Encyclopedia of Tribology - Springer978-0-387-92897-5/1.pdf · The Encyclopedia of Tribology is...

Encyclopedia of Tribology

Q. Jane Wang and Yip-Wah Chung (Eds.)

Encyclopedia of Tribology

With 3650 Figures and 493 Tables

EditorsQ. Jane WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Center forSurface Engineering and TribologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA

Yip-Wah ChungDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering and Centerfor Surface Engineering and TribologyNorthwestern UniversityEvanston, IL, USA

ISBN 978-0-387-92896-8 ISBN 978-0-387-92897-5 (eBook)ISBN 978-0-387-92898-2 (print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013939053

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Preface

The Encyclopedia of Tribology is the culmination of collaborative efforts among many authors, section editors, reviewers,

and production editors. It is an international endeavor with authors from many countries, representing contributions

from universities, industries, government laboratories, and research institutes. The Encyclopedia of Tribology would not

have become a reality without the enthusiastic contributions of authors and section editors from their precious

knowledge and many years of experience in the field, the careful critique by reviewers, and the detailed editing by

editors of Springer.

The Encyclopedia of Tribology contains 649 entries in 30 technical areas. It covers not only the traditional subjects,

such as friction, wear, lubricants, and lubrication, but also topics related to biomedical and biomechanical designs,

condition-based monitoring, molecular dynamics simulations, and materials science. Its scope spans from tribological

science rooted in classical theories, to modern surface and interfacial engineering, from microscale contacts in compo-

nents to automotive and aerospace tribology, from tribological designs to manufacturing processes, from instrumenta-

tions to testing techniques, and from analytical-numerical methods to technological innovations. In addition to the hard

copy, the Encyclopedia of Tribology has an online version, which makes it dynamic and allows the team to modify and

enrich its content as the field continues to evolve.

Tribology is “the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion and of related subjects and

practices,” as defined in the 1975 textbook, Principles of Tribology, of Professor J. Halling. The term “tribology” is derived

from the Greek word, tribos, meaning rubbing. It was coined in the well-known Jost Report, “Lubrication (Tribology),

Education and Research: A Report on the Present Position and Industry’s Needs,” in 1966, made by the British Department

of Trade and Industry Committee, headed by Peter Jost, now President of International Tribology Council. The term

“tribology” has been rapidly adopted worldwide; for example, the American Society of Lubrication Engineers (ASLE),

founded in 1944 in Chicago, USA, was renamed the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers in 1987, and one of

her technical publications, Transactions of ASLE, has now become Tribology Transactions.

The use of friction tomake fire can be dated back to the prehistoric Paleolithic age. The ability to produce and control

fire by rubbing tree branches against each other changed the ancient human life – it improved health, provided warmth

and comfort, and extended human activities beyond daylight hours. Fire-making is perhaps the first engineering

technology derived from tribology, and this contribution of friction marks one of the tipping points in the evolution

of human civilization. Lubrication engineering is probably one of the earliest engineering professions, as evidenced in

many archaeological finds and artifacts. Fast forward several thousand years, tribology has permeated every corner of

modern industries and advancements of modern transportation and energy production technologies. “Without

tribology. . .. . .that is surfaces rolling on each other, surfaces sliding over each other and surfaces rubbing on each

other, life would be impossible,” wrote Peter Jost in the Foreword of Halling’s Principles of Tribology.

Many phenomena in tribology are complicated, and many aspects of tribological research are not easy. For example,

we still do not have a governing equation for wear of materials, like Newton’s law for mechanics, because wear is not

a singular phenomenon and depends on the system in question. Therefore, tribology must be multidisciplinary,

requiring the integration of basic science, modeling and simulation, and the support of design and manufacturing.

Modern tribology has embraced and intersected with advances in other disciplines, such as surface physics and

chemistry, materials science and engineering, a wide range of micro- and nanoscale characterization techniques,

multiscale simulations, and high-speed computations. There are many challenges awaiting us; but more than ever, we

are better equipped to confront them.

The Encyclopedia of Tribology is born at the critical moment of global energy and environmental concerns when

we strive to advance systems that are energy-efficient and durable. These volumes intend to provide a quick reference

to many important topics in tribology and related areas. Each entry is a short article that offers the definition,

a short explanation of the underlying scientific fundamentals, and demonstrations of applications. Links to

related entries are provided, along with references. These short articles are suitable for undergraduate and graduate

students, school teachers, researchers, and practicing engineers. Overall, the Encyclopedia of Tribology should

well serve schools and universities, industries, government laboratories, and research institutes, as well as the

public at large.

This encyclopedia project is the work of hundreds of individuals. We wish to express our sincere thanks to all authors,

section editors, and reviewers for their hard work and cooperation to make this project a reality, and to the production

editors at Springer for following through every nuance of the publication process. Happy Reading!

April 2013 Q. Jane Wang and Yip-Wah Chung

Center for Surface Engineering and Tribology

Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

vi Preface

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Professors Kenneth L. Johnson, Hugh Spikes, R. W. Snidle, Herbert S.

Cheng, Leon. M. Keer, David Bogy, Frank Talke, F. F. Ling, Francis E. Kennedy, Richard F. Salant, Farshid Sadeghi,

Michael Bryant, Jianbin Luo, YuanzhongHu, Youbo Xie, and Koji Kato for their advisory and suggestions in the course of

the preparation of this Encyclopedia.

We would like to express our deep gratitude to all section editors and contributing authors, reviewers, and editorial

experts for their enthusiastic commitments that make this Encyclopedia possible.

We like to express our thanks to Northwestern University, Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineering

(STLE) and the Tribology Division of American Society of Mechanical Engineers International (ASME) for their strong

support of the Encyclopedia project.

Editors-in-Chief

Qian Jane Wang received her PhD (Mechanical Engineering) from Northwestern University, USA in 1993. She taught at

Florida International University in Miami for about five years before joining Northwestern in 1998 as an Associate

Professor. She is now a Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Northwestern and an Adjunct Professor

in the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission at Chongqing University, China.

Professor Wang served Northwestern’s Mechanical Engineering as Director of the Graduate Studies Committee from

2003 to 2007 and Adviser of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Student Chapter from 1998 to 2003.

She was a Board of Director of Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE), 2008-2009, Chair of the 2011

ASME/STLE International Joint Tribology Conference, Chair of the STLE Annual Meeting Program Committee,

2007–2008, Secretary of the 2005 Word Tribology Congress Technical Program Committee, and a member of the

Organization Committee of the 2007 International Symposium on Computational Mechanics.

Professor Wang was named Fellow of ASME and STLE. She is one of the awardees of STLE’s Surface Engineering

Technical Committee Best Paper Award, 2011, Edmond E Bisson Best Written Contribution Award, 2010, and Captain

Alfred E. Hunt Best Paper Award, 1997. She received a CAREER Award fromUS National Science Foundation, 1997, and

a Ralph R. Teeter Educational Award from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 2000. She was named Journal of

Tribology Reviewer of the Year, 1998.

Yip-Wah Chung obtained his BS (Physics and Mathematics) and MPhil (Physics) degrees from the University of Hong

Kong. He then went to California and obtained his PhD (Physics) from the University of California at Berkeley in 1977.

Immediately after completing his PhD study, he joined the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at

Northwestern University. He served as Director of the Center for Engineering Tribology at Northwestern from 1987 to

1992, as Department Chair from 1992 to 1998, and as program officer in surface engineering and materials design in the

Civil andMechanical Systems Division at the National Science Foundation. He has served many years on the Hong Kong

Research Grants Council and is currently a member of the Hong Kong University Grants Committee. He has published

200 papers in surface science, thin films, tribology, and alloy design, two textbooks (Practical Guide to Surface Science

and Spectroscopy, Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering), and one monograph (Micro- and Nanoscale

Phenomena in Tribology).

Prof. Chung was named Fellow, ASM International; Fellow, AVS; and Fellow, Society of Tribologists and Lubrication

Engineers. His other awards include Teacher of the Year in Materials Science, Innovative Research Award and Best

Paper Awards from the ASME Tribology Division, Technical Achievement Award from the National Storage Industry

Consortium, Bronze Bauhinia Star Medal from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, and

Advisory Professor from Fudan University.

x Editors-in-Chief

Section Editors

Section: Aerospace Tribology

LEWIS ROSADO

AFRL/RZTM

WPAFB

Dayton, OH

USA

Section: Automotive Tribology

GARY BARBER

Mechanical Engineering

Oakland University

Rochester, MI

USA

Section: Biotribology

ZHONGMIN JIN

State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System

Engineering

School of Mechanical Engineering

Xi’an Jiaotong University

Xi’an

People’s Republic of China

MARKUS A. WIMMER

Section of Tribology, Department of Orthopedics

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, IL

USA

Section: Coatings and Coating Tribology

ALI ERDEMIR

Energy Systems Division

Argonne National Laboratory

Argonne, IL

USA

Section: Coatings and Surface Treatments

GEORGE E. TOTTEN

Mechanical and Materials Engineering

Portland State University

Portland, OR

USA

LUIZ CARLOS CASTELETTI

AMADEU LOMBARDI

Depto. de Eng. De Materiais, Aeronautica

e Automobilistica, Escola de Engenharia de Sao Carlos

Universidade de Sao Paulo

SaoPaulo

Brasil

Section: Condition Based Monitoring

GANG (SHENG) CHEN

Engineering and Computer Science

Marshall University

Huntington, WV

USA

Section: Conformal-Contact Lubrication

MICHEL FILLON

Mechanical Engineering & Complex Systems

Universite de Poitiers

Futuroscope

France

Section: Contact Fatigue

XIAOQING JIN

LEON M. KEER


Northwestern University

Evanston, IL

USA

Section: Contact Mechanics

TIMOTHY C. OVAERT


University of Notre Dame

Notre Dame, IN

USA

Q. JANE WANG

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for

Surface Engineering and Tribology


Evanston, IL

USA

Section: CVT

Q. JANE WANG




Evanston, IL

USA

Section: Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication

DONG ZHU

School of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Sichuan University

Chengdu, Sichuan


Section: Electric Contact

XIN ZHOU

Innovation Center

Eaton Corporation

Moon Township, PA

USA

Section: Friction

PETER J. BLAU

Materials Science and Technology Division

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge, TN

USA

Section: Gas and Vapor Phase Lubrication

SEONG KIM

Chemical Engineering

Pennsylvania State University

University Park, PA

USA

DAEJONG KIM

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

University of Texas at Arlington

Arlington, TX

USA

Section: Gears

ROBERT ERRICHELLO

GEARTECH

Townsend, MT

USA

Section: Lubricants

TZE-CHI JAO

Afton Chemical Corporation

Richmond, VA

USA

Section: Lubrication Fundamentals

MICHAEL M. KHONSARI


Louisiana State university

Baton Rouge, LA

USA

Q. JANE WANG




Evanston, IL

USA

Section: Magnetic Storage Tribology

C. S. BHATIA

ECE Department

National University of Singapore

Singapore

Singapore

Section: Manufacturing Tribology

JIAN CAO

KORNEL EHMANN



Evanston, IL

USA

Section: Polymer Tribology

NIKOLAI MYSHKIN

Tribology Department

Metal-Polymer Research Institute, Belarus National

Academy of Sciences

Gomel

Belarus

Section: Rolling-Element Bearings

XIAOLAN AI

Timken Technology Center

The Timken Company

Canton, OH

USA

xii Section Editors

Section: Seals

RICHARD F. SALANT

George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering

Georgia Institute of Technology

Atlanta, GA

USA

Section: Solid Lubricants

LIPING WANG

Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lanzhou


Section: Surface Characterization

GRACE JINLIU WANG∗

National Science Foundation

Arlington, VA

USA

Section: Surface Physics

HONG LIANG


Texas A & M University

College Station, TX

USA

JIADAO WANG

YUANZHONG HU

State Key Laboratory of Tribology

Tsinghua University

Beijing


Section: Surface Texturing

IZHAK ETSION


Technion

Haifa

Israel

Section: Surface Topographic Analysis

FEODOR M. BORODICH

Cardiff University

Cardiff, Wales

UK

Section: Textile Tribology

PAUL D. SEEMUTH

Tribology Consulting International LLC

Ringgold, GA

USA

Section: Tribochemistry

WILFRED T. TYSOE

Chemistry and Biochemistry

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Milwaukee, WI

USA

Section: Wear

OYELAYO AJAYI


Argonne National Laboratory

Argonne, IL

USA

∗The views expressed in the articles of section “Surface Characterization,” section editor: Grace Jinliu Wang, do not necessarily represent the view of the

NSF or the United States.

Section Editors xiii

List of Contributors

JUSSI AALTONEN

Department of Intelligent Hydraulics and Automation

Tampere University of Technology

Tampere

Finland

HISHAM A. ABDEL-AAL

Laboratoire de Mecanique et Procede de Fabrication

Arts et Metier ParisTech

Chalons-en-Champagne, Cedex

France

GEORGE G. ADAMS


Northeastern University

Boston, MA

USA

V. N. ADERIKHA

Technology of Polymer Composite Materials and Parts

V.A. Belyi Metal Polymer Research Institute

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Gomel

Belarus

JOHN AGAPIOU

General Motors R&D

Rochester Hills, MI

USA

XIAOLAN AI

Timken Technology Center

The Timken Company

Canton, OH

USA

ANDREAS ALMQVIST

Division of Machine Elements

Lulea University of Technology

Lulea

Sweden

AHMET ALPAS

Mechanical, Automotive and Materials Engineering

Unviersity of Windsor

Windsor, ON

Canada

CLODOMIRO ALVES

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

Natal, RN

Brazil

ANDRE ANDERS

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, CA

USA

LUIS SAN ANDRES

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Turbomachinery Laboratory

Texas A&M University

College Station, TX

USA

JAMES R. ANGLIN

Alcoa Technical Center

Alcoa Inc.

New Kensington, PA

USA

TORU (TOHRU) ARAI

Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa-ken

Japan

ODOLBERTO DE FRANCISCO ARAUJO

Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-arido

Mossoro, RN

Brazil

A. T. ASHCROFT

Unilever Research and Development

Port Sunlight Laboratory

Bebington, Wiral

UK

ANNA MARIA SRI ASIH

Swinburne University of Technology

Hawthorn, VIC

Australia

GERARD A. ATESHIAN


Columbia University

New York

USA

HENRI V. AZIBERT

Mechanical Seal Division

A.W. Chesterton Co

Groveland, MA

USA

TOMASZ BABUL

Heat Treatment Department

Institute of Precision Mechanics

Warsaw

Poland

SHYAM BAHADUR

Mechanical Engineering Department

Iowa State University

Ames, IA

USA

SCOTT BAIR



Atlanta, GA

USA

GARY C. BARBER


Automotive Tribology Center

Oakland University Dodge Hall of Engineering

Rochester, MI

USA

CLAUDE BATHIAS

Emeritus Professor

University Paris

Ville d’Avray

France

ULRICH BAUDIS

Durferrit GmbH

Mannheim

Germany

WILFRIED BAUER

Polytec GmbH

Waldbronn

Germany

EDWARD P. BECKER

Powertrain Division

General Motors, LLC

Pontiac, MI

USA

GREGORY A. BELL

DuPont Performance Lubricants Technical Service

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

Wilmington, DE

USA

JONATHAN W. BENDER


Richmond, VA

USA

JOSE ROBERTO BERRETTA

Centro de Lasers e Aplicacoes

Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares – IPEN

Sao Paulo, SP

Brazil

PAUL A. BESSETTE

Triboscience & Engineering, Inc

Fall River, MA

USA

CHARANJIT SINGH BHATIA

ECE Department


Singapore

Singapore

DAVIDE BIANCHI

Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology AC2T

Wiener Neustadt

Austria

xvi List of Contributors

DARIUSZ M. BIELINSKI

Institute of Polymer & Dye Technology

Technical University of Łodz

Łodz

Poland

and

Division of Elastomers & Rubber Technology

Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials & Dyes

Piastow

Poland

DIRK BIERMANN

Department of Machining Technology

Institute of Machining Technology

Technische Universitat Dortmund

Dortmund

Germany

THIERRY A. BLANCHET

Department of Mechanical, Aerospace & Nuclear

Engineering

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Troy, NY

USA

PETER J. BLAU

Materials Science and Technology Division


Oak Ridge, TN

USA

HORST BODSCHWINNA

Institut of Measurement and Automatic Control

Leibniz University Hannover

Hannover

Germany

S. P. BOGDANOVICH

Department of Polymer Composites

V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National

Academy of Science

Gomel

Belarus

PAVEL N. BOGDANOVICH

Materials Science Department

Belarus State University of Transport

Gomel

Belarus

DAVID B. BOGY

Computer Mechanics Laboratory


University of California at Berkeley

Berkeley, CA

USA

MIROSŁAW BONEK

Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials

Silesian University of Technology

Gliwice

Poland

DOMINIQUE BONNEAU

Mechanical Engineering, Structures and Complex

Systems Department

PPRIME Institute, CNRS – University of Poitiers – ENSMA

Poitiers

France

E. R. BOOSER

Engineering Consultant

Vero Beach, FL

USA

ALBERTO BORGHI

CNR-ISTITUTO NANOSCIENZE Research Center on

nanoStructures and bioSystems at Surfaces (S3)

Modena

Italy

FEODOR M. BORODICH

School of Engineering

Cardiff University

Cardiff, Wales

UK

BENYEBKA BOU-SAID

LaMCoS-INSA Lyon

Villeurbanne Cedex

France

STEPHEN BOYDE

bm4tech Ltd

Guisborough

UK

List of Contributors xvii

MINEL J. BRAUN


The University of Akron

Akron, OH

USA

CLAIRE BROCKETT

Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering


University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

RAINER BRODMANN

OptoSurf GmbH

Ettlingen

Germany

MARK D. BROWN

Cross Chemical Company, Inc

(A division of Cross Technologies Group)

Westland, MI

USA

SUSAN C. BROWN

Consultant, retired Pratt & Whitney

Johnson City, NY

USA

MICHAEL D. BRYANT


The University of Texas at Austin

Austin, TX

USA

BRIAN BUSH

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

University of California

Berkeley, CA

USA

JAMES P. BUTLER

Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine

Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical

School

Boston, MA

USA

RACHEL J. CANNARA

Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Gaithersburg, MD

USA

PHILIPPA M. CANN

Tribology Group

Imperial College

London

UK

MIGUEL ANGEL SELLES CANTO

Polytechnic University of Valencia

Valencia

Spain

ANDRE RICARDO CAPRA

Departamento de Mecanica – DPME

Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento –

LACTEC

Curitiba, Parana

Brazil

ROBERT W. CARPICK

Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, PA

USA

DALE CARR

Chemtura Corporation

Middlebury, CT

USA

CARLO CARRARO



Berkeley, CA

USA

M. J. CARRE


The University of Sheffield

Sheffield

UK

xviii List of Contributors

LUIZ CARLOS CASTELETTI

Department of Materials Engineering

Sao Carlos School of Engineering

University of Sao Paulo

Sao Paulo, SP

Brazil

LORELLA CESCHINI

Department of Metals Science, Electrochemistry and

Chemical Techniques

University of Bologna

Bologna

Italy

KWAI S. CHAN

Mechanical Engineering Division

Southwest Research Institute®

San Antonio, TX

USA

SIRICHANOK CHANBAI

NanoFocus AG

Oberhausen

Germany

CONSTANTINOS A. CHARITIDIS

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

School of Chemical Engineering

National Technical University of Athens

Zographos, Athens

Greece

DAVID E. CHASAN

BASF Corporation

Tarrytown, NY

USA

HERVE CHAVANNE

HEF R&D

Z.I. Sud

Andrezieux–Boutheon Cedex

France

and

H.E.F. USA

Springfield, OH

USA

DU CHEN

Western Digital Corporation

San Jose, CA

USA

GANG CHEN


Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, MA

USA

SHENGFU CHEN

University of Washington

Seattle, WA

USA

and

Zhejiang University

Hangzhou


W. WAYNE CHEN



Evanston, IL

USA

CHENG-KUNG CHENG

Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory

Institute of Biomedical Engineering

National Yang-Ming University

Taipei

Taiwan, ROC

H. S. CHENG



Evanston, IL

USA

EUGENE L. CHEZ

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering


Evanston, IL

USA

THOMAS H. C. CHILDS


University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

PHAM DUC CHINH

VAST

Hanoi

Vietnam

List of Contributors xix

JAEWON CHOI


The University of Texas at Austin

Austin, TX

USA

SUSAN CHUBINSKAYA

Department of Biochemistry


Chicago, IL

USA

YIP-WAH CHUNG

Department of Materials Science and Engineering and



Evanston, IL

USA

JAMES DAVID CLARKE



Sheffield

UK

RAFAEL COLAS

Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon

San Nicolas de los Garza

Mexico

JOHN R. COLBOURNE


University of Alberta

Edmonton, AB

Canada

MARTIN J. CONLON

Aerospace Portfolio

National Research Council Canada

Ottawa, ON

Canada

RODRIGO COOPER


Texas A&M University Main Campus

College Station, TX

US

MICHAEL J. COVITCH

The Lubrizol Corporation

Wickliffe, OH

USA

M. CRAIG

National Centre for Advanced Tribology

Facility of Engineering and the Environment

University of Southampton

Hampshire, Southampton

UK

WEICHENG CUI

China Ship Scientific Research Center

Wuxi Jiangsu


LESZEK DABROWSKI

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Gdansk University of Technology

Gdansk

Poland

AZZEDINE DADOUCHE

Aerospace Portfolio


Ottawa, ON

Canada

ZHENDONG DAI

Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface

Engineering

Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Nanjing, Jiangsu


GREGORY DALTON

TribSys Inc.

Sudbury, ON

Canada

DAN DANKS

Danks Tribological Services

Portland, OR

USA

AARON JAMES DANNER

ECE Department


Singapore

Singapore

xx List of Contributors

STEVEN DANYLUK



Atlanta, GA

USA

CRAIG V. DARRAGH

The Timken Company

Canton, OH

USA

PETER A. DEARNLEY

National Centre for Advanced Tribology (nCATS)

University of Southampton Highfield Campus

Southampton, Hampshire

UK

SCAN M. DECAMILLO

Kingsbury Inc

Philadelphia, PA

USA

CHRISTOPHER DELLACORTE

Tribology and Surface Science

NASA Glenn Research Center

Cleveland, OH

USA

CATHY DEVLIN


Richmond, VA

USA

MARK T. DEVLIN


Richmond, VA

USA

RICHARD E. DEVOR

Mechanical Engineering Laboratory

University of Illinois

Urbana, IL

USA

MANICKA DHANASEKAR

School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment

Queensland University of Technology

Brisbane

Australia

STEPHEN V. DIDZIULIS

Space Materials Laboratory

The Aerospace Corporation

El Segundo, CA

USA

HUALI DING

The Ohio State University

Columbus, OH

USA

KAN DING


Hawthorn, Victoria

Australia

WALDEMAR M. DMOCHOWSKI∗

MIHAI B. DOBRICA

Tecnitas, Bureau Veritas Group

Levallois-Perret Cedex

France

SLAVKO DOLINSEK


University of Ljubljana

Ljubljana

Slovenia

ANA SOFIA CLIMACO MONTEIRO D’OLIVEIRA


Universidade Federal do Parana

Curitiba, PR

Brazil

JUN DONG


Middlebury, CT

USA

DUNCAN DOWSON


The University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

∗Deceased.

List of Contributors xxi

SHUANLIN DUAN

Hitachi Global Storage Technology

San Jose, CA

USA

BOB DUGGAL


Richmond, VA

USA

JOHN H. DUMBLETON

Stryker Orthopaedics

Mahwah, NJ

USA

GABRIEL DUMITRU

BCI Group

Grenchen

Switzerland

ALISON C. DUNN

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

University of Florida

Gainesville, FL

USA

STEPHAN EBERSBACH

School of Engineering and Physical Sciences

James Cook University

Townsville, QLD

Australia

IHSAN EFEOGLU


Ataturk University

Erzurum

Turkey

KORNEL EHMANN



Evanston, IL

USA

ALI ERDEMIR


Argonne National Laboratory Tribology Section

Argonne, IL

USA

ROBERT ERRICHELLO

GEARTECH

Townsend, MT

USA

H. P. EVANS


Cardiff University

Cardiff, Wales

UK

RYAN D. EVANS

The Timken Company

Timken Tech Center – North Canton

Canton, OH

USA

CLAUDIU VALENTIN FALUB

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials

Testing and Research

Dubendorf, ZH

Switzerland

T. N. FARRIS


Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

NJ

USA

AURELIAN FATU

Mechanical Engineering, Structures and Complex

Systems Department

PPRIME Institute, CNRS – University of Poitiers – ENSMA

Poitiers

France

ANDRE FERRARESE

Department of Innovation Management

MAHLE Metal Leve SA

Jundiaı, Sao Paulo

Brazil

M. FESANGHARY


Louisiana State University

Baton Rouge, LA

USA

xxii List of Contributors

PETER FILIP

Center for Advanced Friction Studies

Southern Illinois University

Carbondale, IL

USA

MICHEL FILLON

Institut Pprime, Department GMSC

CNRS - Universite de Poitiers - ENSMA

Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex

France

ALFONS FISCHER

Werkstofftechnik

University of Duisburg-Essen

Duisburg

Germany

JOHN FISHER



University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

LEIGH FLEMING

Centre for Precision Technologies

University of Huddersfield

Huddersfield

England

ROBERT K. FLITNEY

Sealing Technology

Craven Arms

UK

G. FOX-RABINOVICH


McMaster University

Hamilton, ON

Canada

F. FRANEK


research GmbH

Wiener Neustadt

Austria

V. FRIDRICI

Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systemes

UMR CNRS 5513

Ecole Centrale de Lyon

Ecully

France

K. FRIEDRICH

Institute for Composite Materials (IVW GmbH)

Technical University Kaiserslautern

Kaiserslautern

Germany

and

CEREM

King Saud University

Riyadh

Saudi Arabia

RAINER GADOW

Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic

Components and Composites

University of Stuttgart

Stuttgart

Germany

PAMELA GARCIA

Arsitek, S.A. de C.V.

Monterrey

Mexico

MAREK GAWLINSKI

Mechanical and Power Engineering

Wroclaw University of Technology

Wroclaw

Poland

SHIRONG GE

Institute of Tribology and Reliability

Department of Materials Science and Technology

China University of Mining and Technology

Xuzhou, Jiangsu


VICTORIA J. GELLING

Department of Coatings & Polymeric Materials

North Dakota State University

Fargo, ND

USA

List of Contributors xxiii

HERMAN F. GEORGE

Applied Science


Wickliffe, OH

USA

J. GERINGER

Center of Health Engineering-Ecole Nationale

Superieure des Mines

Saint-Etienne

France

ERIK VAN DER GIESSEN

Department of Applied Physics, Zernike Institute for

Advanced Materials, Micromechanics of Materials

Group

University of Groningen

Groningen

The Netherlands

DAVID L. GLAENZER


Mechanicsville, VA

USA

SERGEI GLAVATSKIH

Machine Design

KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Stockholm

Sweden

and

Department of Mechanical Construction and

Production

Ghent University

Ghent

Belgium

ANGELO L. GOBBI

Microfabrication Laboratory

Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory

Campinas, SP

Brazil

SUK MENG GOH


Curtin University Sarawak

Miri, Sarawak

Malaysia

IRINA GORYACHEVA

Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics of Russian

Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

THOMAS GRADT

BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and

Testing

Berlin

Germany

AARON GRECO



Evanston, IL

USA

ITZHAK GREEN



Atlanta, GA

USA

J. A. GREENWOOD

Department of Engineering

University of Cambridge

Cambridge

UK

JANEZ GRUM


Ljubljana

Slovenia

CHANG-DONG GU


Zhejiang University

Hangzhou


ENRICO GUALTIERI

Centro Interdipartimentale INTERMECH - MO.RE.

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Modena

Italy

xxiv List of Contributors

DAN GUO


Tsinghua University

Beijing


RUISHENG GUO

State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou

Institute of Chemical Physics


Lanzhou


X.-C. GUO

Disk Development


San Jose, CA

USA

Y. B. GUO


The University of Alabama

Tuscaloosa, AL

USA

PRADEEP K. GUPTA

PKG Inc

Clifton Park, NY

USA

VINEET GUPTA


Berkeley, CA

USA

DAVID W. HAHN



Gainesville, FL

USA

JULFIKAR HAIDER

School of Computing, Engineering and Information

Sciences

Northumbria University

Newcastle upon Tyne

UK

ROBERT F. HANDSCHUH


Cleveland, OH

USA

JAMES B. HANNON

Division of Exxon Mobil Corporation

ExxonMobil Lubricants & Petroleum Specialties

Company

Allentown, NJ

USA

WILLIAM M. HANNON

The Timken Company

Timken Technology Center-North Canton

Canton, OH

USA

MARTIN HARTL


Brno University of Technology

Brno

Czech Republic

T. J. HARVEY





UK

NORIO HASEBE

Department of Civil Engineering

Nagoya Institute of Technology

Nagoya

Japan

ROLAND HAUERT

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials

Testing and Research

Dubendorf, ZH

Switzerland

JIZHONG HE


San Jose, CA

USA

List of Contributors xxv

YI HE


Seattle, WA

USA

S. D. HEINTZE

Research & Development

Department of Preclinical Research

Ivoclar Vivadent

Schaan

Liechtenstein

KENNETH O. HENDERSON

McEinri Associates LLC

Port matilda, PA

USA

A. H. HEUER


Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, OH

USA

THIERRY HOC

Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Laboratory of Tribology and

Dynamic of Systems

UMR 5513 CNRS-ECL-ENISE

University of Lyon

Ecully Cedex

France

DAVID W. HOEPPNER

Department of Mechanical Engineering Quality

and Integrity Design Engineering Center

QIDEC

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, UT

USA

KENNETH HOLMBERG

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

VTT Finland

JEFF T.M. De HOSSON

Department of Applied Physics, Materials Innovation

Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials


Groningen, AG

The Netherlands

L. HOUPERT

The Timken Company

Timken Technology Center-North Canton

Canton, OH

USA

DONALD R. HOUSER

Gear and Power Transmission Research Laboratory



Columbus, OH

USA

KARINE HOVHANNISYAN

State Engineering University of Armenia

Yerevan

Armenia

K. JIMMY HSIA

Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Urbana, IL

USA

YIAO-TEE HSIA

HDD H/M Tribology & Mechanical Integration


San Jose, CA

USA

DIANN Y. HUA

Technical Center

Caterpillar Inc.

Peoria, IL

USA

YUAN-ZHONG HU


Tsinghua University

Beijing


MICHAEL HUEBNER

Principal Engineer

Flowserve Corporation

Deer Park, TX

USA

xxvi List of Contributors

STEVE HUTCHINS

Keronite International Ltd

Cambridge

Great Britain

DAVID ALLAN HUTCHISON

Afton Chemical Corporation (US)

Powhatan, VA

USA

PYUNG HWANG


Yeungnam University

Gyongbuk

Gyeongsan-si

South Korea

S. ILINCIC


research GmbH

Wiener Neustadt

Austria

TAKASHI IMANISHI

CVT Project Team, Technology Development Division

Headquarters

NSK Ltd.

Fujisawa-Shi, Kanagawa

Japan

ICHIRO INASAKI

Institute of Science and Technology Research

Chubu University

Kasugai - shi, Aichi Prefecture

Japan

ARSHAK ISAJANYAN


Yerevan

Armenia

CRAIG A. JACKSON

Greenwood, SC

USA

ROBERT L. JACKSON


Auburn University

Auburn, AL

USA

NITEEN JADHAV



Fargo, ND

USA

BEHROOZ JALALAHMADI

Sentient Corporation

Buffalo, NY

USA

J. Y. JANG



Baton Rouge, LA

USA

HO JANG

Department of Material Science and Engineering

Friction Materials Research Laboratory

Korea University

Seoul

Korea

TZE-CHI JAO

Department of R & D


Richmond, VA

USA

LOUISE JENNINGS



University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

XIAOQING JIN



Evanston, IL

USA

List of Contributors xxvii

ZHONG MIN JIN



Xi’an, Shaanxi


and



University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

K. L. JOHNSON

Department of Engineering

University of Cambridge

Cambridge

UK

LUCILE JOLY-POTTUZ

INSA de Lyon, MATEIS Lab., UMR CNRS 5510

University of Lyon

Villeurbanne Cedex

France

SUKBAE JOO



College Station, TX

USA

S. V. JOSHI

International Advanced Research Centre for Powder

Metallurgy & New Materials

Hyderabad

India

TOM JOYCE

School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering

Newcastle University

Newcastle upon Tyne

UK

ARTURO JUAREZ



Mexico

CHRISTIAN KADDICK

EndoLab GmbH

Deutschland

Germany

AHMET KAHRAMAN



Columbus, OH

USA

M. KALIN



Ljubljana

Slovenia

MIYOSHI KAMIO

Kyodo Yushi Co., Ltd

Fujisawa

Japan

MOTOHIRO KANETA



Brno

Czech Republic

YOUNG SUP KANG

The Timken Company

Canton, OH

USA

JOSEPH P. KAPERICK

R&D Department


Richmond, VA

USA

AJAY KAPOOR


Hawthorn, VIC

Australia

SHIV G. KAPOOR

Mechanical Engineering Laboratory

University of Illinois

Urbana, IL

USA

PH. KAPSA

Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systemes

UMR CNRS 5513


Ecully

France

xxviii List of Contributors

PAUL H. KASAI

MORESCO (Matsumura Oil Research Corp.)

Kobe-city, Hyogo

Japan

SUBRAMANYAM V. KASISOMAYAJULA



Fargo, ND

USA

EWA KASPRZYCKA

Mechanics and Petrochemistry

Warsaw University of Technology

Plock

Poland

and


Warsaw

Poland

KOJI KATO


College of Engineering Nihon University

Koriyama

Japan

RAJA R. KATTA



Champaign Urbana, IL

USA

MOHAMMAD R. KAZEMI

Tyco Thermal Controls

Menlo Park, CA

USA

LEON M. KEER



Evanston, IL

USA

and

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering


Evanston, IL

USA

FRANCIS E. KENNEDY

Thayer School of Engineering

Dartmouth College

Hanover, NH

USA

M. M. KHONSARI



Baton Rouge, LA

USA

DAEJONG KIM


University of Texas at Arlington

Arlington, TX

USA

DAE-EUN KIM


Yonsei University

Seoul

South Korea

K. KIM

School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering

Korea Aerospace University

Hwajeon–dong, Deogyang–gu

Goyang, Gyeonggi–do

Republic of Korea

and

Materials Science Department

Penn State University

University Park, PA

USA

SEONG H. KIM

Department of Chemical Engineering

The Pennsylvania State University

University Park, PA

USA

YOSHITSUGU KIMURA

The University of Tokyo/Kagawa University

Tokyo

Japan

List of Contributors xxix

R. GORDON KIRK

Mech. Eng

Virginia Tech

Blacksburg, VA

USA

JACOB KLEIN

Department of Materials and Interfaces

Weizmann Institute of Science

Rehovot

Israel

ALEX KLEIN-PASTE

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Trondheim

Norway

and

University Centre on Svalbard

Longyearbyen, Svalbard

Norway

JENS KONIG

Department of Manufacturing Technology

Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management

Technical University Berlin

Berlin

Germany

NIKOLAI I. KOBASKO

IQ Technologies Inc

Akron, OH

USA

and

Intensive Technologies Ltd

Kyiv

Ukraine

JEAN-RENE KOCH

Timken Europe

Colmar Cedex

France

VALERY V. KONCHITS

Department of Tribology


Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Gomel

Belarus

KARI T. KOSKINEN

Department of Intelligent Hydraulics and Automation

Tampere University of Technology

Tampere

Finland

PETER V. KOTVIS

Benz Oil, Inc

Milwaukee, WI

USA

M. N. KOTZALAS

The Timken Company

Canton, OH

USA

ALEXANDER KOVALEV

Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing

(BAM)

Scanning Probe Microscopy, Tribology and Wear

Protection

Berlin

Germany

A. P. KRASNOV

N.A. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement

Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

ROLF KRUGER-SEHM

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Braunschweig

Working Group 5.14, Roughness Measurement

Methods

Braunschweig

Germany

JACQUELINE KRIM

Department of Physics

North Carolina State University

Raleigh, NC

USA

NEIL KRISHNAN

Oil & Gas Products

Diamond Innovations

Worthington, OH

USA

xxx List of Contributors

IVAN KRUPKA


Brno

Czech Republic

ILYA I. KUDISH

Department of Mathematics

Kettering University

Flint, MI

USA

RICHARD E. KUHLMAN


Southfield, MI

USA

PUNIT KUMAR


National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra

Kurukshetra, Haryana

India

CHANG-HUNG KUO


National Chi Nan University

Puli, Nantou

Taiwan

SHERI KURGIN

General Motors Powertrain Headquarters

Pontiac, MI

USA

CARLOS E. F. KWIETNIEWSKI

Post-Graduation Program in Mining, Metallurgical and

Materials Engineering

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul

Brazil

MARTINE LABERGE

Department of Bioengineering

Clemson University

Clemson, SC

USA

ROBERT H. LACOMBE

Materials Science and Technology

CONFERENCES

Hopewell Junction, NY

USA

REIJO LAPPALAINEN

Department of Applied Physics

University of Eastern Finland

Kuopio

Finland

ROLAND LARSSON



Lulea

Sweden

DENNIS A. LAUER

Kluber Lubrication North America L.P.

The Villages, FL

USA

MAXIME LAUGIER

Global Research and Development – Maizieres Process

Arcelor Mittal

Maizieres-les-Metz

France

MAXIMILIEN E. LAUNEY



Berkeley, CA

USA

MICHEL P. LAURENT

Department of Orthopedics


Chicago, IL

USA

RICHARD LEACH

Engineering Measurement Division

National Physical Laboratory

Teddington

UK

ALAN O. LEBECK

Mechanical Seal Technology Inc

Albuquerque, NM

USA

JONAH H. LEE


University of Alaska

Fairbanks, AK

USA

List of Contributors xxxi

WINSON C. C. LEE

Department of Health Technology and Informatics

The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Hong Kong


NICOLAS LEGRAND

Global Research and Development – Maizieres Process

Arcelor Mittal

Maizieres-les-Metz

France

YAJIE LEI

Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

The George Washington University

Washington, DC

USA

YONGSHENG LENG

Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

The George Washington University

Washington, DC

USA

DARREN LESINSKI


Middlebury, CT

USA

CHI-HUNG LEUNG

AMI Doduco

Export, PA

USA

AARON K. L. LEUNG



Hong Kong


ROGER LEWIS



Sheffield

UK

HONG LIANG



College Station, TX

USA

JUN LIANG

State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication



Lanzhou


XUE-SONG LIANG

Department of Materials Science

Institute for Advanced Ceramics

School of Materials Science and Engineering

Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin, Heilongjiang


D. Y. LI

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering

University of Alberta

Edmonton, AB

Canada

SHENG LI



Columbus, OH

USA

WANFENG LI

Department of Physics & Astronomy

University of Delaware

Newark, DE

USA

XIAO-WU LI

Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry

College of Sciences

Northeastern University

Shenyang


SEH CHUN LIM



Singapore

Republic of Singapore

CHIH LIN

Baker Hughes, Inc.

The Woodlands, TX

USA

xxxii List of Contributors

SHIH-CHIEH LIN

National Tsing-Hua University

Hsinchu

Taiwan

JEFFREY R. LINCE

Space Materials Laboratory

The Aerospace Corporation

El Segundo, CA

USA

TOMASZ LISKIEWICZ

iETSI

University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

FENG LIU



University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

GENG LIU


Northwestern Polytechnical University

Xian, Shaanxi


KAI LIU

XI’AN University of Technology

XI’An, Shaanxi


WEI-MIN LIU

State Key Laboratory Solid Lubrication



Lanzhou

PR China

YUCHUAN LIU

Powertrain CAE Methods

General Motor Corporation

Pontiac, MI

USA

YUHONG LIU


Tsinghua University

Beijing


AMADEU NETO LOMBARDI


Federal University of Sao Carlos

Sao Carlos, SP

Brazil

STEPHEN H. LORING

Dept. Anesthesia, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard

Medical School

Boston, MA

USA

C. T. JOHN LOW

Faculty of Engineering and the Environment

Engineering Sciences


Southampton

UK

MARITZA LOZANO

Arsitek, S.A. de C.V.

Monterrey

Mexico

JINJUN LU




Lanzhou


ZHIBIN LU


Chinese Academy of Science

Lanzhou


D. A. LUCCA

School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Oklahoma State University

Stillwater, OK

USA

List of Contributors xxxiii

HANNAH J. LUNDBERG

Department of Orthopedic Surgery


Chicago, IL

USA

D. B. LUO


Southwest Jiaotong University

Chengdu


JIANBIN LUO


Tsinghua University

Beijing


QUANSHUN LUO

Materials Analysis and Research Service

Materials and Engineering Research Institute

Sheffield Hallam University

Sheffield

UK

MAYURAM M. M.


Machine Design Section

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Chennai, TN

India

ROYA MABOUDIAN



Berkeley, CA

USA

IAN MACPHERSON


Richmond, VA

USA

MARK J. MALATESTA


Automotive Tribology Center

Oakland University Dodge Hall of Engineering

Rochester, MI

USA

STEPHEN MALKIN

Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering

University of Massachusetts

Amherst, MA

USA

DAVID MANAS

Department of Production Engineering

Tomas Bata University

Zlin

Czech Republic

J. KEITH MARTIN

Department of Environmental and Mechanical

Engineering

The Open University

Milton Keynes, Bucks

UK

JEAN MICHEL MARTIN


University of Lyon

Ecully

France

ASHLIE MARTINI


University of California Merced

Merced, CA

USA

CARLA MARTINI

Department of Metals Science, Electrochemistry and

Chemical Techniques

University of Bologna

Bologna

Italy

DIEGO MARTINEZ-MARTINEZ

Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla

(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla)

Sevilla

Spain

ALLAN MATTHEWS


University of Sheffield

Sheffield

UK

xxxiv List of Contributors

DONALD M. MATTOX

Management Plus Inc

and

Society of Vacuum Coaters

Albuquerque, NM

USA

PHILIPPE MAURIN-PERRIER

HEF R&D

Z.I. Sud

Andrezieux–Boutheon Cedex

France

CHRIS J. MAY

Priceville, ON

Canada

JOHN B. MEDLEY

Department of Mech & Mechatronics Engineering

University of Waterloo

Waterloo, ON

Canada

SHREYES N. MELKOTE



Atlanta, GA

USA

QINGEN MENG



University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

YONGGANG MENG


Tsinghua University

Beijing


MARIE-HELENE MEURISSE

CNRS, INSA-Lyon, LaMCoS UMR5259

Universite de Lyon

Villeurbanne Cedex

France

HARRY M. MEYER, III

Division of Materials Science and Technology


Oak Ridge, TN

USA

CYRIL A. MIGDAL


Middlebury, CT

USA

BRENDAN MILLER



Raleigh, NC

USA

ICHIRO MINAMI

Department of Chemical Engineering

Iwate University

Iwate

Japan

and



Lulea

Sweden

MYO MINN



Singapore

Singapore

KAZUHISA MIYOSHI

North Olmsted, OH

USA

PIERRE MONTMITONNET

CEMEF – UMR CNRS 7635

MINES ParisTech

Sophia-Antipolis

France

List of Contributors xxxv

G. E. MORALES-ESPEJEL

SKF Engineering & Research Centre

Nieuwegein

The Netherlands

and

Universite de Lyon, CNRS INSA–Lyon, LaMCoS UMR5259

Villeurbanne

France

CAROL MUEHLEMAN

Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology


Chicago, IL

USA

TERUO MURAKAMI

Research Center for Advanced Biomechanics

Kyushu University

Fukuoka

Japan

C. MURATORE

Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and

Manufacturing Directorate

Wright Patterson Air Force Base

Ohio, OH

USA

ULRICH MULLER

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing

and Research

Dubendorf, ZH

Switzerland

NIKOLAI K. MYSHKIN


V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute

National Academy of Sciences of Belarus

Gomel

Belarus

KEIJI NAKAYAMA

Chiba Institute of Technology

Narashino-shi, Chiba

Japan

ALEKSANDER NAKONIECZNY


Warsaw

Poland

PEDRO A. P. NASCENTE


Federal University of Sao Carlos

Sao Carlos, SP

Brazil

SAYED A. NASSAR


Oakland University

Rochester, MI

USA

LYNN NIEL

Edlan Research Centre

Bingley

UK

JAMES P. NETZEL

Yorkville, IL

USA

SUM HUAN NG

Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology

(SIMTech)

Singapore

Singapore

VALENTINA NGAI

Biomechanical engineering

Robson Forensics Inc

Chicago

USA

GRACIOUS NGAILE



Raleigh, NC

USA

CHAOYING NI

Department of Materials Science & Engineering


Newark, DE

USA

ARMANN NORHEIM

Avinor AS

Oslo

Norway

xxxvi List of Contributors

JOSE L. OCANA

Centro Laser UPM

Universidad Politecnica de Madrid

Madrid

Spain

BRIAN M. O’CONNOR


Wickliffe, OH

USA

L. O’DONNELL


Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, OH

USA

JUNFEI OU



Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

Lanzhou


JIA-HU OUYANG

Department of Materials Science, Institute for Advanced

Ceramics

School of Materials Science and Engineering

Harbin Institute of Technology

Harbin, Heilongjiang


TIMOTHY C. OVAERT



Notre Dame, IN

USA

CODA H. PAN

Global Technology

Millbury, MA

USA

ZEHBOUR PANOSSIAN

Corrosion and Protection Laboratory

Institute of Technological Research of Sao Paulo State

and Polytechnic School of Sao Paulo University

Sao Paulo

Brazil

GEORGE A. PANTAZOPOULOS

ELKEME Hellenic Research Centre for Metals S.A.

Athens

Greece

BRIAN L. PAPKE

Shell Global Solutions (US) Inc

Houston, TX

USA

TIMOTHY PASANG


Auckland Technical University

Auckland

New Zealand

MIRCEA D. PASCOVICI

Department of Machine Elements and Tribology

POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest

Bucharest

Romania

CHARLES A. PASSUT

Afton Chemical Company

Richmond, VA

USA

DUWAYNE PAUL

Spiroid® – A Business Unit of ITW Heartland

Alexandria, MN

USA

A. PAUSCHITZ


research GmbH

Wiener Neustadt

Austria

BRADLEY M. PEDERSON

Advanced Engineering Technology

The Timken Company

Canton, OH

USA

YUTAO PEI

Department of Applied Physics, Materials Innovation

Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials


Groningen, AG

The Netherlands

List of Contributors xxxvii

ZHONGXIAO PENG

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

The University of New South Wales

Sydney, NSW

Australia

NICK A. PEPPIATT

Hallite Seals International Ltd

Hampton, Middlesex

UK

S. S. PESETSKII

Department of Polymer Composites


Academy of Science

Gomel

Belarus

W. DAVID PHILLIPS

Manchester

UK

THOMAS R. PITCHFORD

Seagate Technology

Bloomington, MN

USA

ALESSANDRO PODESTA

Department of Physics and CIMAINA

University of Milano, Molecular Beams and

Nanocrystalline Materials Laboratory

Milano

Italy

ALBERT POGOSIAN


Yerevan

Armenia

TOMAS POLCAR

Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical

Engineering

Czech Technical University in Prague

Prague

Czech Republic

JAROSLAV POLAK

Low Cycle Fatigue Group

Institute of Physics of Materials, ASCR

Brno

Czech Republic

ANDREAS A. POLYCARPOU



Champaign Urbana, IL

USA

MARGARET P. PROCTOR


Cleveland, OH

USA

DAVID PYE

Pye Metallurgical International Consulting

St Annes on Sea, Lancashire

UK

LINMAO QIAN

Tribology Research Institute

National Traction Power Laboratory


Chengdu, Sichuan Province


WANG QINGYUAN

Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics

Sichuan University

Chengdu


JUN QU

Division of Materials Science and Technology


Oak Ridge, TN

USA

MIGUEL ANGEL SANCHEZ QUINTANILLA

Dpto. Electronica y Electromagnetismo

University of Seville

Seville

Spain

xxxviii List of Contributors

JAN QUINTELIER

Department of Mechanics

University College Ghent

Ghent

Belgium

and

Department of Mechanical Construction and

Production

Ghent University

Ghent

Belgium

FARRUKH QURESHI

Applied Science


Wickliffe, OH

USA

D. SRINIVASA RAO



Hyderabad

India

LEV RAPOPORT

Department of Sciences

Holon Institute of Technology

Holon

Israel

NING REN



Evanston, IL

USA

CAROLINE RICHARD

Universite de Tours Francois Rabelais/Polytech’Tours

Tours

France

SEBASTIAN RICHARZ



Berlin

Germany

EHSAN RISMANI-YAZDI



Singapore

Singapore

ROBERT O. RITCHIE



Berkeley, CA

USA

and

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Berkeley, CA

USA

BARBARA RIVOLTA

Dipartimento di Meccanica

Politecnico di Milano

Milano

Italy

CESAR AUGUSTO DUARTE RODRIGUEZ

Instituto de Quımica de Sao Carlos


Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo

Brazil

WAGNER DE ROSSI

Centro de Lasers e Aplicacoes

Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares – IPEN

Sao Paulo, SP

Brazil

W. BRIAN ROWE

Liverpool John Moores University

Liverpool, England

UK

MARINA RUTHS

Department of Chemistry

University of Massachusetts

Lowell, MA

USA

IGOR RYCHLIK

Mathematical Sciences

Chalmers University of Technology and University of

Gothenburg

Gothenburg

Sweden

List of Contributors xxxix

ZYGMUNT RYMUZA

Warsaw University of Technology

Warsaw

Poland

MOHAMMAD HOSSEIN SABOUR

Aerospace Department

University of Tehran

Tehran

Iran

FARSHID SADEGHI

Purdue University

West Lafayette, IN

USA

RICHARD F. SALANT



Atlanta, GA

USA

IMAN SALEHI


Hawthorn, VIC

Australia

MOHAMMED ABDUL SAMAD



Singapore

Singapore

FIONA SAMMLER

Head of Cutting Tools



Berlin

Germany

JOHNSON SAMUEL

Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering


Troy, NY

USA

LUIS SAN ANDRES


Turbomachinery Laboratory


College Station, TX

USA

JOHN SANDER

Lubrication Engineers, Inc.

Wichita, KS

USA

DEREK SARGANT

Materials Development

Trelleborg Sealing Solutions

Somersworth, NH

USA

NALAM SATYANARAYANA



Singapore

Singapore

AFFATATO SAVERIO

Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica

Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli

Bologna

Italy

KOICHIRO SAWA

Department of System Design Engineering

Keio University

Kohoku-ku, Yokohama

Japan

W. GREGORY SAWYER



Gainesville, FL

USA

DIETMAR SCHERER

Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic

Components and Composites

University of Stuttgart

Stuttgart

Germany

xl List of Contributors

STEVEN R. SCHMID

Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering


Notre Dame, IN

USA

THOMAS SCHUELKE

Fraunhofer Center for Coatings and Laser Applications

Fraunhofer USA, Inc.

Michigan State University

East Lansing, MI

USA

CHARLES D. SCHULTZ

Beyta Gear Service

Winfield, IL

USA

CHRISTIAN J. SCHWARTZ



College Station, TX

USA

TIMOTHY W. SECOMB

Department of Physiology

University of Arizona

Tucson, AZ

USA

PAUL D. SEEMUTH

Tribology Consulting International LLC

Ringgold, GA

USA

JORG SEEWIG

Lehrstuhl fur Messtechnik & Sensorik

Technische Universitat Kaiserslautern

Kaiserslautern

Germany

REZA SHAHBAZIAN-YASSAR

Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering

Mechanics

Michigan Technological University

Houghton, MI

USA

JIAN SHANG




Lanzhou


LEON L. SHAW

Department of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular

Engineering

Institute of Materials Science

University of Connecticut

Storrs, CT

USA

SHENG SHEN


Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, MA

USA

GANG SHENG


University of Alaska

Fairbanks, AK

USA

DUNCAN E. T. SHEPHERD


University of Birmingham

Birmingham

UK

SIMON SHEU

Alcoa Technical Center

Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa)

Alcoa Center, PA

USA

HUA-CHU SHIH

Advanced Applications Technology

United States Steel Corporation

Troy, MI

USA

CLEITON C. SILVA

Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering

Welding Engineering Labor

Federal University of Ceara

Fortaleza, Ceara

Brazil

List of Contributors xli

SUJEET K. SINHA



Singapore

Singapore

NIRMAL K. SINHA

Institute for Aerospace Research


Ottawa, ON

Canada

G. SIVAKUMAR



Hyderabad

India

SESHADRI S.K.

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Chennai

India

STEVEN J. SKERLOS

Mechnical Engineering Department

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, MI

USA

R. W. SNIDLE


Cardiff University

Cardiff

UK

MAGALHAES DE ROMULO RIBEIRO SOUSA

Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do

Piaui

Teresina, Pi

Brazil

V. E. STARZHINSKY



Gomel

Belarus

DAVID A. STEPHENSON

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, MI

USA

JASON R. STOKES

School of Chemical Engineering

The University of Queensland

Brisbane, QLD

Australia

ROBERT K. STURK

Techincal Center

Federal-Mogul Corporation

Plymouth, MI

USA

HEINZ STURM

Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing

(BAM)

Scanning Probe Microscopy, Tribology and Wear

Protection

Berlin

Germany

and

TU Berlin, Institute of Machine Tools and Factory

Management

Berlin

Germany

SATHYAN SUBBIAH

Nanyang Technological University

Singapore

Singapore

B. SUBRAMONIAN

Department of Space

Space Tribology, ISRO Inertial Systems Unit

Trivandrum, Kerala

India

D. C. SUN


State University of New York at Binghamton

Binghamton, NY

USA

xlii List of Contributors

XIAOJUN SUN




Lanzhou, Gansu


N. SUNDARAM

Center for Materials Processing and Tribology

Purdue University

West Lafayette, IN

USA

G. SUNDARARAJAN



Hyderabad

India

IN-HA SUNG


Hannam University

Daejeon

South Korea

ANDRAS Z. SZERI



Newark, DE

USA

EDSON HIROMASSA TAKANO

PG-Mec

Universidade Federal do Parana

Curitiba

Brazil

FRANK E. TALKE

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering


San Diego

La Jolla, CA

USA

HONG-ZHI TANG

Department of R & D


Richmond, VA

USA

WILLIAM WEI TAO

Chrysler Group

Auburn Hills, MI

USA

MARTHA TATE

Kimberly-Clark Corporation

Roswell, GA

USA

JOHN M. TAYLOR


Richmond, VA

USA

EDUARDO K. TENTARDINI

Nucleo de Ciencia e Engenharia de Materiais – NUCEM

UFS – Federal University of Sergipe

Sao Cristovao, Sergipe

Brazil

and

CCET, Caxias do Sul University

Brazil

PHILIP TERRY

Chief Metallurgist – P Terry and Associates

Lufkin, TX

USA

SAMUEL H. TERSIGNI


Richmond, VA

USA

PETER THEOBALD

Institute of Medical Engineering & Medical Physics

Cardiff School of Engineering

Cardiff University

Cardiff, Wales

UK

LAURA THORP

Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology


Chicago, IL

USA

List of Contributors xliii

GOTZ THORWARTH

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing

and Research

Dubendorf, ZH

Switzerland

YU TIAN


Tsinghua University

Beijing


JOHN TICHY



Troy, NY

USA

ROLAND S. TIMSIT

Timron Advanced Connector Technologies

A Subsidiary of Timron Scientific Consulting Inc.

Toronto, ON

Canada

DENIS V. TKACHUK




Gomel

Belarus

GULCAN TOKTAS


Balikesir University

Balikesir

Turkey

KRISTIAN TØNDER

Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Trondheim

Norway

BERNARDO TORMOS

CMT-Motores Termicos

Universitat Politecnica de Valencia

Valencia

Spain

GEORGE EDWARD TOTTEN



College Station, TX

USA

GERMANO TREMILIOSI-FILHO

Instituto de Quımica de Sao Carlos


Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo

Brazil

MARIO ERNESTO TREVINO



Mexico

ANDRE PAULO TSCHIPTSCHIN

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department

University of Sao Paulo

Sao Paulo, SP

Brazil

SANKARA NARAYANAN T.S.N.

National Metallurgical Laboratory

Madras Centre

Chennai

India

VLADIMIR TSUKRUK

Materials Science and Engineering Department

Georgia Institute of Technology, Materials Science and

Engineering

Atlanta, GA

USA

JOHN TURTLE


Richmond, VA

USA

WILFRED T. TYSOE

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Milwaukee, WI

USA

xliv List of Contributors

YOSHITAKA UCHIYAMA

Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology

Kanazawa University

Kanazawa

Japan

ECKART UHLMANN

Department of Manufacturing Technology



Berlin

Germany

SERGIO VALERI


University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Modena

Italy

and

CNR-ISTITUTO NANOSCIENZE Research Center on

nanoStructures and bioSystems at Surfaces (S3)

Modena

Italy

ROBERTO VARGIOLU

Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Laboratory of Tribology and

Dynamic of Systems


University of Lyon

Ecully Cedex

France

JAN VATAVUK


Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie

Sao Paulo, SP

Brazil

ANDRE VERHELST

Fomer Member of CIMAC

Texaco R&D

Ghent

Belgium

CHRISTOPHER A. VETTER



Fargo, ND

USA

FABRICE VILLE

LaMCoS

Universite de Lyon. INSA de Lyon

Villeurbanne

France

A. A. VOEVODIN

Air Force Research Laboratory

Materials and Manufacturing Directorate


Ohio, OH

USA

CYRIL VOISARD

Synthes GmbH

Langendorf

Switzerland

DALIBOR VOJTECH

Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering

Institute of Chemical Technology

Prague

Czech Republic

G. VORLAUFER


research GmbH

Wiener Neustadt

Austria

TOSHIAKI WAKABAYASHI

Department of Advanced Materials Science

Kagawa University

Takamatsu - shi, Kagawa Prefecture

Japan

DANE E. WALKER

Department of Materials

Loughborough University

Loughborough, Leicestershire

UK

PETER WALL

Division of Mathematical Sciences


Lulea

Sweden

List of Contributors xlv

FRANK C. WALSH

Faculty of Engineering and the Environment

Engineering Sciences


Southampton

UK

R. J. WALTMAN

Disk Development


San Jose, CA

USA

SHANHONG H. WAN




Lanzhou


AIGUO WANG

Stryker Orthopaedics

Mahwah

USA

XIAO-BO WANG

State Key Laboratory Solid Lubrication



Lanzhou


CHENGTAO WANG

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Shanghai


FANG WANG

China Ship Scientific Research Center

Wuxi Jiangsu


FENGCAI WANG


Wuhan University of Science and Technology

Wuhan, Hubei


and

National Research Centre of Bearing Technology (ZWZ)



HAI-DOU WANG

National Key Lab for Remanufacturing

Academy of Armored Forces Engineering

Beijing


HANYU WANG

Bradford Grammar School

Bradford, West Yorkshire

UK

JEN-LUNG WANG

Evonik Oil Additives

Wax Modifier Business Segment Manager

Horsham, PA

USA

JIADAO WANG


Tsinghua University

Beijing


JIAXU WANG

Chongqing University

Chongqing


JINQING WANG




Lanzhou


LING WANG


University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

LIPING WANG




Lanzhou


xlvi List of Contributors

Q. JANE WANG




Evanston, IL

USA

QIANZHI WANG



Nanjing


QINGLIANG WANG

Institute of Tribology and Reliability

Department of Materials Science and Technology

China University of Mining and Technology

Xuzhou, Jiangsu


WEN-ZHONG WANG


Beijing Institute of Technology

Beijing


XIANFENG WANG

College of Civil Engineering

Shenzhen University

Shenzhen, Guangdong


YANSONG WANG

Baker Hughes Incorporated

Houston, TX

USA

YONGXIN WANG




Lanzhou


MICHAŁ WASILCZUK



Gdansk

Poland

MARK WEBER

NanoFocus AG

Oberhausen

Germany

KLAUS WEINERT

Department of Machining Technology

Institute of Machining Technology

Technische Universitat Dortmund

Dortmund

Germany

SHENGMIN WEN



Evanston, IL

USA

WARREN J. WHITNEY

Techincal Center

Federal-Mogul Corporation

Plymouth, MI

USA

GEOFFREY D. WILCOX

Department of Materials

Loughborough University

Loughborough, Leicestershire

UK

SOPHIE WILLIAMS



University of Leeds

Leeds

UK

RYAN WILLING

Hand and Upper Limb Centre

St. Joseph’s Health Centre

University of Western Ontario

London, ON

Canada

MARKUS A. WIMMER

Department of Orthopedics


Chicago, IL

USA

List of Contributors xlvii

BRET C. WINDOM



Gainesville, FL

USA

GEORG WIORA

NanoFocus AG

Oberhausen

Germany

MICHAŁ WODTKE



Gdansk

Poland

R. J. K. WOOD





UK

DAVE WOOTON

Wooton Consulting

Beaverdam, VA

USA

CASSANDRA J. WRIGHT-WALKER

Department of Bioengineering

Clemson University

Clemson, SC

USA

JUN JIE WU

School of Engineering and Computing Sciences

Durham University

Durham

UK

SHIFENG WU

Mechanical Seal Division

A.W. Chesterton Co

Groveland, MA

USA

YOU-BAI XIE



Shanghai


SHANGWU XIONG



Evanston, IL

USA

HUA XU

Theory of Lubrication and Bearing Institute

Mechanical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University

Xi’an, Shaanxi Province


JIANFENG XU

HDD H/M Tribology & Mechanical Integration


San Jose, CA

USA

THOMAS J. YAGER

NASA Langley Research Center

Hampton, VA

USA

MAOCHENG YAN



Fargo, ND

USA

YU YAN

Corrosion and Protection Center, Key Laboratory for

Environmental Fracture (MOE)

University of Science and Technology Beijing

Beijing


PEIRAN YANG


Qingdao Technological University

Qingdao


xlviii List of Contributors

SHENGRONG YANG




Lanzhou


XIANJIE YANG


Oakland University

Rochester, MI

USA

THIRUMAL YASODHA

Department of pharmacology

Al-Tahadi University

Libya

LIONEL A. YOUNG

Advanced Technology

Flowserve Corporation

Temecula, CA

USA

BINGJUN YU






JIAXIN YU




Chengdu

Sichuan Province


QIUMING YU


Seattle, WA

USA

RONALD E. YUNGK

Air BP Lubricants

Naperville, IL

USA

J. S. ZABINSKI

Air Force Research Laboratory

Materials and Manufacturing Directorate


Ohio, OH

USA

HASSAN ZAHOUANI

Ecole nationale d’Ingenieur de Saint Etienne, Laboratory

of Tribology and Dynamic of Systems


University of Lyon

Ecully Cedex

France

ALAN T. ZEHNDER

Field of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Cornell University

Ithaca, NY

USA

ZHIXIANG ZENG

Ningbo Key Laboratory of Marine Protection Materials,

Surface Engineering Division

Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and

Engineering


Ningbo


ROLF ZENKER

TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Institute of Materials Engineering

Freiberg Zenker Consult

Mittweida

Germany

CHENHUI ZHANG


Tsinghua University

Beijing


G. A. ZHANG


Lanzhou


List of Contributors xlix

JIAN-HUA ZHANG

School of Mechatronics and Automation

Shanghai University

Shanghai


JUNYAN ZHANG




Lanzhou


MING ZHANG



Hong Kong


TONG-YI ZHANG


Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR


XIANG-JUN ZHANG


Tsinghua University

Beijing


XINGHANG ZHANG


Materials Science and Engineering Program


College Station, TX

USA

YOUYUN ZHANG



Xi’an, Shaanxi


ZHENYU ZHANG

Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-Traditional

Machining Technology of Ministry of Education

Dalian University of Technology

Dalian


ZHONGPING ZHANG

The Science Institute

Air Force Engineering University

Xi’an


JIANG ZHAO

Institute of Chemistry


Beijing


JINMIN ZHAO

Spintronics, Media and Interface Division, Agency for

Science, Technology and Research (A*star)

Data Storage Institute

Singapore

Singapore

WENJIE ZHAO

Ningbo Key Laboratory of Marine Protection Materials,

Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and

Engineering


Ningbo


HUI ZHENG



Shanghai


JING ZHENG





HUANG ZHIYONG

Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics

Sichuan University

Chengdu


FEI ZHOU

Academy of Frontier Science


Nanjing


l List of Contributors

FENG ZHOU




Lanzhou


KUN ZHOU

School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Nanyang Technological University

Singapore

XIN ZHOU

Innovation Center

Eaton Corporation

Moon Township, PA

USA

ZHONG-RONG ZHOU





DONG ZHU

State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission

Chongqing University

Chongqing


YONGSHENG ZHU




Xi’an, Shaanxi Province


QIAN ZOU


Oakland University

Rochester, MI

USA

KENNETH J. ZWICK

Kimberly-Clark Corporation

Neenah, WI

USA

List of Contributors li

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