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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Endocrine System
A system of glands that secrete hormones (chemical messengers) directly into the blood stream.
Promotes growth and maintains the internal balance of the body. (Homeostasis)
Note: The hypothalamus is technically part of the nervous system(brain).
The function of the endocrine system
The system of glands, tissues, and cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to influence metabolism and other body processes.
Hypothalamus
A part of the brain that activates, controls, and integrates the autonomic mechanisms, endocrine activities, and many body functions.
Pituitary Gland
The “master gland,” closely linked with the hypothalamus, that controls other endocrine glands and secretes hormones that regulate growth, maturation and reproduction.
The pituitary gland may be king, but the power behind the throne is clearly the hypothalamus.
Pituitary gland secretions
ACTH- adrenocorticotropic hormone
A hormone formed in the pituitary gland, that stimulates the outer layer of the adrenal gland to secrete its hormone.
HGH- human growth hormone
Promotes growth (indirectly), control of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
Liver, adipose tissue
Pituitary gland secretions
LH- luteinizing hormone Control of reproductive
function Ovary and testes
(growth, development & function)
FSH- follicle-stimulating hormone
Control of reproductive function
Ovary and testes (growth, development & function)
In both sexes, LH stimulates secretion of sex steroids from the gonads. In the testes, LH binds to cells, stimulating synthesis and secretion of testosterone. Cells in the ovary respond to LH stimulation by secretion of testosterone, which is converted into estrogen by adjacent cells.
Pituitary gland secretions
Oxytocin- Stimulates milk ejection and uterine contractions.
Ovary and testes Oxytocin acting within the brain plays a major
role in establishing maternal behavior.
Thyroid
Control heart rate, body weight, body temperature, energy level, muscle strength and menstrual regularity.
Thyroid problems
Hypo: The thyroid gland
produces too little amounts of thyroid hormone. Hypothyroidism causes the body to function at a lower rate.
Hyper: The thyroid gland
produces too much hormone. Increases the rate at which each cell functions, increasing all the reactions that occur in the body.
Parathyroid
One of four small endocrine glands on the back of the thyroid
Secretes parathyroid hormone which regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
Adrenal Glands
Endocrine glands, located over the kidneys that produce androgens (example: testosterone)
Regulated by the hormones of the pituitary gland.
Pancreas
The pancreas is a digestive gland found behind the lower part of the stomach. It discharges its juice, mixed with with bile, into the intestine.
It also produces insulin, a hormone that helps to control the level of glucose sugar in your blood
Ovaries
One of two female reproductive glands that produce ova (eggs) and sex hormones; ovaries are the female gonads.
Production of estrogen Production of
progesterone
Testicles
Site of sperm production, also known as Gonads
Produces the male sex hormone testosterone.