Enterprise Architecture
Value Chain
Armstrong Process Group, Inc.www.aprocessgroup.com
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
MACC 2015
About APG
� APG’s mission is to
“Align information technology and systems engineering capabilities with business strategy using proven, practical
processes delivering world-class results.”
� Industry thought leader in enterprise architecture, business modeling, process improvement, systems and software engineering, requirements management, and agile
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MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
engineering, requirements management, and agile methods
� Member and contributor to� UML, SysML, SPEM, UPDM at the Object Management Group
(OMG)
� TOGAF, ArchiMate, IT4IT at The Open Group
� Eclipse Process Framework (EPF) at the Eclipse Foundation
� Business partners with Sparx, HP, and IBM
Context
� EA leadership needs to distill EA value proposition to
enterprise
� Most stakeholders care about EA outcomes, not EA
implementation
� However, EA leadership needs model for understanding what
needs to be implemented in order to deliver value
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MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
� Needs to support/integrate other business/IT value chains
� Such as Shop-Buy-Service-Claim and Plan-Build-Run
� EA capability improvement is challenging when there is no
“call to action”
� Requires cross-organization executive support
� Nobody cares until they understand “what’s in it for me?”
IT V
alu
e C
ha
in
Architecture Value Chain
EA-Enabled Business/IT Initiatives4
Understand Respond
Simplification v1.0 Simplification v2.0
Benchmarking
Bus Unit Planning
Program Architecture Planning
Analyze
Pla
n
Decide
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
Project Impact Assessment
Business Continuity
Technology Lifecycle Management
IRM
Program Architecture Delivery
Bu
ildR
un
Capability Definition
� TOGAF� “A business-focused outcome that is delivered by the completion of one or more work packages.”
� DoDAF� “The ability to achieve a Desired Effect under specified (performance) standards and conditions through combinations of ways and means (activities and resources) to perform a set of activities.”
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MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
activities.”
� BIZBOK� “A particular ability or capacity that a business may possess or exchange to achieve a specific purpose or outcome.”
� Open Group CBP Project� “A measurable capacity to employ resources to achieve desired outcomes or goals within a specified context (or under specified conditions).”
TOGAF 9 Architecture Content Metamodel6
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
DoDAF 2 Capability Context7
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
Fit-for-Purpose CBP Metamodel8
Capability Model
Value Stream
Capability
Name: text
Category: Capabil ity Category
Type: Capabil i ty Type
Current Maturity Level: Maturity Level
Current Performance Level: Performance Level
Future Maturity Level: Maturity Level
Future Performance Level: Performance Level
Investment Disposition: Investment Disposition
Ave Health Score: number
Ave Risk Score: number
«enumerati...
Capability
Category
Core
Supporting
Enabling
«enumeration»
Maturity Level
Initial (Level 1)
Managed (Level 2)
Standardized (Level 3)
Predictable (Level 4)
Innovating (Level 5)
«enumerati...
Performance
Level
Very Poor
Poor
Acceptable
Good
Very Good
«enumerati...
Investment
Disposition
Strategic
Maintain
Retire
«enumerati...
Capability Type
Competitive
Differentiating
Commodity
View APG CBP
UML Profile
Value Chain
«enumeration»
Application Operational
Status
Proposed
Rejected
Under Development
Developed
Operational
Being Decommissioned
*
has child capabil i ties
1
*
*
*
*
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
Ave Risk Score: number
Total Annual Cost: number
Application
Name: text
Health Score: number
Risk Score: number
Total Annual Cost: money
Investment Disposition: Investment Disposition
Operational Status: Application Operational Status
Proposed Date: date
Development Start Date: date
Operational Start Date: date
Decommissioning Start Date: date
Decomissioning End Date: date
Retired Date: date
Strategic Business Architecture
Operational Business Architecture
Application Architecture
Migration Planning
Architecture Domains
Being Decommissioned
Decommissioned
Process
Name: text
Requirement*
0..1
*
0..1
*
supports
*
*
0..1depends upon *
*
supports
*
Tailored Capability Definition
� An ability that an organization, person, or system
possesses.
� Capabilities are typically expressed in general and
high-level terms and typically require a combination of
organization, people, processes, and technology to
achieve.
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MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
achieve.
� A capability is WHAT a company needs to be able to do
to execute its business strategy
� Capabilities are represented as a catalog of things an
enterprise can do (ability) regardless of the governance or
how they are operationalized.
Capability Models
� Capability model is fundamentally a reference model
� EA capability model should represent things that architecture
practices and practitioners should/could do in real-world
� Capabilities are “things” – i.e. they have noun-like
names
Services are “behaviors” – i.e. they have active
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MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
� Services are “behaviors” – i.e. they have active
verb/noun-like names
� Fine-grained services can be composed/configured into
higher-level services
� Common practice is to contextualize the top-level of
capability model with a value chain
Capability Model Use Cases
� Analyze EA capability performance� Understand what EA capabilities need uplifting to support new strategic
initiatives and operational activities
� Create roadmaps for evolving EA practice� Associate conformance requirements for each capability as related to
multiple levels in a maturity model for assessing/improving maturity
� Create EA service portfolio
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MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
� Create EA service portfolio� Map EA services implemented by end-user organization to lowest level
capabilities
� Use as reference model for mapping to standards and tools� TOGAF 9.1 content for coverage and gap analysis
� Open CA conformance requirements
� ISO/IEC 15704/15288/42010
� Required tool capabilities and specific vendors’ implementations
EA Value Chain and Capability Map12
Domain Modeling
• Business Architecture
• Information Architecture
• Data Architecture
• Service Architecture
• Application Architecture
• Technology Architecture
Architectural Analysis
• Gap Analysis
• Impact Analysis
• Trade-off Analysis
• Affinity Analysis
Architecture Roadmapping
• Capability Roadmapping
• Operations Roadmapping
• Services Roadmapping
• Application Roadmapping
• Technology Roadmapping
Architecture Governance
• Architecture Risk Mgmt
• Architecture Compliance
Mgmt
• Architecture Asset Mgmt
• Architecture Process Mgmt
Understand Analyze RespondDecide
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
Requirements Elicitation
• Architecture Project
Scoping
• Architecture Stakeholder
Analysis
• Architecture Envisioning
Architecture Reporting
• Business Intelligence
Reporting
• Tabular Reporting
• Diagram Reporting
Architecture Planning
• Migration Planning
• Architecture Decision
Making
• Architecture Risk
Assessment
Architecture Lifecycle
Management
• Business Architecture
• Data Architecture
• Application Architecture
• Technology Architecture
Supporting Capabilities
Architecture Knowledge
Management
Architecture
Operations
Architecture
Delivery
Architecture
Integration
Architecture Human
Capital Management
EA Content Management
“Architecture-At-Rest”
EA Lifecycle Management
“Architecture-In-Motion”
EA Supporting Capabilities13
Arc
hit
ect
ure
Kn
ow
led
ge
Ma
na
ge
me
nt Architecture Modeling
• Current State Modeling
• Future State Modeling
• Architecture Metamodel Mgmt
• Architecture Viewpoints Mgmt
Architecture Reference Models
• Performance Reference Model
• Capability Reference Model
• Data Reference Model
• Service Reference Model
• Technology Reference Model
Architecture Requirements
Management
• Architecture
Requirements Definition
• Architecture
Requirements Monitoring
Reference Architectures
• Platform Reference
Architecture
• SOA Reference Architecture
• Cloud Reference Architecture
• Integration Reference
Architecture
Arc
hit
ect
ure
Op
era
tio
ns
Architecture Governance
• Architecture Principles
• Compliance Checklists
• Governance Processes
• Governance Structures
• Repository Governance
Architecture Change Management
• Business Environment Monitoring
• Technology Environment
Monitoring
• Repository Monitoring
• Governance Monitoring
• Performance Monitoring
Architecture Leadership
• Architecture Performance
Measurement
• Architecture Team
Management
Architecture Tool Mgmt
• Architecture Modeling Tools
• Architecture Reporting Tools
• Architecture Repository Tools
• Integration Tools
Arc
hit
ect
ure
Architecture Professional Services Architecture Project Support Architecture Method Architecture Best Practices
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
Arc
hit
ect
ure
De
liv
ery
Architecture Professional Services
• Architecture Tool Support
• Architecture Skills Training
• Architecture Tools Training
• Architecture Advisory Services
Architecture Project Support
• Architecture Project Initiation
• Architecture Project Monitoring
• Architecture Project Close-Out
Architecture Method
• Architecture
Development Method
• Standard Architecture
Deliverables
Architecture Best Practices
• Architecture Patterns
• Architecture Techniques
Arc
hit
ect
ure
Inte
gra
tio
n
Architecture Process Integration
• IT Service Management Integration
• Solution Delivery Integration
• Application Management Integration
• Portfolio Management Integration
• Project Management Integration
• Procurement Integration
Architecture Data Integration
• Technology Portfolio Integration
• Application Portfolio Integration
• Infrastructure Portfolio Integration
• Financial Reporting Integration
• Human Capital Integration
Organization Change
Management
• Architecture Liaison
Services
• Architecture
Communications
Arc
hit
ect
ure
Hu
ma
n
Ca
pit
al M
gm
t
Architect Onboarding
• Architecture Tool Provisioning
• Architecture Training Provisioning
• Architect Orientation
Architecture Skills Development
• Architecture Modeling Skills
• Architecture Decision Making Skills
• Architecture Thinking Skills
• Architecture Leadership Skills
• Architecture Mentoring Skills
Architecture Profession
• Architecture Profession
Management
• Architect Certification
• Architect Professional
Development
Capability Specification14
Capability Business Architecture Modeling
Parent Capability Architecture Modeling Value Chain Step Understand
Services •Create Business Capability Model
•Create Organization Structure Model
•Create Business Process Model
•Create Business Function Model
•Establish Architecture Traceability
Processes •Business Architecture Modeling Process v1.2
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
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People Responsible Business Architect
Approve Capability Manager, Process Owner
Consult Subject Matter Experts
Inform Business Unit Vice President
Tools • Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect
KPIs # of Models Created, # of Models Used for Impact Analysis
Related Capabilities Current State Modeling, Metamodel Mgmt, Viewpoint Mgmt,
Modeling Tool Mgmt, Reporting, Modeling Skills, Tool Training
Capability Heat Map – TOGAF 9 Coverage15
Understand Analyze Decide Respond
Domain Modeling
Requirements
Elicitation
Architectural
Analysis
Architecture
Reporting
Architecture
Roadmapping
Architecture
Planning
Architecture
Governance
Architecture
Lifecycle
Management
Low
Medium
High
Legend
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
Management
Support
Architecture
Knowledge
Management
Architecture
Operations
Architecture
Delivery
Architecture
Integration
Architecture
Human Capital
Management
Business Process Maturity16
• Success in these organizations depends on competence and heroics of people
• Not on use of proven processes
Level 1: InitialFire-fighting Management
• Create a management foundation within each work unit or project
Level 2: ManagedWork Unit Management
• Establish and use common organizational process infrastructure and associated process assetsLevel 3: Standardized
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
infrastructure and associated process assets
• Achieve consistency in how organization performs work to provide products and services
Level 3: Standardized Process Management
• Manage and exploit the capability of the organizational process infrastructure and associated process assets
• Achieve predictable results with controlled variation
Level 4: PredictableCapability Management
• Continuously improve processes and resulting products and services
• Defect and problem prevention, continuous capability management, and planned innovative improvements
Level 5: InnovatingChange Management
Object Management Group
Business Process Maturity Model
Architecture Maturity Level Requirements17
Capability Architecture Decision Making
Parent Capability Architecture Planning Value Chain Step Strategize
Driver Simplification, Technology Lifecycle Management
Level 1
Initial
Level 2
Managed
Level 3
Standardized
Level 4
Predictable
Level 5
Innovating
• Architecture decisions
are implicitly made by
project team
• Architecture decisions
are not documented
• Architecture decision
making is assigned as a
responsibility to project
architect
• Architecture decisions
• Criteria for determining
architecturally-significant
are documented
• Architecture decisions are
formally documented in
• Architecture decisions are
managed in enterprise
repository
• Architecture decisions are
traced to architecture
• Architecture decisions
explicitly tied to business
outcomes
• Efficacy of architecture
decisions are monitored
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
are not documented
• No criteria exist to
determine what
decisions are
architecturally-
significant
• No project roles are
specified to be
responsible for
architecture decisions
• Architecture decisions
are explicitly made by
project architect
• Architecture decisions
are informally
documented in project
deliverables
formally documented in
project deliverables in a
standard form
• Architecture decisions are
recorded with at least two
different alternatives
• Architecture decisions are
supported by documented
rationale
traced to architecture
principles
• Architecture decisions are
traced to the architecture
elements for which the
decisions are being made
• Architecture decisions
implicitly tied to business
outcomes
decisions are monitored
over time
Current Maturity Level 2 (Managed) Future Level 3 (Standardized)
Related Capabilities Architecture Analysis, Architecture Skills Development, Architecture
Method, Architecture Onboarding, Architecture Governance
Capability Heat Map – Current Maturity Level18
Understand Analyze Decide Respond
Domain Modeling
Requirements
Elicitation
Architectural
Analysis
Architecture
Reporting
Architecture
Roadmapping
Architecture
Planning
Architecture
Governance
Architecture
Lifecycle
Management
Initial
Managed
Standardized
Predictable
Innovating
Legend
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
Management
Support
Architecture
Knowledge
Management
Architecture
Operations
Architecture
Delivery
Architecture
Integration
Architecture
Human Capital
Management
EA Service Catalog19
Service Description Service Scope Readiness Level EA Capability
Service GroupService Name Plan Build Run
Service
Blueprint Toolkit Repository Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Enterprise
Architecture
Professional
Development
Provide EA Modeling Coaching X X X 100 100 100 Support Human Capital MgmtArch Skills
Development
Provide EA Skills/Tools Training X X X 100 100 100 Support Human Capital MgmtArch Skills
Development
Provide TOGAF Certification Training X X X 100 100 100 Support Human Capital MgmtArch Profession
Mgmt
Maintain EA Knowledge base (EA-BOK) X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Knowledge Mgmt
EA Repository
Support and
Governance
Govern EA Content (measure/report on
completeness, correctness, currency)X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Governance
Define and Maintain Meta-Model X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Knowledge Mgmt Arch Modeling
Configure tools (RSA, COGNOS, Tableau) X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Tool Mgmt
Customize and Extend EA Tools (macros, add-
ins)X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Tool Mgmt
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
Governance ins)X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Tool Mgmt
Manage EA Content (data upload, data quality,
data cleansing)X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Governance
Manage EA Repository Users X X X 100 100 100 Support Human Capital Mgmt Arch Onboarding
EA Analysis
Services
Analyze Dependencies X X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch AnalysisDependency
Analysis
Analyze Data Flow X X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Data Flow Analysis
Analyze Impact X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Impact Analysis
Analyze Gap X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Gap Analysis
Analyze Duplications/Redundancy X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch AnalysisRedundancy
Analysis
Analyze Operational Risk X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Risk Analysis
Provide Application Portfolio Insights X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Portfolio Analysis
Provide Capability View of App Portfolio X X 100 100 100 Analyze Arch Analysis Capability Analysis
EA Practice /
Capability
Management
Market & Brand EA Practice X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Integration Org Change Mgmt
Manage EA Adoption Roadmap X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Integration Org Change Mgmt
Manage EA Toolkit & Services portfolio X X X 100 100 100 Support Arch Operations Arch Leadership
Conclusions
� Value chains and capability models are emerging as
industry standard best practices for planning,
improving, and monitoring enterprise investments
� As these are things that are good for the business, we
should internalize them when thinking about how we
improve and uplift our architecture practice
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MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
improve and uplift our architecture practice
� As the architecture profession advances and matures,
understanding common activities all architects perform
becomes more important
21
Q&A
Thanks for your attention
and participation!
http://www.aprocessgroup.com
MACC 2015 – Enterprise Architecture Value Chain
Copyright © 1998-2015 Armstrong Process Group, Inc., All rights reserved
and participation!