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ENDOSCO
PYDEPARTM
ENT
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WHAT IS ENDOSCOPY ????
An endoscopy involves examining the inside of aperson's body using an endoscope. An endoscope is amedical device consisting of a long, thin, flexible (orrigid) tube which has a light and a video camera.
Images of the inside of the patient's body can be seenon a screen. The whole endoscopy is recorded so thatdoctors can check it again. Endoscopy is a minimally
invasive diagnostic medical procedure. It is
used to examine the interior surfaces of anorgan or tissue.
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Why Do I Need an Endoscopy?
Doctors will often recommend endoscopy to evaluate: Stomach pain
Ulcers, gastritis, or difficulty swallowing
Digestive tract bleeding
Changes in bowel habits (chronic constipation ordiarrhea)
Polyps or growths in the colon
In addition, your doctor may use an endoscope to take a biopsy (removal
of tissue) to look for the presence of disease.
Endoscopy may also be used to treat a digestive tract problem. For
example, the endoscope might not only detect active bleeding from anulcer, but devices can be passed through the endoscope that can stop the
bleeding. In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to
prevent the development ofcolon cancer.
Also, using ERCP((Endoscopic Retrograde
CholangioPancreatography)(upper endoscopy )), gallstones that havepassed outside the gallbladder and into the bile duct can be removed.
http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-peptic-ulcer-diseasehttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritishttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-constipationhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-diarrheahttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstoneshttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/gallstoneshttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/guide/colorectal-polyps-cancerhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-diarrheahttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-constipationhttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/bleeding-digestive-tracthttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-gastritishttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/digestive-diseases-peptic-ulcer-disease7/29/2019 Endoscopy Deptt
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How Do I Prepare for Endoscopy?
Gut Preparation. Examining the upper digestive tract(upper endoscopy or ERCP) requires nothing more than fasting for 6-8
hours prior to the procedure. To examine the colon, it must be cleared of
stool. Therefore, a laxative or group of laxatives is given on the day
before the procedure.
Sedation. For most examinations with an endoscope, a sedative isprovided. This increases the comfort of the individual undergoing the
examination. The sedative, which is administered via an injection into the
vein, produces relaxation and light sleep. There are usually few if any
recollections of the procedure. Patients wake up within an hour, but theeffects of the medicines are more prolonged, so it is not safe to drive
until the next day.
General anesthesia (puts you totally asleep for a period of time) is given
in only very special circumstances (in young children, and when very
complex procedures are planned).
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Is Endoscopy Safe?
Overall, endoscopy is very safe, however, the proceduredoes have a few potential complications, which mayinclude
Perforation (tear in the gut wall)
Reaction to sedation Infection
Bleeding
Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP(EndoscopicRetrograde CholangioPancreatography)
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Diagnostic Kits - EndoscopyEndoscopy is an important tool for gastro enterologists and other specialists dealing with
problems of the digestive tract. Ensoscopes are thin, flexible telescopes that allow trained
specialists to examine most areas of the gut. At the end of the endoscope is a tiny television
camera, which allows the doctor to see the lining of the gut in close up and in colour on a
television monitor.
Endoscopes are named after the part of the body they are designed to view. A gastro scope
is used to examine the stomach for an ulcer.A laparoscope is to detect cysts and infections of the uterus, fallopian tubes and
ovaries.Upper endoscopy refers to examination of the oesophagus, stomach
etc.Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy refers to endoscopy of large intestines, through the
anus.Special controls helps doctors move the tip of the instrument, to blow air, wash or suck
fluids to clear the view. Endoscopes have an inner channel through which doctors can pass
other devices for diagnosis and treatment. Using an endoscope a surgeon can carryout
minor operations also. Surgical instruments like forceps can be taken to the site wheresurgery is needed. A number of instruments can be fitted to the endoscope. For e.g., with
the help of toothed Biopsy forceps, samples of tissues can be removed for Biopsy
examination. Polyps, which are small wart like tumours, which arise on the gut wall, mostly
in colon, can be removed using a colonoscope, electrical current is applied to cut off the
polyp cleanly.
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ENDOSCOPY
DEPARTMENT
An endoscopy unit refers to a dedicated areawhere medical procedures are performed
with endoscopes, which are cameras used to
visualize structures within the body, such as
the digestive tract and genitourinary system.Endoscopy units may be located within a hospital,
incorporated within other medical care centres, or
may be stand-alone in nature.
In the early days of endoscopy, when fewerprocedures were carried out, facilities such
as operating theatres tended to be used; as the
number of procedures carried out and the
complexity of the procedures and equipment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genitourinary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_tracthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscope7/29/2019 Endoscopy Deptt
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Components
An endoscopy unit consists of the followingcomponents: trained and accredited endoscopists(which are usually gastroenterologists or surgeons);trained nursing and additional staff; endoscopes andother equipment; preparation, procedural andrecovery areas; a disinfection and cleaning area forequipment; emergency equipment and personnel;and, a program for quality assurance. Proceduresperformed within an endoscopy unit may include
gastrointestinal endoscopy (suchas gastroscopy, colonoscopy, ERCP, and endoscopicultrasound), bronchoscopy, cystoscopy, or other morespecialized procedures. Endoscopy units may be partof a hospital, where emergency procedures may beperformed on ill patients admitted to hospital;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenterologisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_ultrasoundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonoscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroscopyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgeonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenterologist7/29/2019 Endoscopy Deptt
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Layout
Endoscopy units consist of a number of areas:
Reception and waiting area for patients and
relatives.
Consultation rooms.
Changing areas.
Procedure rooms.
Recovery area.
Decontamination area.
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Procedure rooms These are the rooms where the endoscopic procedures are performed.
Procedure rooms should to contain:
Patient trolley.
Endoscopy 'stack' and video monitor(s) this equipment contains the lightsource and processor required for the endoscopes to produce images.
Monitoring equipment to allow continuous monitoring of patient conditionduring procedures.
suction equipment to allow both aspiration ofairway secretions and to allowaspiration of fluid through the endoscope.
Piped oxygen supply.
Medication used to provide procedural sedation.
Ancillary equipment - endoscopy biopsy forceps, snares,injectors (seeInstruments used in gastroenterology).
Diathermy and/orArgon plasma coagulation equipment.
Computer(s) used to generate endoscopy reports.
An endoscopy recovery area
Procedure rooms should be at least 200 square feet (19 m2) in size, andhospitals should have at least two procedure rooms. Larger endoscopy unitsshould contain one procedure room per 1,000 to 1,500 proceduresperformed annually.[3]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(medical_device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon_plasma_coagulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_gastroenterologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_sedationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(medical_device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(medical_device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirator_(medical_device)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_monitor7/29/2019 Endoscopy Deptt
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ENDOSCOPE WITH
FLEXIBLE TUBEENDOSCOPIC MASK
ENDOSCOPY VIDEO
PROCESSIOR
CAMERA
ENDOSCOPY
CCD(charge-coupleddevice) CAMERA
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Recovery area Since a number of patients undergoing
endoscopy receive sedation, and a few
emergency patients may be unstable, there must
be an area available for the observation of
patients until they have recovered. These areasalso need to have piped oxygen, full monitoring
facilities (including pulse oximetry),
suction, resuscitation equipment and emergency
drugs.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qrbzpDA98g
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