Feb. 22, 2013US History

Mrs. Dotycdoty@pgcps.org

My name appears as Sharon Neill in the chat window

Impact of the New Deal• Objectives: Students will be able to analyze the

New Deal in order to evaluate the success and failure of it.

• Agenda: – Homework – Go to Discovery Education and complete

posted assignments by next Thursday Feb. 28 at midnight. Post all assignments in Discovery Education

– Lesson Today – Analyzing the New Deal Textbook pp. 723 to 729

– Reading for next week – pp 736 - 745

Relief Programs 1933 - 1935• Put billions of

dollars into the pockets of Poor Americans

• Millions of people enjoyed some form of help from the Depression

• Put people back to work

New Deal 1933 - 1936• 13 millions unemployed in

1933• 9 million unemployed in

1936• Economy improved above

levels before the 1929 Crash

• Wages, factory output was higher than before 1929 Crash 1933

1936

Name 4 Positive Things About the New Deal

1.

2.

3

4.

1937 - 1939

• Economic Downturn 1937 and 1938

• By 1939 10 million people were unemployed

• The Economy had lost grains

1937

1939

Unemployment, 1929-1942

Describe two things that happened from 1937 to 1939 in US

1.

2.

The End of the New Deal• 1938 saw the end of the

New Deal

• The “Roosevelt Recession” of 1937 was the result of FDR’s attempt to reduce government spending & balance the budget

Critics of the New Deal• Not popular with Big Business• Business lost confidence did not expand to create jobs• Too much Government control• Some thought the New Deal didn’t go far enough and

the government should have spent more to help unemployment

Name 2 things that were criticisms about the New Deal

1.

2.

The Impact of the New Deal

Fair Labor Standards Act 1938• Labor Laws were created to protect workers• 44 hour week• Unemployment Benefits• Minimum wages – the lowest wage a person

can earn per hour• Overtime pay of time and a half• Did not include Farmworkers

The Impact on Organized Labor

• For the 1st time, unskilled & skilled laborers were unionized:– Women & African-Americans benefited because

they made up a large % of unskilled labors– While the New Deal’s Wagner Act helped make

unions stronger, major steps to unionize were initiated by the unions themselves, not the federal gov’t

Name 4 Positive Things for Labor as a Result of the New Deal

1.

2.

3.

4.

The Impact on Women• Few economic benefits to

women:– The New Deal allowed for

unequal wages; Social Security, minimum wage laws offered little help for women

• But, women did see gains in Government– The 1st female cabinet

member, Senator, ambassadors, & judges were appointed under FDR

The 1st female cabinet member: Francis Perkins (Dept of Labor)

The 1st female Senator: Hattie Caraway (D-Arkansas)

Impact on African Americans• Racism & segregation remained strong during the

Depression• Lower wage scales for black workers

Impact on African Americans• Minimum wage & SS did not apply to farmers

& domestic servants (65% were black)• Blacks experienced 50 % unemployment rate

Mariam Anderson• African American Singer• Went to Europe became

famous• Daughter of American

Revolution Hall refused to let her sing in 1939 in DC

Mrs. Roosevelt arranged for her to sing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial with over 75,000 people

Eleanor Roosevelt with singer Marian Anderson

New DealImpacts on African Americans

1.

2.

The Impact on Mexican-Americans• Mexican-Americans fared

even worse than blacks:– The Dust Bowl led to a flood

of whites into the agricultural fields in the southwest

– Congress created immigration restrictions & allowed for the deportation of illegal residents to reduce state welfare payments

– Received few New Deal benefits

The Impact on the South & West• The South & West benefited the most from the New

Deal:– The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) helped end

Southern dependence on sharecropping in favor of a wage labor system

The Impact on the WEST• The South & West

benefited the most from the New Deal:– The West received more

work relief & welfare than any region

– Hydroelectric power & irrigation programs helped residents

Conclusion:The New Deal &

American Life

The New Deal and American Life• The New Deal lasted only 5 years (1933-1938);

The majority of laws came in 2 bursts in 1933 & 1935

The New Deal and American Life• The New Deal was not very successful

economically: – Helped relieve suffering but did not end the

Depression– American wealth remained unequally distributed

The New Deal & American Life• The New Deal was more successful socially:

– Social Security, Wagner Act, & the Fair Labor Standards Act helped elderly & disabled citizens, labor unions, & workers

The New Deal & American Life• The New Deal was more successful socially:

– The New Deal did not help women, minorities, domestic workers, or small farmers

The New Deal and American Life• The New Deal was most successful politically:

– FDR’s leadership unified a new Democratic voting bloc – FDR used his leadership & optimism to provide a vital

psychological lift to help citizens endure the Great Depression

After the New Deal

• After 1938 election, Roosevelt lacked support• Unable to pass more New Deal Style laws

Seek Peace 1930s

• 1930s in Europe saw war, dictators and more war

• Roosevelt did not want to lead the US into War

• He said we “…Must seek peace”