Date post: | 06-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | saravanajsr |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 30
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
1/30
Energy Efficiency in Green BuildingDesign
Phil Voss, Senior Project Leader, NREL
August 6, 2008
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
2/30
An enormous opportunity to reduce energy bills for the long term and to make
schools a healthier place to learn by considering energy when building
Schools utilize significant resources addressing energyuse and facility maintenance
K-12 spend $8 billion annually on energy,electricity (63%) and natural gas (29%), oil(7%), district heat (3%) costs rising Secondlargest cost after personnel
1,000 new schools built annually
Average school is 42 years old renovationsare becoming necessary and commonplace
Estimated $60 billion over next 3 years fornew construction, and retrofits
In 2002, 47% of nations school districtsrenovated or retrofitted facilities
In 2005, $21.6 billion spent on schoolconstruction $12.8 billion new, $5 billionadditions, and $3.9 billion renovations
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
3/30
How can we build schools smarter? What characteristicsdo schools that are models of smart energy use have?
Serve as safe havens
Viewed as round-the-clock community centers
Incorporate high-performance building design
Include energy-efficient technologies and strategies
Building would provide hands-on learning for energyeducation/curriculum
Include alternative fuel transportation Generate energy on-site using renewable energy
systems
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
4/30
U.S. DOE Energy Smart Schools Program
Vision for the Future ofSchools
Increase energy efficiency in new school construction andmajor reconstruction by 50%
Create more comfortable, productive, and healthier spaces forlearning and working
Provide opportunities for dynamic, interactive lessons onenergy efficiency and renewable energy
Supply off-grid power and back-up power
Replace diesel- and gasoline-fueled buses with cleaneralternatives
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
5/30
Energy Efficiency Strategies
New Construction
Major Renovations and Retrofits
Energy Management Programs
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
6/30
Designing Energy Efficient Schools
Advanced Energy Design Guide
Provides guidelines for designing andbuilding energy efficient schools Schools would have minimum 30%
energy savings over current code Accounts for different climates (and
gives climate-specificrecommendations)
No unproven technologies focuseson cost-effective solutions and off-the-
shelf technologies Minimal first cost increase if guide
is used throughout design process Developed in partnership with
ASHRAE, AIA, IESNA, USGBC
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
7/30
Advanced Energy Design Guide breaks down eachaspect of the design process to help designers identifyhow to maximize energy savings
Louisiana Climate Zones Recommendations Provides criteria for insulating values for: walls, roofs,
doors, windows, ducts
Outlines minimumH
VAC efficiencies Specifies Lighting Power Densities (i.e. max. 0.9 W/sq.ft.)
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
8/30
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
9/30
Consider Design/Planning Charrette
Cooperative environment fordecision makers
Intense effort to identify andaddress issues in a short time
Listen and understand needsand limitations
Envision realistic and creativesolutions
Record ideas as they areintroduced
Effectively express ideas in aplan to serve as a vehicle tomove the process forward
Owner well-defined goals (OPR)
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
10/30
Hot/Humid Climate Energy EfficiencyStrategies
Optimize daylighting to full possible extent Building orientation, photocell controls with dimmable ballasts
Reduces lighting and cooling loads
Daylight glass and view glass are not the same
Efficient lighting design Lighting Power Density < 1 W/ft2
Pendant direct/indirect
Occupancy sensors, auto night shut-off
Dedicated outdoor air treatment Energy Recovery Ventilator or Demand-Controlled Ventilation
Centralize exhaust zones for energy recovery
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
11/30
Hot/Humid Climate Energy EfficiencyStrategies
Efficient, tight envelope Appropriate, well -installed insulation
Low-e, low-SHGC windows (esp. east/west facing)
Shading for south facing windows
Light colored roof
High efficiency HVAC with optimized control system Balance with maintenance concerns
Size properly, incorporate strategies for variable loads
Energy star appliances and office equipment
Use energy modeling iteratively to identify and reduceloads, and optimize efficiency of design
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
12/30
Successful model energy schools exist today
Homewood Middle School,Homewood, AL LEED-Certified
Low cost - $121/sq-ft
Optimized Energy Performance
High-Performance Windows Daylighting/Energy Efficient
Lighting
EfficientHeating and AirConditioning
Indoor Environmental Quality Air quality Monitored
Temp/Humidity/Ventilation
Daylight & Views
36% Energy Savings over ASHRAE90.1-1999
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
13/30
Energy efficient schools give noticeable results
Caywood ElementaryS
chool in Edgewood,KY
Features an extensive daylighting strategy that resulted in:
Annual Energy Savings of $50,000
An Energy Budget that is 50% lower than other schools in thedistrict
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
14/30
Major Renovations and Retrofits
Major Renovations Present Opportunities Utilize AEDG as much as possible
Integrated design approach, Commissioning, Energy modeling
Consider extent of renovation, and how layout/designchanges may impact energy use
Explore options beyond like-for-like HVAC efficiency, sizing and system design
Lighting redesign
Daylight harvesting
Room layout, etc.
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
15/30
Major Renovations and Retrofits
Retrofit Strategies
An energy auditor can identify Energy ConservationMeasures
Measures can be implemented individually, but may be
best as a single project
Can be prioritized based on simple payback or lowestcost, but consider other benefits as well
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
16/30
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
17/30
Major Renovations and Retrofits
HVAC equipment Replace old equipment with high efficiency equipment
Premium efficiency motors
Variable speed drives for motors and pumps
Window replacement Low-e, low SHGC, insulating glass
Reflective films are a less expensive option if installed correctly
Plug loads Energy Star office equipment and appliances
Install Vending Misers on vending machines
Replace CRTs with LCD monitors
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
18/30
Energy Audit Example
International School of Louisiana, New Orleans Energy audit performed fall 2007
Opportunities Estimated Impact Implementation
ECMDescription of
Recommendations
Energy
Savings(MMBtu)
Cost
Savings ($)
Cost to
Complete($)
Simple
Payback(years)
Target
CompletionDate
1 Revise Setpoints 304 $11,337 $0 0.0 4Q 2007
2 Replace T8 lamps 112 $4,164 $5,643 1.4 1Q 2008
3 Occupancy sensors 158 $5,876 $8,500 1.4 1Q 2008
4Photocell controlled
ballasts 71 $2,655 $10,175 3.8 1Q 2008
5 Replace hallway fixtures 105 $3,293 $13,200 3.4 1Q 2008
6 Permanent windowtreatments 56 $2,070 $25,000 12.1 2Q 2008
7 Weathersealing 41 $1,227 $5,089 4.1 1Q 2008
8 Solar hot water 11 $388 $5,600 10.1 2Q 2008
10 Chiller replacement 414 $14,190 $168,000 11.83Q 2008
TOTALS 1,017 $36,160 $241,207 6.7
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
19/30
Energy Management Programs
Proactive O&M programs ensure buildings remain high-performing
Can substantially reduce annual energy cost Gross generalization: 5% - 20%
Extends equipment life and minimizes unexpectedfailures
Policy should be set at district or state level
Implement strategies to support policy
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
20/30
Energy Management Program Options
Low/No Cost Quick, simple fixes - minimal cost, low to moderate impact
Education and Awareness Low cost, moderate impact with persistent efforts
Energy Tracking and Accounting High cost (staff time required), high impact
Regular Preventive Maintenance Low to moderate cost, moderate to high impact
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
21/30
Example - St. Tammany Parish Schools
Set a Goal of10% Energy Savings
Focus on Low/no-cost measures 2-person energy team (teacher and maintenance person)
Educate to change behavior- turn off lights when you walk out of
the room Verify HVAC/lighting control settings
Energy Star Portfolio Manager- Monthly reports to schools (vs.baseline) - managed by Admin. Asst.
Community is very Supportive
Use bond issue to install central HVAC/Lighting Controls
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
22/30
Example - St. Tammany Parish Schools(contd)
Contract with Schools for Energy Efficiency(SEE)
4-year program to develop low/no cost approach
Provides: posters, manuals, webinars, etc. 14% Energy Savings in 2007-08 School Year
>$1 Million energy savings
Offering incentives to schools with the greatest
savings Will involve students in 2008-09 school year
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
23/30
Implementation Strategies for EE and RE Financing Options
New School Construction
All Energy Efficiency upgrades can be cost neutral whenan integrated design approach is used
LEED Silver can be achieved cost-effectively
School Renovations and Retrofits
Energy Savings Performance Contracting
Revolving Energy Efficiency Fund
States and local districts have created a variety of fundingprograms
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
24/30
Implementation Strategies for EE and RE Financing Options for renovations/retrofits
Energy Savings Performance Contracting
Energy Service Company provides energy audit, design,installation, and financing; implementation and servicecosts are repaid over time from guaranteed energy savings
LA has ESPC authority through state legislation
LA DNR administered award winning ESPC program forschools; multiple parishes participated
Johnson Controls performed ESPC for OPSD mid-90s
basic lighting, some HVAC, some controls Oversight by LA Office of Contractual Review -
http://www.doa.state.la.us/ocr/ESPC.htm
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
25/30
Implementation Strategies for EE and RE Financing Options for renovations/retrofits
Creation of Energy Efficiency Revolving Fund
How this could work:
Detailed energy/indoor environment audit for local district Audit would support funding request; local district provides 25% of
capital funding, revolving fund provides remainder as a low- or no-interest loan
50% of the annual savings accrues to the district, the remaining
50% is reinvested in the fund to finance future EE upgrades Seed fund established with bond issue, state surplus, grant
funding, etc.
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
26/30
Additional Resources
U.S. Dept. of Energy - Energy Smart Schools
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energysmartschools
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Education http://www1.eere.energy.gov/education
Energy Star
www.energystar.gov (Buildings & Plants)
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
27/30
Additional Resources
Collaboration forHigh Performance Schools http://www.chps.net
National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities (NCEF) http://www.edfacilities.org
ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/1604
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
28/30
Final Thoughts
Energy conservation and efficiency is affordable now,and more affordable over time
Select A&E firms who demonstrate innovation andexperience with energy efficient design
Use an integrated design approach to optimize energyefficiency and LEED rating Choose trade-offs between LEED categories wisely
A comprehensive O&M and Energy Management Plan
ensures sustained savings and performance
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
29/30
Contact Information
Phil Voss National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
[email protected]; (504) 528-8428
Joe Ryan nola Energy Consulting (contractor to NREL)
[email protected]; (504) 528-8425
8/3/2019 Energy Efficiency in Green Building Design
30/30
QUESTIONS?