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Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the...

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Energy The ability to do work
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Page 1: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

EnergyThe ability to do work

Page 2: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Energy LawsLaws of Thermodynamics (energy flow)

1. Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed– Energy is converted (changed) from one form to

another – When we eat food

2. Law of Entropy - Energy can not be converted with out the loss of useable energy – The loss of energy is called Entropy– Light bulb – light energy, but looses heat

Page 3: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

The Flow

Plants

Animals

Page 4: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.
Page 5: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

How do organisms get their energy?

Autotroph – makes its own food (doesn’t eat)

Heterotroph – needs to eat to obtain energy

Page 6: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Autotroph Energy

Photosynthesis

• The process of turning light energy from the sun into chemical energy used by the cell.

Page 7: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Heterotroph Energy

Cellular Respiration

• The process of breaking down organic molecules to release energy used by the cell

Page 8: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

PhotosynthesisThe process of turning light energy from the sun into chemical energy used by the cell.

Need:• Carbon dioxide – CO2

• Water – H2O• Sunlight

To Produce:• Glucose – C6H12O6

• Oxygen- O2

Page 9: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Put it all together……

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Sunlight

Page 10: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Where?

• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts

• Chlorophyll absorbs the light and starts the photosynthesis reaction– Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts– It is what makes plants green

Page 11: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Parts of a Chloroplast

Outer MembraneGranum – Stacks of Thylakoids - where the chlorophyll is

Stroma

Lamellae

Page 12: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Cellular RespirationThe process of breaking down organic molecules to release energy used by the cell

Need• Glucose - C6H12O6

• Oxygen - O2

To Produce• Carbon Dioxide - CO2

• Water - H2O• Energy

Page 13: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Put it all together…..

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Page 14: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

The Energy Currency of The Cell

ATP The unit of energy used in the cell

• Produced during cellular respiration• When the ATP molecule is broken it releases

energy• ATP breakdown takes place in the

mitochondria

Page 15: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic – requires oxygen

Anaerobic – does not require oxygen

Page 16: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Aerobic Respiration

• Uses oxygen to make ATP• What happens during cellular respiration• Produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration• Preferred way to make energy

Page 17: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Anaerobic Respiration

• Some organisms do not use oxygen to make energy – yeast and some bacteria

• Will happen when there is not enough oxygen• This type of respiration does not produce as

much ATP as aerobic respiration

Page 18: Energy The ability to do work. Energy Laws Laws of Thermodynamics (energy flow) 1.Law of the Conservation of Energy - Energy can not be created nor destroyed.

Two Kinds of Anaerobic Respiration

1. Lactic Acid Fermentation – produces lactic acid in the cells (muscle aches, sour cream)

2. Alcohol Fermentation – produces alcohol and carbon dioxide in the cells (bacteria and yeast)


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