SOCIETY OF TOXICOLOGY ENDOWMENT FUND

ANNUAL REPORT2016–2017

Table of Contents

Letter from the Chair .....................................................................1

Expressions of Appreciation .........................................................2

Endowment Fund Highlights .........................................................3

What Your Dollars Support ........................................................4–6

Make a Gift ..................................................................................7–8Individual Recognition ...............................................................................................7

Corporation/Institutional Recognition ....................................................................7

Expand Your Contribution ........................................................................................7

Benefits ........................................................................................................................8

Planned Giving............................................................................................................8

Honor Roll of Contributors ......................................................9–11Lifetime Paracelsus Contributors............................................................................9

Endowment Fund Contributors (2016–2017) ....................................................11

Institutional Contributors ........................................................................................11

Employer Matching Contributions ........................................................................11

Financial Summary for 2016–2017 ............................................12

“The past 10 years have demonstrated the resounding success of the SOT Endowment Fund based on extensive contributions and resulting accomplishments. Since there is an immense opportunity for future impact on the toxicology profession through the Endowment Fund, I strongly encourage everyone to financially support this noble effort to the greatest degree possible.”

—James A. Popp, DVM, PhD, Stratoxon LLC

Letter from the ChairDear Colleague:

The mission of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) Endowment Fund, now in existence for more than 10 years, is to assist in advancing the science of toxicology by providing financial support for the Society’s programs. We enable this mission through the generous contributions of SOT members and their families and friends. The mission is realized by funding awards and other programs that achieve the Society’s strategic objectives. I am pleased to present a report demonstrating the Endowment Fund’s continued growth during the last fiscal year, the important ways students and other colleagues have benefited from your contributions, and the ways the Endowment Fund creates lasting philanthropy.

This year, the Endowment Fund Board approved three new named funds—the Andersen/Clewell Trainee Award Fund, the Bruce A. Fowler Metals Award Fund, and the Mitzi and Prakash Nagarkatti Research Excellence in Immunotoxicology Award Fund. These additions brought the total of named funds in the Endowment to 42. Another milestone was reached with the total worth of all Endowment Funds exceeding $3 million!

As this report and the more detailed information on the website demonstrate, your contributions are sustaining the growth of the Endowment Fund, and the proceeds of the fund are working for your intent. Please continue to contribute and to recruit others to join the fellowship by giving with you. The Endowment Fund is making a difference and supporting toxicology and our future leaders by advancing the strategic mission areas of the SOT.

On behalf of the Endowment Fund Board, thank you for your contributions!

Endowment Fund Board

Janice E. Chambers, PhD, DABT, ATS

Chair

Robert A. Roth, PhD, DABT Co-Chair

Michael Aschner, PhD, ATS

George P. Daston, PhD

David L. Eaton, PhD, ATS

Patricia E. Ganey, PhD Ex-Officio

Peter L. Goering, PhD, DABT, ATS

Jeffrey S. Moffit, PhD, DABT

John B. Morris, PhD

Adrian Nanez, PhD

Dennis J. Paustenbach, PhD, DABT

Tonia M. Masson Ex-Officio

Martha L. Malone, CAE Staff Liaison

Sincerely,

Janice E. Chambers, PhD, DABT, ATS

SOT Endowment Fund Board Chair

Thank You!2016–2017 Endowment

Fund Board Members

Matthew S. Bogdanffy, PhD, DABT, FATS Chair

Daniel Acosta Jr., PhD, FATS

Jeff Handler, PhD, DABT, MBA

Norbert E. Kaminiski, PhD

Denise Robinson Gravatt, PhD

“This award is really encouraging as it will definitely leave a positive imprint on my mind to further apply and do these kinds of research. I highly appreciate and thank the team for giving me this opportunity. I look forward to serving the Society whenever and whichever way it is possible in future.”

—Krishnaprahlad Maremanda, MS Pharm, NIPER, India Toxikon, a Preclinical Tox Organization, & Dr. Dharm Singh ASIO Award Fund Awardee

“Presenting my research in the meeting and interacting with other great researchers [gave me] an exceptional opportunity to learn the progressive science in the field and also inspires me to come up with great ideas and projects that might be of significance in the field.”

—Gelareh Alam, PharmD, PhD, Northeast Ohio Medical University Toshio Narahashi Neurotoxicology Fellowship Award Fund Awardee

Expressions of Appreciation

“The state of the art research presentations at the Society of Toxicology and Teratology Society Annual Meetings are an unparalleled learning experience. In addition, networking with leading researchers and students, while receiving specific, on-point feedback about my project, was a fantastic opportunity.”

—Edith Marie McKenzie, BS, MS, University of Georgia Edward W. Carney Trainee Award Fund Awardee

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New Funds Established 2016–2017

Andersen/Clewell Trainee Award FundAligned with the Risk Assessment Specialty Section (RASS)and Biological Modeling Specialty Section (BMSS), this fund encourages the education and training of toxicologists in biological modeling and risk assessment.

Bruce A. Fowler Metals Endowment FundAligned with the Metals Specialty Section, this fund provides annual awards to students, trainees, and scientists with less than 10 years of experience for excellence in metals toxicology in interdisciplinary research with other scientific disciplines.

Mitzi and Prakash Nagarkatti ResearchExcellence in Immunotoxicology Award FundAligned with the Immunotoxicology Specialty Section, this fund encourages and recognizes graduate students and postdoctoral scholars for excellence in research involving mechanisms of immunomodulation in health and disease.

New in 2016–2017Online giving system launched!

2016–20172015–20162014–20152013-20142012–2013$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

Total Society Funds Disbursed

Total NamedFunds Disbursed

Five-Year Growth of Distributions

Making a Difference: Awards Disbursed

802017

45 2012

$62,0662012

$120,3802017

Annual Contributions

$3.2 million

2017

$1.6 million

2012

Endowment Fund Balance

472017

37 2012

Number of Funds

Look How Far We’ve Come: Five-Year Review (2012–2017)

Endowment Fund Highlights

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What Your Dollars Support

“As a graduate student, I was honored to receive the Carl Smith Award. Carl was a wonderful person and the Smith Award had a positive impact on many graduate students. It was gratifying to be able to direct my gift to the Smith Fund and know that I am giving back to sustain this award. Even better was knowing that my company’s match as well as the SOT match meant my contribution was increased four-fold.”

—Jon C. Cook, PhD, ATS, DABT, Pfizer, Inc.

Recognizing AchievementsMore than 50% of the Endowment Named Funds provide support to recognize achievements of student and postdoctoral scholars.

Encouraging DiversityTen funds provide support for ethnic diversity based on scientific quality.

Stable, Long-Term SupportEndowment funded activities receive support, regardless of fluctuations in the operating budget, providing a reliable income source to support critical mission-related activities.

Graduate Student Travel AwardsFunds provide travel awards to graduate students to provide poster or platform presentations, enabling connections with SOT members and advancing their engagement with other scientists.

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What Your Dollars Support

2017 Perry J. Gehring Student Diversity Travel Award Awardee 2017 SOT Undergraduate Diversity Program

Learn More about the Endowment Fund Award RecipientsVisit the Endowment Fund webpage, www.toxicology.org/endowment, for a listing of the recent Endowment Fund award recipients, along with their profiles and research summaries. Awardees also are recognized during the slide show displayed prior to the Awards Ceremony at the SOT Annual Meeting.

Engaging Component GroupsMost of the Named Funds are administered by SOT Regional Chapters, Special Interest Groups, and Specialty Sections, allowing them an avenue to bestow awards and engage their current and future members.

Global Awards and FellowshipsMultiple funds provide travel awards to individuals in developing or underrepresented countries to participate in US-based toxicology events in order to forge collaborations with SOT members and access new educational opportunities.

Supporting a Variety of Scientific DisciplinesTwenty-five of the Named Funds are geared towards various scientific disciplines and are managed by 16 different Specialty Sections.

Summer InternshipsProvides outstanding undergraduate students the opportunity to get hands-on experience in a toxicology research laboratory.

100% of your donated dollarsgo directly to support programs, research, and scientists. Zero percent of your dollars go to administrative costs (they are paid for by the Society).

100%

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What Your Society Fund Dollars Support

Above: 2017 SOT Undergraduate Diversity Program

Left: 2017 SOT/IUTOX Travel Award Awardees

“We are investing in the future of toxicology by giving…It allows us to grow promising researchers in their explorations and support a vibrant community by exploring new ideas with a broader community.”

—Endowment Contributor

Education FundThe Education Fund enhances focused targets of opportunity for SOT’s educational initiatives and has recently supported student travel and supplemental funding for the SOT Summer Intern Program.

Global Activities FundThe Global Activities Fund provides global leadership for advancing the science of toxicology and has recently funded travel fellowships for individuals from developing countries.

Strategic Priorities FundThe Strategic Priorities Fund helps implement key aspects of the SOT Strategic Plan, such as increased partnerships and collaborations with other scientific societies.

Make a Gift

Expand Your ContributionIn 2016–2017, SOT provided $120,380 in matching funds to the Endowment, matching both individual gifts to all funds and all employer matching funds. Each

year, Council sets aside a budget for matching funds and all donations are matched as funds are available.

Making a gift to the SOT Endowment is easy and rewarding. Make your gift online at www.toxicology.org/endowment.

Corporation/Institutional Recognition

Diamond $10,000

(or more contribution)

Platinum $5,000–$9,999

Gold $2,500–$4,999

Silver $1,000–$2,499

Individual Recognition

Individuals are designated as a Paracelsus Circle giver at the point that they make an initial contribution of $500 or more and indicate their intention to make additional contributions to reach $5,000 or more within 10 years. Individuals are designated as a Lifetime Paracelsus Circle giver once their cumulative Endowment gifts reach one of the above Lifetime Paracelsus levels.

Lifetime Paracelsus Circle

Visionary $50,000 (or more)

Futurist $25,000–$49,999

Leader $10,000–$24,999

Benefactor $5,000–$9,999

Member $5,000 Commitment

Annual Recognition

Paracelsus Circle $500 (or more)

Gold $250–$449

Silver $100–$249

Bronze $40–$99

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Make a GiftBenefits

Recognition Level Benefits

Lifetime Paracelsus Circle Visionary

All the benefits of a Lifetime Paracelsus Circle Futurist, plus:• special article in newsletter and a biography on the website;• have the Undergraduate Educator Award named for you for one year, and• assistance with registering for the Annual Meeting.

Lifetime Paracelsus Circle Futurist All the benefits of a Lifetime Paracelsus Circle Leader, plus:• participation in an Endowment Fund Board luncheon during the Annual Meeting.

Lifetime Paracelsus Circle LeaderAll the benefits of a Lifetime Paracelsus Circle Benefactor, plus:• recognition in the Membership Directory.

Lifetime Paracelsus Circle Benefactor All the benefits of a Lifetime Paracelsus Circle Member, plus:• guaranteed room in headquarters hotel (at the prevailing SOT rate).

Lifetime Paracelsus Circle Member Recognition on the SOT website and Invitation to President’s Reception.

All the above recognition levels are based on cumulative contributions.

Planned GivingIdentify the SOT Endowment in your will and become an SOT Heritage Fellow. The Heritage Fellow program provides a way to ensure that the SOT’s education program, international

outreach activities, strategic initiatives, and awards are funded continuously and can support those in the profession today and the generations of toxicologists to come.

“My greatest takeaway was the conversations sparked during the poster sessions and the effect it had on the direction of my project. Receiving the award will keep me abreast of advancements in the field and directly influence my work and thinking now and in the near future.”

—Anthony Franchini, PhD, University of Rochester HESI Young Investigator Endowment Award Awardee

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Honor Roll of ContributorsEndowment Fund Honor Roll of ContributorsThe SOT Endowment Fund Board, on behalf of the entire membership of the Society of Toxicology, gratefully acknowledges the generosity of these many donors who made contributions to the SOT Endowment Fund from July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017.

Lifetime Paracelsus Contributors

LIFETIME PARACELSUS CIRCLE VISIONARIES

$50,000 or More in Cumulative Gifts

Jerry B. Hook Jacqueline H. Smith

LIFETIME PARACELSUS CIRCLE FUTURISTS

$25,000–$49,999 in Cumulative Gifts

Daniel and Patricia Acosta

Bruce A. Fowler

Barbara Gehring and Family

Roger O. and Kathleen M. McClellan

Dharm V. Singh

Elizabeth K. Weisburger

LIFETIME PARACELSUS CIRCLE LEADERS

$10,000–$24,999 in Cumulative Gifts

Hugh A. Barton

Mary and Joseph F. Borzelleca

Young Soo Choi

Laxman Desai

John and Vera Doull

Marion F. Ehrich

William C. Hays

Rudolph E. and Susan Jaeger

Shawn Douglas Lamb

Joe and Teri LeBeau

Lois D. Lehman-McKeeman

Frank C. Lu and Family

Harihara M. and Rekha Mehendale

Mark R. Montgomery

John B. Morris

Mitzi and Prakash Nagarkatti

Dennis James Paustenbach

James A. and Gloria Jean Popp

K. S. Rao

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Honor Roll of ContributorsLifetime Paracelsus Contributors (cont.)

LIFETIME PARACELSUS CIRCLE BENEFACTORS

$5,000–$9,999 in Cumulative Gifts

Linda S. and David Birnbaum

Matthew S. and

Renee Bogdanffy

Brad Bolon

Balbir S. Brar

Dennis J. and Leigh Ann

Burns Naas

Steven D. and Elaine S. Cohen

Jon C. and Judith R. Cook

David L. Eaton

Paul W. and Grace Ferguson

The Family of Donald E. Gardner

Peter L. Goering

Jeff Handler

Eileen P. Hayes

Charles H. Hobbs

David and Patricia Kepler

Curtis and Cherry Klaassen

James E. and Lisa Klaunig

Elaine Valerie Knight

Frank and Sally Kotsonis

Kannan Krishnan

Gary L. Lage

Robert E. Larson

José E. Manautou

Gary and Patti Miller

Nancy A. Monteiro-Riviere

Richard Nass

Gilbert S. Omenn

Robert E. and Ursula Osterberg

Martin and Catherine Philbert

Clarissa L. Russell

Ivan Rusyn

Robert A. Scala

Rick G. Schnellmann

I. Glenn Sipes

William and Cristine Slikker

Robert J. Staab

Thomas R. Sutter

Robert G. Tardiff

Cheryl Lyn Walker

Kendall B. and Gail A. Wallace

John E. Whalan

Ronald K. Wolff

James S. Woods

PARACELSUS CIRCLE LIFETIME MEMBERS

An initial contribution of $500 or more and a commitment to make cumulative contributions of $5,000 or more within a 10-year period.

Kim Boekelheide and

Janet Austin

Norman J. and

Valerie G. Barlow

Janice E. Chambers

George B. and

Anna Karen Corcoran

Joan M. Cranmer

Julia Yue Cui

Vivekkumar Dadhania and

Priyanka Trivedi

Jack H. and Suellen Dean

Angelo and Christine Furgiuele

Michael A. Gallo

Robert Roth and

Patricia Ganey

Donald E. and Elly Gardner

Bernard D. Goldstein and

Russellyn Carruth

Jay I. Goodman

Jack R. Harkema

Renee Hartsook

Bob and Diane Higginbotham

Ronald N. Hines and

D. Gail McCarver

Michael and Mona Holsapple

Ijaz S. Jamall

Norbert and Beth Kaminski

Anumantha G. Kanthasamy

Robert H. Ku

Pamela J. Lein

Shaun D. McCullough

Jeffrey S. Moffit

Jay Murray

Adrian Nanez

Kenneth S. Ramos

Donald J. Reed

Charles F. Reinhardt

Jason R. Richardson

Denise Robinson Gravatt

Monica Valentovic

Helmut Zarbl

MissionThe SOT Endowment Fund aids toxicology and toxicologists through a series of funds that support SOT programs and members. SOT bears the administrative expenses of the Endowment Fund, assuring that every dollar contributed goes directly to support programs.

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Honor Roll of ContributorsEndowment Fund Contributors (2016–2017)

PARACELSUS CIRCLE CONTRIBUTORS

$500 or more in 2016–2017

Barbara D. Beck

The Editors of Neurotoxicology

and Teratology

Kristina D. Chadwick

Betty J. Eidemiller

A. Jay Gandolfi

Meryl H. Karol

Sharon A. Meyer

Bruce D. Naumann

Ofelia A. Olivero

GOLD ENDOWMENT CONTRIBUTORS

$250–$499 in 2016–2017

Aaron Barchowsky

Michelle L. Block

Betina J. Lew

Tonia Masson

Richard W. Pfeifer

Jeff Tepper

David J. Thomas

James G. Wagner

SILVER ENDOWMENT CONTRIBUTORS

$100–$249 in 2016–2017

Rosonald and Michelle Bell

Heidi Gehring Bolles

Gregory L. Finch

Jeff Fisher

William Andrew Irwin

Edward D. Levin

Merle G. Paule

Kristen R. Ryan

Mari S. Stavanja

Weiyi Su

Jessica Sutherland

Frank Welsch

BRONZE ENDOWMENT CONTRIBUTORS

$40–$99 in 2016–2017

Richard H. Adamson Jason Cannon

Employer Matching Contributions

Pfizer Foundation on behalf of Michael Aleo

Pfizer Foundation on behalf of Hugh A. Barton

Pfizer Foundation on behalf of Jon C. and Judith R. Cook

Pfizer Foundation on behalf of Gregory Finch

Institutional Contributors

GOLD CONTRIBUTORS

$2,500–4,999 in 2016–2017

SILVER CONTRIBUTORS

$1,000–$2,499 in 2016–2017

Charles River Thermo Fisher Scientific

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Named Funds

Daniel and Patricia Acosta Diversity Student Fund Council $66,895 $20,600 ($2,676) $8,075 $92,894

Mary Amdur Student Award Fund Inhalation and Respiratory SS $78,979 $5,050 ($1,000) $9,251 $92,280

Andersen/Clewell Trainee Award Fund Risk Assessment SS and Biological Modeling SS — $50,400 — $2,029 $52,429

Boehringer Ingelheim Biotherapeutic Safety Excellence Fund Biotechnology SS $50,000 $500 — $6,112 $56,612

Edward W. Carney Trainee Award Fund Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology SS $81,728 $2,300 ($3,000) $9,205 $90,233

Celebrating Women in Toxicology Award Fund Women in Toxicology SIG $96,373 $2,800 ($3,000) $10,884 $107,057

Young Soo Choi Student Scholarship Award Fund Korean Toxicologists Association in America SIG $44,014 $1,000 ($1,000) $4,913 $48,927

Laxman S. Desai Association of Scientists of Indian Origin Student Award Fund Association of Scientists of Indian Origin SIG $33,444 — ($1,000) $3,740 $36,184

Diversity Initiatives Fund Committee on Diversity Initiatives $147,121 $4,700 ($3,920) $16,816 $164,717

John Doull Student Award Fund Risk Assessment SS $41,160 $1,000 ($1,000) $4,675 $45,835

*Environmental Carcinogenesis Research Fellowship Fund Carcinogenesis SS $6,340 $400 — $726 $7,466

Founders Fund Awards Committee $119,536 — ($2,000) $13,413 $130,949

Bruce A. Fowler Metals Award Metals SS — $52,000 — $3,774 $55,774

*Angelo Furgiuele Young Investigator Technology Award Fund Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology SS $12,231 — — $1,378 $13,609

Donald E. Gardner Inhalation Toxicology Education Award Fund Inhalation and Respiratory SS $52,117 $1,450 ($2,000) $5,831 $57,398

Perry J. Gehring Biological Modeling Student Award Fund Biological Modeling SS $43,222 $1,000 ($500) $4,908 $48,630

Perry J. Gehring Diversity Student Travel Award Fund Committee on Diversity Initiatives $40,561 $200 ($1,052) $4,506 $44,215

Perry J. Gehring Risk Assessment Student Award Fund Risk Assessment SS $44,805 $700 ($1,792) $5,010 $48,723

Harry W. Hays Memorial Fund Council $54,571 $2,000 ($2,183) $6,146 $60,534

Health and Environmental Science Institute Immunotoxicology Young Investigator Student Award

Immunotoxicology SS $53,056 $1,000 ($1,611) $6,008 $58,453

Vera W. Hudson and Elizabeth Weisburger Scholarship Fund Women in Toxicology SIG $78,468 $2,000 ($3,000) $8,763 $86,231

Frank C. Lu Food Safety Student Award Fund Food Safety SS $40,983 — ($600) $4,573 $44,956

Jean Lu Student Scholarship Award Fund American Association of Chinese in Toxicology SIG $35,007 — ($1,000) $3,869 $37,876

Roger O. McClellan Student Award Fund Comparative and Veterinary SS and Toxicologic and Exploratory Pathology SS $111,678 $3,300 ($4,000) $12,522 $123,500

Harihara Mehendale Association of Scientists of Indian Origin Student Award Fund Association of Scientists of Indian Origin SIG $39,546 $80 ($1,000) $4,430 $43,056

Metals Specialty Section Student Research Award Fund Metals SS $40,953 $1,500 ($900) $4,728 $46,281

Molecular and Systems Biology Student Award Fund Molecular and Systems Biology SS $40,480 $3,750 ($1,250) $4,661 $47,641

Sheldon D. Murphy Memorial Fund Council $87,812 $1,400 ($3,000) $9,784 $95,996

*Mitzi and Prakash Nagarkatti Research Excellence in Immunotoxicology Award Fund

Immunotoxicology SS — $33,100 — $2,604 $35,704

Toshio Narahashi Neurotoxicology Fellowship Award Fund Neurotoxicology SS $69,050 $16,500 ($2,400) $8,781 $91,931

Pacific Northwest Toxicology Development Fund Pacific Northwest RC $38,205 — — $4,305 $42,510

Emil Alvin Pfitzer Drug Discovery Student Award Fund Drug Discovery Toxicology SS $88,895 $2,000 ($3,100) $10,032 $97,827

Gabriel L. Plaa Education Award Fund Mechanisms SS $90,703 $500 ($3,250) $10,166 $98,119

*Regulatory and Safety Evaluation Student Award Fund Regulatory and Safety Evaluation SS $14,116 — ($6,000) $1,591 $9,707

Renal Toxicology Fellowship Award Fund Mechanisms SS $67,467 $2,300 ($1,750) $7,597 $75,614

Robert J. Rubin Student Travel Award Fund Mechanisms SS and Risk Assessment SS $41,438 $1,000 ($1,500) $4,632 $45,570

Dharm V. Singh Carcinogenesis Award Fund Carcinogenesis SS $37,657 $500 ($500) $4,249 $41,906

Dharm V. Singh Association of Scientists of Indian Origin Student Award Fund Association of Scientists of Indian Origin SIG $31,862 $80 ($1,000) $3,565 $34,507

Carl C. Smith Mechanisms Student Award Fund Mechanisms SS $102,727 $4,100 ($4,109) $11,544 $114,262

Ronald G. Thurman Student Travel Award Fund Mechanisms SS $47,489 $200 ($1,500) $5,324 $51,513

*Toxicologists of African Origin Endowment Fund Toxicologists of African Origin SIG $4,390 — ($1,050) $465 $3,805

Toxikon, a Preclinical Toxicology Organization, and Dr. Dharm Singh Association of Scientists of Indian Origin Award Fund

Association of Scientists of Indian Origin SIG $50,745 — ($1,500) $5,689 $54,934

*Temporally Restricted Funds RC—Regional Chapter SS—Specialty Section SIG—Special Interest Group $2,966,263 $243,010 ($92,284) $345,851 $3,462,840

SOT Endowment Fund Financial Summary for 2016–2017

Name of Endowment Fund Administrator Net Assets Beginning of

Year (Audited) Total Income

(Contributions + Matching) Total Disbursed Gain or (Loss) + Interest Net Assets End of Year

(Unaudited)

Society Funds

Educational Activities Council $136,337 $9,000 ($5,453) $15,891 $155,775

Global Activities Council $143,266 $3,900 ($5,731) $16,108 $157,543

SOT Strategic Priorities Council $362,422 $5,600 ($7,020) $41,402 $402,404

SOT Priorities: QUASI Council $61,118 $5,000 ($2,445) $7,013 $70,686

Student Travel Council $37,296 $100 ($1,492) $4,163 $40,067

Society of Toxicology11190 Sunrise Valley Drive, Suite 300, Reston, VA 20191

Tel: 703.438.3115 • Fax: 703.438.3113

Email: sothq@toxicology.org

www.toxicology.org

The SOT seal was created by Louise Shaffer, wife of C. Boyd Shaffer, a founder of the Society.

Theme: “Safety and Protection from Poison Through

Increasing Knowledge”

SALUS—Latin for “safety”

The Ribband—A token of pre-eminence or superiority

The Arrow—Toxicum (Latin for “poison arrow”)

The Shield—Protection

The Wreath—Symbol of success

Radiating Lines—Force manifesting itself:

Victory over ignorance