Enabling Innovation in Nanotechnology
Anne Chaka
Program OfficeOffice of the Director
National Institute of Standards and TechnologyDepartment of Commerce
Outline
• Overview of NIST • Nanotechnology at NIST
– Enabling innovation through measurement science and standards
– User facilities and engagement models
• The Future: Driving the right science forward– NIST: a neutral forum for precompetitive discussion of
common issues and best practices across industrial sectors
– How to achieve performance by design?– Specific engagement opportunities (Wizards
Workshop)
Background
NIST is the U. S. National Measurement Laboratory– Promotes U.S. innovation
and industrial competitiveness by advancing measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance economic security and improve our quality of life.
Boulder, CO
Gaithersburg, MD
Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology (CARB)
NIST + University of Maryland
JILANIST + University of Colorado
NIST has… ...three joint institutes
Hollings Marine LaboratoryNIST + NOAA + South Carolina + University of Charleston + Medical University of South Carolina
Pushing the Frontier of Measurement Science
Focused beam of lightTrapped bead
Stretching a single DNA Moleculewith optical tweezers
Force range: 100 fN - 100 pN
“lean manufacturing” of plastics
automobile manufacturinginteroperability
healthcare
semiconductor electronics
NIST provides innovation infrastructure to…
...advance manufacturing and services
pharmaceuticalschemicals
fuel cell technology
standards for body armor
smoke detectors
metal detectors
novel sensors to detect gases altimeter calibration
wireless interoperability among first responders
NIST provides innovation infrastructure to…
...improve public safety and security
Trace explosives detection portal
NIST provides innovation infrastructure to…
… improve quality of life
cholesterol standard reference material
standards for sulfur in fossil fuels
database andmeasurementsfor alternative refrigerants
prostate and breast-cancer treatment
drinking water quality
Measurement Research 2,200 publications/year
Standard Reference Data90 types available
5,500 units sold/ year
Standard Reference Materials
>1,300 products available
31,000 units sold/year
Calibrations and Tests3,000 items calibrated/year
Laboratory Accreditation819 accreditations
Standards Committees440 NIST staff, 970 committees
NIST Products and Services Include
NIST Has a $930 Million Budget…
Advanced TechnologyProgram $79.0M
NIST Laboratories$387.5M
ManufacturingExtension
Partnership$104.6M
Construction$173.6M
Baldrige National Quality Program
$7.3M
OtherAgency**$130.4M
Fees$47.2M *estimated
NIST Consists of Several Operating Units …
The Laboratories 2,800+ employees
1,800 guest researchers
1,400 field associates
NIST has... ...world-class staff
Eric Cornell2001 Nobel Prize
in Physics
Greg Linteris2 Space Shuttle missions
Debbie Jin2003 MacArthur
Fellowship
Bill Phillips1997 Nobel Prize
in Physics
Jan Hall2005 Nobel Prize
in Physics
Anneke Sengers 2003 L’Oréal-UNESCO
Women in Science Award
Mechanisms for Industry to Work with NIST
• Research consortia• Cooperative research and development agreements• Sponsor guest researchers in NIST Labs• Less formal collaborations between NIST researchers and their
peers in industry, academia, and other government agencies are also common.
• Major user facilities:– NIST Center for Neutron Research– NIST Center for nanoscale Science and Technology
• Small manufacturers wishing to modernize, improve productivity, and increase efficiency can seek assistance through NIST's nationwide Manufacturing Extension Partnership program. NIST MEP centers are located in every state to offer local manufacturers assistance with a variety of technical and business problems.
NIST has… ...strong partnerships
Business assistance includes:Quality managementHuman resource developmentFinancial planning
Technical assistance includes:E-commerceProcess improvement Plant layout Product development Energy audits
The MEP is a nationwide network that provides hands-on help to smaller manufacturers.
Manufacturing Extension Partnership
Validated Simulations and Immersive Visualization
NIST Center for Neutron Research
NCNR
NIST has… ...unique user facilities
Is the most reliable, capable, cost efficient, and most used U.S. neutron facility
for cold neutron research in the United States (from OSTP report)
Serves over 2000 research participants per year
Currently undergoing expansion and reliability enhancement:
30% increase in the number of cold neutron instruments
The NCNR would serve at least 500 more researchers per year
New measurement capabilities that do not exist in U.S. today.
NIST has… …Advanced Measurement Laboratory
NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology:NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology: A multidisciplinary user facility aimed at converting discovery to
products leveraging NIST’s unique physical assets and skills Develop the necessary instrumentation, measurement science,
and standards Materials and process characterization to enable “scaled-up,
reliable, cost effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and systems”
• 338 reconfigurable lab modules • 8,520 square-meter Nanofabrication
Facility (Class 100/ISO 5 cleanroom) • Several labs:
•Class 1000/ISO 6 or better•Humidity +/-1%
• 36 labs +/- 0.1 °C• 12 to +/- 0.01 °C
Nanotechnology at NISTThe NNI has designated NIST as the lead agency on
“Nanoscale measurement science, instrument calibration, standard reference materials, and nanoscale physical and
chemical properties standard reference data.”
Across NIST there were about 120 Across NIST there were about 120 nanotechnology related projects that nanotechnology related projects that reported notable accomplishments for reported notable accomplishments for FY 2004-2005.FY 2004-2005.– Printed report is availablePrinted report is available
• CD CD • HardcopyHardcopy
NNI and IWG Workshops at NIST
http://www.mel.nist.gov/nano.htm
Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing
October 17-19, 2006
Grand Challenge Workshop:Instrumentation and Metrology for
Nanotechnology
• Composition: ~1/3 Industry, 1/3 Academia, 1/3 Government
• Over 250 attendees• Report is completed and available
http://www.nano.gov
Increasing Need for International Measurement Standards
Global TradeGlobal TradeMutual Recognition of Measurements & Standards
Deregulation of UtilitiesDeregulation of UtilitiesNatural Gas, Electricity
New Environmental RegulationsNew Environmental RegulationsClean Air Act Amendment
Increased technical barriers to tradeIncreased technical barriers to tradeEU IVD Directives, GMO Issues
Global Policy IssuesGlobal Policy IssuesGlobal Climate Change
ESH: Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory
• Established in Frederick, Maryland, by:– National Cancer Institute (NCI) – National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) – U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Perform preclinical efficacy and toxicity testing of nanoparticles• Requires well-characterized reference nanomaterials
– Physical characteristics– In vitro– In vivo
• NIST typically receives nanomaterials for characterization near the commercialization stage.
ncl.cancer.gov
NCI/NIST/FDAGold Nanoparticle Size Standard
80 nm10 nm
200 nm 100 nm
MEL Nanomanufacturing Program is providing a “toolbox” to emerging nanomanufacturers for:
– Measurement science, theory, modeling, simulation, and instrumentation for accurate measurements
– Instrument control processes and standards
– Nanofabrication and nanolithography
– Measurement tools for all aspects of nanotechnology
MEL Nanomanufacturing ProgramMEL Nanomanufacturing Program
Measurements, Standards, & Data for the NanoscaleMeasurements, Standards, & Data for the Nanoscale
Nanoscale Dimensional Standards
Cantilever Fabrication for Lateral Force Measurement
Nanoconstrictiondomain wall
Imaging Magnetic Nanostructures
Nanomechanics and Tribilogy Measurements
Molecular Electronics
NH2
NO2
S
NH2
NO2
S
NH2
NO2
S
NH2
NO2
S
NH2
NO2
S
Top Electrode
Bottom Electrode
Linewidth Standards
Surface Standards for Biomaterials
Customers and Collaborations moving to Nanomanufacturing
• Personal care products– Cosmetics, sun lotions
• Automotive– Coatings
• Energy– Catalysis
• Health– Nanobots– Drug delivery– IVD devices
• Electronics– Terabyte storage capacity– Molecular electronics
NIST Wizards Workshop
• Bring together wizards from Forest Products and Paper Industry with other industrial sectors and academia to discuss common problems and solutions at a precompetitive level
• Identify and define crosscutting issues• Assemble followup teams to develop roadmaps and
collaborative research efforts to drive forward solutions to critical issues
• Tentatively scheduled for late fall• Planning is underway
– Forming the organizing committee– Soliciting feedback and input
NIST Wizards Workshop
Technology and Science areas identified for Forest and Paper Products at a preliminary meeting at NIST, June 7, 2007.
1. Nanocomposites, matrix and bulk properties– Strength to weight, mechanical properties
– Electronic, optical properties
2. Interfaces and surface treatments
3. ESH
4. Nonbonded/noncovalent interactions
5. Separations and fractionalization
6. Molecular water
Measurements, characterization, and modeling under each category.
Don Anthony - President and Executive Director The Council for Chemical Research
Mike Garner – Manager of External Materials ResearchIntel
Daniel Herr – Director, Nanomanufacturing Sciences ResearchSemiconductor Research Corporation
Summary of Joint Chemical and Semiconductor Industry
Research Needs and Recommendations
NISTJuly 17, 2006
Chem-Semi Joint Research Needs
• Chemical & Semiconductor Industries independently developed Nanotechnology Needs Roadmaps
• Jointly Identified Common Nanotechnology Research and Infrastructure Needs
– Goal: Designed nanomaterials with predictable properties
– Fundamental Understanding of: • Controlled nanostructure synthesis• Quantitative nanostructure - property correlations
– Metrology
– Predictive Modeling
– Environment Safety & Health Requirements
Chem-Semi Joint Modeling Needs: Technical
• Designed Synthesis of Nanostructured Materials
• Nanomaterial Surface Chemical Reactivity
• Nanomechanical & Interface Properties
• Electronic Properties & Transport
• Self Assembled Material Properties– Mechanical, electronic, optical, and magnetic properties– Chemical reactivity
Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation CollectiveNational Institute of Standards and Technology
The Dow Chemical Company
BP Amoco Chemical Company => Innovene
Army Research Lab
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
3M Company
DuPont
ExxonMobil
Case Scientific
BPBPMitsubishiChemicalCompany
http://fluidproperties.org/
Technical Approach: From Data to Innovation
ROLES
Data to calibrate,
validate fundamental
models of chemical,
material properties
Simulation test bed & Tools to
validate and assess
reliability simulations
Simulations for derived
performance properties
Industrial problem
NIST: Develops, verifies, validates, and assesses uncertainty in standard reference calculations. Analyzes sensitivity of results to input variables. Determines additional experiments needed to establish range of model validity.
Theory
Measurement
Industry advises on prioritiesSolubility, calorimetry, and speciation in water across
range
of pH, temperature, and ionic strength
Hydrophobic groups with range of shapes
X
20-30 hydrophillic chemical functional groups
Electrostatics: range of polar & polarizable
molecules
H-bonding strength
Pka range
Tautomers
Salts,minerals
Dispersion/aggregation
Solubility/precipitation
Self-assembly, molecular recognition
Bioavailability
Oil/water & blood/lipid partitioning
Drug design
Software companies, academic researchers, industrial partners:
• Develop efficient methods, software
• Validate against NIST reference data, Standard Reference Simulations
Industry: utilizes software for product and process development
Software companies: packaging, user interfaces, manuals, user support
Metal complex speciation
NIST: Close collaboration between theorists, experimentalists to select representative species to bracket range of physics
Partition quantum wavefunction into interaction components
Bayesian uncertainty analysis
Numerical error estimation
Measurements to quantify fundamental interactions
Water treatmentConcrete
Plastics Paints
Assessment methods, protocolsSimulation Testbed
Multiscale methods
DATA
INNOVATION
Foods
Infr
astr
uctu
reIn
fras
truc
ture
App
licat
ion
App
licat
ion
High Performance Computing
Thank you