Unit

A

C

B

Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and I did)

We use the present perfect to give new information (see Unit 7). But if we continue to talk about it we normall use the past simple

w ve burnt mself. ow did ou do that (not have ou done) picked up a hot dish. (not have picked)

ook omebod has spilt something on the sofa.

ou can use the present perfect for new or recent happenings ve repaired the washing machine. ts working now. h thats good. all has had a bab ts a bo. hats great news.

Usuall ou can also use the past simple repaired the washing machine. ts working now.

Use the past simple (not the present perfect) for things that are not recent or new oart was a composer. e wrote more than pieces of music.

(not has been has written) mother grew up in tal. (not has grown)

ompare id ou know that somebod has invented a new tpe of washing machine Who invented the telephone (not has invented)

13tud this eample situation

en minutes later

he present perfect (something has happened) is a present tense. t alwas tells us about the situation now. om has lost his ke he doesnt have his ke now (see Unit 7).

he past simple (something happened) tells us onl about the past. f somebod sas om lost his ke this doesnt tell us whether he has the ke now or not. t tells us onl that he lost his ke at some time in the past.

o not use the present perfect if the situation now is different. ompare heve gone awa. hell be back on rida. (the are awa now)

he went awa but think there back at home now. (not heve gone) t has stopped raining now so we dont need the umbrella. (it isnt raining now)

t stopped raining for a while but now its raining again. (not t has stopped)

om is looking for his ke. e cant fi nd it.e has lost his ke. (present perfect)his means that he doesnt have his ke now.

ow om has found his ke. e has it now.Has he lost his ke o he has found it.Did he lose his ke es he did.e lost his ke (past simple)but now he has found it. (present perfect)

UnitExercises 1313.1 Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. Use the present perfect where possible.

Otherwise use the past simple.

13.2 Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong Correct them where necessar.1 Did you hear about Sue? Shes given up her job. OK2 My mother has grown up in Italy. grew ow many poems has illiam Shaespeare written? w Ive ut my fi nger. It s bleeding. Drugs have beome a big problem everywhere. ho has invented paper? here have you been born? llie isnt at home. Shes gone shopping. lbert instein has been the sientist who has developed the theory o relativity.

13.3 ut the verb into the correct form present perfect or past simple.1 It stopped raining or a while but now its raining again. it stop2 he town where I live is very dierent now. It has changed a lot. it hange I studied erman at shool but most o it now. I orget he polie three people but later they let them go. arrest hat do you thin o my nglish? Do you thin ? it improve re you still reading the paper? o with it. ou an have it. I fi nish or a job as a tourist guide but I wasnt suessul. I apply heres my bie? outside the house but its not there now. it be ui e need to all an ambulane. an aident. there be

1 ave you heard about en? his arm. he brea

1

2

I ant get in.I ve lost lose myey.

I meant to all you last nightbut I orget.

es I have a headahe but Imfi ne now.

re you ?

he ofi e is empty now.verybody go home.

elen go to gypt or a holiday but shes ba home in ngland now.

an you help us? ur ar

brea down.

Unit

A

B

Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did)

Compare:

Do not use the present perfect (I have done) when you talk about a fi nished time (for example,yesterday ten minutes ago in 2005 when I was a child) Use a past tense:

t was ery cold yesterday (not has been) Paul and ucy arrived ten minutes ago (not hae arried) Did you eat a lot of sweets when you were a child (not hae you eaten) got home late last night was ery tired and went straiht to bed

Use the past to ask When or What t ime : When did your friends arrive (not hae arried) What t ime did you fi nish work

Compare:

14

Present perfect om has lost his key e cant et

into the house s Carla here or has she left

Past simple om lost his key yesterday

e couldnt et into the house When did Carla leave

Present perfect (have done) Ive done a lot of work today

e use the present perfect for a period of time that continues until now or example:today this wee since 200

t hasnt rained this wee

ave you seen nna this morning (it is still mornin)

ave you seen im recent ly

dont know where isa is havent seen her ( haent seen her recently)

eve een wait ing for an hour (we are still waitin now)

ack lies in os neles e has lived there for seen years

have never layed olf (in my life)

Its the last day of your holiday. You say: ts een a really ood holiday

ve really enoyed it

Past simple (did) I did a lot of work yesterday

e use the past simple for a fi nished time in the past or example:yesterday last wee from 200 to 200

t didnt rain last wee

Did you see nna this morning (it is now afternoon or eenin)

Did you see im on unday

: Was isa at the party on unday : dont think so didnt see her

e waited (or were wait ing) for an hour (we are no loner waitin)

ack lived in ew ork for ten yearsow he lies in os neles

didnt lay olf last summer

After you come back from holiday you say: t was a really ood holiday really enoyed it

past now

todayunfi nished

past now

yesterdayunfi nished