Energy Efficiency in Lighting.pptx

8/13/2019 Energy Efficiency in Lighting.pptx

1/40

Energy Efficiency in Lighting

1. APARNA.D (03)

2. SEVITHA .CH (07)

3. NEHA REDDY (18)4. FAROOQ (24)

5. RAMYA REDDY (32)


2/40

Lighting

Lightingor illuminationis the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or

aesthetic effect.

Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures,

as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight.

Day lighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the

main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of

using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption

in buildings.

Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, orhave positive psychological effects on occupants

Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part

of interior design.


3/40

Day lighting

Day lighting is the oldest method of interior lighting. Day

lighting is simply designing a space to use as much natural

light as possible. This decreases energy consumption and

costs, and requires less heating and cooling from the

building. Day lighting has also been proven to have

positive effects on patients in hospitals as well as work and

school performance. Due to a lack of information that

indicate the likely energy savings, day lighting schemes

are not yet popular among most buildings.


4/40

Lighting strategies


5/40

Day lighting strategies

Site Maximization

The most obvious site consideration is orientation. Elongating the buildingon an east-west axis and locating high priority spaces on the north and southexposures can enhance cost-effective day lighting. Account for shading fromadjacent buildings and trees and consider the reflectance of the materials in

front of glazing areas.

Roof Monitors and Light shelves

Roof monitors or side lighting with south-facing light shelves or high, north

transoms can reduce lighting and cooling loads.


6/40

Light shelf


7/40

South-Facing Roof Monitors

Roof monitors with vertical south glazing, interior baffles and properly sizedoverhangs can create uniform lighting having less contrast, provide daylight inspaces far from the perimeter of the building, provide passive heating benefits,and effectively diffuse and filter lighting. Unfortunately, roof monitor scan only

be used in single story designs or on the top floor of multistory designs.

With south-facing roof monitors:

Use light-colored roofing material to reflect sunlight into the glazing. When

placed in front and to the sides of the south-facing roof monitors, the glazingarea in the monitor scan be reduced by up to 30%.

North-Facing Roof Monitors:

North-facing monitors, although effective in providing natural light, typicallyrequire at least 25% more glazing than south-facing monitors to achieve the sameannual day lighting contribution. Because of the additional glazing needed and

the lack of passive heat benefits in winter, they are not as cost-effective as south-facing monitors.


8/40

Roof monitor


9/40

Heliostat

A heliostat is a device that includes a mirror,usually a plane mirror, which turns so as tokeep reflecting sunlight toward a

predetermined target, compensating for thesun's apparent motions in the sky. The targetmay be a physical object, distant from the

heliostat, or a direction in space. To do this,the reflective surface of the mirror iskeptperpendicularto thebisectorofthe anglebetween the directions of the sunand the target as seen from the mirror. Inalmost every case, the target is stationary

relative to the heliostat, so the light isreflected in a fixed direction.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpendicularhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpendicular


10/40

Heliostat


11/40

Light pipe

The Light pipe solar lighting system delivers clean light energy into buildingspaces giving a feel of well-being and saving electrical energy for lighting

during Daytime. It delivers sunlight without any color shift.

ADVANTAGES Light capture is high at low angles, Extended day lighting hours, No heat build up, Uniform light dispersion, Daylight can reach false ceiling covered areas, Blocks u.v radiation. High impact strength. No change of light color. Durable and long life. Maintenance free


12/40

Performance

Diameter of light pipe Light pipe lengthrecommended Approx. area that canlitup250 mm 6 m 150-175 sft400 mm 9 m 300-350 sft530 mm 15 m 500-600 sft750 mm 2.4 m 900-1000 sft


13/40


14/40

Artificial lighting

Artificial lighting is any lighting that is not sunlight.

artificial lighting is lighting which is man made, such as fluorescent,tungsten, mercury vapor, sodium vapor, halogen, compact fluorescent, etcetera. It can be turned on and off at a flick of a switch.

There are also very special types of artificial light for specific purposes Such

as infrared heat lamps, ultraviolet lights for plant growth and tanning, etcetera.


15/40

Types of Artificial Lighting Systems

A. Incandescent lamp

B. Gas Discharge lamp

Low pressure discharge (Fluorescent, LPSV)

High pressure discharge (metal halide, HPSV, high pressure mercury

vapor), HID family

C. Solid State Lighting

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Organic Light emitting diode (OLED)


16/40

Incandescent light bulb

It is oldest and common type of lamp

Light up instantly and provide warm light

Do not need a ballast and cheaper

Light is produced when coil of Tungsten isheated by passing electric current

Most of the power is lost in heat

Less Efficacy and lowest average life of (2000hours)

Very good Color Rendering Index (~100).

Standard incandescent, tungsten halogen and

reflector are three common types


17/40

Compared with incandescent lamp and even with LED lighting, gas-discharge lampsoffer longer life and higher efficiency, but are more complicated to manufacture, andrequire auxiliary electronic equipment such as ballasts to control current flow through

the gas. Some gas-discharge lamps also have a perceivable start-up time to achievetheir full light output. Still, due to their greater efficiency, gas-discharge lamps arereplacing incandescent lights in many lighting applications.


18/40

Gas-discharge lamp

Gas-discharge lampsare a family of artificial light sources that generate light bysending an electrical discharge through an ionized gas, a plasma.

The character of the gas discharge depends on the pressure of the gas as well as thefrequency of the current . Typically, such lamps use a noblegas (argon, neon, krypton and xenon) or a mixture of these gases.

Most lamps are filled with additional materials, like mercury, sodium,

and metal halides. In operation the gas is ionized, and free electrons, accelerated by the electrical

field in the tube, collide with gas and metal atoms. Some electrons in the atomicorbital's of these atoms are excited by these collisions to a higher energy state. Whenthe excited atom falls back to a lower energy state, it emits a photon ofa characteristic energy, resulting in infrared, visible light, or ultraviolet radiation.Some lamps convert the ultraviolet radiation to visible light with afluorescent coating on the inside of the lamp's glass surface. The fluorescent lamp isperhaps the best known gas-discharge lamp.


19/40

Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs):

CFLs are fluorescent tubes bent into shape to fit a standard light

fitting. They use around 20% of the power required by an

incandescent bulb and will last an impressive 6-15 times longer.

On a lifetime basis, a standard 100 watt-equivalent CFL will

save 480 kilowatt hours of electricity when compared to an

incandescent lamp. During its lifetime, just one CFL bulb has the

capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by as much as one

ton.

While the cost of a CFL is greater than an incandescent lamp,

CFLs are cheaper when the total life cycle cost is considered. A

typical CFL will save you around Rs.5000 in its lifetime. Plus

oull save the expense of six or more incandescent globes and

ou wont have to change the bulbs nearly as often.


20/40

CFLs are available in a range of colors to suit all applications. The higher the Kelvin (K)rating, the bluer the color gets. Lower Kelvin-rated CFLs have more yellow and aresimilar to the light color of an incandescent globe. TheKelvin rating only refers to the color of the light emitted, not the brightness.

Different colors suit different rooms.Bright daylight (6500K) offers a strong, bright light suited to home offices and workspaces. Cool white (4000K) is suited to task environments like kitchens and laundries.Warm white (2700K) creates a more intimate atmosphere for bedrooms and loungerooms.

Because CFLs are more efficient, they require a lower wattage globe for the same light

output. Check the chart below to see the difference.


21/40


22/40

The typically small mass of a solid-state electronic lighting device providesfor greater resistance to shock and vibration compared to brittle glasstubes/bulbs and long, thin filament wires. They also eliminate filamentevaporation, potentially increasing the life span of the illumination device.

Solid-state lighting is often used in traffic lights and is also used frequentlyin modern vehicle lights, street and parking lot lights, train marker lights,

building exteriors remote controls etc.


23/40

ENERGY EFFICENCY IN LIGHTING


24/40

Energy Efficiency

Percentage of total energy input to a machine or equipment that isconsumed in useful work and not wasted as useless heat.

Why Energy Efficiency in Lighting?

High and rising energy prices Change in Global Climate

Exhaustion of Non Renewable Sources for electricity generation

Leads to reduction of investment for expansion of electric power sector


25/40

Efficiency of lighting sources


26/40


27/40

Energy Efficiency Techniques

Replace any incandescent bulbs with CFLs (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) or LEDs

(Light Emitting Diodes), especially where lights are on for long periodsUse the lowest wattage bulb required to meet the rooms lighting needs

Turn off all lights in unoccupied rooms

Turn outside lights off when youre not using them

Consider using timers and sensors for indoor and outdoor lights

Make the most of natural light. Open curtains and blinds during daylight hours

When youre installing lights, allocate one switch per light rather than turning on

multiple lights with one switch

Use two-way switching in rooms with two exits to ensure lights can be easily turned off

when leaving the room

Use table or floor lamps fitted with CFLs where most light is required so you dont light

unoccupied areas of the room

Choose light fittings that allow most of the light through so a lower wattage globe can be

used. Some light fittings can block 50% or more of the lights, especially those with

colored glass or fabric


28/40

Use task lighting

Physically group the tasks with similarlighting requirements, if possible

Remove a number of lamps to reducegeneral illumination levels

Reduce general lighting level bycontrolled dimming without sacrificingthe symmetry of the lighting fixture

pattern

OPTIONS TO REDUCE EXCESS LIGHTING


29/40

CASE STUDY

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION


30/40

floor Incan FTL(40) CFL(20) Total kw


31/40

floor Incan FTL(40) CFL(20) Total kw

GROUND FLOOR 0 22 1 0.9

FIRST FLOOR 0 29 2 1.2

SECOND FLOOR 0 28 7 1.26

THIRD FLOOR 0 26 4 1.8

FOURTH FLOOR 0 24 2 1

FIFTH FLOOR 0 1 1 0.06

CORRIDOR 0 8 5 0.4

TOTAL 0 138 21 6.62


32/40

floor Incan FTL FTL(40) CFL Total w

CANTEEN 0 0 1 0 0.04

TOTAL 6.62

GRAND TOTAL :6.66kw


33/40

Lighting power density (LPD)

Lighting Power Density technically represents the load of any lightingequipment in any defined area, or the watts per square foot of the lightingequipment.

LPD = Total connected load of a space/floor area of the space

LPD = Total connected load of lighting system/total built-up area


34/40

Calculation

1. Building Type : educational institution2. Total built-up area : 1200 sq m.

3. Total interior lighting load : 6.66 kw

4. LPD : 6.66*1000/1200= 5.5 W/m2

Standard :

School/University - 12.9 w/m2

The installed interior lighting power shall not exceed the LPD(lighting

power density) value


35/40

CALCULATING NATURAL LIGHTING


36/40

Natural light shall be calculated as follows:

The areas/rooms that have the required natural light mustequal 50% or more of the facilitys useable floor area; and

The windows (not including the frame) in each of those

areas/rooms must be equivalent to at least 10% of the

useable floor areas in that area/room.


37/40

ROOM USEABLE

FLOOR AREA

NATURAL

LIGHT

REQUIRED

ACTUAL

WINDOW

MEASUREMENT

ANALYSIS

(SUFFICENT)

GROUND

FLOOR

405 SQ.M. X 10% 40.5 SQ.M. 88.0 SQ.M. YES

FIRST FLOOR 378 SQ.M. X 10% 37.8 SQ.M. 77.0 SQ.M. YES

SECOND FLOOR 405 SQ.M. X 10% 40.5 SQ.M. 86.0 SQ.M. YES

THIRD FLOOR 342 SQ.M. X 10% 34.2 SQ.M. 49.2 SQ.M. YES

FOURTH FLOOR 405 SQ.M. X 10% 40.5 SQ.M. 119.2 SQ.M. YES

USEABLE FLOOR AREA FLOORS(G+1+2+3+4) 50% OF TOTAL

USEABLE FLOOR AREA

747 SQ.M. 747 SQ.M. 373.5


38/40

Since all the rooms meet the requirement and their useable floor area is more than 50%of the buildings total useable floor area, the building meets the requirement for naturallight IF all students spend at least 50% of their day in rooms

The daylight inside a room is only a small fraction of that available from the sky andreflections. The quantity of daylight inside a room varies with the brightness

distribution of the sky and is often described in terms of a daylight factor. Definition

Daylight factor (DF) is defined as the ratio of the actual illuminance at a point in aroom (lux) and the illuminance available from an identical unobstructed sky.

DF= (illuminance in room / illuminance of sky)*100

DAY LIGHT FACTOR:

Average DF% = (52 x M x W) / AWhere:

A = The sum of the area of all room surfaces (ceiling, floor, walls, doors, windows androof lights), in m2

M = Correction factor for dirt or ease of cleaning, consisting of:1.0 for vertical glazing or

0.8 for sloping glazing or

0.7 for horizontal glazingW = Glazed area of windows or roof lights, taking account of framing, in m2. Measureglazed panes or measure window area including frames then multiply by 0.8 for metalframes.


39/40

FLOOR DAYLIGHT FACTOR ILLUMINANCE

GROUND FLOOR 11.29% 1129 LUX

FIRST FLOOR 10.59% 1059 LUX

SECOND FLOOR 11.04% 1104 LUX

THIRD FLOOR 7.48% 748 LUX

FOURTH FLOOR 15.30% 1530 LUX


40/40

THANK YOU.

Date post:	04-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	rubina-shaukat-khan
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times

Energy Efficiency in Lighting.pptx

Documents