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Contents:
-Introduction.
-Prior Knowledge.
-What is energy?
-Types of energy (Physical science.
-Types of energy as a natural resource:
-Renewable.
-Non-renewable.
-Eolic energy:
-Definition.
-Examples in Colombia.
-Hydroelectrical energy:
-Definition
-Examples in Colombia.
-Good usage.
-Bad usage.
-How to conserve it.
-How do people use energy.
-Can we lose energy?
- News.
-Posters.
-Videos.
-Quotes.
Introduction
Energy is the most general concept in physics.
Energy is that property something has that enebles it to do
work.
Energy is involved in every physical transformation.
As human beings we are conserned with the use of
energy. Primitive humans used mainly their own muscular
energy, but now we use many different types of energy
and muscular energy is only a negligible part of the
energy we use.
Prior knowledge
ENERGY
RESOURCES
I know that
energy helps us
a lot in our daily
life.
Georgia: We use
it in malls,
restaurants,
homes, etc.
Social: I know that the
energy resources are
taken from sun by solar
panels. We also can
take from our own body
or from water.
Cultural we use
energy to cook,
wash our clothes,
and keep us warm
to have light etc.
Economical: We use
it in the factories,
schools, and offices,
household and in
malls.
What is energy???
Energy is the ability to do work or make physical changes all physical changes involve the use of energy.
Energy is defined as the ability or the capacity to do work.
We use energy to do work and make all movements. When we eat, our bodies transform the food into
energy to do work. When we run or walk or do some work, we ‘burn’ energy in our bodies. Cars, planes,
trolleys, boats, and machinery also transform energy into work. Work means moving or lifting
something, warming or lighting something. There are many sources of energy that help to run the
various machines invented by man.
Types of energy
Physical science types
Type Symbol Unit Meanig
Formula
Kinetic
Energy
Scalar KE Joule (J) Energy of
motion
KE =1/2 mv 2
Potential
Energy
Scalar PE Joule (J) Energy of
Position
PE gravitational=
mgh
Rest Energy Scalar E0 Joule (J) Energy
equivalent of
the mass of an
object.
E0= mc2
Types of energy as natural resources
Renewable:
Renewable energy is the one that can be easily replaced.
Sources of renewable energy production worldwide:
Hydroelectric, wind, solar, etc: 9%
Nuclear: 6%
Non renewable:
Non-renewable energy is the one that cannot be replaced in a short time and for us is
permanently lost.
Sources of non-renewable energy production worldwide:
Fossil fuels:
Oil: 38%
Natural Gas: 24%
Coal: 23%
Eolic energy: Is the energy produced by the wind.
The wind moves the turbines that generate electric energy. Wind energy is transformed into electric
energy. Wind turbines that generate electricity can be noisy, need a lot of space, and are practical only
where winds are powerful and reliable. On the other hand, they are nonpolluting, deplete no resources,
do not contribute to global warming by emitting carbon dioxide, and there is plenty of wind available in
much of the world.
Definition
Eolic energy is the energy that comes from the wind. Propellers or turbines receive the energy
from the wind. This energy can be used directly as mechanical energy as used to be done in past times.
The wind mills against which Don Quijote fights are examples of use of eolic energy. This energy can also
be transformed into electric energy.
Examples in Colombia
For a very long time eolic energy has been used in farms in Colombia it has been use mainly to
draw water from wells using a propeller moved by the wind providing the energy to draw the water. As
in many other places wind energy has been used s an energy source to turn grains into flour.
Hydroelectrical energy
The kinetic energy of falling water is converted into electric energy as the water turns turbine
blades connected to generator hydroelectric plants in many places have flooded in large areas and turn
ones fertile river valleys into wastelands unfit for agriculture. Few dam sides remain that would not lead
to such ecological damages so hydroelectricity is not likely to exceed its current 3 percents of energy
production in the future.
Definition
Hydroelectric The potential energy of water in an elevated area is turned into kinetic energy as
the water falls into a lower area.
Examples in Colombia:
Colombia is very rich in hydric resources. Also in mountainous in regions there are many
waterfalls or they can be artificially created. This makes Colombia a very well provided country for the
development of hydroelectric power plants. There are many such plants. They are:
GUADALUPE III 270 270 45*6 1966 Gómez Plata Antioquia
GUADALUPE IV 225 202 75*3 1985 Alejandría Antioquia
GUATAPÉ 560 560 70*8 1980 Guatapé Antioquia
LA TASAJERA 309 306 105*3 1994 Bello Antioquia
PLAYAS 201 201 67*3 1988 San Carlos Antioquia
PORCE II 411 405 135*3 2001 Antioquia
RIOGRANDE I 75 75 25*3 1956 Don Matías Antioquia
TRONERAS 42 40 21*2 1965 Carolina Antioquia
JAGUAS 170 170 85*2 1987 San Rafael Antioquia
SAN CARLOS 1,240.00 1,240.00 155*8 1988 San Carlos Antioquia
CHIVOR 1,000.00 1,000.00 125*8 1977-1982 Santa María Boyacá
MIEL I 396 396 2002 Norcasia Caldas
ESMERALDA 30 30 15*2 1963 Chinchiná Caldas
SAN FRANCISCO 135 135 45*3 1969 Chinchiná Caldas
SALVAJINA 285 285 95*3 1985 Silvia Cauca
FLORIDA 26 26 13*2 1975 Popayán Cauca
URRÁ 344 329 86*4 2000 Tierralta Cordoba
CANOAS 45 45 50*1 1972 Soacha Cundinamarca
COLEGIO 250 150 50*3 1970 La Mesa Cundinamarca
LA GUACA 315 310 108*3 1987 La Mesa Cundinamarca
GUAVIO 1,150.00 1,150.00 230*5 1992 Ubalá Cundinamarca
LAGUNETA 72 72 18*4 1960 Sn. Antonio Cundinamarca
PARAISO 270 270 92*3 1987 La Mesa Cundinamarca
SALTO 127 125 14*3+35*2+15*1 1963-1998 Sn. Antonio Cundinamarca
BETANIA 540 540 180*3 1987 Yaguará Huila
RÍO MAYO 21 21 9*3 1969 San Pablo Nariño
PRADO 45 44 16*2+15*1 1973 Prado Tolima
PRADO IV 5 5 5*1 1973 Prado Tolima
ALTO ANCHICAYÁ 365 365 125*3 1973 Buenaventura Valle
CALIMA 132 120 33*4 1967 Calima (Darien) Valle
BAJO ANCHICAYÁ 74 74 13*2+24*2 1957 B/ventura Valle
About 70 % of the energy used in Colombia is provided by hydroelectric plants.
Good usage
There are many efforts we can make to reduce energy consumption. Reduction in energy
consumption helps save energy and reduces pollution caused by sources of energy. Nuclear plants, for
example, are very efficient sources of energy. They take very little space and produce large amounts of
energy from very small quantities of radioactive material but they have proved to be very dangerous as
they may pollute the environment with radioactive material the most recent example has been the accident
that occurred at Fukushima. The area will remain contaminated for a very long time. It seems that
Germany has decided to cancel its atomic energy program as a result of this resent nuclear accident in
Japan. Use of coal as a source of energy has proved to be also a source of radioactive material discharged
into the environment. The combustion of coal releases radioactive elements into the environment. It also
releases mercury a very poisonous element that attacks the nervous system and is especially harmful to
unborned children because their nervous system is just starting to form.
Bad usage
Most industries make bad use of energy resources, they are interested mainly bin their profits
with no regard for the health of human beings. Burning solid fuels, for example, leads to acid rain. At the
beginning of the industrial revolution was the main fuel used in industry. Now oil is the main fuel used
worldwide. With the coming shortage of oil it is likely that coal will gain preeminence in the near future.
If coal were pure carbon it would be an excellent fuel. Unfortunately coal contains a number of other
substances, one of which sulfur is largely responsible for the major ecological problem of acid rain. Acid
rain attacks chlorophyll and therefore destroys vegetation.
How to conserve it
Many industrial processes are unnecessary. They take a lot of energy that need not to have been used.
For example processed food takes to much energy to be produced. Simple cooking needs much less
energy and is more nutritious and healthy than industrially produced food.
As citizens we need to know about industrial production, its benefits and its dangers. As individuals we
can demand that public health policies for the protection of the environment be legally implemented.
How do people use energy?
People generally use energy depending on its availability. They seldom think about the
environmental, health, efficiency or coast implications of their use of it.
Can we lose energy????
Yes, we can lose energy.
Emmy Noether established that energy is transformed but is not created or destroyed as regards physical
processes some energy is always lost. That is, some energy escapes from being used in the way we want
to use it.
News
The Fukushima disaster in March reminded the world, 25 years after Chernobyl, that nuclear energy is
anything but clean, secure, and affordable. Unfortunately, another nuclear catastrophe was needed to
trigger a fresh debate on the use of nuclear power.
Germany's decision in June to phase out nuclear power by 2022 has provoked irritation among its pro-
nuclear neighbours.
Other European countries have yet to indicate whether they will follow Germany's example; a world free
from nuclear energy is hard for its supporters to imagine.
Europe's economic and ecological future, however, depends upon the rising opposition to this high-risk
technology, such as in Italy, where a recent referendum delivered a large popular majority against nuclear
energy.
In Germany, the idea of a nuclear phase-out has been gaining support ever since the Chernobyl disaster.
Over the past few decades, anti-nuclear activists, together with their political representatives in the Green
Party, have succeeded in mobilising hundreds of thousands of protesters.
In 2000, growing political pressure finally led to a consensus between the German government and
energy companies, which agreed to limit the life span of nuclear-power plants to 32 years.
Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition government withdrew from this agreement in 2010, but Fukushima
forced the authorities to reconsider _ and to permanently end the use of nuclear energy. German energy
policy now depends once more on the future deployment of renewable energy sources.
The Renewable Energy Sources Act, for instance, introduced in 2000 by a Social Democrat-Green
government, has enabled the country to exceed all growth expectations in the alternative-energy sector,
which now accounts for 20% of Germany's total electricity consumption.
But while Germany is now heading in the right direction, the security risks of nuclear power plants in
neighbouring countries, such as France and the Czech Republic, remain. There must be a general shift in
both European and global energy policies.
The current European stress tests of nuclear-power plants are a first step; but, as long as they are
voluntary and under the operators' control, they will be nothing more than political window dressing. For
example, there are no plans to test any of the 143 nuclear power plants currently operating in the
European Union for core safety risks, such as a terrorist attack or a plane crash.
The economic argument for renewable energy is also compelling. Nuclear power is an antiquated
technology that requires billions of euros in subsidies; so far, German taxpayers have contributed 196
billion euros for this purpose.
A German government study has estimated that, between 2010 and 2050, Germany could save more than
700 billion euros by relying on non-nuclear renewable energy instead of nuclear power or imported fossil
fuels such as coal, gas and oil.
The expansion of renewable energy production also holds potential for boosting economic growth. Over
the past decade, 370,000 new jobs have been created in the sector, and exports of renewable-energy
technology are rising rapidly, totalling roughly 30 billion euros from 2006 to 2008.
At the same time, it would be short-sighted to assume that fossil fuels, especially coal, are a profitable and
sustainable energy source. First, increased reliance on fossil fuels runs contrary to the 1997 Kyoto
Protocol's targets for reducing carbon emissions, as well as to the EU's own climate-change objectives.
Moreover, fossil-fuel costs fluctuate wildly with oil prices, and the centralised nature of nuclear and coal-
fired power stations creates distribution problems.
The last decade has shown that increases in renewable-energy production actually reduce its costs. Wind
energy is now competitive with conventional power plants, while rising gas and coal prices and the steady
decline in renewable-energy costs imply that, within a few years, fossil fuels will be even less attractive.
Moreover, revenues from "home-grown" energy tend to remain where they are generated, while the
import bill for fossil fuels would be eliminated. All of this can be done without having to bear the
immense risk (and costs) of a nuclear catastrophe. Indeed, the idea of a "nuclear renaissance" is a myth.
Nuclear accidents, public opposition, and high capital costs have already provoked a drastic drop in
nuclear-energy investment; in the United States, no nuclear-power plant has been commissioned since the
late 1970s.
In Europe, the number of nuclear plants is declining, as old plants are decommissioned and public opinion
in even traditionally pro-nuclear countries like France begins to shift: almost two-thirds of the French
now believe that nuclear power stands in the way of an increase in renewable energy.
In Italy, more than 90% of voters rejected Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's plan for a return to nuclear-
power generation, and the Japanese government announced that it plans to phase out nuclear energy in
stages.
More needs to be done to accelerate the post-nuclear transition.
More money from the EU budget now goes to nuclear research than to non-nuclear research and
development, and more infrastructure funding goes to carbon capture and storage and conventional
energy than to renewable energies. Shifting to renewable-energy sources will require a huge effort and
infrastructure investment. Germany has taken the first step, but the transition to a fully renewable-energy-
based economy must be a common European effort.
Posters
Videos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_5oYuDY2qM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqDsi2VecDE&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__zB80Saglk&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDK2p1QbPKQ&feature=related
Quotes
The release of atomic energy has not created a new problem. It has merely made more urgent the
necessity of solving an existing one.
Albert Einstein
The higher your energy level, the more efficient your body The more efficient your body, the better you
feel and the more you will use your talent to produce outstanding results.
Tony Robbins
Energy and persistence conquer all things.
Benjamin Franklin
This revolution, the information revoultion, is a revolution of free energy as well, but of another kind: free
intellectual energy. It's very crude today, yet our Macintosh computer takes less power than a 100-watt
bulb to run it and it can save you hours a day. What will it be able to do ten or 20 years from now, or 50
years from now?
Steve Jobs
Should you find yourself in a chronically leaking boat, energy devoted to changing vessels is likely to be
more productive than energy devoted to patching leaks.
Warren Buffett
The energy of the mind is the essence of life.
Aristotle
It is only through labor and painful effort, by grim energy and resolute courage, that we move on to better
things.
Theodore Roosevelt