Environmental Architecture

8/3/2019 Environmental Architecture

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EnvironmentalArchitecture

For

Eco-housing inMumbaiRoshni Udyavar

H.O.D.,

Rachana Sansads Institute of Environmental Architecture

17 June 2006, MCGM Committee Hall


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What is Environmental

Architecture?Arch i tec t u re tha t reduces the impac t on the env i ronm ent &

sust a ins t he ec o syst e m of w hic h i t is a par t

A hol i s t i c approach t o des ign w h ich in tegra tes ra ther than

e li m in ate s th e el eme nts t h at l in k b ui lt f o rms t o t h ei r

env i ronment

A ims t o c reat e a se l f -sus ta inable un it w h ich has a m in imized

eco log ica l foo t p r int

Creates bu i ld ings w h ich are leas t de t r iment a l to t he nat ura l

ec osys tem and soc ia l fabr ic c ons idering hydro-geology,

ve et a t ion fauna soi l env i ronm ent a nd soc ia l ec o lo


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Basic Paradigms of Ecological Architecture

Cl imat e Sens it i ve Arch i t ec t u re

Energy Ef f ic ient Design

Preservat ion o f Nat ura l Ec osyst em s

Use of Renew able Energy

Wat er Resource Managem ent

Use of Ec o-fr iendly m at er ia ls

Ec olog ica l Landscape Design

Sol id Wast e Managem ent Heal t hy Indoor Envi ronm ent


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Cl imate Sens i t i ve Arch i t ec t u re is a response to t he c l ima t e

Based on analysis of climate zone and

micro-climate needs

Based on attaining comfort level inbio-climatic chart

Identification of Passive design elements

such as walls, openings, roofs, etc. & the

use of appropriate technology & materials

Preparing Passive design strategies

heating, cooling, ventilation, humidification/

dehumidificationImp l i ca t ions

Reduced energy costs and loads during

active life of building

Thermal comfort of occupants

Reduced impact (heat island )on the external environment


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Cl imat e Sens it i ve Arch i t ec t u re Analys is tec hn iques inc lude

Sun dial or sun-path diagram - shading

Solar radiation external heat gain

Wind rose & wind square - ventilation

Climate response matrix sun and wind

Bio-climatic chart

Occupancy

Lux levels

Internal heat gain


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The 540,000 sq. ft headquarters of the ING bank in Amsterdam is a seriesof interconnected towers which do not use conventional air conditioning. It relies primarilyon passive cooling with back-up absorption chillers. The building uses less than a tenth theenergy of its predecessor and a fifth that of a conventional new office building inAmsterdam. The annual energy savings are approximately $2.9 million from features that

added roughly $700,000 to the construction cost of the buildingand were paid back inthree months.


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The roof of the Kabra house in Jaipur which recirculates waste water through the roof slabdoes not require conventional cooling it is a passive cooled house


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Materials with low embodied energy

Materials that contain recycledcontent or are recyclable

Local or rapidly renewable material

Non-toxic/Low Toxic Materials

Imp l i ca t ions

Reduce the release of GHGs

Safeguard health of occupants Reduced impact on the external environment

Use of Ec o-fr iendly m at er ia ls

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

WATER CONSERVATION

INDOOR AIR QUALITY

AFFORDABILITY

DURABILITY

Reuse of industrial & other

waste materials

Non-polluting manufacturing

process


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Use of Ec o-f r iend ly m at er ials : a few exam ples

Fly Ash:nearly 100mt produced annually has occupied nearly

75,000 acres for past 30 years can be blended with cement up to 40%

Recycled plastic or post-industrial waste can be used as excellent

insulating materials for flooring and roofing

Use of municipal solid waste as a building material

Alternatives to cement & concrete include masonry cement, blast

furnace slag cement, fly ash cement and fiber-reinforced compositecement

Light-weight, weather resistant and rigid, sisal based composite

panels with polyester resin which can be used for wall partitions

Organic materials can be use of wood composites, bagasse and coir

based boards and tiles.


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Use of Ec o-f r iend ly m at er ials : a few ex amples

The entire 40-truck load of debris from an existing building in Dahisar, Mumbai, is being

recycled to generate 50,000 bricks for the new structure: implying no debris goes todumping ground, no pollution and use of top soil involved in conventional bricks


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Use of Renew able Energy Resourc es

Imp l i ca t ions

Reduce dependence on fossil fuels

Reduce the emission of Green house gases

& thus the threat of global warming

Pollution and emission-free

Fuel cells and hydrogen

Solar thermal for water heating

Solar Photo Voltaic for electricity

Wind & hybrid systems

Geothermal, tidal, micro-hydel energy


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The use of solar water heating for a ongoing building in Andheri consisting of 152

tenements at 25,000 lpd, is Rs. 35 lakhs will lead to savings in electrical energy to the tuneof 4,36,046.51 units and Rs. 19,62,209.3 at Rs. 4.50 per unit.


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A building with integrated photovoltaic system in Santa Monica, USA


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Ec olog ica l landscaping

Imp l i ca t ions

Prevention of soil erosion & subsequent

ecological devastations

Protection of native, indigenous species of vegetation

Including water shed, waste and watermanagement

Based on knowledge of topography,

drainage, geology as well as flora and

fauna of the region

Bo-biologue: passive design with trees

Protection of soil and vegetation

Long term ecological sustainability of the bio-region


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Ec olog ica l landscaping

Geology, hydrology, vegetation, soil erosion, conservation of local fauna, were

some of the key considerations in the revitalization plan for charlotte lakeprepared by students of Rachana Sansad


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Wat er Resources Management

Roof-top rainwater harvesting

Water shed management

Water recycling through non-

conventional biological methods suchas DEWATS & Reed-bed system orLIVING MACHINES

Imp l i ca t ions

Water conservation using efficient

equipments

Restore natures hydrological cycle

Recharge ground water and under-

ground acquifers

Prevent ground water contamination & pollution


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Neelkant Apartments in Worli collects has the facility to harvest 10,000 liters of

rainwater per day, the overflow of which recharges an existing bore wellwhich now provides self-sufficient flushing water supply for the building


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Water shed management using simple techniques such as drum dams and

continuous contour trenches have shown considerable increase in water yieldand rejuvenation of vegetation in Kachegati, Aurangabad


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Nearly four lakh liters of sewage is treated using reed beds and aquatic plants

for gardening and water a golf course in Mumbai


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The public security building at Santa Monica, USA, recycles sewage water

in an innovative way as a public fountain. The building also uses passivedesign


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Sol id w aste m anagement

Segregation of organic, dry and

hazardous waste

Composting organic waste usingtechniques such as vermicomposting,organic composting and city farming

Recycling of dry waste such as plastic,glass, aluminum, steel and paper

Imp l i ca t ions Better health and hygienic surrounds

Production of bio gas to be used for

cooking and lighting

Free inputs in the form of organic fertilizer

Conservation of precious resources

Utilization of a greenhouse gas alternative for conventional energy


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Sol id w aste m anagement

The 5 ton capacity biogas plant at shatabdi hospital maintained by Stree

Mukti Sanghatana produces 10 15 kg of Methane gas which is used by thehospital canteen


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Some more concepts in green buildings

Green Roofs

The green roof atop Schipol Amsterdam International Airport, replaces the

net concrete surface of the structure, breeds faunal habitat and acts as anatural insulation


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Some more concepts in green buildings

Cit y/ Terrac e farm ing

The concept of city farming developed at the BPT canteen utilizes all the

organic waste directly to grow plants, a technique developed by Dr. R. T.Doshi, whose 1200 sq. ft. terrace in Bandra yields 5 kg of vegetables and

fruits daily for 300 days


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Environmental and Economic Benefits of Green design

Enhance and p ro tec t ec osystem s

Im prove ai r , w at er qua li t y qua li ty o f l i fe

Reduce sol id and l iquid w aste

Cons erv e nat u ra l res ourc e s for a sus t ain able f ut u re

Reduce ope ra t i ng cos ts

Op t im ize l i f e-cyc le economic pe rformance


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Why Eco-housing for

Mumbai?

Mi l l lands, s lum redeve lopment , e t c . have led to t he rap id

dest ruc t ion o f the env i ronment and shrink ing o f green zones

Bui ld ings c onsume 40% of our energy, 20% of our w at er , and

near ly 35% o f l andf i l l w as te . The m anu fac t u re o f c onvent ional

bu ild ing m ater ia ls a lso c ont r ibu te t o po l lu t ion


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Mum bai l ik e m ost c i t ies has a l inear m et a food, w at er

and ot h

bo lism

er p roduc t s a re tu rned in to w as te

Why Eco-housing for

Mumbai?

The ec o log ic a l foot p r in t i s near ly 40 t im es tha t o f a v il l age in

Ind ia


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Why Eco-housing for

Mumbai?

Ris ing hea l th c ost s &

low er qua l it y o f l i fe

St andard g lass

fa ade bu i ld ings

w h ich o ft en make i t s

inhab i tan t s sick and

less p roduct ive

Cont r ibu te t o the

heat is land ef fec t


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Why Eco-housing for

Mumbai?

Cement m anufac t ure

g ives out la rge

amount s o f carbon diox ide w h ic h is a

m ajor green house

gas lead ing to g loba l

wa r m i n g

As resourc es dec l ine,

t hei r marke t va lue

increases


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Civilization did not leave stone age becausewe ran out of stones. Progress past the stoneage was possible when better tools wereinvented that were made of bronze alloys

- Roy McCalister

E h i f M b i


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Eco-housing for Mumbai

Let us bring about the dawn of a

sustainable civilization

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