for the Nanoscale

Nanoscale Dimensional Standards

Cantilever Fabrication for Lateral Force Measurement

Nanoconstrictiondomain wall

Imaging Magnetic Nanostructures

Nanomechanics and Tribilogy Measurements

Molecular Electronics

NH2

NO2

S

NH2

NO2

S

NH2

NO2

S

NH2

NO2

S

NH2

NO2

S

Top Electrode

Bottom Electrode

Linewidth Standards

Surface Standards for Biomaterials

Customers and Collaborations moving to Nanomanufacturing

• Personal care products– Cosmetics, sun lotions

• Automotive– Coatings

• Energy– Catalysis

• Health– Nanobots– Drug delivery– IVD devices

• Electronics– Terabyte storage capacity– Molecular electronics

NIST Wizards Workshop

• Bring together wizards from Forest Products and Paper Industry with other industrial sectors and academia to discuss common problems and solutions at a precompetitive level

• Identify and define crosscutting issues• Assemble followup teams to develop roadmaps and

collaborative research efforts to drive forward solutions to critical issues

• Tentatively scheduled for late fall• Planning is underway

– Forming the organizing committee– Soliciting feedback and input

NIST Wizards Workshop

Technology and Science areas identified for Forest and Paper Products at a preliminary meeting at NIST, June 7, 2007.

1. Nanocomposites, matrix and bulk properties– Strength to weight, mechanical properties

– Electronic, optical properties

2. Interfaces and surface treatments

3. ESH

4. Nonbonded/noncovalent interactions

5. Separations and fractionalization

6. Molecular water

Measurements, characterization, and modeling under each category.

Don Anthony - President and Executive Director The Council for Chemical Research

Mike Garner – Manager of External Materials ResearchIntel

Daniel Herr – Director, Nanomanufacturing Sciences ResearchSemiconductor Research Corporation

Summary of Joint Chemical and Semiconductor Industry

Research Needs and Recommendations

NISTJuly 17, 2006

Chem-Semi Joint Research Needs

• Chemical & Semiconductor Industries independently developed Nanotechnology Needs Roadmaps

• Jointly Identified Common Nanotechnology Research and Infrastructure Needs

– Goal: Designed nanomaterials with predictable properties

– Fundamental Understanding of: • Controlled nanostructure synthesis• Quantitative nanostructure - property correlations

– Metrology

– Predictive Modeling

– Environment Safety & Health Requirements

Chem-Semi Joint Modeling Needs: Technical

• Designed Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials

• Nanomaterial Surface Chemical Reactivity

• Nanomechanical & Interface Properties

• Electronic Properties & Transport

• Self Assembled Material Properties– Mechanical, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties– Chemical reactivity

Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation CollectiveNational Institute of Standards and Technology

The Dow Chemical Company

BP Amoco Chemical Company => Innovene

Army Research Lab

Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation

3M Company

DuPont

ExxonMobil

Case Scientific

BPBPMitsubishiChemicalCompany

http://fluidproperties.org/

Technical Approach: From Data to Innovation

ROLES

Data to calibrate,

validate fundamental

models of chemical,

material properties

Simulation test bed & Tools to

validate and assess

reliability simulations

Simulations for derived

performance properties

Industrial problem

NIST: Develops, verifies, validates, and assesses uncertainty in standard reference calculations. Analyzes sensitivity of results to input variables. Determines additional experiments needed to establish range of model validity.

Theory

Measurement

Industry advises on prioritiesSolubility, calorimetry, and speciation in water across

range

of pH, temperature, and ionic strength

Hydrophobic groups with range of shapes

X

20-30 hydrophillic chemical functional groups

Electrostatics: range of polar & polarizable

molecules

H-bonding strength

Pka range

Tautomers

Salts,minerals

Dispersion/aggregation

Solubility/precipitation

Self-assembly, molecular recognition

Bioavailability

Oil/water & blood/lipid partitioning

Drug design

Software companies, academic researchers, industrial partners:

• Develop efficient methods, software

• Validate against NIST reference data, Standard Reference Simulations

Industry: utilizes software for product and process development

Software companies: packaging, user interfaces, manuals, user support

Metal complex speciation

NIST: Close collaboration between theorists, experimentalists to select representative species to bracket range of physics

Partition quantum wavefunction into interaction components

Bayesian uncertainty analysis

Numerical error estimation

Measurements to quantify fundamental interactions

Water treatmentConcrete

Plastics Paints

Assessment methods, protocolsSimulation Testbed

Multiscale methods

DATA

INNOVATION

Foods

Infr

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App

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App

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High Performance Computing

Thank you