ENERGY 1:RESOURCES

Ppt. by Robin D. Seamon

Types of

Energy

Energy: the ability to do work (joules)(amt. of E to lift an apple 1m)

• Energy comes in many forms.

FORMS of ENERGY:

•Thermal energy: energy from the rapid movement of molecules, causing heat- high temp to low temp-moves faster at high temp

•Mechanical energy: Energy of motion & position-stays the same unless transfers to another object

•Gravitational potential energy: potential energy an object has if it falls

•Elastic Potential energy: potential energy of an object as it is forced to change shape, but has the ability to return to its normal shape.

•Light energy: energy from light; vibrations of electrically charged particles (NOTE: do not need air to transmit… can transmit through a vacuum as photons)

•Sound energy: energy from sound waves; objects vibrate, transmitting some of the kinetic E to air around it, air particles vibrate & transmit E to your ear… YOU HEAR!

•Electrical energy: energy from moving electrons in atoms (negative charge around atoms)

CURRENT

Most of energy in US goes to electricityGenerator: converts mechanical energy into electrical energy

• Turn a magnet surrounded by a copper wire• Creates an electromagnetic field which aligns

the electrons into a current of electrons moving in one direction: electricity

E L E C T R I C I T Y

HOW TO MOVE THE MAGNET- turbine?• Steam moves in one direction and can spin the

turbine• So, boiling water is a widely used method

HOW TO BOIL THE WATER?• Biomass: Burn wood• Burn fossil fuels• Nuclear reactions

•Nuclear energy: energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom

•Fission break apart (power plants)

•Fusion put together (sun)100,000,000°C: H joins to form He

ELECTRICITY

Activities LINK QUIZ VIDEO

• Chemical energy: energy from the interaction of molecules

o Food chain- the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy by an autotroph and then the transfer of that energy between organisms that eat it.

o Photosynthesis: sugar forms by rearranging molecules to form: C6 H12 O6

o cellular respiration turns sugar into ATP Energy the cell needs

o burning wood releases E as heat

o Explosion: rapid release of E

C H O + 6O 6CO 6H O 38 ATP6 12 6 2 2 2

6H2O 6O26CO2+ + C6 H12 O62

E N E R G Y E F F I C I E NC Y Energy is neither created or destroyed. It changes forms.

Closed system: group of objects that only transfer E to each other. (not everything is a closed system)

*In Conversion of E, some ALWAYS gets converted to thermal E (not lost!)

Energy efficiency: comparison of the amount of E before conversion, with the amount after conversion

ENERGY CONVERSION LABMake a list of 10 gadgets. Denote the source of E and into

what kind of E it converts

GADGET SOURCE DESTINATION

Alarm clock Electrical E Light & sound E

Battery Chemical E Electrical E

Light bulb Electrical E Light & thermal E

Blender Electrical E Kinetic & sound E

Soccer ball moves (mechanical Energy) > Kicking a soccer ball (mechanical Energy) > muscles move forward (mechanical Energy) > Energy goes to my muscles from food I eat > (chemical Energy) > the bacon I ate has Energy from the plants the pig ate (chemical Energy) > the plant has Energy from the sun (photosynthesis/light Energy) > the sun gives off light Energy from nuclear fusion > nuclear fusion comes from the combining of hydrogen atoms to make helium…

ENERGY CONVERSION LAB 2

Choose one daily activity that you do. Trace the Energy back as far as you can go.

Energy

Resources

Nonrenewable resource- an energy source that cannot be readily replaced naturally in comparison to its consumption

Renewable resource- an energy source that can be reused or readily replaced naturally

•Fossil Fuels: resource from ancient,

buried Carbon-

burning coal, oil &

natural gas

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE

We burn it to boil

water in electricity

production:

-Steam

-turbine

-generator

-electricity

PROS ++ Natural gas used in

stoves, furnaces, water heaters, clothes dryers, appliances, electrical power plants

+ produces lots of E+ already have a

system of using it worldwide

CONS -⁻ nonrenewable⁻ Pollution to air⁻ Coal damages land

& pollutes water⁻ Supplies limited⁻ Drilling for oil

damages & pollutes

⁻ Adds carbon dioxide to global warming equation

RESOURCE: FOSSIL FUELS

•Nuclear Fuels: splits radioactive atoms of Uranium & Plutonium to produce heat --> steam --> energy

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE

PROS ++ No air pollution+ Lots of Energy is

released

CONS -⁻ Non-renewable⁻ Produces radioactive

waste that must be safely stored for long time

⁻ Nuclear accident could release radioactive materials into environment (Chernobyl 3-mile Island)

RESOURCE: NUCLEAR ENERGY

•Solar Energy:

Used for HEAT or ENERGY

•solar cells hold water or silicon, sun/light heats it (= hot water/spaces or electric charge from heated silicon molecule)

RENEWABLE RESOURCE

At Night: solar batteries store E

PROS ++ Renewable- lots of it+ Free+ No air pollution+ No environmental

pollution

CONS -⁻ Can’t produce

electricity at night so must be stored in solar batteries

⁻ Expensive right now

RESOURCE: SOLAR ENERGY

•Hydropower

Dams built to control water flow of rivers

Water rushes down through tubes inside dam. Moving water drives electrical generators built inside the dam

RENEWABLE RESOURCE

PROS ++ Renewable- lots of it+ Free+ No air pollution+ No environmental

pollution

CONS -⁻ Can’t be used

everywhere; need large river

⁻ Making a dam requires building of reservoir (man-made lake)

RESOURCE: HYDROPOWER

•Wind Energy: using the wind to turn turbines for energy

RENEWABLE RESOURCE

PROS ++ Renewable- lots of it+ Free+ No air pollution+ No environmental

pollution

CONS -⁻ Need a reliably windy

place⁻ Turbines are noisy⁻ Birds and bats have

been killed

RESOURCE: WIND ENERGY

•Geothermal Energy: using heat from inside the earth to warm water --> steam --> energy (radioactive decay of uranium= heat)

RENEWABLE RESOURCE

Iceland

PROS ++ Renewable- lots of it+ Free+ No air pollution+ Natural hot

springs/geysers

CONS -⁻ Need to be located

over volcanically active ground

RESOURCE: GEOTHEMAL ENERGY

•Biomassorganic matter isburned to releaseEnergy

Burning wood; captured methane; municipal waste;agricultural residue; ethanol- made from fermenting crops like corn; added to gasoline

VIDEO

RENEWABLE RESOURCE

PROS ++ Gets rid of a waste+ Reduces amount of

gasoline being used

CONS -⁻ Releases carbon

dioxide⁻ Could affect food

availability since it’s made from crops

⁻ Clearing trees to grow corn: rainforest

RESOURCE: BIOMASS

LAB ENERGY PRO’s & CON’s

List the advantages & disadvantages of the

following sources of Energy.

ENERGY TYPE ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

Fossil fuels

nuclear

solar

water

Wind

Geothermal

Biomass

• Electricity HSW

• Solar Energy HSW

• Wind Energy HSW

• Nuclear Fusion HSW

• Hydroelectric Power HSW

• Oil drilling HSW

• Geothermal Energy HSW

• Energy Pyramid HSW