Challenge the future Delft University of Technology Energy Innovation Prof. Dr. Ad van Wijk 11-12-2014
Transcript
10-12-2014
Challenge the future
Delft University of Technology
Energy Innovation
Prof. Dr. Ad van Wijk 11-12-2014
2 Energy Innovation
There is no energy crisis
• Energy efficiency world wide is about 2%
• The sun gives us in one hour more energy than the world consumes in a year
• Renewable energy is everywhere but dispersed
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Although it is a huge challenge to change our energy system into a sustainable energy system, it is on the other hand very well possible. Because there is no energy crisis, We have plenty energy available to be able to fulfill our energy needs now and for future generation. We can build a sustainable energy system using these three facts, you could say these three laws. …
3 Energy Innovation
Our doorbell
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Doorbell story There is always an inverter on, looking to the doorbell till someone pushes the doorbell knob and then it has to say dingdong. But all the time it consumes some energy, about 5-10 watt. However, you need to have a lot of friends or nasty kids to push the doorbell knob for one hour a year. The efficiency of this process is much less than 1% it is 1/8760 So a doorbell uses per year about 50 kWh. In Europe .. We can design such a doorbell differently ..
4 Energy Innovation
Internet router
5 Energy Innovation
The Sun gives us 5.450.000 EJ per year
Earth’s albedo reflects back
Warms land and water
42%
Water Cycle 23%
Wind/Ocean Currents
1%
Photosynthesis 0.023% World wide energy use in 2010 was about 535 EJ
Looking up not down
34%
Earth receives
1 2 billion
of the sun’s
energy output
th
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So on the one hand we have a very low energy efficiency, we are wasting our energy. But on the other hand we have an enormous flow of energy coming from the sun. So to solve our energy challenge we do not have to look down and dig in the ground, we have to look up. Here you see the flows of energy from the sun, EJ much 10 to the power of 18. So in less then one hour the sun gives us more energy than that we consume in the world in a year You have to know that almost all forms of renewable energy are derived from the sun, wind, biomass, hydropower, waves they are all solar energy There are only two other forms of renewable energy. Earth core heat, coming from radiactive decay in the earth Tidal energy, coming from the gravity forces, the attraction of the earth and the moon.
6 Energy Innovation
Traditional energy chain: from source to service
Extraction Transport Distribution
End-use conversion Conversion Treatment
Energy services
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But now the third one, renewable energy is everywhere but dispersed. Our traditional energy system is based on the use of fossil fuels, energy sources that are somewhere in the earth in a rather large quantity and with a high density. The way that we have developed our energy system is based on these facts. It can be illustrated by the traditional energy chain. ….
7 Energy Innovation
Future Energy Systems Paradigm changing concepts
•LED revolution •AC-DC; Smart DC electricity grids •Our Car as Power Plant
8 Energy Innovation
LED revolution Present lighting system less then 1% efficient • LED factor 4 more efficient technology
• LED distance reduction is more energy efficient
• LED is dynamic and interactive
• LED creates new products
• LED creates new services
9 Energy Innovation
LED revolution
10 Energy Innovation
Smart Window
11 Energy Innovation
Nikola Tesla 10 July 1856, New York
AC
The AC / DC Battle
Thomas Edison 11 february 1847, West Orange
DC
12 Energy Innovation
AC-DC losses
13 Energy Innovation
DC LED light in greenhouse
LED electronics not necessary LED light between plants
14 Energy Innovation
Smart DC USB grid
15 Energy Innovation
Smart DC building grid
16 Energy Innovation
Smart DC city grid
17 Energy Innovation
Our Car; 100 year unchanged
18 Energy Innovation
Tesla Model S Nissan Leaf
Mitsubishi iMiEV
Peugeot iON
Electric cars
19 Energy Innovation
Fuel cell cars
Honda fuel cell car with solar hydrogen fueling station
Hyundai fuel cell car
Mercedes fuel cell car
20 Energy Innovation
Car park power plant
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To give an example for the Netherlands If you know that every year world wide much more power generation capacity is sold than that world wide is installed in power plants.
21 Energy Innovation
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Our cars will take over all the power plants in the world. See here the statistics. At the moment the capacity in all power plants of the world is 5.000 GW or 5 billion kW. The capacity of all car engines together in the world is already 10 times larger. And every year in the world 80 million new cars are bought. This represents a capacity of 8000 GW. So in one year we buy on the road more electricity production capacity than is installed in all our power plants world wide. I do not exactly know when and how fast the fuel cell cars will be introduced in the markt, but certainly in the next decade. And then these cars can also produce more efficiently and cleaner all the electricity we need. Will this happen. When you and I want this, it will certainly happen, because you and I are the car owners. Let’s go for it, and take over the electrricity system.
22 Energy Innovation
Defying Death Valley
23 Energy Innovation
Energy System Changes System Transport/Electricity
System System Change
1 Present Transport and Electricity System are separated energy
systems
Other Fuels Gas (CNG, LNG)
Bio-fuels 2 Electric
transport
Transport System with electric cars consumes electricity
More Electricity
3 Car as power
plant To Produce
Transport system with fuel cell cars produces electricity
More Gas
4 Car as power plant
To Balance
Transport system with fuel cell cars consumes electricity
produces electricity balance the electricity system
More Renewables
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How could our energy system change over time when fuel cell cars will come on the market. And how can these fuel cell cars contribute to a transition towards a sustainable energy system. The following system changes could be envisaged Today we have a separated transport and electricity system. There is no interaction except that they both use fuels. At this moment we see a transition towards electric driving, also electric cars. These cars consume electricity and maybe the batteries can play a role in balancing the electricity system. When the fuel cell cars are introduced, these cars can be used for electricity production whereby hydrogen is produced from gas. A next transition will take place when renewable sources, such as hydro, wind, solar, geothermal produce so much electricity that we can convert excess electricity into hydrogen to fuel the fuel cell cars. But also biogas will be in the renewable energy mix and with the fuel cell cars we can produce electricity for the grid at moments that there is a deficit. In fact the fuel cell car can easily balance an all renewable electricity system Using the fuel cell car as an electricity production and balancing unit can really change the transport and electricity system into a sustainable, flexible and local energy system
24 Energy Innovation
12 economic disruptive technologies
25 Energy Innovation
12 economic disruptive technologies
26 Energy Innovation
Energy System Energy use % of total
Trends
1
Heating & Cooling
25-30%
Energy Savings Heat pump, Infrared, Peltier, phase change and thermochemical storage
2
Transport
25-30%
Electric, Autonomous Battery, Fuel cell, sensors, IT
3
Electricity
15-20%
Renewable, DC smart grids Hydro, wind, bio, geothermal, solar, smart DC grids from USB to HVDC
How could our energy system change over time when fuel cell cars will come on the market. And how can these fuel cell cars contribute to a transition towards a sustainable energy system. The following system changes could be envisaged Today we have a separated transport and electricity system. There is no interaction except that they both use fuels. At this moment we see a transition towards electric driving, also electric cars. These cars consume electricity and maybe the batteries can play a role in balancing the electricity system. When the fuel cell cars are introduced, these cars can be used for electricity production whereby hydrogen is produced from gas. A next transition will take place when renewable sources, such as hydro, wind, solar, geothermal produce so much electricity that we can convert excess electricity into hydrogen to fuel the fuel cell cars. But also biogas will be in the renewable energy mix and with the fuel cell cars we can produce electricity for the grid at moments that there is a deficit. In fact the fuel cell car can easily balance an all renewable electricity system Using the fuel cell car as an electricity production and balancing unit can really change the transport and electricity system into a sustainable, flexible and local energy system
