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Muhammad Fahad Saleem1-FMS/BSAF/F15

Energy crises in Pakistan

Introduction about the Energy crises:

Energy crises is the result of increasing populations, lake of resources, high demand of power and no planning in past. The major cause of short fall of energy is theft of energy in Pakistan. On the other hand raising the fuel prices is the big cause of generating electricity.

The Challenge’s:Load shedding lasting for hours are the sign of the energy crisis in Pakistan. The reason is simple: the demand for electricity in Pakistan exceeds supply by 5,000 MW.

Affordability:First is the affordability challenge. Pakistan generates very expensive electricity. The cost per unit kilowatt-hour (kWh) of generated electricity in Pakistan is around 14 Rupees. Consumers, on average, pay 11.50 Rupees per kWh. The systematic subsidy, which is almost 15 per cent of the cost, adds up to billions in losses.

Collection:Collection is another challenge, where the distribution companies fail to collect outstanding dues from consumers. The recovery rate ranges between 80 % to 90 %. We assume that Pakistan generates 100 units of electricity. The system loses 22 units to theft. Thus, only 78 units

reach consumers. The distribution companies collect approximately 85 % of the amounts billed to consumers. The system, therefore, recovers revenue for only 66 units of the 100 generated.

Pakistan’s Energy Sector:Pakistan’s energy infrastructure is not well developed, rather it is considered to be underdeveloped and poorly managed. Currently the country is facing several energy crises. The demand exceeds supply and hence load-shedding is a common phenomenon through power shutdown.

Energy Supply:Pakistan needs around 15,000 to 20,000 MWelectricity per day, however, currently it is ableto produce about 11,500 MW per day hence there is a shortfall of about 4,000 to 9,000 MW per day. This shortage is badly affecting theeconomic growth of the country.

Energy Consumption:Pakistan’s energy consumption is met by mix of gas, oil, electricity, and coal and LPG sourceswith different level of shares. Gas consumption stood at 43.7 %, oil 29.0 %, electricity 15.3 %,coal 10.4 % and LPG 1.5 %.

Sources of Energy in Pakistan:

Petroleum products:

In 2009-10, consumption of petroleum productswas 29 % of total share of energy. Petroleum is also used in generation of electricity, which counts 64 % of total electricity generation(34 % coming from hydro generation).

Natural Gas:Importance of natural gas is increasing rapidly. Average production of natural gas is aprox 4million cubic feet per day as against 3 millionduring last year, showing an increase of 1.56%.

Hydro power:Hydro power is generated by using electricity generators to extract energy from movingwater. Pakistan is having rich resources of energy in hydro power; however, only 34 % of total electricity generation is coming from hydro power. Currently we are having 6,555 MW.

Wind power:Wind power uses the power of the windto rotate the blades of wind turbines. These turbines cause the rotation of magnets, whichcreates electricity. Though Pakistan has potentials of wind energy ranging from 10,000 MW to 50,000 MW.

Solar power:Solar power involves using solar cells to convert sunlight into electricity. Pakistan has potential of more than 100,000 MW from solar energy.

Nuclear power:Nuclear power stations use nuclear Reaction togenerate energy by the reaction of Uranium with a nuclear reactor. Pakistan has a smallnuclear power program, with 425 MW only, but there are plans to increase this capacity. 

Causes of Energy Crises:

Growing Energy Demand:Growing energy demand is the big cause of energy shortfall, over the years, there is greater need of energy because of; Increase in population. Industrial and agricultural growth.

Lack of planning for production of energy:

In Pakistan, due to lack of planning, very less number of power producing plant were installed to meet the demands. Over the years, the gap between energy demand and supply increases.

Solution of Energy Crises:

Possible solution for all these problems that causes of energy crises in Pakistan. Pakistan’s government takes quick serious action and builds dams for future. They have been used renewable recourses of energy like hydro, nuclear, solar energy, geothermal, biogases and wind energy. The people of Pakistan should play their role in saving the energy and reducing the consumption of energy. Government of Pakistan should adopted modern technology and increase the level of production related to energy.

Thank you…