1

Engineering, Cars and Compassion

Donald L. Fisher

College of Engineering

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

2

David Sonderman1952 - 1984

3

Cancer Research

http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case1/tl8/037.html

4

Cognitive Aging

Younger Adults Older Adults

5

General Slowing

6

Latent Processes

cognitive

perceptual

motor

7

C Austrian Avianca Egypt Air EVA Air Guyana Hawaiian

Airlines

Korean Malaysian Mexicana North American Qantas Skywest Delta

Skywest United Spirit Tie Aviation TransBtasil Turkish United Express

Visual Search

8

Serial PERT Network

encode compare respond

[ ] [ ]E T E encode compare respond

9

Wheatstone Bridge PERT Network

a b

c

d e

•All processes which can begin do begin

•No process can begin until all of its predecessors have completed

•The task is finished when the last process completes

10

Moments of Response Time Distribution

a b

c

d e

[ ] [max{ , , }a b a c e d eE T E T T T T T T T

11

PERT and OP Diagrams

c1, c2

c2

c1

ye

s1 s2

s3

s4

s5

c1e

c2

y

12

Experimental Results

encode compare respond

encode compare respond

encode compare respond

General Slowing (Old)

Specific Slowing (Old)

Young

13

Older Driver Fatalities

14

Younger Drivers

15

Research in the Real World

16

Driving Simulator

Sponsors: Millitech, Bose, National Institute of Education,Massachusetts Highway Department, University of

Massachusetts

17

Building Virtual Worlds I

18

Building Virtual Worlds II

19

Building Virtual Worlds III

20

Pedestrian Crosswalk Crashes

Walk, Don't Walk

 After several accidents last fall, folks on campus wonder if it's safe to be a pedestrian at UMass

By COLLEEN STONE

Sponsor: Officer Ian Cyr, Security, University of Massachusetts

21

Truck Crosswalk Scenario

PedestrianCrosswalk

House

22

Eye Movement Analyses

Sponsors: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Link Foundation for Simulation and Training, Governor’s Highway Safety Bureau

23

Truck Crosswalk

Near Transfer

Far Transfer

24

Truck Left Turn

Signal

Movie

25

Hidden Motorcycle Simulation

Movie

26

Results

27

The Big Dig

28

Simulation Study

Sponsors: Massachusetts Highway Department, Federal Highway

Movie

29

Variable Message Signs

IDNo.

Message

Code

VMS Message Text

Priority

Type A1-Line, 12-Char/Line

Type B1-Line, 24-Char/Line

Type C2-Line, 15-Char/Line

Type D3-Line, 15-Char/Line

LANE CLOSURE MESSAGES

101

P100-L11: [LFT LN CLSD]2: [MERGE RIGHT]

1: [LEFT LANE CLOSED]2: [MERGE RIGHT]

1: [LEFT LANE CLSD] [MERGE RIGHT]

1: [LEFT LANE] [CLOSED]

[MERGE RIGHT]65

102

P100-M1

1: [MID LN CLSD]

 1: [MID LANE CLOSED]

 1: [CAUTION][MID LANE CLOSED]

1: [CAUTION][MID LANE CLOSED]

65

30

Phase Duration

300 ft 150 ft 0 ft

4 sec 2 sec 0 sec

[LFT LN CLSD] [MERGE RIGHT]

31

Repetition

300 ft 150 ft 0 ft

4 sec 2 sec 0 sec

[LFT LN CLSD]

[MERGE RIGHT] [MERGE RIGHT]

[LFT LN CLSD]

32

Optimal Phase Duration

LFT LN CLSD

[MERGE RIGHT]

VMS (FAST)

VMS (FAST)

VMS (SLOW)

LFT LN CLSD

[MERGE RIGHT]

VMS (SLOW)

33

Optimization Problem

Minimize w1 + w2 subject to: 

)()2

,1

|( criticalPwwunderstoodphasesbothP

w1: duration of phase 1

w1: duration of phase 1

34

Modeling Driver Behavior

• Latent Processes– Encoding

– Comprehension

– Decision

• Cognitive Constraints– Sequencing

– Resource Constraints

– Process Dependence

35

OP Diagrams

w1,e1

w1,c1

w2,e2,

d1

w2,c1

e2

w2,c2

w1

w1 (e1)

e1

c1

w1

e2 (d1)

w2 (e2,d1)

w2,e2

c1

w2

c2

w1

w2 (e2)

c1

c2

w2

w2,c2 w2

c2

c2

w2

c1

e2

w2 (e2)

c2

w2

w2

c2

path 1a,1b

path 2a,2b

path 3

path 4

path 5

path 6path 7

state 1

state 2

state 3

state 4

state 5

d1 (w2, e2)

path 8

state 7 state 11 state 12

36

Probability of Recall

)2,2,1,1 ()2

,1

|( babapathsPwwunderstoodphasesbothP

)()|(),|(),.|()( 1212312344321 SPSSPSSSPSSSSPSSSSP

)()|()|()|()( 1223344321 SPSSPSSPSSPSSSSP

i

j

ijij XXXPSSP

1

1 }),...,{()|(

37

Sings: Who Cares I

Susan Kaplan

WFCR

38

Signs: Who Cares II

39

Full Cycle

* A Call For Papers for a special issue of Optimization and Engineering on Radiation Oncology.

Operations Research &

Radiation Oncology

People Papers Software Links News

Welcome to a research site for people using Operations Research (OR) techniques in the field of Radiation Oncology.  The primary goal for this site is to facilitate interactions between researchers.  If you work in the cross discipline area of OR and Radiation Oncology, please add your information to the People List and announce your work by submitting technical reports and preprints to the Paper List. NEWS:  If you have news items you would like to post on our News page, please send me an Email. 

Questions and comments should be directed to Allen Holder

 

40

Conclusion

nnhPX

h

H

h xh

x

dxdxhHPxxfttTEn

n

11|1

)(),(][1

1