ENGINEERING TEAM

ENGINEERING TEAM

Specialist EngineerEngineer

Typical activitiesConceptual designConceptual designResearchResearchProject PlanningProject PlanningProduct innovationProduct innovation System development of technologistSystem development of technologist Technicians and craftsmenTechnicians and craftsmen

ENGINEERING TEAMSpecialistsTechnologists

Typical activitiesRoutine product developmentRoutine product developmentConstruction supervisionConstruction supervisionTechnical salesTechnical salesHardware design and developmentHardware design and developmentCoordination of workforce,Coordination of workforce,Materials, and equipmentMaterials, and equipmentSupervision to technicians and Supervision to technicians and craftsmencraftsmen

ENGINEERING TEAM

Specialist TechnicianTechnician Typical activitiesDraftingDraftingEstimatingEstimatingField inspectionsField inspectionsData collectionData collectionSurveyingSurveyingTechnical writingTechnical writing

ENGINEERING TEAM

Specialist Craftsmen

Typical activitiesUses hand and powerTools to service, Maintain, and operate machines or productsUseful to theEngineering team

DEFINITION OF ENGINEERING

the profession in which a knowledge of mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgements to develop ways to economically utilize the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.

DEFINITION OF TECHNOLOGY

The knowledge or use of the mechanical arts and applied sciences

The science or study of the practical or industrial arts, applied sciences

Method or process for the handling a specific technical problem

The system by which a society provides its members with those things needed or desired.

Engineers must be concerned not only on the utilization of resources but also their conservation.

This involves recycling and uses of existing materials, pre-habitation instead of replacement of old facilities and creative substitution of an abundant material for one that is scarce.

Seeking solutions that are energy efficient and exploring new sources of energy to replace those that are depleted.

FUNCTIONS OF ENGINEERING1.Research

involves seeking new knowledge or a better understanding of

the significance and relationship of facts already know.

2.Development

involves making the discoveries and results of research

available in the form of useful products, methods and processes

3.Design

the process of converting concepts and information into detailed

plans and specifications from which a finished product or facility

can be manufactured and constructed.

4.Production

the industrial process by which products or articles are

manufactured from raw materials

5.Construction

the process of translating designs and materials into structures

and facilities such as buildings, highways, and power and

communication facilities.

6.Operations

the application of engineering principles or the performance of

practical work involves procuring supplies, maintaining plant and

directing personnel

7. Sales

technological industries often requires the services of trained

engineers to recommend the machines, tools, parts, or services to

best serve the customer needs

8. Management

responsible for the solution of problems of policy, finance,

organization, public relations and sales; responsible for the

selection and supervision of personnel and the coordination of

research, development, production, and all other department.

ENGINEERING FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION

Electrical engineering Mechanical engineering Civil engineering Chemical engineering Industrial engineering Aerospace engineering Agricultural engineering Materials engineering Other branches of engineering

Electrical EngineeringThe largest of all engineering branchesConcerned with: electrical devices currents and systemsElectrical engineers work with equipment ranging from heavy power generators to tiny computer chips.Their work contribute to almost every sector of society.Electrical appliances for homes,Electronic displays for business,Laser for industryAnd satellite systems for government and businesses.

Six specialty areas of electrical engineering

Power generation and transmissionPower generation and transmissionElectronicsElectronicsComputersComputersCommunication systemCommunication systemInstrumentation and measurementInstrumentation and measurementAutomatic controlAutomatic control

1. Power generation and transmissionResponsible for the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power. Electrical engineer locate hydroelectric, steam, diesel engine, and nuclear power plants and specify the engines, generator and auxiliary equipment for these plants

2. Electronics This field deals with behavior and effects of

electrons Electronics engineer design efficient circuits

using variety of electric elements that can produce, amplify, detect, or rectify electrical signals

Electronic has applications in communication, power, transportation, medicine, and many other fields electronic technology has changed dramatically in recent years with the advent of transistor, semiconductor diodes, integrated and lasers.

3. Computer Electrical engineers - apply electrical and mechanical principles to design and construct electronic computer - perform research in computer circuit to develop new methods of data processing and storage, and seek new ways to apply computers to various types of data-processing problems4. Communications systems Electrical engineer - use their knowledge of wave propagation, electromagnetic theory, and electronic principles of design, radio, telephone, television, and satellite communication system.5. Instrumentation and measurement - It is concerning the use of electronics to make measurement needed for research, development, and operation. These instruments have broad applications in business and industry and contribute in many ways to public health and safety.

6. Automatic controlIn this field electrical engineer employ the concept of feedback control to automatic operation and processes.Such systems compare a measured quantity (e.g. Temperature, pressure, etc) to a desired standard and automatically make appropriate adjustments to the mechanism or system to minimize any difference between the measured and the desired quantity or property.

The oldest and broadest areas of engineering activity.Concerned with:machinery, power and manufacturing or productionmethods.1. Design and manufacture machine tools – the

machines2. that make machines and machinery and

equipment of3. all branches of industry.

Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical Engineer Design

TurbinesTurbines

Printing pressesPrinting presses

Earth moving machineryEarth moving machinery

Food processorFood processor

Air conditioning and refrigeration systemAir conditioning and refrigeration system

Artificial hearts and limbsArtificial hearts and limbs

Engines for aircraftsEngines for aircrafts

Diesel locomotivesDiesel locomotives

Automobiles and trucksAutomobiles and trucks

Public transportation vehiclesPublic transportation vehiclesTheir machines move lift loads, transport people and Their machines move lift loads, transport people and goods and produce energy and convert it to other goods and produce energy and convert it to other forms.forms.

In power specialtyMechanical engineers are involved in

The design and production and operation of hydraulic turbines for driving electric generators and of boilers, engines, turbines, and pumps for the development of steam power.

They design and operate power plants are concerned themselves with the economical combustion of fuels, the conversion of heat energy into mechanical power and the use of that power to perform useful work.

The heating, ventilation and air conditioned systemMechanical engineers are provided with controlled conditions of temperature and humidity in homes, offices, commercial buildings and industrial plants.They develop equipment and systems needed for the refrigeration of foods and the operation of cold storage warehouse and ice manufacturing plants.

In productionMechanical engineerswork closely with industrial engineers and managers in many fields of manufacturing, designing imaginative machinery and systems that yield economies in production.

In Marine engineering mechanical engineers design machinery for boats, naval vessels and merchants ships

In the automotive industry mechanical engineers design and manufacturing automobiles, truck and buses

In the aerospace industry mechanical engineers design new aircraft and spacecraft.

affects many of our daily activities: the building that we live in and work in the transportation facilities we use the water we drink the drainage and sewerage systems that are necessary to our health and well being.

Civil Engineering

Civil engineers :

Measure and map the earth’s surfaceDesign and supervise the construction of bridges, tunnels, large buildings dams, and the coastal structuresPlan, layout, construct, and maintain railroads, highways and airportsDevise systems for the control and efficient flow of trafficPlan and build river regulation and flood control projectsProvide plants and systems for water supply and sewage and refuse disposal

The branches of Civil Engineering

Structural engineeringLargest specialty within civil engineeringConcerned with: the design of large building, bridges, tanks, towers, dams and other structures

Civil engineersdesign and select appropriate structure components (e.g. beams, column, and slabs) and systems to provide adequate strength, stability and durability.

Construction engineering and managementUtilize and manage the resources of construction (the vehicles, equipment, machines, materials, and skilled-workers) to produce with timeliness and efficiency the structure or the facility envisioned by the designer

Transportation engineeringconcerned with: the planning and layout of highways, airports, harbors and ports and mass transportation systems.plan and design transportation terminals and devise and operate system of control vehicular traffic.

Geotechnical engineeringconcerned with: the structural behavior of soil and rock. They analyze earth support systems and design foundations, earth walls and highways and airport pavementHydraulic and water resource engineeringconcerned with: the flow of water through ditches, conduit, canals dams, and estuaries the special knowledge of fluid mechanics to design dams, irrigation systems, municipal water works and drainage and erosion control system.

Environmental engineeringconcerned with solid waste management, air and water pollution, and control of pesticides and radiological hazards. they design and oversee the operation of water treatment and sewage treatment plants and measure and monitor pollutants in the air, on land and in lakes and streams

Geodetic engineeringMeasure and map the earth surface they locate precisely property and building lines and survey the location, elevation and alignment of engineering projects.

Aerospace Engineering

Concerned with: All aspect of vehicular flight at all speed and altitudes

Aeronautical engineeringthe engineering of atmospheric flightCovers all phases of research, design, and development including overcraft designed to operate a few feet above land and water helicopters that hover in all directionsA variety of conventional airplanes complex spacecraft for orbiting the earth and exploring the solar system.

Structural design

Design and build aircraft systems that can be operated economically maximizing the vehicles strength to the weight ratioStudy the response of aircraft structures to mechanicalVibration and other dynamic forces design structures capable of withstanding these forcesPropulsion systems,Develop and refine propulsion systems for aircraft and space craft

Guidance and control

Develop instruments for conventional aircraft that provide information directly to the pilot or automatically navigate, maneuver or control the aircraft

Develop systems that guide and control the trajectories of missiles.

Involves the application of engineering principles, machines, materials, and energy to the production and processing of agricultural products.

Agricultural engineers:Design and improve agricultural equipment such as tractors, fertilizer spreader, loaders, harvesters and animal feeding systemDevise mechanical systems for the handling and processing of food productsDesign and develop storage structures for farms products and housing of poultry, cattle, and other farm productsDevelop and apply improved methods for irrigation, drainage, erosion control and land and water management.

Agricultural Engineering

The design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials and energy in the production of either goods or services.They deal with and motivate people in finding workable, effective solutions to production problems while retaining high standards of qualityPrimarily interested in problems that involve economy in the use of money, materials, time, human effort, and energyConcerned with the big picture of industrial management and production that detailed development of processes.

Industrial Engineering

Activities of industrial engineer fall into one of these categories

Those related to plant layout involves determining the floor space needed for each production component, equipment, and materials handling and storageAnd arranging and sequencing the various operations to insure smooth, and efficient operationThe designed to increase worker productivityperform time and motion studies of workers, set standards of work performance, and propose new and improved work methods to increase productivity.

Those designed to control the quality of products

employ quality control techniques to reduce waste and customer complaintsuse statistical procedure to establish reasonable tolerances in quality and develop procedures for making routine checks of product quality

Those designed to reduce and control costs

monitor costs of production and seek ways to reduce costs without compromising product quality.

Involves the application of chemistry, physics and engineering to the design and operation of plants for the production of materials that undergo chemicals changes during manufacturing.

e.g of such materials as paints, lubricants, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, petroleum products, foods, metals, plastics, ceramics and glass

Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering are responsible for

creating systems for producing large quantities of materials that chemist make in small quantities in the laboratoryelecting appropriate processes and arrange them in proper sequence to produce the desired product including:

Heat transfer processesMass transfer processes such as absorption, humidification and drying

processes that involve mechanical action such as mixing, crushing, grinding, sizing and filteringprocesses that involve chemical reaction including chlorination, polymerization, oxidation and reduction

Materials EngineeringRefers to a group of engineering specialists that are concerned with the development, production, fabrication and these of materials in specific technologies

Metallurgical engineeringconcerned with the production of metals form ores and the development of metallic alloys

Mining engineeringexploration, location, development and operation of mines of extracting coal, metallic ores such as copper and zinc and other materials

Petroleum engineeringexploration, extraction,storage and transportation of crude petroleum and natural gas.

Architectural engineersWork closely with architects to plan design and build large structures

Biomedical engineersWork closely with medical and biological specialists to develop prosthetic devices and instruments for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Oceanographic engineersWork closely with scientist to explore and study the oceans and to develop ways to utilize them for human benefit

Other Branches of Engineering

Operations researchers and systems engineersApply advances mathematical and computer-based techniques such as linear programming, queing theory and simulation to quantitatively predict the behavior of large systems

Nuclear engineersApply scientific and engineering principles to design, development and use of nuclear power systems

Textile engineersConcerned with the planning, design, and operation of manufacturing plants in the textiles industry

Plastic engineering

The formulation, manufacture and application of materials e.g polymers that permanently deform under stress

Ceramic engineering

Deals with products manufactured or used high temperatures (above 1000F) and the physical and chemical processes used in the manufacture.

Engineering has evolved and developed as a Engineering has evolved and developed as a practical art and a profession for more than 50 practical art and a profession for more than 50 centuries of recorded historycenturies of recorded historyIt progressed parallels to the progress of It progressed parallels to the progress of mankind.mankind.Historical studies of engineering teach us Historical studies of engineering teach us respect for the past and its achievementsrespect for the past and its achievementsThey help us to view the present in light of the They help us to view the present in light of the past - to perceive clearly the trends and past - to perceive clearly the trends and evaluate the reasons for the great changes that evaluate the reasons for the great changes that have punctuated human progresshave punctuated human progress

CONCLUSION