GREEN BULDING:ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN GREEN BUILDING

What is a Green Building? A Green Building, also known as a sustainable building, is a structure that is

designed, built, renovated, operated, or re-used in an ecological and resource efficient manner.

“A green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants as compared to a conventional building”.”

Objectives of a green building:

Protecting occupant health Improving employee productivity Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently Reducing overall impact to the environment Optimal environmental and economic performance Satisfying and quality indoor spaces

Benefits of Green Buildings

Environmental Benefits• Reduce the impacts of natural resource consumption

Economic Benefits• Reduced operating costs• Marketing advantages• Increased building valuation• Optimizes life-cycle performance cost

Health and Safety Benefits • Enhance occupant comfort and health

Community Benefits• Minimize strain on local infrastructure and improve quality of life

Whole designWhole design

HVAC design

Lighting design

Water system design

Architectural design/Site planning

Energy management and control design

Architectural design & Site planning

Bioclimatic architectural principles

• Orientation• Thermal mass• Surface to volume ratio• Positioning of windows,shading• Selection of materials for wall,roof,windows,including insulation• LandscapingBuildings in hot climate…• Orientation to cut off sun protected insulated windows external wall insulation• Lower surface to volume,lighter finishes,water as landscape elementBuildings in cold climate…• Large windows to capture sun• Thermal mass to store heat• Minimum Shading• Insulated walls and windows• Darker finishes

Effect of efficient materials • Roof and wall insulation reduced cooling load by 23%• Insulated windows reduced cooling load by 9% (window to wall ratio 7%)

Use onsite sources• Day lighting• Natural Ventilation(night cooling)

Lighting Design

The passive solar practice of placing windows, or other transparent media,and reflective surfaces so that, during the day, natural sunlight provides effective internal illumination.

• Use of effective solar control strategies (overhangs) and high performance glazings limit associated solar gains.

• Achieving this daylight credit will likely increase energy savings in the Energy and Atmosphere credits. This is largely due to savings in the electric lighting that results from well daylit spaces.

• Minimize site lighting where possible • Full cut off-luminaries • Low-reflectance surfaces • Low-angle spotlights

Water System design

Reduce potable water consumption for landscape by 50% over a theoretical baseline design for the specific region.Successful Strategies:• Drought tolerant plants • Drip irrigation,moisture-sensing irrigation technologies • Recycled rainwater system • Municipally-provided non-potable water source use

Water Use Reduction, 20% and 30% ReductionSuccessful Strategies:• Dual flush water closets • Ultra low-flow water closets and urinals • Waterless Urinals • Sensor-operated, Low-flow lavatories • Rainwater collection reuse systems • Gray water reuse systems

Landscaping & Water use reduction

Energy management system

• Photovoltaic (Solar electric) is a device which produce free electrons when exposed to light resulting in power generation.

• Photovoltaic does not release any of the green house gases when in use.

• Photovoltaic uses a non-conventional, renewable source of energy which has no adverse effects on the environment.

• solar photovoltaic system 55% energy savings over base building

Photovoltaic

• Replace asphalt with concrete where possible • Plant trees in vegetation strips around parking lots or sidewalks. • Bioswales • Filtration basins (filters) • Detention Ponds / Retention Ponds • Vegetated filter strips • Pervious paving • Vegetated/Garden Roofs • Energy Star rated roofing systems • High reflectivity coatings

Sustainability at Site

Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning

The main purpose of commercial HVAC (Heat, Ventilation & Air conditioning) systems is to provide the people working

inside the building with “conditioned “ air .

"Conditioned" air means that air is clean and odour-free, andthe temperature, humidity, and movement of the air are within certain comfort ranges• Systems may be clustered at a central location and serve an entire

campus of buildings• Locate system away from acoustically sensitive areas of the building• Selecting efficient air conditioning based on your climate.• Selecting the proper type of and efficient heating system for your climate• Designing and sealing air distribution systems properly.

• Replace CFC-based refrigerant. • Consider non-refrigerant based cooling such as evaporative cooling in dryer

climates. • Consider photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass, and bio-

gas energy technologies • Sophisticated Electrical Management Systems, Building Automation

Systems or Direct Digital Control systems inherently include most of the required monitoring points.

• Combine carbon dioxide monitors with demand based ventilation. • Consider adjustable under floor air diffusers, or thermostat controlled VAV

boxes.

Composite Commercial Building in 2020

• Solid state lighting integrated into hybrid solar day lighting systems

• Smart windows • Photovoltaic roof shingles,

walls, and awnings• Solar heating and super

insulation• Combined heat and power-

gas turbines and fuel cells• Intelligent building systems

THERE ARE THREE PRIMARY RATING SYSTEMS IN INDIA. A.GRIHA

• Green Rating for integrated habitat assessment (GRIHA) is India’s own rating system jointly developed by TERI and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India.Commonwealth Games village, New Delhi, Fortis Hospital, and New Delhi, CESE (Centre for Environment Sciences) & Engineering Building, IIT Kanpur, Suzlon one earth, Pune and many other buildings has received GRIHA rating.

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B. IGBC:IGBC rates green buildings in four different categories:•IGBC green homes•IGBC green factory building•LEED India for new construction•LEED India for core and shell.

• Bee (Bureau of Energy Efficiency) its own rating system for the buildings based on 1 to 5 stars scale. More stars mean more energy efficiency. Bee has developed the Energy Performance Index (EPI). The unit of kilo watt hours per square meter per year is considered for rating the building and especially targets air conditioned and non-air conditioned office building

• The Reserve bank of India’s buildings in Delhi and Bhubaneswar, the CII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business centre and many other buildings has received BEE 5 star ratings.

INDIA’S GREENEST BUILDING

• Hyderabad, the city of architecture& pearls, now boasts of one of the greenest buildings in the world. CII – Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre (CII Godrej GBC),cozily nestled close to Shilparamam, is the first LEED Platinum rated green building in India. The building is a perfect blend of India’s rich architectural splendor and technological innovations, incorporating traditional concepts into modern and contemporary architecture.

• Extensive energy simulation exercises were undertaken to orient the building in such a way that minimizes the heat ingress while allowing natural daylight to penetrate abundantly.

• The green building boasts a 50% saving in overall energy consumption, 35 % reduction in potable water consumption and usage of 80% of recycled / recyclable material. Most importantly, the building has enabled the widespread green building movement in India

 Energy EfficiencyState-of-the- art Building Management Systems (BMS) were installed forrealtime monitoring of energy consumption. The use of aerated concrete blocks for facades reduces the load on air-conditioning by 15-20%. Double-glazed units with argon gas filling between the glass panes enhance the thermal properties.Zero Water Discharge BuildingAll of the wastewater, including grey and black water, generated in the building is treated biologically through a process called the Root Zone Treatment System.The outlet-treated water meets the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) norms. The treated water is used for landscaping

The building design was conceived to have minimum disturbance to the surrounding ecological environment. The disturbance to the site was limited within40 feet from the building footprint during the construction phase. This has preserved the majority of the existing flora and fauna and natural microbiologicalorganism around the building. Extensive erosion and sedimentation control measures to prevent topsoil erosion have als been taken at the site during construction. Materials and Resources80% of the materials used in the building are sourced within 500 miles fromthe project site. Most of the construction material also uses post-consumer andindustrial waste as a raw material during the manufacturing process. Fly-ashbased bricks, glass, aluminum, and ceramic tiles, which contain consumerand industrial waste, are used in constructing the building to encourage the usage of recycled content.Office furniture is made of bagasse based composite wood.More than 50%of the construction waste is recycled within the building or sent toother sites and diverted from landfills.

20% of the building energy requirements are catered to by solar photovoltaics.The solar PV has an installed capacity of 23.5 kW. Indoor Air Quality

Indoor air quality is continuously monitored and a minimum fresh air is pumped into the conditioned spaces at all times Fresh air is also drawn into the building through wind towers. The use of low volatile organic compound (VOC) paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, and carpets also helps to improve indoor air quality.

• Fenestration maximized on the north orientation• Rain water harvesting• Water-less urinals in men’s restroom• Water-efficient fixtures: ultra low and low-flow flush fixtures• Water-cooled scroll chiller• HFC-based refrigerant in chillers• Energy-efficient lighting systems through compact fluorescent light bulbs(CFLs)• Roof garden covering 60% of building area• Large vegetative open spaces• Swales for storm water collection• Maximum day lighting• Operable windows and lighting controls for better day lighting and views

This was the first green building in the country. Hence, the incremental cost was 18% higher. However, green buildings coming up now are being delivered at an incremental cost of 6-8%. The initial incremental cost gets paid back in 3 to 4 years.Benefits achieved so far: Over 120,000 kWh of energy savings per year as compared to an ASHRAE 90.1 base

case Potable water savings to tune of 20-30% vis-à-vis conventional building Excellent indoor air quality 100% day lighting (Artificial lights are switched on just before dusk) Higher productivity of occupants

LocationHyderabad, IndiaNameCII Sohrabji Godrej Green Business CentreDeveloperThe project is a unique and successful model of public-private partnership between the Government of Andhra Pradesh, Pirojsha Godrej Foundation, and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), with the technical support of US aid.Architectural DesignKaran Grover and Associates, IndiaSize4.5 acres (total site area)1,858 m2 (total built up area)1,115 m2 (total air-conditioned area)

Size

4.5 acres (total site area)1,858 m2 (total built up area)1,115 m2 (total air-conditioned area)TypeOffice buildingBuilding detai lsOffice buildingSeminar hallGreen Technology Centre displaying the latest and emerging green building materialsand technologies in India Large numbers of visitors are escorted on green building tourRatingsAwarded the LEED Platinum Rating for New Construction (NC) v 2.0 by theU.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) in November 2003

Energy Savings55% reduction, with ASHRAE 90.1 as the baseline 120,000 kWh / yearReduction in CO 2 emissions~ 100 tons / year(building is functional since January 2004)Water savings35% reduction in potable water consumption