ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT - World …...1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the Project 1 1.2...

DANANG DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC WORKS DANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT

MANAGEMENT UNIT (PIIP-PMU)

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

DANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT

PHASE 1 (DRAFT FINAL)

Danang, December 2007

E1727 V4

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DANANG DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC WORKS DANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT MANAGEMENT

UNIT (PIIP-PMU)

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

DANANG PRIORITY INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT PROJECT PHASE 1

(DRAFT FINAL)

CLIENT:

PREPARED BY: SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT JOINT STOCK COMPANY (SECO)

Danang, December 2007

Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project EA report – Phase 1

Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) i

TABLE OF CONTENT

Summary 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background of the Project 1

1.2 Objectives of the project 1

1.3 Environmental impact assessment of the project 1 2 PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND PHASING 2 3 SUMMARY EA FOR PHASE 1 4

3.1 Description of Phase 1 activities 4

3.1.1 Component A – Urban Upgrading 4

3.1.2 Component B – Environmental Management 4

3.1.3 Component D – Institutional Development 4

3.2 Project setting and baseline data 5

3.2.1 Project location 5

3.2.2 Natural condition at project areas 5

3.2.3 Socio-economic condition 6

3.3 Predicted potential environmental impacts 7

3.4 Cultural properties 23

3.5 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 23

3.5.1 Mitigation Measures 23

3.5.2 Environmental Monitoring Program 23

3.5.3 Project Organization for Environmental Management 25

3.5.4 Capacity Development and Training 25

3.5.5 Budget Requirements for Environmental Management, Mitigation and Monitoring 25 4 Public consultation and disclosure 26 Chapter 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1

1.1 Background of the project 1

1.2 Objectives of the project 1

1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment for phase 1 1

1.4 Project setting and baseline data of the city 2 1.4.1 Project location 2 1.4.2 Baseline data of the city 2 Chapter 2 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION 1

2.1 Environmental Management 1

2.2 Environmental Laws and Standards related to the project 1

2.3 World Bank safeguard policies to be addressed in the EA 2

2.4 Environmental Assessment implementation 3 Chapter 3 PHASE 1 ACTIVITIES 1

3.1 Component A – Urban Upgrading 1 3.1.1 Tertiary infrastructure upgrading in LIAs 1 3.1.2 Resettlement Housing Areas 4

3.2 Component B – Environmental management 6 3.2.1 Improvement of Phu loc river 6 3.2.2 Related primary and secondary drainage for LIAs 7 Chapter 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT 1


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) ii

4.1 Introduction 1

4.2 Positive impacts 1

4.3 Environmental impacts of Component A 1 4.3.1 Environmental impacts of Sub-component A1 – Upgrading LIAs 1 4.3.2 Environmental impacts of Sub-component A2 – Resettlement Housing Areas 4

4.4 Environmental impacts of Component B - Environmental Management 6 4.4.1 Impacts by Sub-component B1 – Phu Loc river environmental improvement 6 4.4.2 Impacts by Sub-component B2 – Primary and Secondary Main Drainage for LIAs 18

4.5 Impacts to cultural properties 20 Chapter 5 ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT 1

5.1 Without the project situation 1

5.2 Alternatives for phase 1 activities 1 Chapter 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 3

6.1 Mitigation measures 3 6.1.1 General principles 3 6.1.2 Generic mitigation measures 4 6.1.3 Specific mitigation measures for dredging, transporting and disposal of sediment from Phu Loc River 18 6.1.4 Mitigation measures for preventing accidental landslide of Phu Loc river banks 20 6.1.5 Mitigation measures during operation phase 20 6.1.6 Mitigation impact to cultural property 21

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 22 6.2.1 Environmental monitoring program 22 6.2.2 Project performance indicators 22 6.2.3 Monitoring implementation of mitigation measures 22 6.2.4 Community environmental management plan (CEMP) 23 6.2.5 Overall regulatory monitoring 23

6.3 Project organization for environmental management 26 6.3.1 Project management unit (PMU) 26 6.3.2 Community Supervision Board (CSB) 27 6.3.3 Construction management consultant (CMC) 28 6.3.4 Independent Safeguard Monitoring Consultant (ISMC) 28 6.3.5 Contingency Plan 29

6.4 Capacity development and training 31

6.5 Budget requirement for environmental management, mitigation and monitoring 33 Chapter 7 PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE 1

7.1 Recommendations of Ward People’s Committee and Fatherland Front 1

7.2 Recommendations of affected people 1 7.2.1 Results of the first consultation 2 7.2.2 Results of the second public consultation 2

7.3 Public dislosure 3


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) iii

LIST OF TABLES Summary Table 2-1 Components and Phasing of the Project..................................................................................... 3 Table 3-1 Summary of Potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component 1: Upgrading

LIA............................................................................................................................................. 8 Table 3-2 Summary of potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component 2: Resettlement

Areas construction.................................................................................................................... 13 Table 3-3 Summary of potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component 3: Phu Loc River

Environmental Improvement ................................................................................................... 15 Table 3-4 Summary of environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component 4: Primary and Secondary

Main Drainage for LIAs........................................................................................................... 20 Table 4-5. Table of annual Environmental Monitoring Plan..................................................................... 23 Table 3-6. Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD)................................................... 25 Table 1-1 Danang area, average population and density of population...................................................... 8 Table 1-2 GDP structure of Danang (%) .................................................................................................. 11 Table 2-1 National Standards on Water Quality......................................................................................... 1 Table 2-2 National Standards of Noise....................................................................................................... 2 Table 2-3 National Standars on Air Quality ............................................................................................... 2 Table 2-4 List of personnel......................................................................................................................... 3 Table 3-1 Scale of sub-components in LIAs – Phase 1 .............................................................................. 1 Table 3-2 Summary of construction quantity in RAs ................................................................................. 5 Table 3-3 Main investment items of Phu Loc river .................................................................................... 7 Table 3-4 Primary and secondary drainage for LIAs.................................................................................. 7 Table 4-1 Summary of Potential environmental impacts ........................................................................... 2 Table 4-2 Summary of Potential environmental impacts ........................................................................... 4 Table 4-3 Estimated volume and pollutant loads from RAs....................................................................... 7 Table 4-4 Quality of dredged sediment in Phu Loc river ......................................................................... 11 Table 4-5 Grain size of dredged sediment from Phu Loc river ................................................................ 11 Table 4-6 Sludge standards....................................................................................................................... 12 Table 6-1 General responsibilities of each stakeholders for implementing EMP.... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 6-2 Summary of Potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component 1: Upgrading

LIA............................................................................................................................................. 5 Table 6-3 Summary of potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component 2: Resettlement

Areas construction.................................................................................................................... 11 Table 6-4 Summary of potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component 3: Phu Loc River

Environmental Improvement ................................................................................................... 13 Table 6-5 Summary of environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component 4: Primary and Secondary

Main Drainage for LIAs........................................................................................................... 16 Table 6-6 Summary mitigation measures for sludge management........................................................... 19 Table 6-7 Table of annual Environmental Monitoring Plan..................................................................... 23 Table 6-8 Environmental Training Program............................................................................................. 32 Table 10-2 Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD)................................................. 33

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Danang position map ................................................................................................................ 1 Figure 1-2 TSP in project areas (mg/m3) ................................................................................................... 2 Figure 1-3 Value of COD and BOD in Phu Loc river after years. ............................................................. 4 Figure 1-4 Water quality of Phu Loc river during ebb tide, 5/2007 ........................................................... 5 Figure 1-5 Sampling location map ............................................................................................................. 7 Figure 1-6 Areas of proper exploiting of ecosystems and organism resources inshore Danang coast ..... 13 Figure 3-1 Location map of project areas for phase 1 ................................................................................ 3 Figure 3-2 Plan of Phu Loc river and access roads..................................................................................... 8 Figure 4-1 Phu Loc river outlet ................................................................................................................ 18 Figure 6-1 Project Organizational Structure for Environmental Management......................................... 26 Figure 6-2 Map of Monitoring location.................................................................................................... 25


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) iv

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

ORGANIZATIONS CPC City People’s Committee

CMC Construction Management Consultant CSB Community supervision Board DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment

DTPW Department of Transportation and Public Works

MOC Ministry of Construction

MOF Ministry of Finance

MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

MOSTE Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment

MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment

NGO Non Governmental Organization

PMU Project Management Unit

URENCO Urban Environment Company

WB, the Bank The World Bank

WHO World Health Organization

OTHERS

BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BP Bank Procedures CIP, CIPR Construction Investment Project Report EA Environmental Assessment ECOP Environmental code of Practices EG Environmental Guideline EMP Environmental Management Plan FS Feasibility Study GOV Government of Vietnam HDPE High Density Polyethylene HH Households LIA Low Income Area O&M Operations and Maintenance OD Operational Directives OP Operational Procedures PAP Project Affected People PIIP Priority Infrastructure Investment Project PIP Project Implementation Plan Pre-FS Pre Feasibility Study PS Pumping Station PSP Private Sector Participation RA Resettlement Area RAP Resettlement Action Plan ROW Right of Way SS Suspended Solids SW Solid Waste SWM Solid Waste Management TOR Terms of Reference


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) v

VAT Value Added Tax WWTP Waste water treatment plant UNITS USD or US$ United States Dollar VND Vietnamese Dong M Meters Cm Centimeters Mm Millimeters km Kilometers L Liter m3 cubic meters t Ton kg Kilogram ha Hectare Phuong ward

Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project Environmental Assessment Report – Phase 1

Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) ES-1

SUMMARY

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Project

Danang is centre of politics, economy and culture in Central Vietnam, besides, it is one of the important gateways to the sea for the central highland areas including Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. By the end of 2005, Danang has total area of 1,256.54 km2 and total population of 781,023 residents.

In contrast to the rapid economic growth, the current situation of environmental sanitation is poor. The city faces challenges in: ensuring productive employment and basic services for new residents (both migrants and internal population growth); dealing with the legacy of under-investment; mitigating the risk of environmental degradation and traffic congestion; and, better operation of industrial zones and improvement in FDI.

Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project (PIIP) was approved at the decision no 31/QD-TTg dated 10/01/2007 by the Prime Minister on the project and program list asking for the WB fund period 2007-2010 including Danang PIIP with an IDA amount expected to be about 100,000,000 USD. The project is an interdisciplinary infrastructure investment activity aiming to reduce poverty and promote economic development in accordance with the city’s Development Orientation as well as Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS).

1.2 Objectives of the project

The objectives of the projects are to:

- Urban poverty alleviation through upgrading of technical infrastructure, environmental condition and improvement in living condition of the urban poor;

- Improvement of environmental condition in polluted areas relating to waste water, sewerage issues;

- Enhancement of economic growth through investment in development of strategic infrastructure, implementation of improvements and technical assistance to create an attractive investment climate;

- Gradual adaptation to urban development planning; - Socialization in process of planning, programming and implementing investment in urban

infrastructure upgrading through participatory technical solutions, human resources and fund contribution;

- Promotion in participatory project preparation, implementation and management in order to satisfactorily meet people’ demand;

- Provision of support to institution and enhancement in management capacity to City’s administration authorities.

1.3 Environmental impact assessment of the project

Environmental assessment of the Project was prepared according to Vietnamese Law on Environmental Protection 2005, Decree No. 80/ND-CP dated Aug 9, 2007, and the World Bank safeguard policies OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment and OP 4.11 on Physical Cultural Resources.



The project is devided into 2 phases, phase 1 and phase 2. The Construction Investment Project (CIP) report for phase 1 has been prepared. The detailed design for phase 1 has been prepared in early stage of project preparation, righ after completing of CIP report. The CIP report and detailed design of phase 2’s components will be prepared during implementation of phase 1.

To meet requirements of both GoV and the WB, the environmental assessment has been prepared and phased coresspondingly to project’s phasing. The EA documentation provides an overview of environmental conditions in the project areas for all phases and specifies guidance to the preparation of EA documentation for phase 2. The environmental documentation is including;

- Volume 1: Executive summary of Environmental Assessment for 2 phases - Volume 2: Environmental Assessment for phase 1. EA report for phase 1 includes: 1)

Project description, 2) EIA for phase 1, 3) EMP for phase 1, 4) Public Disclosure and Consultation. The report was prepared and submitted to the DONRE and the WB during project apraisal.

- Volume 3: Environmental Guideline (EG) for phase 2. The EA documents for Phases 2 will be prepared during project implemention in accordance with the Environmental Frame Works as in Environmental Guideline. The EA for phase 2 will be prepared during preparation of the CIP report. EA reports for phase 2 shall be submitted to DONRE and the WB for clearance. The clearance process is also detailed in the EG.

- Generally, the environmental impact assessment for all phases consists of 2 parts; (i) generic impact assessment and (ii) site specific environmental impact assessments. The mitigation measures were also proposed for generic mitigation measures, refered as Environemental Code of Practice (ECOP) and site specific mitigation measure. The environmental codes of practice give mitigation measures for generic impacts of project activities during construction and operation. The environmetal codes of practice shall be used as operation standards for contractors. Site specific environmental assessments give impact assessments and mitigation measures for major impacts created by project activities.

- The major concern during design of the PIIP is wastewater treatment to meet city’s master plan as well as environmental standards in the future, ie. in next 30-50 years. A secondary treatment study will be carried out to deal with this issue, in which different alternatives for secondary treatment such as construction of secondary WWTP will be carefully analyzed and considered. Environmental assessments for each alternative will also be carried out to help dicision makers choosing the right option.

2 PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND PHASING

Danang PIIP is a multi-sector project with 4 main components, including;

• Component A: Urban upgrading (Infrastructure upgrading for low income areas) – This component will help upgrading tertiary infrastructure for low-income areas, provide resettlement housing and a micro-finance for housing improvements.

• Component B: Environmental Management – This component will invest in improving environmental condition, including flood control, construction of drainage trunks, wastewater collection as well as wastewater treatment works.

• Component C: Roads and bridges for economic development – This component will provide new roads to enhance economic growth.

• Component D: Institutional development – This Component assists in enhancing the performance efficiency of the City’s departments and sectors in the implementation of the Socio-Economic Development Plan, period 2006 – 2010 and improving quality of infrastructure services.



The Project investment is divided into 2 phases: Phase 1 and Phase 2. Detailed phasing of the projects is presented in the table below.

Table 2-1 Components and Phasing of the Project

COMPONENT PHASE 1 PHASE 2 TOTAL A Component A 19,070,740 40,934,213 60,004,9531 Works 11,671,263 11,315,356 22,986,619a Upgrading 4 nrs LIA 2,441,417b Resettlement Areas - 3 nrs 9,229,846c Upgrading 10 nrs LIA 11,315,3562 Works Related 6,234,860 16,184,000 22,414,660a Housing Improvements 1,000,000 1,000,000b Resettlement - Compensation 4,888,860 16,000,000 20,888,860c Environmental Management Plan 41,800 134,000 175,800d Public Disclosures and Promotional 300,000 50,000 350,0003 Consultancy 1,168,817 13,434,857 14,603,674a EIA and RAP Phase 2 200,000 200,000b Detailed Design Phase 2 - Component A, B and C 4,680,000 4,680,000c Construction Supervision - Component A, B and C 1,168,817 8,364,857 9,533,674d Technical Studies 190,000 190,000

B Component B 10,399,948 50,753,166 61,153,1141 Works 8,673,294 48,105,192 56,778,486a External Drainage and Water Supply to LIAs 685,615 2,517,075 3,202,690b Phu Loc River Improvements 7,987,679 7,987,679c Phu Loc River Outlet Sand Deposition 0 1,500,125 1,500,125d Primary Drainage Improvements 6,791,643 6,791,643e Wastewater System Expansion and Rehabiliation 22,362,279 22,362,279

fWastewater Treatment and Disposal - NW and South 14,934,070 14,934,070

2 Goods 550,000 0 550,000a Sewer Cleansing Equipment 550,000 550,0003 Works Related 1,176,654 2,647,974 3,824,628a Resettlement - Compensation 1,176,654 2,647,974 3,824,628

C Component C 100,000 89,720,474 89,820,4741 Works 84,602,474 84,602,474a Nguyen Tri Phuong Road and Bridges 59,120,974 59,120,974b Danang South Road and Bridge 25,481,500 25,481,5002 Works Related 100,000 5,118,000 5,218,000a Resettlement - Compensation 4,848,000 4,848,000b Mine Clearance 100,000 270,000 370,000

D Component D 3,814,500 350,000 4,164,5001 Pilot GIS Establishment 485,000 0 485,0002 Techncial Assistance 739,500 739,5003 Training 430,000 430,0004 Equipments 395,000 395,0005 Study Tours 165,000 165,0006 City Master Plan 2027 1,000,000 1,000,0007 Audit and Monitoring 600,000 350,000 950,000

TOTAL 33,385,188 181,757,853 215,143,041

Project Management Costs 1.5% 500,778 2,726,368 3,227,146

GRAND TOTAL 33,885,966 184,484,220 218,370,187



3 SUMMARY EA FOR PHASE 1 3.1 Description of Phase 1 activities 3.1.1 Component A – Urban Upgrading

In this phase, 4 Low Income Areas (LIA) will be upgraded and 3 Resettlement Areas (RA) will be constructed. The component A includes the following sub-component/ activities:

Sub-component A1 – Upgrading LIA

• Upgrading Thanh Khe 1 and Xuan Hoa A LIA, Hoa Khe Ward, Thanh Khe District, the total upgrading area is some 34.88 ha, the proposed upgrading items are road system, lighting system, drainage system and water supply;

• Upgrading Thanh Khe 5 LIA, Thanh Khe Dong Ward, Thanh Khe District, the total upgrading area is some 9.92 ha, the proposed upgrading items are roads, drainage sewers, public lighting system, water supply system and play ground;

• Upgrading Chau Thanh LIA, Nam Duong Ward, Hai Chau District, the total upgrading area is some 4.08 ha, the proposed upgrading items are road system, lighting system, drainage system, water supply and Ma Voi market;

• Upgrading Trung Tam LIA, Hai Chau 2 Ward, Hai Chau District, the total upgrading area is some 2.19ha, the proposed upgrading items are roads, tertiary drainage system, water supply system, public lighting.

Sub-component A2 – Resettlement Housing Areas

• Constructing Hoa Minh – Hoa Khanh resettlement area with total area of some 4.25 ha; • Constructing Hoa Quy resettlement area, Ngu Hanh Son District with total area of some

5.9 ha; • Constructing Thanh Khe Tay resettlement area with area of 5.18ha.

3.1.2 Component B – Environmental Management

The main items under this Component in Phase 1 including the following sub-component/ activities;

Sub-component B1 – Phu Loc River Environmental Improvement

• Improving environment of the Phu Loc river, including dredging, transportation and disposal of dredged sludge, construction of protective embankment, road and wastewater collection system on both sides of the river, lighting system and trees to create landscape in the area. Total length of upgraded section is some 2km.

Sub-component B2 – Primary and Secondary Main Drainage for LIAs

• Constructing related primary and secondary drainage sewers for 4 proposed low income areas with total length of some 2.2km.

3.1.3 Component D – Institutional Development

Component D is divided into 4 sub-components, including;

- Sub-Component A: Urban Planning and Capital Investment Planning. - Sub-Component B: Urban Infrastructure Services Management.



- Sub-Component C: Land and Housing Management. - Sub-Component D: Municipal Financial Management.

3.2 Project setting and baseline data 3.2.1 Project location

Danang lies on the coordinates of 15055’22’’ Northern latitude and from 107018’20’’ to 108020’ Eastern meridian. The city is bordered by Thua Thien Hue Province in the North, Quang Nam Province in the South and West and South China Sea in the East.

3.2.2 Natural condition at project areas

Danang has typically tropical monsoon climate, the annually average temperature is above 250Cand annual average humidity is 82%. There are two obvious seasons in Danang including rainy season from August to December and dry season from January to July. Tidal regime of Danang sea is diurnal tide and irregular half-diurnal tide.

a. Air quality at project areas

The projects areas are mainly affected by high concentration of suspended particulates, the tested TSP values range from 5.1 to 49.2 mg/m3. These are many times higher than that of Vietnamese standards, especially at inner city roads such as Ong Ich Khiem road and Nguyen Hoang road. Noise in residential and suburban areas are still low, except at traffic roads, tested noise varies from 52 to 84 dBA. Other emissions such as NO2, SO2, CO are still below standards. However, residents at low income areas and along Phu Loc river has been affected by odor, in which the most affected areas are those close to existing city outlet such as at Phu Loc bridge or at Hoa Khe outlet.

The air condition in RAs has been polluted by dust, other parameter are below standard, except the CxHy concentration at Thanh Khe Tay RA is 1.5 times higher than standard.

b. Surface water quality

Improving the river environment of Phu Loc River is one of the key priority items in order to improve the city life and is invested in the first period of the project.

Phu Loc River is one of the main and big drainage channels in the city. It is originated from the drainage channel connecting with West Lake and flows to Danang Bay through estuary at Nguyen Tat Thanh Road, Thanh Khe Dong ward. The rehabilitated length is about 2 kilometers and the width of river is from 50 to 80 meters.

The environment in Phu Loc River has been polluted not only due to domestic waste water from the inhabitants along the river bands, but also due to the rubbish thrown by the groups of the inhabitants. This is a significant concern for a long time and has great affection on the groups of the inhabitants along the river bank. According to testing results, the pollutant contents of Phu Loc river are highest at the middle and lowest at the outlet. Waste water from Phu Loc river has been discharged into Danang bay and contaminated coastal water quality. The figure below presents water quality of Phu Loc river.



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5

BOD5 mg/l

COD mg/l

SS mg/l

Figure 3-1 Water quality of Phu Loc river during ebb-tide, 5/2007

Notes:NM2: sample taken at starting point of river NM3: sample taken at downstream of the city’s drainage outlet, near 29/3 Textile company. NM4: sample taken at near Phu Loc river outlet. NM5: sample taken at Danang bay There are no surface water resources in the Hoa Minh – Hoa Khanh RA. The Thanh Khe Tay RA is next to Phu Loc river and has been impacted for long time. Surface water at Hoa Quy RA has not polluted, the pollutant contents are lower than that of standards.

c. Ground water quality

Ground water from confined aquifer in project areas has good quality and could be used for domestic purpose, tested parameters are below standards. Physiochemical parameters of ground water from water table are lower than that of standard, however, coliform are detected from most of testing samples (3/4 samples).

Ground water quality in all RAs is quite good, but the water from shallow wells was contaminated by bacteria. Ground water in the Thanh Khe Tay RA is quite good and has not impacted by wastewater from 29/3 Textile company, all heavy metals are below the standard.

3.2.3 Socio-economic condition

Till the late year of 2005, the entire population of Danang city is estimated about 790,191 people, of whom the total male is 384,806 people and the total female is 405,385 people. The allocation of the inhabitants is concentrated on Thanh Khe district and Hai Chau district. The rate of population growth in the city in 2005 is 2.35%, of which the rate of the natural population growth is approximately 1.18%.

According to data of socio-economic surveys in the project area, workers are 25.5%, small businesses are 26.4% and 21.2% are working for government office. The other earns their living by hunting aquatic and agriculture productions or undefined jobs. Unemployment rate is 8.4%. Before out of work, jobs of interviewees were much diversified. 30.8% of which worked in services and 15.4% were staffs.



Based on those figures, 23.3% of the total households surveyed is considered poor household according to the standard of Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affair, 31.9% of poor households according to the poor standard of Danang city, and 51.3% of the poor household according to the poor standard that the project set before. The average income per capital is about VND 472,000 per month. In comparison with some cities such as Danang, the income level is relatively low.

3.3 Predicted potential environmental impacts

The Project’s predicted potential environmental impacts by each of the Phase 1 sub-components’ activities, impact assessment consits of 2 part, including (i) generic impacts and (ii) site specific impacts.

The mitigation measures were also proposed in consistent with impacts assessed, including generic mitigation measures, referred to as Environmental Code of Practices (ECOP) and site specific mitigation measures. Potential impacts of project activities as well as environmental management plan (EMP) for each sub-component are summarized in the following tables.



Table 3-1 Summary of Potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component A1: Upgrading LIA

Note: During construction phase, beside the mitigation measures given in the table below, the Contractor shall also refer to the TechnicalSpecifications given in Annex F of thisReport for the relevant activitiesof thisSub-component.

Sub-Component Activities Impacts Mitigation measures Schedule Who isresponsibilities

Budget Monitoring by

Construction Phase:- Increased dust and noisedue to demolishingstructures

Applied ECOP, including;D1 - Immediateshifting of construction debrisD2 - Spraying water on thesurface of structures

before demolishingD3 - Regular spraying water on the siteN1 - Regular maintenance of equipment and

vehiclesN2 - Provision of Personal Protective equipment,

ear mufflers, etc. to workersN3 - Avoiding construction activitiesduring nights

Duringconstruction

Contractors Included in thecontract

PMU/CommunitySupervisionBoard (CSB)

- Increased dust levels dueto earth work excavationand construction activities

Applied ECOP, including;- D1, D3D4 - Cover transportation vehicles to avoid dust,

soil and material scattered duringtransportation

D5 - Clean vehicles before going out of thesite

Duringconstruction


ConstructionManagementConsultant(CMC)/ CSB

- Increased noiseand airemission fromtransportation vehicles andconstruction equipment,mainly at areas appliedmechanical constructionmethod

Applied ECOP, including;- N1, N2, N3A1 - All vehiclesand machinery shall have register

of qualityA2 - Not to let equipment operateunloaded

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

Upgrade ThanhKhe 1 and XuanHoa A LIA,Thanh Khe 5LIA, ChauThanh LIA andTrung Tam LIA

Upgrade/ConstructRoads andalleys

- Storage of materialscausing disturbance topublic and traffic

Applied ECOP, including;T1 - Divert and regulate traffic in consultation with

authorizersand community in advanceT2 - While planning alternate routecare should be

taken to minimize impact at sensitive locationssuch as school or market, etc.

T3 - Signalsand signs of reroute should beprovided

at least 7 daysbeforeconstruction


CMC/ CSB





- Generated domesticwaste by workers

Applied ECOP, including;W1 - Arrange with communityW2 - Contract with URENCO to collect solid waste

daily

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disturbanceto small businesses

Applied ECOP, including;PC2 - Inform construction schedule to Ward’s PCand business in advanceE1 - Avoid to extend construction time



CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase:Increased run-off waterdue to surfacing roads/alleys

Applied ECOP, including;W3 - Regular dredging sewers to avoid stagnation

every 6 monthsor annual

DrainageCompany/community

City budget andcontributed bybeneficiaries

Community/Head ofcommunitygroup

Damage to roads/ alleyssurface

Applied ECOP, including;R1 - Not to discharge water to roads/ alleysR2 - Not to cut off roads/ alleys surface, at least 2

years after surfacing of the roads/ alleysR3 - Forbid vehicles that are heavier than design

load to access

daily District’sUrbanManagementdivision/community


Construction Phase:- Increased dust levels dueto earth work excavationand construction activities

Applied ECOP, including;- D1, D3

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disruption ofpower supply

Applied ECOP, including;EC1 - Schedule construction activities with the

Electricity Company (EC)PC1 - Inform construction schedule to Ward’s PC

and community

Beforedisruption, 1week for the EC,24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase:

Install Streetlighting

- No impactConstruction Phase:- Increased dust levels dueto earth work excavationand construction activities

Applied ECOP, including;- D1, D3, D4, D5

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSBConstructDrainagesystem

- Increased noise and airemission fromtransportation vehicles andconstruction equipment

Applied ECOP, including;- N1, N2, N3- A1, A2

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB





- Smell during sludgedredging

Applied ECOP, including;W7 - Left manholecover opened for a while before

dredgingHS7 - Provision of Personal Protectiveequipment

to workersHS8 - Avoid to contact in long time

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Possible leakagesludgeon transportation route

Applied ECOP, including;W8 - Used tank truck for transportationW9 - Disposed dredged sludge at city’s disposal

site

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- W1, W2

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disruption ofdrainage system

Applied ECOP, including;DC1 - Schedule construction activities with theDrainage Company (DC)- PC1- W4

Beforedisruption, 1week for theDC, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary floodingduring rain

Applied ECOP, including;- W4

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disruption ofUtilities such aselectricity, telephone, TVcable…

Applied ECOP, including;U1 - Schedule construction activities inconsultation with the other utility agencies- PC1

beforedisruption, 1week for Utilityagencies and24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary storage ofmaterials and excavatedsoil causing obstacle topublic and traffic

Applied ECOP, including;- T1, T2, T3



CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- PC1

24h beforeconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Damage to road surface/other utilities

Applied ECOP, including;R4 - Construct synchronically with roads/ alleys

and other utilities (if any)RU1 - Reinstatement of road surface and other

utilities in earliest time

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB





- Risk of accidents Applied ECOP, including;HS1 - Provision of emergency aid service insituHS2 - Raise barriers/ fence and dangerouswarning

signsHS3 - Limit speed of vehicles within the siteHS4 - Avoid transportation during rush hoursHS5 - Provision of temporary crossing across the

sewer trenches wherever necessaryHS6 - During night sufficient light areprovided for

illumination

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase- Stagnation of sewage,odor problem

Applied ECOP, including;- W3W5 - Not to dispose solid waste to sewersW6 - Regularly dredge sewers to avoid stagnation


DrainageCompany/Community




Applied ECOP, including;- W7- HS7, HS8


DrainageCompany



- Transportation anddisposal of dredged sludge



DrainageCompany



- Contaminate to groundwater due to leakage ofsewers and manholes

Applied ECOP, including;- W5W10 - Leaks should be identified and rectified upondiscovered






Applied ECOP, including;- D1, D3, D4

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

Install WaterSupplyPipeline

- Temporary disruption ofwater supply

Applied ECOP, including;WSC - Scheduleconstruction activities with the

Water Supply Company (WSC)- PC1

beforedisruption, 1week for theWSC, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB





- Accumulation ofexcavated soil causinginconvenience to public

Applied ECOP, including;T4 - Reused excess soil for leveling sunken areas or

transport to adesignated disposal site

duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- R4, RU1

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase:- No impactConstruction Phase:- Increased dust levels dueto earth work excavationand construction activities

Applied ECOP, including;- D1- D3

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Increased noiseduringconstruction

Applied ECOP, including;- N3

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disruption ofwater supply, drainage andpower supply

Applied ECOP, including;- WSC- DC1- EC1- PC1

beforedisruption, 1week for Utilityagencies, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase:

ConstructPlayground(for ThanhKhe5 LIAonly)

- Increased domestic wastefrom recreation activities

- Construct a toilet at the site and clean it dailyDB1 - Provide dust bin at the site and contract with

URENCO to collect solid wastedaily

During O&M Ward’s PC Contributed bybeneficiaries




Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

Construct MaVoi Market(for ChauThanh LIAonly)





CMC/ CSB





- Temporary disruption ofbusinesses

- PC2- M1

7 days beforeconstruction


CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- WSC- DC1- PC1

beforedisruption, 1week for Utilityagencies, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

- Labor safety Applied ECOP, including;- HS1, HS7HS9 - Train workers on safety regulation



CMC/ CSB

Operation phase- Contamination byorganic wastes

Applied ECOP, including;M2 - Regular cleaning of facilitiesM3 - Provision of hand washing and toiletM4 - Contract with URENCO to collect solid waste

daily

During O&M MarketManagementUnit (MMU)/businessmen

Ward budget Community/Head ofcommunitygroup

- Increased wastewater Applied ECOP, including;W11 - Connection to sewerage systemW12 - Provision of septic tank

During O&M MMU Ward budget Community/Head ofcommunitygroup

- Increased air pollutionand smell

Applied ECOP, including;M5 - Ventilating shaft are located in such away

that not causing pollution to nearby housesM6 - Regular cleaning of facilities

During O&M MMU/businessmen


- Safety risk toneighborhood householdsdue to fire

Applied ECOP, including;M7 - Provision of fire-hoseM8 - Train staff of Market Management Unit and

businessmen on firefighting

During O&M MMU/businessmen


Table 3-2 Summary of potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component A2: Resettlement Areasconstruction




Construct HoaMinh – Hoa

- Siteclearance

Construction Phase:



- Loss of trees andvegetation

L1 - Compensation for plants should be madeL2 - Planting new trees

1 month beforesite clearance

PMU Contributionbudget

PMU

- Loss of agricultural land L3 - Compensation for affected people 1 month beforesite clearance


PMU

- Increased dust and noisedue to demolishingstructures

Applied ECOP, including;- D1, D2, D3- N1, N2, N3

Duringconstruction


PMU



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased noiseand airemission fromtransportation vehicles andconstruction equipment


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Generated domesticwaste by workers, about2.5 – 5m3 wastewater and25-50kg solid waste perday

Applied ECOP, including;MT1 - Provide mobile toilet at the siteMT2 - Clean toilet daily- W2

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary flood duringrains


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Possible traffic jam attransportation route


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Leakage of residual oil O1 - Any used oils are to be stored in elevatedtanks located on concrete bases surrounded bywalls sufficiently high to contain liquids incase of break or accidental spill

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Risk of accidents Applied ECOP, including;- HS1, HS2, HS3, HS4, HS5, HS5

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Labor health and safety Applied ECOP, including;- HS1, HS7, HS9

2 days berofeconstruciton


CMC/ ISMC

- Possible cracking ofadjacent buildings due todeep excavation offoundation for apartmentblocks

HS10 - Calculate and apply necessary supportmethod to avoid landslide

HS11 - In case of accident, stop construction andtake necessary recovery measures

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Khanh RA,Thanh Khe TayRA and HoaQuy RA

- Constructphysicalinfrastructure- Constructapartmentblocks (2blocks forHoa Minh –Hoa KhanhRA and 1block forThanh KheTay RA)- ConstructThanh KheTay Publicschool

Operation Phase:



- Generated wastewater inHoa Minh - HoaKhanhRA is 168m3/d, in ThanhKhe Tay RA is 75m3/d, inHoa Quy RA is 160m3/d


Duringconstruction

DrainageCompany

City budget RA’s PMU

- Stagnation of sewage,odor problem

Applied ECOP, including;- W3, W5, W6


DrainageCompany


- Odor during sludgedredging



DrainageCompany





DrainageCompany


- Impact to ground waterdue to leakage of sewersand manholes



DrainageCompany


- generated solid waste inHoa Minh - Hoa KhanhRA is 1.1T/d, in ThanhKhe Tay RA is 0.5T/d, inHoa Quy RA is 1.1T/d

- DB1- W2

during operation URENCO City budget RA’s PMU

Table 3-3 Summary of potential environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component B1: Phu Loc River Environmental Improvement




Construction Phase:Improvement ofthe Phu LocRiver

Embankmentof both sides - Increased dust due to

movement of transportationvehicles and constructionequipment


Duringconstruction

Contractors Included inthe contract

CMC/ ISMC



- Increased noiseand airemission from transportationvehicles and constructionequipment

Applied ECOP, including;- N1, N2, N3,- A1, A2

Duringconstruction

Contractors Included inthecontract

CMC/ ISMC

- Leakage of residual oil andgrease

- O1 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased traffic flow - T1,T5 - Avoid transportation during rush hours

Beforeconstruction,1 week forDC, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary disruption ofdrainagesystem

Applied ECOP, including;- DC1- PC1- W4

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Risk of landslide Applied ECOP, including;- HS10, HS11

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Operation Phase:- No impact- Total dredged sludge:22,465m3- Dredged sludge quality:contaminated by heavy metalssuch as cadmium, chromiumand zincDredging:- Increasing turbidity andpollutant dispersion in Phu LocRiver

- Use sectional dredging method (using sheet piles toclose the river section to be dredged, followed bypumping out water prior to dredging and embankmentconstruction within theclosed section).

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Exhausted air emission andoffensive odor

- Prepareconstruction schedule and announce toWard’s PC and community- Avoid to extend dredging progress



CMC/ ISMC

- Oil and grease from dredgingequipment

Each dredging equipment shall have its qualitycertificate

CMC/ ISMC

- Lost of docking place - Consult with Ward’s PC to find out a temporarydocking place



CMC/ ISMC

Dredging,transportationand disposalof sludge

Handling and transporting ofdredged sludge:



- Repolluted the river byleachate and leakage sludge

- Handle dredged sludgedirectly to tank truck- Use wet method

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Risk of leakage on thetransportation route

- Used tank truck to transport sludge- Clean trucks before living thesite- Check tank truck for leaks before mobilized to thesite- Identify and immediately fix any leaks identified- Avoid to run through high density residential area orin rush hours

Duringconstruction

Transporter Included inthecontract

CMC/ ISMC

- Increased traffic flow,estimated at 50 trips/ day ontransportation route, ie. HoangVan Thai road

- Divert and regulate traffic in consultation withauthorizers- While planning alternate route, care should be takento avoid dense residential areas and sensitive locationssuch as school, hospital or market, etc.- Signals and signs of diversion should be provided

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased dust levels due tomovement of tank trucks onaccess road

- Frequent spraying water on the transportation route Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Disposal of dredged sludge:- Disposal dredged sludgeatKhanh Son landfill- Dredged sludge will be driedup at every layer, estimatednecessary area of drying bed isabout 0.5ha, total dried sludgeheight is about 2.5mImpacts at Khanh Son landfill:- Offensive odor due to airemission

- No mitigation measure

- Impact by leachate fromdredged sludge

- Collect sludge leachate from the cell and conveyed itto asludge leachate tank- Use lime to pre-treat leachate before connecting tocommon Leachate treatment plant of the landfill

Duringconstruction

Contractorsshall contractwith URENCOfor disposal ofdredged sludge

Included inthecontract

CMC/ ISMC

- Risk to scavengers inside thelandfill

- Provision of sign board Duringconstruction

URENCO Included inthecontract

CMC/ ISMC

Construction Phase:Roads andDrainage/Interceptoralong both

- Loss of trees and vegetation - L1, L2 1 monthbeforesiteclearance

PMU included inproject cost

PMU



- Increased dust and noisedueto demolishing structures


Duringconstruction


PMU

- Increased dust levels due toearth work excavation andconstruction activities


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Generated domestic waste byworkers


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC





CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary flood during rains - W4 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased traffic flow - T1, T2, T3 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Leakage of residual oil Applied ECOP, including;- O1

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Damage of road surfaceandbridges

Applied ECOP, including;- RB1 -

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Risk of accident Applied ECOP, including;- HS1, HS2, HS3, HS4, HS5, HS6

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Possible cracking of adjacentbuildings due to deepexcavation

- HS10, HS11 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Operation Phase:- Increased dust and noisedueto movement of vehicles

Applied ECOP, including;D6 - Regular spray water, twice per dayN4 - Planting trees to reducenoise

Duringoperation

District’sUrbanManagementDivision

City budget District’sUrbanManagementDivision

sides

- Risk of traffic accident Applied ECOP, including;T6 - Effective safety and warning measures

Duringoperation





- Stagnation of water on theroad


Duringoperation



- Stagnation of sewage, odorproblem


every 6months orannual

DrainageCompany

City budget DrainageCompany

- Odor during sludge dredging Applied ECOP, including;- W7- HS7, HS8


DrainageCompany


- Transportation and disposal ofdredged sludge



DrainageCompany


- Contamination to groundwater due to leakage of sewersand manholes



DrainageCompany


Pollution sources:- Effluent from Phu LocWWTP: capacity of59,700m3/d, BOD in influent:150mg/l- Effluent from 29/3 Textilecompany: capacity of1,500m3/d, BOD in influent:380mg/l- Effluent from DermatologyHospital: capacity of 200m3/d,BOD in influent: 300mg/l- Effluent from HealthcareCentre of Thanh Khe District:capacity of 100m3/d, BOD ininfluent: 300mg/l

In caseall non-domestic effluents will beconveyed to thePhu Loc WWTP, but noneof WWTPsare in operation, themixed BOD content in Phu Loc river would be1.1 timehigher than standard, thusslightly impact to Phu Loc riverand Danang Bay. In casePhu Loc WWTP will treat alluntreated non-domestic wastewater, themixed BODconcentration in Phu Loc river will range from about 21.4 –21.91mg/l,27.8mg/l

Phu Loc river inoperation phase

Impacts:



- In case the Textile company,Dermatology Hospital andHealthcare Centre of Thanh KheDistrict connect to Phu LocWWTP, but none of WWTPs isin operate, the mixed BOD inPhu Loc river is 27.8mg/l, 1.1timeshigher than standard.

- Divert wastewater to emergency outlet of Phu LocWWTP, which is at upstream of the river- Immediate fix problems occurred to Phu Loc WWTPand the WWTPs of Textile and Hospital- In case of accident at the Textile’s WWTP, thecompany should pre-treat heavy metal in itswastewater before connecting to the city sewer- The Textile Company and Dermatology Hospitalshould ensure and commit to treat their wastewater tomeet the standard (TCVN 5945-1995 and TCVN5942-1995)

duringoperation

- DrainageCompany (DC)

- TextileCompany andDermatologyHospital

- Citybudget

- Budget oftheCompanyand Hospital

DrainageCompany/DONRE

In case Phu Loc WWTP willtreat all untreated non-domesticwastewater, the mixed BODconcentration in Phu Loc riverwill range from about 21.4 –21.91mg/l, , this is below thestandard (TCVN 5942-1995)- Sand deposition in the PhuLoc river outlet would reducedilution between river and seawater

- Regular dredging the river outlet duringoperation

DrainageCompany


Table 3-4 Summary of environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component B2: Pr imary and Secondary Main Drainage for L IAs




Construction Phase:- Increased dust levels due toearth work excavation andconstruction activities


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMCConstructingrelated primaryand secondarydrainage sewersfor 4 proposedLIAs

- Increased noise and airemission from transportationvehicles and constructionequipment


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC



- Odor during sludge dredging inexisting sewers


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Impact during transportation Applied ECOP, including;- W8, W9

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Applied ECOP, including;- W1- W2

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC





CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary flood during rains Applied ECOP, including;- W4

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary disruption ofUtilities such as electricity,telephone, TV cable…

Applied ECOP, including;- U1- PC1

beforedisruption, 1week forUtilityagencies and24h forcommunity


CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary storage of materialsand excavated soil causingobstacle to public and traffic


at least 7days beforeconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary disturbance to smallbusinesses

Applied ECOP, including;- PC2- E1



CMC/ ISMC

- Damage to road surface/ otherutilities

Applied ECOP, including;- R4- RU

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased traffic flow Applied ECOP, including;- T1, T2, T3

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased turbidity aroundconstruction area of the outlet

DO1 - Closed a part of the Lake for constructionDO2 - Well manage wastes generated

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Operation Phase- Stagnation of sewage, odorproblem



DrainageCompany






DrainageCompany


- Transportation and disposal ofdredged sludge



DrainageCompany


- Contamination to ground waterdue to leakage of sewers andmanholes



DrainageCompany




3.4 Cultural properties

There are a temple and four worship houses located in the project area, which are owned either by a family or a village. Some of them had been moved from other site to here. The temple in Phu Loc river upgrading area will be affected by only a small part of land, not affected in any structure. Among four worship houses, only one in Xuan Hoa A and Thanh Khe 1 LIA would have to be relocated. In the consultation, the owner of this house has agreed to remove it to Thanh Khe Tay RA. The other three worship houses are in Thanh Khe 5 LIA and Phu Loc river upgrading area would be affected by only a small part of land, not affected in any structure except the one at Thanh Khe 5 LIA. There are about 1,200 graves to be moved. The affected people are ready to move their graves once the compensation payment is made and the site for moving is available. The City cemetery is ready to receive these graves. Those cultural properties would be slightly affected during construction by dust, noise and vibration. Regular religion activities and access to those properties would be affected due to construction activities. Cultural relics/ Finds: In the case of discovering of cultural properties (chance finds) during the execution of the works (eg. during the excavation/earth work), the contractor should implement the Procedure upon Discovery as specified in the main report.

3.5 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

3.5.1 Mitigation Measures Based on the predicted Phase 1 environmental Impacts, appropriate mitigation measures are identified and described for each of the key project stages and types of impacts, including: Generic Mitigation Measures: including generic mitigation measures during construction and operation, which are refered as environmental codes of practices (ECOP). Specific Mitigation Measures, including specific mitigation measures of sludge dredging and management, mitigation measures during operation of the Phu Loc river and resettlement areas (RAs); The summary mitigation measures are in the Tables from 3-1 – 3-4 above.

3.5.2 Environmental Monitoring Program Environmental monitoring will be conducted at the following four (4) levels:

• Monitoring of project performance indicators; • Monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures done by the contractor; • Community based monitoring; and • Overall regulatory monitoring of the project.

A set of monitoring indicators is proposed to assess the implementation at various project stages. These performance monitoring indicators will be agreed in the final EA report, EMP and Project Implementation Plan (PIP) as well as the findings and recommendations of the Independent Safeguards Monitoring Consultant (ISMC) to be appointed under the project. The PMU will prepare for the Bank bi-annual performance monitoring reports, which will detail project progress with respect to agreed targets for environmental project performance indicators.

Table 3-5. Table of annual Environmental Monitoring Plan

Type of monitoring Frequency Task Report to

Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project EA report –Phase 1


Flooding situation Twice per year (in rain season)

ISMC shall collect data, these data will record in GIS

PMU

Quality of water in Phu Loc river (BOD5, COD, DO, SS, Coliform, Total N, Total P, oil and grease, coliform) Samples shall be taken in both flood tide and ebb tide (3 points of sampling during construction: upstream of construction segment, downstream of construction segment, in Danang bay around the river outlet) 4 points of sampling during operation: upstream, downstream of Hoa Khe outlet, downstream of Phu Loc WWTP outlet, Danang Bay around river outlet

Bi – monthly during construction Twice per year during operation, in both dry and rainy seasons

IMSC shall carry out environmental monitoring during construction phase Drainage company shall continue monitoring in next 2 years in operation phase

PMU during construction

DONRE/ WB during operation

Quality of leachate, mainly for heavy metal (Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb) 2 points at before and after leachate pre-treatment tank at Khanh Son landfill

Bi – monthly during dredging

IMSC shall carry out environmental monitoring during construction phase

PMU

Sediment (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cr6+, total P, total N) 1 sample of dredged sludge (4 points of sampling during operation: starting point of Phu Loc river, downstream of city’s sewer next to 29/3 Textile Company, downstream of Phu Loc WWTP’s outlet, Danang bay around the river mouth)





Air environmental monitoring: SO2,CO, NO2, Pb (particulate and gas), TSP, noise, traffic frequency (08 samples should be taken at Ong Ich Khiem, Dien Bien Phu, Ha Huy Tap, Tran Cao Van/ Dung Sy Thanh Khe, Nguyen Tat Thanh, Luu Quang Vu, Nguyen Khuyen roads, at cross section between EC road and new access road along Phu Loc river, 1 sample at each roads)

Quarterly

IMSC shall carry out environmental monitoring during construction phase, whenever receive complain from LIA

PMU

Mitigation measures monitoring Daily CMC prepare monthly report

ISMC

Community Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)

Daily CSB prepare report every 2 weeks

PMU/ PC

Total of samples during construction phase is 95 samples, in which 60 water samples, 3 sludge samples, and 32 air samples.



Total of sample during operation phase is 48 samples, in which 32 water samples, 16 sludge samples.

3.5.3 Project Organization for Environmental Management The draft EA recommends an organizational and systematic approach towards an environmental management system involving the following key project stakeholders and responsibilities: Project Management Unit (PMU):The PMU has the overall responsibility to implement and monitor the EMP. Assisted by the ISMC and CMC consultants, the PMU will monitor and report on the implementation of mitigation measures during the constructor’s construction works. The proposed PMU staffing organization will include at least one environmental mitigation and monitoring specialist. Community Representatives: At the sub-project’s tertiary and household connection levels, community representatives will be encouraged to monitor environmental sanitation conditions in their areas. Construction Management Consultant (CMC): The main tasks of CMC are monitoring basic construction practices and procedures, including Environmental Code of Practices (ECOP) for mitigating environmental impacts as described in the draft EA. Independent Safeguards Monitoring Consultant (ISMC): The ISM will be responsible for monitoring EMP implementation activities and ensuring that agreed environmental and social safeguard policies of the GoV and the Bank are applied and monitored.

3.5.4 Capacity Development and Training Needed training on how to implement effective environmental monitoring, mitigation and reporting measures and systems will be provided to key stakeholders (PMU, contractors and community representatives) based on the actual project needs, roles and responsibilities.

3.5.5 Budget Requirements for Environmental Management, Mitigation and Monitoring

A summary of the proposed budgets for recommended CCESP environmental management, mitigation and monitoring measures is presented in Table 3-6.

Table 3-6. Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD)

Description Proposed Budget Source of Budget 1 Implementation of Mitigation

Measures Costs included in construction contracts

Loan proceeds

2 Environmental Training of PMUs, communities etc.

4,800 Loan proceeds

3 Monitoring cost during construction

7.500 Loan proceeds

4 Monitoring cost during operation

2.800 Loan proceeds

5 Independent Safeguards Monitoring Consultant (ISMC)

20,000 Loan proceeds

6 Environmental Monitoring by CMC

Costs included in Supervision Contract

Loan proceeds

Total 35,100Note: Proposed budget costs exclude VAT, contingency and escalation costs Operation phase of phase 1 is in implementation phase of phase 2, so monitoring cost for 2 years in operation phase of phase 1 will be funded by the project.



4 Public consultation and disclosure The first consultation was conducted from 28 June to 6 July, 2006, the total number of participants is 289 person. This consultation held to determined existing environmental issues at project areas. The second consultation was conducted from 10 – 13 June and from 4 – 6 July, 2007 with total number of participants is 154 people. In this consultation, consultant introduced project activities, potential environmental impacts would happened during construction and operation phases as well as proposed environmental management plan. Most of participants did agree with impacts and mitigation measures presented, they also expressed their willing to accept temporary impacts and have contributions to the Project. Their main concerns are the PMU and contractors have to complete construction timely and ensure safety. The affected fishermen from Phu Loc river accepted to find another docking place by themselves. They also agreed on needs of environmental awareness campaign. Disclosure The English version of EA report for phase 1 was disclosed in 31 August, 2007 at VIDIC, at Washington DC in 31 August, 2007. The Vietnamese version of EA report was disclosed at PMU, Danang DONRE and related Wards on 24 September, 2007. The draft final will be replaced after appraisal, scheduled in Dec., 2007.


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) 1

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Background of the project

Danang is centre of politics, economy and culture in Central Vietnam, besides, it is one of the important gateways to the sea for the central highland areas including Laos, Cambodia and Thailand. By the end of 2005, Danang has total area of 1,256.54 km2 and total population of 781,023 residents.

In contrast to the rapid economic growth, the current situation of environmental sanitation is poor. The city faces challenges in: ensuring productive employment and basic services for new residents (both migrants and internal population growth); dealing with the legacy of under-investment; mitigating the risk of environmental degradation and traffic congestion; and, better operation of industrial zones and improvement in FDI.

Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project (PIIP) was approved at the decision no 31/QD-TTg dated 10/01/2007 by the PM on the project and program list asking for the WB fund period 2007-2010 including Danang PIIP with an IDA amount expected to be about 100,000,000 USD. The project is an interdisciplinary infrastructure investment activity aiming to reduce poverty and promote economic development in accordance with the city’s Development Orientation as well as Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS).

Objectives of the project The objectives of the projects are to: - Urban poverty alleviation through upgrading of technical infrastructure, environmental

condition and improvement in living condition of the urban poor; - Improvement of environmental condition in polluted areas relating to waste water,

sewerage issues; - Enhancement of economic growth through investment in development of strategic

infrastructure, implementation of improvements and technical assistance to create an attractive investment climate;

- Gradual adaptation to urban development planning; - Socialization in process of planning, programming and implementing investment in urban

infrastructure upgrading through participatory technical solutions, human resources and fund contribution;

- Promotion in participatory project preparation, implementation and management in order to satisfactorily meet people’ demand;

- Provision of support to institution and enhancement in management capacity to City’s administration authorities.

Environmental Impact Assessment for phase 1 Environmental assessment of the Project was prepared according to Vietnamese Law on Environmental Protection 2005, Decree No. 80/ND-CP dated Aug 9, 2007, and the World Bank safeguard policies OP 4.01 on Environmental Assessment and OP 4.11 on Physical Cultural Resources. To meet requirements of both GoV and the WB, the environmental assessment has been prepared. The EA documentation provides an overview of environmental conditions in the project areas, assesses possible environmental impacts and proposes environmental management plan (EMP). The environmental documentation is including; - Volume 1: Executive summary of Environmental Assessment for 2 phases - Volume 2: Environmental Assessment for phase 1. EA report for phase 1 includes: 1)

Project description, 2) EIA for phase 1, 3) EMP for phase 1, 4) Public Disclosure and



Consultation. The report was prepared and submitted to the DONRE and the WB during project appraisal.

- Volume 3: Environmental Guideline (EG) for phase 2.

Project setting and baseline data of the city

Project location

Danang lies on the coordinates of 15055’22’’ Northern latitude and from 107018’20’’ to 108020’ Eastern meridian. The city is bordered by Thua Thien Hue Province in the North, Quang Nam Province in the South and West and South China Sea in the East. The location map of the City is presented in Figure 1-1.

Baseline data of the city

In phase 1, project activities are scattered within inner Danang city, including LIAs in Hoa Khe, Thanh Khe Tay, Nam Duong and Hai Chau 2 wards, RAs in Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh, Hoa Quy, Thanh Khe Tay and Phu Loc river. Sampling location of baseline environmental survey in project areas are presented in figure below.

Natural condition

Topography and soil condition

Hai Chau and Thanh Khe District are almost plain without mountains and have relatively flat terrain. The average elevation of Thanh Khe District is 3m and Hai Chau District is 2.5m. The terrain of Ngu Hanh Son District is only flat in the South, in the North it is high and low unevenly. There is a high mountain called Ngu Hanh Son with alternate mountains and caves below (the average elevation is 11m). Half of Lien Chieu District area is occupied by forest. High mountain concentrates in the Northwest while the remaining area is relatively flat (the average elevation is 8m).

Danang lies in a coastal area with geo-structure comprising sea sediment and the Pleitoscene strata formed by rivers. Low hill area and high mountain ranges intermingle with alluvium delta and have structure of Paleozoic sediment range intermingled by medieval Mio-Pliocence sediment layer. Rock layers lie within the depth of 10m to 15m.

Climate condition

Danang has typically tropical monsoon climate. The temperature is high and rarely fluctuant. The regime of sunshine, rain and humidity is various. The annually average temperature is above 250C and average humidity is 82%. Danang’s climate is integrated and affected by Northern and Southern tropical climate as the predominant. There are two obvious seasons in Danang including rainy season from August to December and dry season from January to July. Occasionally, there is a cold spell of winter but it does neither last long nor cause serious coldness. Rainstorm often leads to flooding. There are 1 – 8 storms per year. The rainfall in rainy season accounts for 70 – 80% the total annual rainfall. In summer there is little rain and high temperature thus in some river outlets there is a high level of salinity. The climate features of Danang are presented in Table 1 - Annex A.



Figure 0-1 Danang position map



Tide regime

Tidal regime of Danang sea consists of diurnal tide and irregular half-diurnal tide which means that in half a day, there is one flow and one ebb but the power of and the time the flow and ebb last are much different. There are in average 3 days of diurnal tide per month (8 days at maximum and 1 day at minimum). Affected by such a tide regime, the hydraulic regime of the canals and sewers in the City is relatively complicated. During floods, the sewers and canals receive both storm water and wastewater from residential areas. Moreover, they are also affected by raising water and wave during flood tide. The highest average flood tide level is 120cm and the lowest one is 80cm. Table 2 – Annex A presents monthly tide level.

Existing air condition at project areas

To have basis to asses baseline condition of environment at projects areas, several parameters have been surveyed, sampled, tested and analyzed. The test results are presented in Table 3 – Annex A.

Figure 0-2 TSP in project areas (mg/m3)

The TSP in the standard TCVN 5937:1995 is 0.3mg/m3

Notes: KK1: sample taken at Thanh Khe 1 LIA KK2: sample taken at Xuan Hoa A LIA KK3, KK4, KK5: samples taken at Thanh Khe 5 LIA KK6: sample taken at Chau Thanh LIA KK9: sample taken at Luu Quang Vu, Hoa Quy, the access road to Hoa Quy RA KK10: sample taken at Nguyen Khuyen, Hoa Minh, the access road to Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RA KK11: sample taken at Thanh Khe Tay RA, next to 29/3 Textile company

The survey results show that, air environment at project areas has been polluted mainly by dust as the TSP content were 19 – 65 times higher than the standard (figure 1-2). A particular case was recorded at Ong Ich Khiem road where the TSP content was 160 times higher than the allowable limit, which was caused by high traffic density of up to 1,300 – 2,200 motorbikes/ h

0

5

10

15

20

25

KK1 KK2 KK3 KK4 KK5 KK6 KK9 KK10 KK11



and 50 – 150 cars/ h. The LIAs and suburbs were not affected by noise, while the noise level measured at inner city areas such as at Ong Ich Khiem and Nguyen Hoang roads were relatively high and exceeded standard. Content of NO2, SO2, CO emissions were below standard. The project areas were not polluted by lead particulate and gas.

The above results are quite corresponding to the results of socio-economic survey and the public consultations conducted at projects areas. As the survey’s result, air environment at project areas has been polluted mainly by offensive odor (53.8%) and dust (25.5%), interviewees also reported on high noise but with low magnitude (4.7%). (Source: report on social assessment – SECO).The participants at public consultations also reported on offensive odor and high dust. The most severely affected residential areas by bad odor from the Phu Loc river are the ones located along the river, particularly the ones close to the city’s drainage outlets at the bridge on Dung Sy Thanh Khe road or near the clinic centre on Tran Cao Van road etc. Odor in LIAs and RAs were generated from garbage.

Existing air condition in RAs

The air quality at all 3 RAs is polluted by high TSP content, while other parameter such as noise, SO2, NO2, CO, lead particulate and gas are below standard. The CxHy content in the Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh and Hoa Quy RAs are lower than standard, while this content at Thanh Khe Tay RA are 1.5 times higher than standard, it might caused by emision from the 29/3 Textile company.

Existing water environment at project areas

a. Existing condition of surface water

Water environmental of Phu Loc River

Improving the environment of Phu Loc River is one of the top priorities in order to improve the city environment and will be invested in phase 1 of the project.

The Phu Loc River is one of the main and big drainage channels in the city. It originates from the drainage channel connecting with West Lake and flows to Danang Bay through the estuary at Nguyen Tat Thanh Road, Thanh Khe Dong ward. The river section to be rehabilitated has a length of about 2 km and the width from 50 to 80 m. At present, most of two river banks are earth-banks and have had no access road yet, except for some routes crossing the residential area or the section near the river outlet. There are many places where residents build houses and auxiliary works beside the river. The flora growing along the river bank are very poor, mainly wild grass, wild tree, water-taro, flamboyant, malabar almond tree, etc... At some parts of the banks that cross the residential area, the earth band is extended with silt and used by the residents to plant sweet potato, vegetable, papaya, banana tree and nipa, etc... The area of river bank near the sea is the place for boat parking of the fishers living along both banks. The Phu Loc river outlet is usually extended with sand deposit which blocks the flow, even covers most of the outlet. Therefore, the city has to dredge, collect and dispose the sand away every several years. As the river has been receiving wastewater for years, it is severely polluted and there are virtually no valuable aquatic organisms in the river.

The environment in the Phu Loc River has been polluted not only due to domestic wastewater from the inhabitants along the river, but also due to the rubbish thrown to the water. This is a significant concern for a long time and has great impacts on the inhabitants living there. According to the observation, the color of river water is deep black or moss-green at the places where the river passes crowded residential areas. The rotten smell is very awful, especially at the main city’s drainage outlets where wastewater is discharged into the river (the lower section next



to the Phu Loc Bridge in Tran Cao Van road, at the drainage outlet near the health centre). The river-bed here has been consolidated seriously. There are some sections where the river-bed narrowed nearly half of the width, the depth of water level is only about 0.5 meter. In the past, wastewater from the factory 2 of the 29/3 Textile Company was discharged directly to the Phu Loc River which caused pollution of this river section. Since late 2006, the factory built and operated its own wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and as requested by Danang Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), the effluent from WWTP was conducted to the city drainage system, so the pollution situation was improved. However, the WWTP has just been operated for not a long time, therefore the effluent’s quality need to be well supervised by the city.

From 2002 to now, the quality of the river water has been continuously monitored within the framework of the Environment Management Plan under the Sanitation Project of Danang city. The value of BOD, COD usually does not meet the surface water standard in recent years and the pollution level in rainy season tends to be more serious than in dry season.

12- 2

002

6 - 200

3

10- 2

003

12- 2

003

6 - 200

4

10- 2

004

12- 2

004

6 - 200

5

10- 2

005

0

25

35

70

105

140

CODgií i h¹ n

(theo TCVN 5942-1995)

BODgií i h¹ n

(theo TCVN 5942-1995)

BO

Dho

ÆcC

OD

(mg/

l) BODCOD

Figure 0-3 Value of COD and BOD in Phu Loc river after years1.

To assess and compare water quality along the Phu Loc river within the framework of the PIIP, samples have been taken at 4 stations: the river’s starting point (close to Phu Loc WWTP), downstream of the city’s drainage outlet near 29/3 Textile company, near Phu Loc outlet and Danang Bay around the outlet. The samples were also taken 4 times: twice at flood tide and twice at ebb tide. Average analysis results of water quality are presented in Table 4 – Annex A.

1 Source: EMP at the site, phase 1 of Danang sanitation project



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5

BOD5 mg/l

COD mg/l

SS mg/l

Figure 0-4 Water quality of Phu Loc river during ebb tide, 5/2007 Notes:NM2 : Sample at starting point of Phu Loc river NM3 : Sample at downstream of city’s drainage outlet, near 29/3 Textile company NM4 : Sample near Phu Loc outlet NM5 : Sample at Danang Bay, around Phu Loc outlet The result of sample analysis shows that the river is seriously polluted, the contents of BOD5,COD, SS, NH4

+ were much higher than the permissible level. The most severely polluted place was at downstream of the city’s drainage outlet near the 29/3 Textile Company. Although the Phu Loc outlet area is less polluted than the stream flow since it is diluted partly by the sea water, the measured parameters were still higher than standard. Wastewater discharged to the river has been very much polluting sea water around the estuary, especially during the ebb tide as the measured parameters were much higher than standard.

Existing surface water quality in RAs

The Thanh Khe Tay RA locates next to the Phu Loc river and influenced by environmental condition of the river as mentioned above. There is no surface water in the Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RA. The The Hoa Quy RA is an unoccupied land next to Dong Tra Residential Areas. At present, it is an open area with some ponds formed by storm water stagnated in sunken areas. In accordance with the test result, the surface water there is of quite good quality as almost all the analyzed parameters are below the standard. It is so because there are only few people living along Luu Quang vu road and the surface water there therefore has not been polluted by wastewater. Testing results of surface water quality at Hoa Quy is presented in Table 5 – Annex A.

b. Existing ground water quality

In recent years, due to big population growth and limited capacity of water supply, the number of families using groundwater from drilled wells is increasing considerably. According to surveys, the city’s groundwater reserve is about 100 million m3, 30% of which has been exploited and brought in use.



The groundwater quality at projects areas has been surveyed and analyzed within the framework of the PIIP and the testing results are presented in Table 6 – Annex A.Survey results show that quality of artesian water at project area is rather good (sample from Xuan Hoa and Chau Thanh) as all measured parameters were lower than permissible levels. However, in the 2nd public consultation, the participants from Hoa Khe reported that groundwater at the area near Da Nang airport is contaminated by dioxin and could not be used for drinking and domestic purposes. Physiochemical parameters of shallow well water were still lower than standard, but most of them were contaminated by bacteria. Pollution sources might be the run-off water or wastewater that penetrated into the ground since these residential areas are densely populated and age-old ones. Groundwater from Thanh Khe Tay (sample NN4) was saline since it is very close to Danang Bay. In general, shallow water at project areas has been contaminated by bacteria, so it is unsafe to use for domestic purposes. However, according to socio-economic survey, the number of households using water from drilled/ shallow wells is relatively high. Specifically, the rate in Hoa Khe ward is 35% of interviewees, while it is 100%, 43.3%, 100% and 16.7% in Hoa Quy, Nam Duong, Thanh Khe Dong and Thanh Khe Tay wards respectively. Using contaminated water for long time might affect community health. Consulted people also reported on contamination in groundwater at areas close to the Phu Loc river.

Existing ground water quality in RAs

The ground water quality in the Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh and Hoa Quy RAs are relatively good, all tested parameters are below standard. However, ground water from shallow well at Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RA was contaminated by bacteria. The Thanh Khe Tay RA locates next to the 29/3 Textile company, which is a major pollution source of heavy metal to Phu Loc river. To determind whether ground water at Thanh Khe Tay RA is contaminated by industrial wastewater from the factory or not, a ground water from an existing shallow well at Thanh Khe Tay RA was taken and tested, particularly for heavy metal. The location of the sample is at 40m away from Phu Loc river and 35m away from the 29/3 Textile company. The tested result shown that ground water there was not contaminated by heavy metal, however it was contaminated by bacteria. The testing result of ground water at Thanh Khe Tay RA is presented in the Table 7 – Annex A.

Existing soil quality at RAs

The Hoa Quy and Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RAs do neither near any industrial factories nor environmental spots, thus soil at these areas is not influenced by industrial or polluted wastewater and could be reused.

The Thanh Khe Tay RA is near the 29/3 Textile company and Phu Loc river, a part of the site is alluvial area of the river, which has been contaminated by heavy metal. The concern is whether top soil at this area is contaminated by heavy metal and could be safely disposed of. Two soil samples were taken to test heavy metal contents, one of them was taken from fruit garden and the other from alluvial area of the river. The tested results shown that even heavy metal contents at soil sample from alluvial area were higher than that from the garden, soil environment in this area was not contaminated by heavy metal. The people living in the area also confirmed that the river water is so polluted that it can not be used in irrigation or other purposes, that why soil quality at this area is still clean. The tested results of soil condition are presented in Table 8 – Annex A.

The location of samples taken is presented in the figure 1-5.



Figure 0-5 Sampling location map



Socio – economic condition

Population

Till late 2005, the entire population of Danang city was estimated at about 790,191 people with 384,806 male and 405,385 female population. The allocation of the inhabitants was concentrated on Thanh Khe district and Hai Chau district. The city’s population growth rate in 2005 was 2.35%, of which the rate of the natural population growth is approximately 1.18%. The summary of the average population and the density of population are shown in the table 1-1.

Table 0-1 Danang area, average population and density of population

Natural area (km2) Average population in 2005 (people)

Population density (people/km2)

Hai Chau district 21,09 192.884 9.144

Thanh Khe district 9,27 163.679 17.648

Son Tra district 60,88 116.999 1.922

Ngu Hanh Son district 36,62 51.915 1.418

Lien Chieu district 83,08 82.363 991

Cam Le district 33,25 65.506 1.970

Hoa Vang district 707,35 107.677 152

Hoang Sa district 305,00 - -

Danang city 1.256,54 781.023 622

(Source: Danang Statistical year book, 2005) Notes: it is estimated that up to date, 2007, there are approximately 1 million people living, working and studying in Danang.

Culture and education

Danang is not only the centre of economics, but also plays a role as a centre of education and training in the Mid-South region, especially high level college and university education. In the last 5 years, the city took care about the investment for the education and training career. The budget for education accounts for approximately 56% of the total expenditure for social career. If the budget for the education and training mission was VND 94.6 billion in 2000, the investment level for this task in 2005 was 2.5 times higher as of VND 236.2 billion. Up to late 2005, Danang had 110 elementary schools with 1,435 classes, 2213 teachers and 33,822 pupils. Regarding universities, colleges and vocational schools, there were 22 schools with 2,306 teachers and 131,840 students, of which 1,283 were post-graduate students. At present, Danang has 3 cultural houses, 3 libraries, 3 museums and 11 historical and cultural spots which are ranked. The rate of budget for cultural and social activities increases year by year. Special attention has been paid to the issue of cultural information in poor and rural areas in order to shorten the cultural gap between the urban and suburban areas.



Public health and safety

At present, in the city, there are totally 70 heath care centers with 3,270 sick-beds, of which there are 4 central hospitals with 695 sick-beds, 16 local hospitals, 47 health centers and midwife centers at district level, 3 health centers, private health services as well as the development of 225 sick-beds in 4 private hospitals. The health care service in the city involves in total 3,843 staffs with the rate of 13.1 doctors per 10,000 citizens. All districts in the city have their own health care center. In the project area, 21.7% of interviewed households get chronic disease, including respiration diseases as sinusitis, lung disease; disease related to digestion as gastric, cardiovascular diseases together with rheumatism. Many people also said about bone diseases, mainly related to spinal column (Spinal column, vertebra degeneracy etc.). Patients of chronic diseases are mainly elder (41.7%). It is worth attention that among interviewees in phase 1, 52.4% believed that their illness related to environmental condition, in which 46.2% said their illness related to environment and water resources pollution while 28.2% said it due to air pollution.

Occupation and income

Up to December 31st, 2005,the labor resource of the city is 487,096 people, of which the labor force that is in employment is 367,761 people, and the unemployment rate is 5.05%. Regarding the labor allocation in sectors, the labor force in the service industry such as commerce, hotel, restaurant, transportation, information and communication, etc... accounts for 42.46% of total labor working in the economic sectors. Industry and construction also involve considerable labor resources as of 38.15%. This figure in the agriculture, forestry and aquiculture is 19.39%. According to socio-economic surveys in the project area, workers account for 25.5% of the labor force, while small businesses involve 26.4% and other 21.2% are working for government offices. The others earn their living by hunting aquatic and agriculture productions or undefined jobs. Unemployment rate is estimated at 8.4%. Before getting unemployed, jobs of interviewees were much diversified. Among unemployees, 30.8% worked in services and 15.4% were government staffs. The income of the residents also has gradually increased following the economic growth. The average income per capita in 2004 was VND 635,000/ month or is twice as much as in 1999 (VND 317,200 / person/ month). Although the city has no poverty households, poor households still exist. Based on the national poverty line (the average income per capita under VND 150,000 per month according to Decision 1143/2000/QD-BLDTBXH), the city has only 2,858 poor households in 2003 and 733 in 2004. Based on the specific conditions of the local socio-economic development, in 2003, the city’s authority established its specific poverty line that classifies households as poor if their income per capita is under VND 300,000 per month for urban areas and under VND 200,000 per month for suburban areas. Based on the social-economic survey for project areas and existing living condition of the city, the investment report namely “Construction of priority infrastructure for Danang” proposed to apply the level of income per capita of VND 400,000 per month as poor standard for the project. According to the figures of socio-economic surveys conducted in June and July 2006 for project areas, monthly average income of households is estimated at VND 2.2 million, of which for some households this figure is only VND 120,000. Based on those figures, for phase 1, 15.1% of the total surveyed households is considered poor according to the poor standard of Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affair (MOLISA), whereas it is 20.8% based on the specific standard of Danang city, and 34% based on the standard set by the project as above. The average income per capita is about VND 472,000 per month. In comparison with some cities, this level is relatively low. The project investment will surely help improve environmental condition and create job and income opportunities for the inhabitants.

Economic structure



Becoming the central city from 1997, Danang is determined as economic, cultural, scientific center of Central Vietnam and whole country with economic continuous and stable growth in line with social infrastructure development, urban area upgrading etc…Average GDP growth rate for 4 years 2001-2005 was 13% (in 2005 it was 14%). Economic structure of the city changed actively: industry- construction accounts for 48.2%; service sector makes up to 46.1%; while agriculture, afforestation, seafood accounts for 5.7%.

Danang is industrial centre of the Centre. Presently, there are more than 4.200 units of different industrial sector working in city. Industrial production value in 2005 achieved 8.542 billions VND, increasing 20.2% in comparison with that in 2004. Industrial products are mainly textile, shoes, seafood, chemical, mechanic, construction materials...

Danang is a big commercial centre of the Central region. Import- export value has been increasing year by year with an average growth rate of 15.2%. Total volume of commodity and services in 2005 achieved 28,445 billions VND, of which export of commodity and services reached 500 millions USD. Up to now, more than 150 products of Danang are available in more than 70 nations and international regions.

Moreover, Danang is identified as an attractive destination in Central region of Vietnam. Danang is a tourism city with a number of landscapes with beautiful beaches and it is located in central point of the 04 world heritages of Hue, H i An, M S n, Phong Nha. Average growth rate of the number of tourists achieves 16.33%, in which regarding international tourists the figure is 19.05%. In particular, tourism on sea routes developed very much, annually Danang has received about 25-30 tourism ships with about 20 thousands times of tourists coming to Danang. In 2005, it was estimated at 659,470 times of tourists, 18% more than in 2004. Tourism infrastructures are improved, many kinds of tourism are developing in the city to meet visitors’ need.

Danang is doing its best to develop and to make the city become a large urban center and socio-economic, industry, commerce, tourism and services center of Central Vietnam as well as a seaport city, an important transit point on the international and domestic transportation route, post and telecommunication and finance and banking, cultural and sport training and science center of the whole middle region.

Total national budget income of the city in last 5 years is estimated at 20,275.7 billion VND with an average annual increase of 27.5%. Gross economic collection is 16,602.3 billions VND, of which domestic collection is 11,558.14 billions VND; import and export tax collection is 5,044.2 billions VND. Incomes out of tax such as issuing land use right certificates, selling state-owned houses etc. have significantly contributed to increasing the budget.

Total budget expenditure for last 5 years was 13,615.1 billions VND with an annual average increase of 38.9%. The budget expenditures much contributed to the development of cultural and educational sector, health care, and poverty reduction. Expenditure for development investment was 9,458.8 billions VND with annual average increase of 53%, making up 70.3% the total expenditure. Regular expenditure is 2,853.5 billions VND, or 25.5% of the total expenditure.

Banking is importantly changed in legal environment aspect towards market mechanism and international integration. Credit structure already ensures equality between economic elements. Credit activities increase in average 41.52%/year. ATM becomes more and more popular.

The local economic growth in recent years has been rapidly increased. In 2005, GDP for the actual average price per capita was VND 15,222 thousand, which is 2.2 times as high as that in 2006 (VND 6,906 thousand). In terms of economic branches, industry and construction are now developing as they accounts for larger and larger percentage of the total.



Table 0-2 GDP structure of Danang (%)

Sectors 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 Agriculture, forestry, aquaculture

7,86 6,73 6,40 5,96 5,68

Industry, construction 41,26 43,52 45,60 49,07 51,09Services 50,88 49,75 48,00 44,97 43,23Total 100 100 100 100 100

(Source: Danang Statistics Yearbook in 2005) The foreign investment in the city grows gradually year by year. The amount of capital registered until late 2005 was USD 181,743,000, of which the largest investment was made in industry as of USD 115,707,000, followed by investments in hotels and restaurants up to (USD 40,285,000).

Tourism

Danang city is striving to increase the proportion of tourism sector in GDP structure up to 13.3% in 2006 and 16.5% in 2010. To do it, making Danang become a centre for tourism, diversifying types of tourism, relaxing, beach swimming, ecological tourism, sightseeing, paying proper attention to developing both international and internal tourism, international exchange and investment cooperation, planning tourism route from Ba Na to Son Tra peninsula and along the Han river, developing Danang tourism in compliance with the tourism master plan including Hue- Da Nang- Quang Nam- Highland and, at the same time, taking into consideration international relationship with the South East Asia region etc. are the activities intended to be done by the city.

Fauna and flora condition, natural habitat

As the project areas mainly belong to the inner city, except Hoa Quy RA as a suburb, flora and fauna in these areas are very poor. There are no valuable species, flora is mainly wild grass, and some areas are small paddy or cultivated fields. Besides, there are coconut-palms, bananas, almond trees, flamboyant… in some residential areas along the Phu Loc river. In urban areas, main flora is found in small parks and along the streets. According to the DONRE, presently, the city has about 20,000 plants which create 260,000 m2 green spaces or a coverage rate of 0.35 m2 per capita in equivalent, much less than VN regulation of 5 m2 per capita (applied for city over 200,000 residents).

Hoa Quy RA is part of the City’s new residential area. This is a flat area with graveyard covered by wild grass and scattered planted casuarinas.

Sea ecological resources

As from Department of Fishery, Agriculture and Forest, there are no aquatic resources or aquaculture around the Phu Loc river outlet.

Regarding natural habitat, according to the study « Survey, study coral and related ecosystem for area from Hon Chao to the south of Hai Van mountain pass and Son Tra peninsula », there are coral reefs inshore Da Nang beach, extending from tide area to where the depth is less than 12m. The coral reefs in good condition gather at Hon Sup, Bai But, Bai Nom, Huc Lo, Vung Da, south of Son Tra peninsula.



Regarding regional organisms, the study recorded 221 species of plankton, which were found with high density in the middle of Danang Bay and northwest of Son Tra peninsula. For zooplankton, there are 162 species, which concentrate with higher density in the south of Son Tra peninsula than other areas. Species of larvae inshore Danang coast, particularly crustacean larvae are rather diverse and plentiful. In general, number of species and density of larvae sources in west of the Bay and south of Son Tra peninsula are higher than that in remain areas.

Nutrition contents in water inshore Danang coast are below standards, so organic resources in this area have not been affected by pollution. However, high content of oil and suspended solid would affect these coral reefs, especially in the north and south of Son Tra peninsula.

The study also proposed areas for proper exploiting of ecological and organic resources inshore Danang coast. However, as it is relatively far from the Phu Loc outlet to the proposed areas as it is about 6km to Son Tra peninsula and 9km to south of Hai Van mountain pass (figure 1-6), the project activities in the Phu Loc river would not affect these areas.



Figure 0-6 Areasof proper exploiting of ecosystems and organism resources inshore Danang coast

: restricted protection

: Preserve and recovery

: Proper exploit

Phu Locriver



ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATION

Environmental Management At national level, environmental management in Vietnam is lead by the Ministry for Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) with the following key tasks and functions:

• Direct and supervise the implementation of environmental protection regulations, programs and projects as assigned by the government;

• Establish and uniformly manage the national environmental monitoring system; summarize and process data from environmental monitoring and regularly assess the environment to forecast the environmental changes;

• Appraise EA reports submitted for proposed projects; regulate environmental standards and manage the licensing, standards and certification systems in accordance with current laws;

At provincial level, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE) is legal body responsible for environmental regulation during project construction and operation. In addition, according to new regulation, to support DONRE, environmental management were decentralized to district level or could be authorized to commune/ward level.

Environmental Laws and Standards related to the project A summary of key national laws governing environmental management of concern to the project include but are not limited to the following: • Law on Environmental Protection dated 29th November, 2005. • Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated 9th August, 2006 on detailed regulation and

implementation guidance for some clauses of Law on Environmental Protection. • Circular No. 08/2006/TT-BTNMT dated 8th September, 2006 on guidance of strategic

environmental assessment, environmental impacts assessment and commitment to environmental protection.

• Decree No. 91/2002 (11th November, 2002) on the Mandate, Organization and Functions of MONRE.

• Decision No. 45/QD-TTg (2nd April, 2003) on establishing provincial Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE).

• MONRE Decision No. 35 / 2002 / QD-BKHCNMT on standards to be applied during the preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA).

Danang PIIP is a multi-sectorial on outspread area of the city so that it related to many environmental standards. Standard of water environmental, noise and air related to the Project are listed on Table 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 as below:

Table 0-1 National Standards on Water Quality

No Name TCVN 5294-1995 Water quality - Principles for choice and quality assessment of water

sources for drinking and household water supply TCVN 5524-1995 Water quality – General requirements for protecting surface water

against pollution TCVN 5525-1995 Water quality – General requirements for protection of underground

water TCVN 5942-1995 Water quality – Surface water quality standards; TCVN 5943-1995 Water quality – Coastal water quality standard TCVN 5944-1995 Water quality – Ground water quality standard



Table 0-2 National Standards of Noise

No Name

TCVN 5948-1999 Acoustics – Noise emitted by accelerating road vehicles – permitted maximum noise level

TCVN 5949-1998 Acoustics – Noise in publish and resident areas – maximum permitted noise level

Table 0-3 National Standards on Air Quality

No Name

TCVN 5937-1995 Air quality – Ambient air quality standards TCVN 5938-1995 Air quality – Maximum allowable concentration of hazardous substance

in ambient air TCVN 5939-1995 Air quality – Industrial emission standards – Inorganic substances and

dusts TCVN 5940-1995 Air quality – Industrial emission standards – Organic substances

World Bank safeguard policies to be addressed in the EA

In addition to environmental review and approval procedures of the Government of Vietnam, the PIIP must be prepared and implemented in accordance with the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies. An EA for a Category A project examines the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the do nothing option) and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance.

Based on a review of the sub-project area and proposed activities, application of the following World Bank environmental and social safeguard policies were assessed during the EA process:

• Environmental Assessment – Operational Procedural/ Bank Procedure 4.01 (OP/BP 4.01):

• Cultural Resources (OP 4.11)

Stakeholder Consultations: In accordance with the Bank’s Operational Procedure (OP) 4.01 and Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP, two stages of consultations will be conducted and documented. The first stage was conducted in April 2006 with people predicted to be affected by the project’s 3 components in phase 1. The second stage of stakeholder consultations on the draft EA was conducted from 10th to 13th June, 2007. Public Disclosure: In accordance with Bank Procedure (BP 4.01) and Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP, completed EA must be made available to the public. The draft EA will be disclosed in Washington DC, the Vietnam Development Information Centre (VIDC) in Hanoi, the Danang City People’s Committee (CPC), the Danang Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DONRE), the PIIP Project Management Unit (PMU), offices of the Wards related to project activities, and were accessible in a form, manner, and language intelligible to local non-government organizations (NGOs) and project affected people (PAPs). The English version of EA report for phase 1 was disclosed on 31 August, 2007 at VIDIC and at Washington DC on 31 August, 2007. The Vietnamese version of EA report was disclosed at PMU, Danang DONRE and related Wards on 24 September, 2007.



Environmental Assessment implementation The Environmental Assessment Report of Danang PIIP was prepared by Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) • Consultancy: Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) • Director: Nguyen Xuan Doan • Address: 54/12 Dao Tan Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi The staffs that took part in the project implementation and preparation of EA Report are as follow:

Table 0-4 List of personnel

No Name Position 1 Nguyen Xuan Doan Environmental specialist 2 Vu Thu Huong Environmental specialist 3 Pham Quang Phuc Environmental specialist 3 Nguyen Manh Phuc Environmental specialist 4 Nguyen Hoang Linh Environmental specialist 5 Nguyen Khanh Hoa Social specialist



PHASE 1 ACTIVITIES

Location map of projects areas for phase 1 is presented in figure 3-1.

Component A – Urban Upgrading

Tertiary infrastructure upgrading in LIAs

In phase 1, the project will invest in upgrading tertiary infrastructure in 4 LIAs, including;

• Upgrading Thanh Khe 1 and Xuan Hoa A LIA , Hoa Khe Ward, Thanh Khe District, the total upgrading area is some 34.88 ha, the proposed upgrading items are road system, lighting system, drainage system, water supply.

• Upgrading Thanh Khe 5 LIA, Thanh Khe Dong Ward, Thanh Khe District, the total upgrading area is some 9.92 ha, the proposed upgrading items are roads, drainage sewers, public lighting system, water supply system and play ground.

• Upgrading Chau Thanh LIA, Nam Duong Ward, Hai Chau District, the total upgrading area is some 4.08 ha, the proposed upgrading items are road system, lighting system, drainage system, water supply and Ma Voi market.

• Upgrading Trung Tam LIA, Hai Chau 2 Ward, Hai Chau District, the total upgrading area is some 2.19ha, the proposed upgrading items are roads, tertiary drainage system, water supply system and public lighting.

Detailed sub-components in each LIA are as follows.

Table 0-1 Scale of sub-components in LIAs – Phase 1

Quantity Investment items Unit Thanh Khe 1 + Xuan Hoa A

Thanh Khe 5

Chau Thanh Trung Tam

Area ha 34.88 9.92 4.08 2.19Number of households hh 1,160 502 377 293Roads Construct new road with 19.5m width, asphalt concrete surface

m 603

Upgrade existing road with 5.5m width, asphalt concrete surface

m 886 414 414

Upgrade existing road with 5.0m width, cement concrete surface

m 229

Upgrading existing lanes with 3.5m with, cement concrete surface

m 397 208 150 209

Upgrading existing lanes with 2.5m width, cement concrete surface

m 98 98 209

Street lighting Laying cable m 3,300 1,628 622 414

Water supply Install new distribution pipe D110

HDPE pipe m 6 359 95

Install new service pipe D63 HDPE

pipe m 587

Install new service pipe D50 HDPE m 429 652 252 261



pipe

Install new service pipe 40 HDPE pipe m 1,136.5 1,660 58 296


pipe m

1,227 363


pipe m

150

Install new Fire hydrant D100 set 6 3 3 2

Install water meter for household set 972 409 121 91

Drainage

Construct new tertiary collecting sewer; B=0.4m m 660

328267

Construct new tertiary collecting sewer; B=0.6m m 286.5

219297.5 110

Construct main sewer for new road B=0.8m m 97Construct main sewer for new road B=1m m 188Connecting pipe for household wastewater connection, D110 PVC m 1,620

700360

510

Upgrade market m2 506Upgrade playground m2 1,356



Figure 0-1 Location map of project areas for phase 1



Resettlement Housing Areas

The Consultant with Danang DOC, Danang PIIP’s PMU have surveyed the site and selected three areas as follows:

a. Hoa Khanh - Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh Ward Resettlement Area (RA)

This area of 4.25ha next to the Administrative Center of Lien Chieu district. At present, the area is rice field with 55 households and a part of land is open area of the warehouse No. 475. The elevation of the area varies from +1.60 (ponds, lakes) up to +8.50. The access road is a planned road with section 5.0m + 10.5m + 5.0m connecting to Lien Chieu – Thuan Phuoc road. This resettlement site is for affected families from Lien Chieu district and some affected families from Thanh Khe district. Design for infrastructure in LIAs is as follows:

- Construct distribution roads with cross section of 5m+10.5m+5m and 448m length; roads with cross section of 4m+7.5m+4m and 421m length; and another road with cross section of 3m+5.5m+3m and 1,148m length. The roads will have hot bitumen paved surface with standing loading capacity of H13, concrete bricks pavement;

- Resettlement plots have average area of 76.5 square meters, the smallest of 50 square meters and the biggest of 90 square meters. At the rear of the housing units, a corridor/ wayleaf has been created for a drain to collect wastewater from the houses, this drains is connected into the combined sewer under the sidewalks.

- Design of water supply: domestic water demand is 150l/ capita-day. Water will be supplied from existing water supply pipeline φ200mm of North-West 2 pipeline. The trunk water pipeline would be ductile iron pipe φ150mm. Household connections will be made available from service networks of D60 HDPE and D110 uPVC pipes. Fire hydrants with service radius of 150m will also be installed.

- Design of domestic wastewater collection: grey and flush wastewater from households will be collected by a common r.c channel with r.c cover and width B=350mm constructed along the corridor, then discharged into the collection manholes located at the road.

- Design of storm water: the drainage system of the area is in fact a combined system, which will collect both storm water and domestic wastewater from households. All the drainage systems will discharge to Ho Tung Mau sewer in the new North West residential area. From here, wastewater will be discharged to North West area belonging to catchment of Phu Loc WWTP. Wastewater will be separated downstream and conducted to the existing Phu Loc WWTP for treatment.

b. Hoa Quy RA

This is an area of 5.9ha in the north of southern ring road of the city and Danang University Campus, next to the planned Dong Tra residential area. The elevation of the area is from +3.69 (ponds, lakes) up to +7.90, the average elevation is from 5.20m. There are only some old graves and few houses. Access road to the site is the existing road connecting to Luu Quang Vu and Tran Dai Nghia roads. This RA is for affected families from Son Tra, Ngu Hanh Son and Cam Le districts. Design of this RA is as follows;

- Construction of distribution road with cross section of 5m+10.5m+5m and 154m length; roads with cross section of 4.5m+7.5m+4.5m and 580m length; and another roads with cross section of 4.5m+5.5m+4.5m and 694m length. The structure includes hot bitumen paved surface with standing loading capacity of H13, concrete bricks pavement;

- Resettlement plots with average area of 97 square meters, the smallest of 80 square meters and the biggest of 122 square meters. At the rear of the housing units, a corridor/



wayleaf has been created for a drain to collect wastewater from the houses, this drains is connected into the combined sewer under the sidewalks.

- Design of water supply: domestic water demand is 150l/ capita-day. Water will be taken from the existing water supply pipeline φ200mm at Luu Quang Vu road to supply for Dong Tra residential area and Danang University Campus. The trunk water pipeline would be φ110mm HDPE pipe. Households will be connected to service networks of D60 HDPE and D110 uPVC pipes.

- Design of domestic wastewater collection : grey and flush wastewater from households will be collected by a common r.c channel with r.c cover and width of B=350mm constructed along the corridors, then discharged into the collection manholes located at the road.

- Design of storm water : drainage system of the area is actually a combined system, which will collect both storm water and domestic wastewater from households. All storm water drains are discharged to the existing drainage system in Dong Tra resettlement site and then goes towards the South city ring road to gather into the drainage system in Ngu Hanh Son area. Wastewater in this area is also within the Ngu Hanh Son catchment and will be gathered downstream Tran Dai Nghia street, then separated and conveyed to Ngu Hanh Son WWTP for treatment.

c. Thanh Khe Tay RA, Thanh Khe district

This is a sunken area of 5.18ha next to the Phu Loc river and 29/3 Textile Company. There are about 155 households living here and some old graves. The elevation of the area is from +0.70 (Phu Loc river bank) up to +4.60 (existing residential area). Access road to the site is the existing road connecting the residential area and 29/3 Textile Company with Tran Cao Van road (Dung Sy Thanh Khe road). This RA is for affected families from Thanh Khe and Hai Chau districts.

- Construction of distribution road with cross section of 4m+10.5m+4m and 155m length; roads with cross section of 4.5m+7.5m+4.5m and 580m length; and another roads with cross section of 3m+5.5m+3m and 736m length. The structure includes hot bitumen paved surface with standing loading capacity of H13, concrete bricks pavement;

- Resettlement plots with average area of 77.8 square meters, the smallest of 65 square meters and the biggest of 88 square meters. At the rear of the housing units, a corridor/ wayleaf has been created for a drain to collect wastewater from the houses, this drains is connected into the combined sewer under the sidewalks.

- Design of water supply: domestic water demand is 150l/ capita-day. Water will be supplied from the city’s existing water supply pipeline. Household connections will be made to service networks of D60 HDPE and D110 uPVC pipes.

- Design of domestic wastewater collection: grey and flush wastewater from households will be collected by a common r.c channel with r.c cover and width of B=350mm constructed along the corridors, then discharged into the collection manholes located at the road.

- Design of storm water : drainage system of the area is actually a combined system, which will collect both storm water and domestic wastewater from households. As this area belongs to the Phu Loc river catchment, all storm water drains then flow towards the Phu Loc river, while wastewater will be separated and conducted to the Phu Loc WWTP for treatment.

Table 0-2 Summary of construction quantity in RAs

Quantity Items Unit Hoa Minh -

Hoa Khanh RAHoa Quy RA Thanh Khe Tay

RA Area ha 7.18 5.96 5.18Roads Construct roads 20.5m width m 447.64 154.25



Construct roads 18.5m width m 155.02Construct roads 16.5m width m 579.72

Construct roads 15.5m width m 420.57

Construct roads 14.5m width m 693.50

Construct roads 11.5m width m 1,148.20 735.52

Water supply Install distribution pipeline D150 DI m 468

Install distribution pipeline D110 HDPE

m 449 537 1.060

Install service pipeline D60 HDPE m 1,545 1.700 1.011

Install service pipeline D60 HDPE m 627 897 333

Install fire hydrant D100 set 3 2 4

Install water meter for household set 209 266 111

Drainage system

Install combined sewer GID1000-RC m 283.5 131.5

Install combined sewer GID800-RC m 323 435.5 43.5

Install combined sewer GID600-RC m 1,542 1,329.6 744

Install box culvert crossing the road B1000-RC

m 98 15


m 82 12 21


m 126 143 63

Install wastewater collecting sewer BxH=0.35x0.5

m 966.5 888.8 379

Houshold connection D110 PVC m 525 665 280

Leveling

Volume of top soil removal m3 9,733 0 0

Volume of replaced soil m3 9733 0

Volume of soil excavation m3 77,134 7,442 53,692

Volume of soil filling K0.85 m3 12,978 34,807 19,578

Volume of soil removed/ coming m3 73.889,05 -27,365 34,114

Component B – Environmental management

Improvement of Phu loc river

a. River lining and service roads

In this phase, the Phu Loc river is being upgraded by dredging, lining of the river banks and service roads with street lighting and drainage. The extent of the river to be covered under this sub-component will be from Channel bridge No.1 through Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh canal to end point of Phu Loc Bridge on Nguyen Tat Thanh road and will include outlet to the sea.



b. Drainage and wastewater collection

The drainage system in this area is still a combined system as most of the sewers connected to the Phu Loc river are collecting both rain water and wastewater. For each outlet, a manhole will be constructed to separate wastewater into interceptor sewers, which will be conveyed to Phu Loc WWTP for treatment, whereas storm water will be separated and discharged into the river.

Along two sides of pavement, sewers to collect wastewater will be installed at the pavement next to collecting sewer and interceptor sewer lines will also be constructed.

The proposed main investment items of Phu Loc river are presented in table 3-3.

Table 0-3 Main investment items of Phu Loc river

No. Items Unit Quantity 1 Lining the river at both sides m 2,000 2 Dredging m3 22,465 3 Constructing service roads 3.1 Constructing Left Bank Road with cross section of

(3 + 5.5 + 3)m m 1,862

3.2 Constructing Right Bank Road with cross section of (3 + 5.5 + 3)m

m 791

3.3 Constructing Right Bank Road with cross section of (6 + 7.5 + 4.5)m

m 475

4 Installing drainage and wastewater collection sewers along the river

m 5,875

Related primary and secondary drainage for LIAs

- Thanh Khe 1 and Xuan Hoa A LIA: it is proposed that there are two side drains along the Ha Huy Tap street, which partly discharges into Lake Dieu Tiet in the east and into the main drain going to Lake Bau Sen in the west.

- Thanh Khe 5 LIA: there are two side drains along Road K814 and discharge it into Phu Loc river in south west location.

- Chau Thanh LIA: provide a primary outlet along alleyway H510 from Nguyen Hoang St. to Thac Gian lake.

Table 0-4 Primary and secondary drainage for LIAs

No. Items Unit Quantity I Thanh Khe 1 & Xuan Hoa A LIA 1 New primary drainage along extension Ha Huy Tap

Street m 2x592

II Thanh Khe 5 LIA 1 New primary culvert along alleyway K814 m 352 2 New primary culvert along alleyway K814/81 m 135 III Chau Thanh LIA 1 Dredging mud and rubbish, clearing water flow of

existing culvert on alleyway 82 – Nguyen Van Linh street

m 340

2 New primary culvert along Alleyway H510 on Nguyen Hoang street

m 200



Figure 0-2 Plan of Phu Loc r iver and access roads

Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project Environmental Assessment Report – Phase 1a


ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT

Introduction Impacts of the project are presented in consistemt with project sub-components, including 4 parts. The part one is positive impacts of the phase 1. The part two is environmental impacts of Component A – Urban Upgrading. The part three is environmental impacts of Component B – Environmental Management. The part four is impacts to cultural properties.

Positive impacts The project implementation will bring positive effects to people living in project areas as well as the city. a. Supply clean water for residents: Most of the existing shallow water in project areas has

been polluted by bacteria, thus unsafe for use for drinking and domestic purposes. The project upon completion will support in supplying water for daily domestic purposes for communities, which helps in long term improve public health. Based on the existing water supply in project areas, the beneficiaries in Hoa Khe and Chau Thanh LIAs would outnumber those in the other areas.

b. Increase drainage capacity, reduce inundation: by installing new drains and dredging existing sewers, drainage capacity of the system will be significantly improved, particularly in areas that are sunken or have not any drainage system yet as well as in areas along the Phu Loc river.

c. Solve pollution from wastewater: field trips and public consultations showed that, pollution from wastewater was common in most of the project areas, especially along the Phu Loc river. During operation phase, wastewater from the Phu Loc river’s catchment will be collected and treated in the WWTP, which helps eliminate the problem of polluting wastewater and improve public health in project areas.

d. Improve environment of the Phu Loc river and Danang Bay: the river has been polluted by wastewater for years, which in turn influenced the water quality of Danang Bay around its outlet. After being rehabilitated, the river water quality would be significantly improved, which help recover the aquatic ecosystem and increase aquatic resources in the river and in Danang Bay as well. During operation, the Phu Loc river would create a beautiful landscape for Danang city if it is well managed. Danang Bay is a beautiful view of the city, however, it has been polluted by effluents from Phu Loc river as well as other city’s outlets. In the future, together with water quality improvement, this area possibly becomes a tourist place of the city and might need to be protected.

e. Increase landuse value: road and alleys as upgraded and widened will facilitate local traffic, contributing to economic development and living condition improvement. These changes would indirectly increase landuse value in project areas.

Environmental impacts of Component A

Environmental impacts of Sub-component A1 – Upgrading LIAs

Table 4-1 summarizes environmental impacts by Sub-component A1 activities.



Table 0-1 Summary of Potential environmental impacts by Sub-Component A1: Upgrading LIA

Sub-Component Activities Impacts

Construction Phase:- Increased dust and noise due to demolishing structures - Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Increased noise and air emission from transportation vehicles and construction equipment, mainly at areas applied mechanical construction method - Storage of materials causing disturbance to public and traffic - Generated domestic waste by workers - Temporary disturbance to small businesses Operation Phase:- Increased run-off water

Upgrade/ Construct Roads and alleys

- Damage to roads/ alleys surface Construction Phase:- Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Temporary disruption of power supply Operation Phase:

Install Street lighting

- No impact Construction Phase:- Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Increased noise and air emission from transportation vehicles and construction equipment - Smell during sludge dredging - Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge - Generated domestic waste by workers - Temporary disruption of drainage system - Temporary flooding during rain - Temporary disruption of Utilities such as electricity, telephone, TV cable… - Temporary storage of materials and excavated soil causing obstacle to public and traffic - Temporary disturbance to small businesses - Damage to road surface/ other utilities - Risk of accidents Operation Phase- Stagnation of sewage, odor problem - Smell during sludge dredging - Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge

Construct Drainage system

- Contamination to ground water due to leakage of sewers and manholes Construction Phase:- Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Generated domestic waste by workers - Temporary disruption of water supply - Accumulation of excavated soil causing inconvenience to public - Damage to road surface/ other utilities Operation Phase:

Install Water Supply Pipeline

- No impact Construction Phase:- Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Increased noise during construction - Generated domestic waste by workers

Upgrade Thanh Khe 1 and Xuan Hoa A LIA, Thanh Khe 5 LIA, Chau Thanh LIA and Trung Tam LIA

Construct Playground (for Thanh Khe 5 LIA only)

- Temporary disruption of water supply, drainage and power supply



Sub-Component Activities Impacts Operation Phase:- Increased domestic waste from recreation activities Construction Phase:- Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Increased noise and air emission from transportation vehicles and construction equipment - Generated domestic waste from workers - Temporary storage of materials and excavated soil causing obstacle to public and traffic - Temporary disruption of businesses - Temporary disruption of water supply, drainage and power supply - Labor safety Operation phase- Contamination by organic wastes - Increased wastewater - Increased air pollution and smell

Construct Ma Voi Market (for Chau Thanh LIA only)

- Safety risk to neighborhood households due to fire

Below is some more clarification on the general environmental impacts that are mentioned in the table above:

Impact during construction phase

The main activities that would cause environment impacts during construction of component A1 include (i) Widening and upgrading alleys for LIAs; (ii) Construction of water supply and drainage system; (iii) Upgrading public lighting system for LIAs; (iv) Upgrading social infrastructure including: market, playground. - Dust, air emissions and noise: caused by activities such as upgrading, expanding

alleys and roads, excavating for sewer installation, transporting wastes or material in and out, or operating machines will all create air pollution and noise, which need to be paid special attention when construction activities are carried out very closely to the residential area or at main roads.

- Wastewater and run-off water: Upgrading and expanding alleys, installation of water pipelines or drainage sewers related to demolishing sewers of houses, breaking manholes would cause wastewater outflow onto the ground and its stagnation, and bad smell for surrounding areas. Domestic wastewater generated by workers on site during construction would also cause negative impacts to environment, especially in rainy condition or long construction period. As demolishing of existing drains will lead to preventing water flow, storm water may cause inundation for hours.

- Solid wastes: solid wastes generated during construction include (i) excavated soil during alley expansion, digging trenches for water pipeline and drainage sewers, digging for installing poles or electric lines and (ii) domestic solid waste from workers.

- Traffic obstacle: Traffic jam may happen in rush hours due to the following: (i) Material storage at larger alleys or main roads would affect the traffic in these areas and (ii) increase traffic flow.

During construction phase, the main impacts would occur in extention Ha Huy Tap road in Thanh Khe 1 & Xuan Hoa A LIA due to lagre construction quantity (road has 19.5m width and 603m length) Dredging sludge from existing sewer occurs in the Thanh Khe 5 and Chau Thanh LIAs only for construction of manholes, thus impacts by this activity are negligible and manageable.



Impact during operation phase

During operation phase, there will be mainly positive impacts to local people, yet there will be also some negative impacts as follows:

- Air emissions and odor/ toxic gases: The main pollution source of impact during operation of LIAs is odor from noxiuos gas emitted from closed sewers, which is higher in dry season than in rainy season and highest during dredging and maintaining the sewers that would impact on workers as well as on people living within the site. Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge would also impact on surround area and disposal place.

- Wastewater /run-off water: Concrete roads and alleys would reduce absorbability of the ground and increase the amount of run-off water. During the operation of LIAs, domestic wastewater load will also be regularly generated by the households and small business activities there.

- Domestic solid waste: This kind of waste comes from households and business activities. According to Danang environmental report year 2005, an average solid waste generated per capita is 0.86kg/day.

In operation phase, a part of sewage from Chau Thanh LIA will discharge into Thac Gian Lake. However, there is a wastewater collection intercepter around the lake, wastewater will be separated and conveyed to city sewer, then treated in Phu Loc WWTP. Thus discharging sewage from Chau Thanh LIA will not affect to water environment.

Conclusion: Main impacts during construction phase include temporary flood from wastewater and run-off water, traffic obstacle and safety. Among 4 upgraded LIAs, impacts in Thanh Khe 1 + Xuan Hoa A LIA, occurring mainly at Ha Huy Tap road are larger than in the other areas due to large construction quantity. Details of impacts for each LIA are in the Community Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) and attached in Annex D.

Environmental impacts of Sub-component A2 – Resettlement Housing Areas

Table 4-2 summarizes potential environmental impacts of Sub-component A2 activities.

Table 0-2 Summary of Potential environmental impacts by Sub-Component A2: Resettlement Housing Areas


Construction Phase:

- Loss of trees and vegetation - Loss of agricultural land - Increased dust and noise due to demolishing structures - Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Increased noise and air emission from transportation vehicles and construction equipment - Generated domestic waste from workers, about 2.5 – 5m3 wastewater and 25-50kg solid waste per day - Temporary flood during rains - Possible traffic jam at transportation route - Leakage of residual oil

- Risk of accidents - Labor health and safety - Possible cracking of adjacent buildings due to deep excavation of foundation for apartment blocks

Construct Hoa Minh – Hoa Khanh RA, Thanh Khe Tay RA and Hoa Quy RA (for 355 HHs, 295 HHs and 345 HHs respectively)

- Site clearance - Construct physical infrastructure - Construct apartment blocks (2 blocks for Hoa Minh – Hoa Khanh RA and 1 block for Thanh Khe Tay RA) - Construct Thanh Khe Tay Public school

Operation Phase:



- Generated wastewater by the RAs’ residents in an amount of approximately 480 m3/day (for unit wastewater load calculated as 80% of water supply demand design of 150 l/ capita.day) - Stagnation of sewage, odor problem - Odor during sludge dredging - Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge - Contamination to ground water due to leakage of sewers and manholes - Generated solid waste by the RA residents of approximately 3.4 T/day (for unit solid waste load of 0.86kg/ capita.day)

Below is some more clarification on the generic environmental impacts that are mentioned in the table above:

Impacts during construction phase

The main activities of sub-component A2 including: site clearance, constructing physical infrastructure such as road, water supply and drainage system, apartment blocks (2 blocks for Hoa Minh – Hoa Khanh RA and 1 block for Thanh Khe Tay RA) and Thanh Khe Tay Public school. Among 3 RAs, construction of the Thanh Khe Tay will be commenced sooner to ensure this RA is ready before commencement of phase 1. - Loss of trees and vegetation: trees and vegetational cover at RAs will be destroyed

for site clearance. - Loss of agricultural land: existing agricultural land will be acquired to construct

RAs. - Dust, air emissions and noise: caused by demolition and construction activities

such as earth work excavation and leveling, construction of physical infrastructure as well as apartment blocks, which would cause temporary but long-lasting inconvenience to surrounding.

- Wastewater and run-off water: wastewater generated from worker in the site. Run-off water from RAs, which is in higher level than surrounding area might cause inconvenience to neighboring.

- Solid wastes: solid wastes generated during construction include (i) excess excavated soil, and (ii) domestic solid waste from workers.

- Traffic obstacle: Traffic jam may happen in rush hours due to increasing traffic flow in transportation of excess excavated soil and construction material, this impact might last during the whole construction period.



- Air emissions and odor/ toxic gases: The main pollution source of impact during operation of RAs is odor from noxiuos gas emitted from closed sewers, which is higher in dry season than in rainy season and highest during dredging and maintaining the sewers that would impact on workers as well as on people living within the site. Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge would also impact on surround area and disposal place.

- Wastewater: During the operation of RAs, domestic wastewater load will also be regularly generated by the household daily activities there.

- Domestic solid waste: This kind of waste comes from households and business activities. According to Danang environmental report year 2005, an average solid waste generated per capita is 0.86kg/day.



Environmental pollution in proximity to the site:

The Thanh Khe Tay resettlement site is about 50m away from 29/3 Textile company. A ground water sample was taken close to the Textile company and Phu Loc river to find out whether ground water there was contaminated or not. The testing results are shown in annex A. Tested results show that ground water in this area is not polluted by industrial wastewater. All heavy metal parameter are below standard. The Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh area is one part of the warehouse No. 475, there are no industrial enterprises near the area, so it is not polluted by industrial source. The Hoa Quy area is one part of city’ residential area, around the site is sand and graves, there are no industrial enterprises in the area. Conclusion: during construction phase of resettlement areas, air environment shall be affected mainly by dust and noise. Suitable traffic schedule should be applied to avoid traffic jam. These impacts would occur through construction period for 6-12 months. Impacts during operation of resettlement areas are mainly positive. Negative impacts occur during dredging and maintenance of sewage system, collecting and treatment of domestic wastes. These impacts are however not high and manageable. Detailed impact assessments of RAs are presented in the annex B.

Environmental impacts of Component B - Environmental Management

Impacts by Sub-component B1 – Phu Loc river environmental improvement

The main items are proposed in Sub-component B1 are: embankment of river bank, dredging, transportation and disposal dredged sludge, constructing roads and drainage/ interceptors along both sides of the river. Summary of impacts by Sub-component B1 activities is as in following table.

Table 0-3 Summary of Potential environmental impacts by Sub-Component B1: Phu Loc river environmental improvement


Construction Phase:- Increased dust due to movement of transportation vehicles and construction equipment - Increased noise and air emission from transportation vehicles and construction equipment - Leakage of residual oil and grease - Increased traffic flow - Temporary disruption of drainage system - Risk of landslide Operation Phase:

Lining of both sides

- No impact - Total dredged sludge: 22,465m3 - Dredged sludge quality: contaminated by heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium and zinc Dredging:- Exhausted air emission and offensive odor

- Oil and grease from dredging equipment

- Lost of docking place

Handling and transporting of dredged sludge:

- Repolluted the river by leachate and leakage sludge - Risk of leakage on the transportation route - Increased traffic flow, estimated at 50 trips/ day on transportation route, ie. Hoang Van Thai road - Increased dust levels due to movement of tank trucks on transportation route

Improvement of the Phu Loc River

Dredging, transportation and disposal of sludge

Disposal of dredged sludge:



- Dredged sludge will be disposed of at the Khanh Son landfill - Dredged sludge will be dried up at every layer, estimated necessary area of drying bed is about 0.5ha, total dried sludge height is about 2.5m Impacts at Khanh Son landfill:- Offensive odor due to air emission - Impact by leachate from dredged sludge - Risk to scavengers inside the landfill Construction Phase:- Loss of trees and vegetation - Increased dust and noise due to demolishing structures - Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Increased noise and air emission from transportation vehicles and construction equipment - Generated domestic waste by workers - Temporary disruption of drainage system - Temporary flood during rains - Increased traffic flow - Leakage of residual oil - Damage of road surface and bridges - Risk of accident - Possible cracking of adjacent buildings due to deep excavation Operation Phase:- Increased dust and noise due to movement of vehicles - Risk of traffic accident - Stagnation of water on the road - Stagnation of sewage, odor problem - Odor during sludge dredging - Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge

Roads and Drainage/ Interceptor along both sides

- Contamination to ground water due to leakage of sewers and manholes Pollution sources:- Effluent from Phu Loc WWTP: capacity of 59,700m3/d, BOD in influent: 150mg/l - Effluent from 29/3 Textile company: capacity of 1,500m3/d, BOD in influent: 380mg/l - Effluent from Dermatology Hospital: capacity of 200m3/d, BOD in influent: 300mg/l - Effluent from Healthcare Centre of Thanh Khe District: capacity of 100m3/d, BOD in influent: 300mg/l Impacts:- In case the Textile company, Dermatology Hospital and Healthcare Centre of Thanh Khe District connect to Phu Loc WWTP, but none of WWTPs is in operate, the mixed BOD in Phu Loc river is 27.8mg/l, 1.1 times higher than standard. In case Phu Loc WWTP will treat all untreated non-domestic wastewater, the mixed BOD concentration in Phu Loc river will range from about 21.4 –21.91mg/l, this is below the standard (TCVN 5942-1995)

Phu Loc river in operation phase

- Sand deposition in the Phu Loc river outlet would reduce dilution between river and sea water

Generic impacts

Impacts during construction

In fact, the items embankment, road and drainage/ interceptors will be constructed together, thus impacts during construction phase for those items are generic and collective. Hereafter are some clarifications on the generic environmental impacts that are mentioned in the table above.



- Dust: Pollution by dust during the construction of the items would be caused by road excavation for sewer pipe laying (about 1-100g of dust particles/ 1m3 excavated soil), during demolition of the existing underground works as well as by construction equipment and machines in the work areas and vehicles along transportation routes used for hauling materials. The volume of dust generated by vehicles is estimated based on the estimated number of vehicle trips needed and the length of transportation route, with the use of the quick assessment method of the World Health Organization (WHO).

- Air emissions: air emission (SO2, NOx, CO, VOC) will be generated by equipment and machines in the work areas and vehicles along transportation routes used for hauling materials as a big amount of vehicles would go in and out construction area. The volume of exhaust fumes is estimated based on the estimated number of vehicle trips needed and the length of transportation route, with the use of the quick assessment method of the World Health Organization (WHO).

- Noise and vibration: Noise and vibration will be generated mainly by big construction equipment (excavators, bulldozer, concrete mixers etc.), fixed equipment as point sources and the transportation vehicle fleets transporting materials out/in the site as area sources within a narrow area. It is also caused by demolishing underground works.

- Wastewater and run-off water: wastewater load is generated by workers at the site in an amount of 50l/ capita-day in case they take bath and wash clothes on-site. Run-off water would be generated from rain water at construction areas and sewer trenches, from wastewater overflow due to drainage interuption, or during the process of water spraying or vehicle cleaning, with high content of suspended solid and turbidity because of soil during construction, of which the most considerable pollution source is rain water overflow. Volume of run-off water depends on rain intensity, raining duration and open construction area.

- Solid wastes: include mainly excavated soil comprising organic soil and medium coarse sand (because most sections of the Phu Loc river sides are earth banks), a small amount of construction debris from demolishing existing underground works or road excavation, and solid waste generated by workers at the site.

- Leakage of residual oil and grease: residual oil shall be generated from preparation or equipment maintenance process with an average amount of grease to be changed from each construction machine is some 7l per each change for every 3-6 months. In case of leakage from the residual oil and grease storage or overflow water together with oil from construction equipment, the water and ground environment would be polluted.

- Traffic obstacle: Traffic obstacle would be caused at main transportation routes due to increasing volume of vehicles. Excavated soil and/ or material storage at the roadworks may also cause negative impacts on the traffic and safety of local residents, especially at narrow roads.

The detailed impact assessments during construction for all above mentioned items are presented in the annex B.

Impacts during operation

Impacts during O&M of roads and drainage/ interceptors are mainly positive, yet there will be also some negative impacts as follows:

- Dust, noise and air emission: fugitive dust generated from movement of vehicles on the road. Noise, air emissions are generated from engines of vehicles.

- Risk of accident: increasing of traffic flow would lead to risk of accident to passengers. - Stagnation of water: sewage in the drain would be stagnant due to blocking of sewers or

deposits in the drains or manholes. Stagnant sewage would be overflowed and inundate road surface, or be digested in the sewers or manholes, creates bad odor and inconvenience to public.



- Air emissions and odor/ toxic gases: The main substances generated in the process of operating and maintaining the sewerage system include some odors getting out from the manholes on the network. The main air emission is H2S and some other kinds of gas. The factors that influence the gas emission include temperature, ingredients and characteristics of the wastewater. The air emission is generated as a result of the digestion process of sewage from the stagnated sediment in the interceptor and manholes, especially in the dry season. During the operation and maintenance of the sewerage system, directly affected will be the workers who do the periodic maintenance and dredging work. The households who live nearby will also be affected. Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge would also impact on surround area and disposal place.

- Contamination to ground water: leakage wastewater from interceptor and manholes would infiltrate into soil and contaminate ground water.

Impacts by dredging, transportation and disposal of sludge from Phu Loc river

Impacts of sediment dredging

Major impacts during dredging process include:

- Increasing turbidity and turbulence of pollutants in sludge - Air emission and odor. According to geological condition of river bed, there are two kind of dredged sediment: top sludge with estimated volum is 22,465m3 and fine sand with estimated volume of 62,879m3. a. Increasing turbidity and turbulence of pollutants Estimated volume of dredged sludge along the Phu Loc river is 22,465m3; Besides, among the materials to be dredged, there may be a small amount of construction waste created from the demolishing process and solid waste created from daily activities of people who live along the river.

- Increasing turbidity: with relatively large amount of dredged sludge and grains of sizes below 0.3mm accounting for 24.1% to 55.5% of sludge composition, the process of sediment dredging in the Phu Loc river will increase the turbidity level in the river water, affecting the quality of the water on the surface of Da Nang Gulf, where the river outlet flows into the sea. The increase in turbidity level will create impacts on the lives of aquatic animals. However, as the river has been receiving wastewater for years, there is no valuable aquatic animal living in it. There are no aquaculture planting and raising areas or beaches around the river outlet either. On the other hand, due to considerable water flow exchange between the river and the sea, impact caused by the increase in turbidity level is not so dramatic, and it only comes to effect during tide ebbs. In this case, the salinity in the sea water will cause the sediment to settle down, hence increase clogging in the outlet area. When the tide rises, the hanging dregs can be swept away up to the upstream area, but this effect can not be accountable because the beginning point of the Phu Loc river is connected with the Hoa Minh drainage channel and the existing turbidity there is already high. It is estimated that the turbidity level will increase most at the river section that is dredged. However, as dredging activities and method depend on each specific segment of the river, using suitable dredging method can reduce this kind of bad effects.

- Turbulence of bottom sediment and increasing contaminants: Beside the impact of increasing the turbidity, sediment raised from the bottom of the river also leads to some increase in the content of other contaminants in the water such as heavy metal and bacteria accumulated in the bottom sediment. These substances are able to be gone with the stream flowing to Da nang Gulf. Due to high heavy metal content in bottom sludge, during dredging,



it will diperse into water and lead to high heavy metal content, quality of sea water would also be affected during dredging by toxic contaminant. High heavy metal in water will affect to aquatic animal in the river and bay, it could accumulate in the fish, benthic animals and mollusca, then to people through food chain. Chromium and Cadmium are considered as toxic and can affect to health of users.

b. Exhausted air emission and offensive odor

During the process of dredging, sediment which lies at the bottom of the river will be raised. As the stagnated sediment has been accumulated and disintegrated for years, it will generate exhaust fumes when contacting with the air. The generated fumes consist of Methane (CH4), Sulphur Hydro (H2S), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), which are the main fumes that cause unpleasant and bad odor to the surrounding place, especially in case the dredging is implemented in the dry season. Both CH4 and H2S are identified as toxic gases and can cause serious irritation and suffocation to people in high concentrations and long contact, particularly for the workers who carry out dredging. To avoid such potential impacts and risks, limited time exposure is required. Although the Phu Loc river catchment is next to Danang bay, due to the high density of houses and the blockage of Thanh Loc Dan apartment building, the possibility for the air to be ventilated by winds from the ocean is restricted. With a great amount of sediment to be dredged out (22,465m3) and a long implementing time (about 6 months), odor would affect mainly to workers carrying out dredging. Inhabitant living along the river, students and teachers in two schools in the area, which are Gymnastic College and Trade College, would be affected during dredging. However, those affected people are in at least 11.5m away from the river, because there are service roads along both sides of the river. Thanks for these spaces, impacts by odor to inhabitants could be reduced.

c. Oil and grease from dredging equipments

The lubricant in dredging equipment may mix into diluted sediment and drip into the river in the process of dredging. However, this source of pollution is estimated as being negligible.

d. Impacts to waterway traffic

The Phu Loc river outlet is the place where small bamboo boats and ships of local fishermen are docked. This is also an important waterway for fishermen in this area to get to Danang Bay. There are about 15 – 20 boats docking nearby river outlet. The process of dredging requires a part of river to be closed, which makes the river bed narrower, hence holding up the fishermen’s waterway. However, this kind of impact would occur in short time, and number of affected fishermen would be small, because a segment of river outlet, which is already has embankment, will be kept status quo. So by arranging the traffic reasonably, the ships and boats traffic can easily be organized and adjusted in most rational way. Conclusion: The main influences in the process of dredging the stagnated sediment include the increase of turbidity level, suspension of heavy metal from sludge, the cause of air pollution are emitted gases and offensive odor. These impacts are considerable if suitable methods to minimize them are not applied.

Impacts of handling and transporting dredged sediment

Dredged materials

In order to evaluate quality of the dredged sediment, sediment samples have been taken at 3 places: (1) At the Phu Loc river’s upstream, (2) At the downstream point of the city’s drainage outlet next to 29/3 Textile company, and (3) near the Phu Loc river outlet. In order to assess the



impact of the tide on the quality of sediment, the sediment samples were taken both during flood and ebb tides. Criteria related to sediment quality such as: components of sediment grain size, nutrition content, thermal content, salinity, heavy metals have been analyzed in order to propose method for beneficial reuse or disposal in a proper manner. The results of sediment quality analysis are presented in Table 4-4 and Table 4-5.

Table 0-4 Quality of dredged sediment in Phu Loc river

Sample No. Parameter Unit

B1-1 B1-2 B2-1 B2-2 B3-1 B3-2 1 pH - 7.4 7.6 8.0 7.7 7.7 7.5 2 Sal 0/00 0.4 0.35 2.38 2.06 2.96 2.26 3 TVS % 26.7 24.7 32.1 35.7 11.5 18.3 4 Pb mg/kg 264 227 310 354 23 27 5 Cu mg/kg 71 87 157 130 25 34 6 Zn mg/kg 485 457 550 528 87 65 7 Cd mg/kg 47 55 80 97 25 23 8 Hg mg/kg 2.7 1.8 2.1 2.1 Trace Trace 9 Cr6+ mg/kg 188 210 325 347 Trace Trace 10 Total N mg/kg 0.7 0.85 0.93 0.9 0.14 0.14 11 Total P mg/kg 0.37 0.41 0.65 0.98 0.09 0.1

12 Thermal content

KCal/Kg 1459 - 1515 - 1130 -

Note : Locations of specimen in figure 3-1 B2 : sample taken at upstream of the Phu Loc river B3 : sample taken next to 29/3 Textile Company B4 : sample taken near Phu Loc river outlet Grain size of dredged materials is presented in Table 4-5

Table 0-5 Grain size of dredged sediment from Phu Loc river

No. Size, d (mm) Unit Sample B2-1&B2-2 B3-1&B3-2 B4-1&B4-2

1 > 3mm % 14.7 10.8 33.7 2 1-3 mm % 15.5 15.2 25.1 3 0.3-1 mm % 18.3 18.5 17.1 4 0.1-0.3 mm % 29.8 30.2 13.2 5 < 0.1mm % 21.0 25.3 10.9

Notes: - TVS, thermal content, heavy metal were analyzed for grain size ≤ 0.3mm. - Thermal content was analyzed for composite sample (for 2 sampling).

The analysis results show that:

Deposit sludge has high nutrition content because the Phu Loc river has been receiving wastewater from the city for years. Sludge at upstream of the river has low salinity because it is less influenced by tide than that at the middle and outlet of the river. The heavy metal contents (cadmium, zinc, chromium) in the dredged sludge from upstream and at the middle of river is rather high, it might caused by wastewater from the 29/3 Textile company, which has been discharged directly to the river without any treatment for years before WWTP was operated in late year 2006.



To assess dredged sludge quality, several sludge standards were used as in the Table 4-6.

Table 0-6 Sludge standards (mg/ kg dry weight)

Parameter TCVN 7209-

2002 FAU UK guidelines USEPA

Class A Class B Class C Pb 500 1000 2000 840 Cu 50 100 200 500 4300 Zn 200 250 500 1000 7500 Cd 2 1 3 10 85 Hg - 1 3 10 57 Cr6+ - 100 200 500 3000

Note:

- Class A: Dredged material likely to be suitable for depositing to agrecultural or land adjacent to canals.

- Class B: Dredged material where concentration of contamination is sufficiently low that the material can be used beneficially. Consequently such material is exempt from being a waste.

- Class C: Dredged material classified as a waste and subject to controlled depositing.

In comparison with the Vietnamese standard, the dredged sludge is contaminated and could not be used for agriculture.

In comparison with the UK Guidelines, class B, the dredged sludge from upstream and middle of the river is contaminated by cadmium, chromium and zinc. If compared with class C, this sludge is contaminated by cadmium only. Based on this standard, the dredged sludge is considered as waste and subject to be disposed.

According to the USEPA standard, dredged sludge is not contaminated, there is no action needed.

Conclusion: As the above analyses and comparisons, the dredged sludge at upstream and middle of Phu Loc river is contaminated by heavy metal and shall be considered as waste and subject to deposited properly.

The dredged sludge at the river outlet (samples B4-1 and B4-2) is clean and can be reused beneficially. In fact, the river outlet area has been regularly deposited, so main composition of dredged material at this area is sand.

Impacts of handling and transporting of the dredged sediment are as follows:

- Dredged sludge is liquid and easy to leak during handling, leachate and leakage sludge with high solid and heavy metal content would return and repollute water. To reduce impact to water quality, sludge shall be removed by bucket and handle directly to truck. To avoid risk of spillage during handling, there are two methods that could be applied;

(i) Wet method: in this method, dredged sludge will be stored and transported in the tank truck from dredging to disposal site. This method needs more transportation vehicles than in dry method and the required area of disposal site is also larger. In fact,



this method is applied only in case there is no available space for drying bed at the dredging site.

(ii) Dry method: dredged sludge will be temporary stored at the site, let to dry up, and then transported to the disposal site. This method is more economic than wet method, because it could reduce needed vehicles, avoid spillage on the transportation route and the disposal area is also smaller.

In case of Phu Loc river, almost all of river banks are occupied by residential area, industrial factory and schools. There are only two spaces at upstream of the river. However, one of them is the proposed Thanh Khe Tay RA. The other one is planned Post III Hospital, so it could not be used. Moreover, this site is next to the sensitive works of the Trade College such as dormitory, kitchen, gymnasium, hence this site is not suitable to store dredged sludge. In this case, propose to use wet method for handling dredged sludge.

- With total volume of sludge is 22,465m3 and if 5m3 tank trucks are used, the estimated number of trucks needed is 50 trips/ day. Because the dredged sediment will be in a very muddy condition, the main issue during transportation of dredged sludge is leakage on the transportation route. With high content of heavy metal such as chromium and cadmium, dredged sludge is considered toxic and would be a risk if it goes to cultivated land. Transportation route of dredged sludge is the same way with current route to the Khanh Son landfill and Da son quarry, i.e. Hoang Van Thai road. This route has been polluted by dust from vehicles to Da son quarry and the Khanh Son landfill, so leakage of sludge will be an important concern during transportation if the proper vehicles are not used.

Impact of disposal of dredged material

Dredged sludge is saline and has high content of heavy metals, so it could not be reused and needs to be properly disposed of. It is proposed that dredged sludge will be disposed at the Khanh Son landfill.

Dredged sludge from Phu Loc river is contaminated by heavy metal and shall be disposed separately with municipal sludge. With total volume of sludge is 22,465m3 for a dredging period of about 6 months, average dredged sludge will be disposed of is around 125 m3 per day. Volume of dried sludge could reduce by 50%, if total height of dried sludge is 2.5m, total necessary area of disposal site is about 0.5ha. The main impacts by depositing dredged sludge are as follows:

- There are 5 cells at the Khanh son landfill with area of each cell is 3ha, in which 2 cells are in operation. The remaining cells are inoperated and available for disposal, however they are not isolated with the operating cell, thus filling sludge there could risk to scavengers inside the landfill. Nevertheless, this risk is avoidable by management measures.

- The leachate from dredged sludge might have high heavy metal content, hence needs to be separated and pre-treated before conveying to leachate treatment plant (LTP) to prevent any impact to efficiency of the LTP.

- Impact to air condition in the landfill is slight, because the landfill is designed to meet standard landfill with necessary buffer zone and already facilitated with gases treatment measures.

Conclusion: The Khanh Son landfill is suitable for disposal of dredged sludge, because it was designed to meet standard landfill and has necessary facilities for disposal of dredged sludge.



Accidental landslide of Phu Loc river banks during construction

Due to the characteristics of the river banks which have a soft soil base ground and for a long time have been extended with deposits, during the construction of embankment and water inlet sluices to gather wastewater, deep digging activities may cause the possibility of breaking and depressing the river banks. In case the problem occurs, the broken soil will flow into the river, being rolled away with a great amount of sediment and soil, causing the re-pollution effect to the water quality.

In parallel with the dredging activities in the Phu Loc river, the river embankment will also be built, the river bed widened and deepened. According to the river banks geological structure, they are made of soft soil land with a lot of sand. Therefore, during the digging work to deepen the river bed with the considerable depth (estimated at 3- 4 metre), the banks may possibly be broken down if the land consolidating activities and suitable implementing methods are not applied.

In case the river banks are broken down, a large amount of soil and stones will be rolled away down into the Phu Loc river, which seriously reduces the water quality. In addition to suddenly and dramatically increasing the portion of the hanging substances and the turbidity level, stones and soil which get down into the river bed will soon stagnate, leading to increase in the amount of sediment at the river bottom. This effect will not only occur within the damaged area but also expands its impacts on the lower section as well as the upstream of the river. The level of impact depends on the current of the tide, the place and output of the flowing current.

Another impact is on other construction structures in the vicinity. Sinking, cracking may happen, in serious cases, houses can even subside at one side or collapse, threatening the safety of people living inside.

Phu Loc river in operation phase

Pollution sources

- Effluent from 29/3 Textile Company: formerly, Phu Loc river has been receiving wastewater from the residential areas as well as from the industrial manufacturing activities. The most serious pollution comes from the Factory No. 2 of 29/3 Textile Company. However, since April 2007, the company has oficialy operated the WWTP. According to the design, effuent will meet the standard for class B of TCVN 5945-1995. The monitored data showed that effluent quality has met the standard. It is planned that the effuent from the factory will be conveyed to the wastewater collecting system of Phu Loc WWTP when it comes into operation. During preparation of this EA report, the company had a letter to DONRE for commitment to operate and control WWTP to meet standard. Danang DONRE also sent a letter to PIIP, confirming that the effluent quality form the 29/3 Textile company met standard in terms of all parameters, including heavy metal. The DONRE will regularly monitor effluent quality from the 29/3 Textile company, and the company will be subject to punishment if its effluent quality exceeds standard. The letters of 29/3 Textile company and DONRE are included in Annex D.

- Effluent from Phu Loc WWTP: during opeartion, wastewater of the whole Phu Loc and Lien Chieu catchments will be collected and treated at Phu Loc WWTP. Effuent from this WWTP will be discharged into the Phu Loc river. This is a pollution source for Phu Loc river and Danang Bay. At the moment, the Phu Loc WWTP has not been operated yet. Based on monitoring result at Son Tra WWTP, which is one of the 4 WWTPs of Danang and has the same treatment process as Phu Loc WWTP, BOD5 concentration in the effluent ranges from 42 to 78 mg/l, typical value is around 70mg/l, while SS value ranges from 32.8 to 250mg/l, depending on quality of influent.



- Wastewater from hospitals: there are two large health care centres in the catchment of Phu Loc WWTP , including Healthcare centre of Thanh Khe District and Dermatology hospital. The Health care centre of Thanh Khe Tay has 130 sick-beds, the total wastewater volume is around 100m3/ day. Hospital wastewater typically has high pollutant concentration, particularly coliform. According to surveyed data from other general hospitals in Vietnam, typical BOD5 is 250 – 300 mg/l, COD5 is 350 – 400 mg/l, SS is 150 – 200 mg/l. At the moment, the centre does not have a WWTP, all its wastewater discharges to city’s drainage system. The Dermatology hospital has 70 sick-beds, the hospital has a WWTP with capacity of 200m3/ day, the effluent from the WWTP has to met standard before discharging to city’s sewer. Both the Health care centre and Hospital are in the catchment of the Phu Loc WWTP, thus their wastewater will be collected and treated in the WWTP.

- Wastewater from Phu Loc WWTP in case of accident: The major source that may cause the greatest pollution level to the Phu Loc river happens when occurs a problem with the treatment process of the Phu Loc WWTP. At that time, the river has to receive a great output of wastewater with a highly polluted substances. Taking into account a BOD of 150 mg/L and the peak daily wastewater flow, a maximum BOD load of about 10,740 kg/d is to be expected in 2020 and 19,200 kg BOD/d in 2040. (Source: Report on Wastewater Treatment in Da Nang –Medium and long term concept plan - Eric Van Der Zandt). However, this case hardly ever occurs.

Impact subjects

Aquatic ecosystem of the Phu Loc river and water environment around Phu Loc outlet would be impacted during operation phase.

Impact assessment

- In operation phase, all wastewater from Phu Loc river catchment will be collected and conducted to Phu Loc WWTP. Phu Loc river catchment is one of sub-catchments of Phu Loc WWTP and it is included in design of Phu Loc WWTP. So receiving wastewater from this catchment will neither increase the capacity nor pollutant loads of the Phu Loc WWTP.

- The main pollution sources to Phu Loc river are effluents from 29/3 Textile company, the Healthcare centre of Thanh Khe District, Dermatology hospital and Phu Loc WWTP. The worst scenario for Phu Loc river that would occur in operation phase is: all non-domestic effluents are conveyed to the Phu Loc WWTP, but none of the WWTPs is in operation.

- In operation phase, the Phu Loc river will receive storm water and effulent from Phu Loc WWTP. However, the outlet of Phu Loc WWTP is close to Phu Loc outlet (the distance from Phu Loc WWTP outlet to Da Nang bay is about 200m), so the water sources supplementing the Phu Loc river are mainly storm water and from the West Lake and Hoa Minh drainage canal. It is expected that the river water quality will be recovered to the level as of 2003, when it was only slightly polluted. At that time, BOD5 content ranged from 12 – 21 mg/l, SS content was 38 mg/l (Source: report on environmental condition year 2003, DONRE).

- The main pollution sources to Phu Loc river are effluents from the 29/3 Textile company, the Healthcare centre of Thanh Khe District, Dermatology Hospital and Phu Loc WWTP. There are two scenarios for Phu Loc river in operation phase, including scenario (i) All non-domestic effluents are conveyed to the Phu Loc WWTP, but none of the WWTPs (including Phu Loc WWTP) is in operation and scenario (ii) all non-domestic effluents are conveyed to Phu Loc WWTP without prior treatment, only Phu Loc WWTP is in operation.

Discussion:

Scenario (i): all non-domestic effluents will be conveyed to the Phu Loc WWTP, but none of WWTPs is in operation



In this case, the mixed BOD content in Phu Loc river will be calculated as following;

- Assumed this scenarios occur in dry season, so inside the city’s sewers are wastewater only.

- In this case, wastewaters from all Healthcare Centre of Thanh Khe District, Dermatology Hospital and Textile Company will be discharged into city’s sewers, then conveyed in the intercepter along Phu Loc river to the Pumping Station 02 (PS02), the PS02 will pump all wastewater from its catchment to the Phu Loc WWTP.

- Assumed wastewater from all above non-domestic sources are fully mixed with municipal wastewater in the PS02, then mixed BOD5 content in wastewater at PS02 can be calculated by mass balance equation:

QSC1CSC1 + QHCH + QDCD + QTCT= QPSCPS

In which:

QSC1 : wastewater volume conveyed to PS02, QSC1 = QPS - QH - QD - QT = 0.158 m3/s (average dry flow in 2020)

QH : wastewater volume from the Healthcare Centre, QH = 100m3/d = 0.001 m3/s. QD : wastewater volume from the Dermatology Hospital, QH = 200m3/d = 0.002 m3/s. QT : wastewater volume from the Textile Company, QT = 1,500m3/d = 0.017 m3/s. QPS : wastewater volume from the PS02 catchment, QPS = 178.21 l/s = 0.178 m3/s. CM : BOD5 content of municipal wastewater, CM = 150mg/l (as designed BOD in

influent of Phu Loc WWTP) CH : BOD5 content of wastewater from the Health care centre, CH = 300mg/l CD : BOD5 content of wastewater from the Dermatology Hospital, CD = 300mg/l CT : BOD5 content of wastewater from the Textile Company, CT = 380mg/l CPS : mixed BOD5 content in the PS02, in this case, CPS = 174.5mg/l

- The wastewater from PS02 then will be mixed with wastewater from Phu Loc WWTP catchment, using the above equation, the mixed BOD content in the influent of Phu Loc WWTP as follow;

QSC2CM+ QPSCPS = QINCIN

In which: QSC2 : wastewater volume from sub-catchment of Phu Loc WWTP, QCS2 = QIN – QPS =

0.513 m3/s (average dry flow in 2020) QPS : wastewater volume at the PS02, QPS = 178.21 l/s = 0.178 m3/s. QIN : wastewater volume at the Phu Loc WWTP, QIN = 59,700 m3/d = 0.691 m3/s

(average dry flow in 2020) CM : BOD5 content of municipal wastewater, CM = 150mg/l

CPS : mixed BOD5 content in the PS02, CPS = 174.5mg/l CIN : mixed BOD5 content in the influent of Phu Loc WWTP, in this case, CPS =

156.3mg/l

- In this case, the wastewater in Phu Loc WWTP should be diverted to the emergency outlet at upstream of the river. The mixed BOD5 content in the Phu Loc river at downstream of emergency outlet can be calculated as the above equation:

QOUTCOUT + QRCR = (QOUT + QR)CE

In which:



QOUT : flow of Phu Loc WWTP, QOUT = 59,700 m3/d = 0.691 m3/s (average dry flow in 2020)

QR : flow of Phu Loc river, assume in dry season, velocity is 0.7m/s, water level is 1.16m (equals half of water level in rainy season), QS = 13.02 m3/s

COUT : BOD5 content of Phu Loc WWTP’s effluent, COUT = 156.3mg/l CS : BOD5 content of Phu Loc river, CS = 21mg/l CE : mixed BOD5 content in the river, CE = 27.8mg/l

In the scenario (i), the mixed BOD5 content in the river water would be 27.8mg/l, it is 1.1 time higher than national standard for surface water quality TCVN 5942:1995, class B. Thus, in operation phase, the effluent from Phu Loc WWTP in the worst case would slightly affect the water environment of the Phu Loc river, and possibly the Danang bay also.

Scenario (ii): all non-domestic effluents will be conveyed to Phu Loc WWTP without prior treatment, only Phu Loc WWTP is in operation

In this case, the mixed BOD content in the river after outlet of the Phu Loc WWTP could be calculated as following;

- The mixed BOD concentration in influent to Phu Loc WWTP will be the same in the scenario (i).

- According to the design of WWTP, BOD removal efficiency is 50-70%, with BOD in influent is 156.3mg/l, BOD value in WWTP effluent is expected at 46.9 – 78.2mg/l.

- In this case, the mixed BOD5 content in the Phu Loc river at downstream of emergency outlet can be calculated as the above equation:

QOUTCOUT + QRCR = (QOUT + QR)CE

In which: QOUT : flow of Phu Loc WWTP, QOUT = 59,700 m3/d = 0.691 m3/s (average dry flow in

2020) QR : flow of Phu Loc river, assume in dry season, velocity is 0.7m/s, water level is

1.635m (equals half of water level in rainy season), QS = 42.59 m3/s COUT : BOD5 content of Phu Loc WWTP’s effluent, COUT = 46.9 – 78.2mg/l

CS : BOD5 content of Phu Loc river, CS = 21mg/l CE : mixed BOD5 content in the river, CE = 21.4 – 21.91mg/l

- In this case, the mixed BOD concentration in the Phu Loc river would be about 21.4 – 21.91mg/l, this is still below the standard.

- So, in this scenario, i.e. all non-domestic wastewater is not treated, only the Phu Loc WWTP is in operation, the effluent from Phu Loc WWTP will not affect water quality of the Phu Loc river as well as the Danang Bay.

In fact, the pollutant concentration in the river after dredging and operating Phu Loc WWTP depends on hydraulic regime of the river itsefl and dilution between the river and sea water, tide is also an effective factor in washing effluent out to sea. Improvement of water quality might take time because its effect depends much on tide regime.

The major issue to be dealt with of the Phu Loc river during operation period is sand deposition at the river outlet. At the moment, the river oulet is usually extended with deposits, which narowed the flow and cause obstacles to waterway traffic of local fishermen. If this issue is not solved, dilution between river and sea water will be reduced, causing pollution to the water environment (figure 4-1), thus decreasing the effectiveness of the Phu Loc river improvement.



Figure 0-1 Phu Loc river outlet

Conclusion:In the case all non-domestic effluents will be conveyed to the Phu Loc WWTP, but none of WWTPs are in operation, the mixed BOD content in Phu Loc river would be 1.1 time higher than standard, thus slightly impact to Phu Loc river and Danang Bay. In case Phu Loc WWTP will treat all untreated non-domestic wastewater, the mixed BOD concentration in Phu Loc river will range from about 21.4 – 21.91mg/l, it is still below national standard for surface water quality TCVN 5942:1995, class B. Thus, in operation phase, if the Phu Loc WWTP is in operation, the effluent from Phu Loc WWTP would not cause adverse impact to water environment of the Phu Loc river as well as to Danang Bay. However, best effectiveness of the improvement of the Phu Loc river could be fully achieved only when the sand deposition at the outlet is solved.

Impacts by Sub-component B2 – Primary and Secondary Main Drainage for LIAs

In all 4 LIAs, the main works will be carried out in this item are constructing new drains, house connections and manholes. The total lengths of drains will be constructed in the Thanh Khe 1 & Xuan Hoa A, Thanh Khe 5, Chau Thanh and Trung Tam LIAs are 1,184m, 487m, 200m, respectively, and dredging the 340m existing sewer in Chau Thanh. The impacts by this sub-component are similar to generic impacts by sub-component B1 and could be summarized as in the following table.

Table 0-7 Summary of Potential environmental impacts by Sub-Component B2: Primary and secondary drainage for LIAs



Sub-Component

Activities Impacts

Construction Phase:- Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities - Increased noise and air emission from transportation vehicles and construction equipment - Odor during sludge dredging in existing sewers - Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge - Generated domestic waste by workers - Temporary disruption of drainage system - Temporary flood during rains - Temporary disruption of Utilities such as electricity, telephone, TV cable… - Temporary storage of materials and excavated soil causing obstacle to public and traffic - Temporary disturbance to small businesses - Damage to road surface/ other utilities - Risk of accidents - Increased traffic flow - Increased turbidity around construction area of the outlet Operation Phase- Stagnation of sewage, odor problem - Odor during sludge dredging - Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge

Constructing related primary and secondary drainage sewers for 4 proposed LIAs

- Contamination to ground water due to leakage of sewers and manholes

Impacts during construction phase

- Dust, air emissions and noise: caused by demolition and construction activities such as earth work excavation and leveling, installing sewers.

- Wastewater and run-off water: wastewater generated from worker in the site. Run-off water from trenches would be overflowed and inundated surrounding area.

- Solid wastes: solid wastes generated during construction include (i) excess excavated soil, and (ii) domestic solid waste from workers.

- Traffic obstacle: Traffic jam may happen in rush hours due to increasing traffic flow in transportation of excess excavated soil and construction material, this impact might last during the whole construction period.

- Sludge dredging: this activity occurs in Chau Thanh LIA only, estimated dredged sludge is 338.24m3. Main issue during dredging is odor, the sludge volume is small and manageable.

Constructing new outlet to Thac Gian Lake would affect water quality of the lake by sediment, increase turbidity around construction area.



- Stagnation of water: sewage in the drain would be stagnant due to blocking of sewers or deposits in the drains or manholes. Stagnant sewage would be overflowed and inundate road surface, or be digested in the sewers or manholes, creates bad odor and inconvenience to public.

- Air emissions and odor/ toxic gases: The main substances generated in the process of operating and maintaining the sewerage system include some odors getting out from the manholes on the network. The main air emission is H2S and some other kinds of gas. The factors that influence the gas emission include temperature, ingredients and characteristics of



the wastewater. The air emission is generated as a result of the digestion process of sewage from the stagnated sediment in the interceptor and manholes, especially in the dry season. During the operation and maintenance of the sewerage system, directly affected will be the workers who do the periodic maintenance and dredging work. The households who live nearby will also be affected. Transportation and disposal of dredged sludge would also impact on surrounding area and disposal place.

- Contamination to ground water: leakage wastewater from interceptor and manholes would infiltrate into soil and contaminate ground water.

In operation phase, discharging water from the new outlet from Chau Thanh LIA would increase water volume in the lake. Wastewater in the drain will be separated and conveyed to city’s interceptor, thus water goes to the Lake is mainly run-off water and impact to water environment is negligible.

Impacts to cultural properties During preparation of the EA report for phase 1, one of the tasks required is determination of affected cultural properties. This task was studied in early stage of choosing the site. After drafting borderline of proposed components, several field trips were carried out to determined number of affected people as well as affected cultural properties. Consultation of affected subjects was also conducted to disseminate project policies and consult expectation of people. There are two temples and four worship houses located in the project area, which are owned either by a family or a village. Some of them had been moved from other site to here. The local residents said that it would not be difficult to move them, but they require to re-build it like existing condition. The project has tried to minimize the impact on these temples and worship houses. Specifically, a temple in Hoa Minh RS (Phu Thach village temple) was decided to be left out of the clearance area..The other temple in Phu Loc river upgrading area will be affected by only a small part of land, not affected in any structure. Among four worship houses, only one in Xuan Hoa A and Thanh Khe 1 LIA would have to be relocated. In the consultation, the owner of this house has agreed to remove it to Thanh Khe Tay RS. The other three worship houses are in Thanh Khe 5 LIA and Phu Loc river upgrading area would be affected by only a small part of land, not affected in any structure except the one at Thanh Khe 5 LIA. Those cultural properties would be slightly affected during construction by dust and noise. Regular religion activities and access to those properties would be affected due to construction activities. There are about 1,200 graves to be moved. The consultation with the affected people showed that they are ready to move their graves once the compensation payment is made and the site for moving is available. The City cemetery is ready to receive these graves. The location of affected cultural properties is presented in the Figure 1-5 – Sampling location map.

Chance finds:

During the construction, the Construction Management Consultant (CMC) is the person responsible for arranging the technical supervision of the contract. In the case of discovering of cultural properties (chance finds) during the execution of the works (eg. during the excavation/earth work), the Procedure upon Discovery should be implemented. The Procedure upon Discovery is presented in annex B.



ALTERNATIVES OF THE PROJECT

Without the project situation In case of without the project, improving the infrastructure and living standard for LIAs of Danang city will face difficulties due to shortage of budget. People will continue to live in bad infrastructure conditions and unhealthy environment. Lack of drainage system would contaminate ground water gradually and affect to public health, especially during rainy season. Flooding at sunken areas has not created risks of epidemic disease only, but lead to economic damage as well. The Phu Loc river environment has been polluted over years, it is a big concern of local authorities and inhabitants. The severe pollution has affected people living along the river by odor. The river would be narrowed and shallow due to sludge deposit and encroachment of river bank. If the river is not rehabilitated and continues to receive untreated wastewater, pollution situation will become more serious, the local residents’ health as well as city beautiful looking would be influenced. High concentration of pollutants in the river would decrease aquatic ecology in the river and around river outlet. Although investments were made under Drainage and Sanitation Project in the sewage and drainage system, it still could not meet the city development speed because of fund limit. Particularly, there is almost no drainage system in newly established districts. Due to both incapability and lack of drainage system, during rainy season, flooding happens frequently in many areas of the city, thus lead to traffic nuisance and economic losses. Main communication routes to be constructed will not only meet the increasing traffic demand but also help create good conditions for economic and tourism development in the project area.

Alternatives for phase 1 activities - Minimizing resettlement was carefully considered during designing of the project.

Upgrading tertiary roads system in LIAs, realignment of Phu Loc river has been considered based on willingness of communities,

- Alternatives for LIAs were chosen through 3 community meeting, 2 option were presented and discussed in the meeting, collected suggestions from communities were included in basic design.

- Alternatives for realignment of Phu Loc river was considered to minimize resettlement and preserve cultural properties such as forefather house or temple of village tutelary god, avoid large structure such as Textile company, gymnastic college…

- 2 alternatives of sludge disposal were considered and presented to city People’s committee, including city’s disposal site and the Khanh Son landfill. The proposed city’s disposal site is an area of 5-7ha at Hoa Son commune, Hoa Vang district. This is a sunken area, at the foot of mountain. There is a creek flows through the site, and a wetland area at downstream of the creek. If use this site for disposal of dredged sludge, sludge leachate could flow to the creek, then affect the wet land. So this area is not suitable for disposal site. Moreover, at the moment only location of city’s disposal site is proposed and approved. The process of design, construction usually takes time, might be from 12 to 18 months. It is possible that the dredging of Phu Loc river will commence before the city’s disposal site is available. In this case, The Khanh Son landfill was selected for disposal of dredged sludge due to better condition and availability of necessary facilities. This proposal was presented to the city authorities and already approved.

- Two options of dredging were analyzed. The first one was proposed in the CIPR, according to which an access road would be formed in the river first to enable excavator to work form, then dredging mud and soil in the river bed would be carried out. This method could increase turbidity and turbulence of sediment in the river as well as impact extent during dredging. Moreover, dredging mixed sludge and soil would increase the



volume of dredged sludge, causing increase of necessary disposal area remarkably. In the other dredging method proposed, sheet piles would be used to close part of the river, then water pumped out, sludge dredged and embankment constructed within the closed area. This method would help reduce turbidity, dispersion of pollutant in the river and could separate top sludge from other sediment. It also helps save construction time and impact duration. In environmental aspect, the second method would have less impact than the first one and it is therefore proposed to be selected.

- Two scenarios of management of non-domestic wastewater during the operation phase of the Phu Loc river and the Phu Loc WWTP were considered and analyzed: (i) all non-domestic effluents from sources within the Phu Loc river catchment including the Healthcare Centre of Thanh Khe District, Dermatology Hospital and Textile Company is conveyed to the Phu Loc WWTP, but none of the WWTPs is in operation and (ii) all non-domestic effluents would be conveyed to Phu Loc WWTP without prior treatment, only Phu Loc WWTP is in operation.



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Mitigation measures

General principles a. Design stage

Designing infrastructure upgrading and sewage system has to observe the regulations as follow:

Environmental matters have to be integrated in all the design work and planning of the project. The detailed designs need to minimize adverse impacts on environment by maximizing the use of existing facilities and selecting the location of new facilities in areas where the disturbance to the environment, people and existing structures is minimized. .

According to the Vietnamese Construction Regulation Standard Article 3.3 (Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment), construction projects should:

• Not cause adverse effect to environment, and technical regulations on scenery and environment protection should be observed,

• Protect natural preservation areas, and historical, cultural and architectural places, • Ensure rational and sustainable use of natural resources, and • Respect traditional customs, practices, and religions of local people.

In the design of drainage and sewerage, attention should be paid to preventing the possibility of contaminating the domestic water supply. Special attention has to be paid to the possible crossing of water pipes and sewers. For this purpose, it will not be allowed to have water pipes going through the same drainage manholes or box culverts. If possible, the drainage and sewer systems should be designed to be located as far as possible from water pipelines. Discharging points of the drainage system have to be selected so that the adverse impact is mitigation and the back flow of drainage water to pipes is prevented or mitigation. Drainage design principles have to be selected in co-operation with the other projects being implemented in the same area to ensure consistency between projects and to optimize the effectiveness of the constructed drainage system with minimal site and community disturbance.

Upgrading and dredging of channels has to be designed to minimize the need of resettlement and to assure proper construction and maintenance access is provided. Transport and disposal of excavated material has to be properly designed and appropriate disposal areas identified and reserved. To minimize transport and off-site impacts, maximum on-site or near site use of excavated and dredged materials will be encouraged. Deposited solid wastes and any contaminated sludge materials which are blocking existing drainage pipelines and channels will be transported to the landfill for disposal, but most excavated organic materials can be used locally for agricultural and landscaping purposes. Handling and disposal of sediment and solid waste to specified places with suitable means of transportation has to be coordinated with relevant authorities.

b. Construction phase All construction work funded by the sub-project will need to be implemented in accordance with the appropriate standards, specifications and Bidding / Contract Documents. The preparation of these Bidding / Contract Documents as well as the TOR for the construction management consultants (CMC) will be subject to Bank reviews and issuance of a No Objection Letter (NOL). The general mitigation measures corresponding to each environmental codes of practice are presented in the following section. The technical specification for construction of trunk system and dredging are provided in the annex F.



c. Operation phase In operation phase, project performance indicators shall be regularly measured and monitored. Besides, method of management and monitoring in environmental management and monitoring programme shall be observed. Organization of environmental monitoring for the whole project is presented in the section below.

Generic mitigation measures The general mitigation measures, which are environmental codes of practices (ECOP) are presented in the tables 6-2 to 6-5. These measures could be applied to generic project activities in LIAs, Phu Loc river, service roads and RAs.



Table 0-1 Summary of Gener ic environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component A1: Upgrading LIAs




Construction Phase:- Increased dust and noisedue to demolishingstructures


Duringconstruction


PMU/CommunitySupervisionBoard (CSB)



Duringconstruction


ConstructionManagementConsultant(CMC)/ CSB

- Increased noiseand airemission fromtransportation vehicles andconstruction equipment,mainly at areas appliedmechanical constructionmethod


Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Storage of materialscausing disturbance topublic and traffic




CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB





CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase:

Upgrade ThanhKhe 1 and XuanHoa A LIA,Thanh Khe5LIA, ChauThanh LIA andTrung Tam LIA

Upgrade/ConstructRoads andalleys

- Increased run-off water Applied ECOP, including;- W3


DrainageCompany/community







- Damage to roads/ alleyssurface

Applied ECOP, including;- R1, R2, R3

daily District’sUrbanManagementdivision/community



Applied ECOP, including;- D1, D3

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disruption ofpower supply

Applied ECOP, including;- EC1- PC1

Beforedisruption, 1week for the EC,24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase:

Install Streetlighting



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Stagnation of wastewaterdue to blocking of sewers


Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Possible leakage ontransportation route



DrainageCompany



ConstructDrainagesystem



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB









CMC/ CSB

- Temporary floodingduring rain


Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disruption ofUtilities such aselectricity, telephone, TVcable…


beforedisruption, 1week for Utilityagencies and24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB





CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- PC1

24h beforeconstruction


CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- R4- RU1

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB


Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase- Stagnation of sewage,odor problem









DrainageCompany



- Possible leakage ontransportation route



DrainageCompany













Construction Phase:- Increased dust level dueto earth work excavationand construction activities

Applied ECOP, including;- D1, D3, D4

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disruption ofwater supply

Applied ECOP, including;- WSC- PC

beforedisruption, 1week for theWSC, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

- Accumulation ofexcavated soil causinginconvenience to public

Applied ECOP, including;- T4

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- R4, RU1

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

Operation Phase:

Install WaterSupplyPipeline


Applied ECOP, including;- D1- D3

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB

- Increased noiseduringconstruction

Applied ECOP, including;- N3

Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- WSC1- DC1- PC1

beforedisruption, 1week for Utilitiyagencies, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

ConstructPlayground(for ThanhKhe5 LIAonly)

Operation Phase:





- Increased domestic wastefrom recreation activities

- MT1- DB1

During O&M Ward’s PC Contributed bybeneficiaries




Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB



Duringconstruction


CMC/ CSB





CMC/ CSB

- Temporary disruption ofbusinesses

- PC2- M1



CMC/ CSB


Applied ECOP, including;- WSC1- DC1- PC1

beforedisruption, 1week for Utilitiyagencies, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ CSB

- Labor safety Applied ECOP, including;- HS7, HS9, HS1



CMC/ CSB

Operation phase- Contamination byorganic wastes

Applied ECOP, including;- M2, M3, M4

During O&M Market PMU Ward budget Community/Head ofcommunitygroup

Construct MaVoi Market(for ChauThanh LIAonly)

- Increased wastewater Applied ECOP, including;- W11, W12






- Increased air pollutionand smell

Applied ECOP, including;- M5, M6


- Safety risk toneighboring householdsdue to fire

Applied ECOP, including;- M7, M8




Table 0-2 Summary of gener ic impacts and EMP for Sub-Component A2: Resettlement Areasconstruction




Construction Phase:

- Loss of trees andvegetation

Applied ECOP, including;- L1, L2



PMU

- Loss of agricultural land Applied ECOP, including;- L3



PMU

- Increased dust and noisedue to demolishingstructures


Duringconstruction


PMU



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased noiseand airemission fromtransportation vehicles andconstruction equipment


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Generated domesticwaste by workers, about2.5 – 5m3 wastewater and25-50kg solid waste perday

Applied ECOP, including;- MT1, MT2- W2

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary flood duringrains


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Possible traffic jam attransportation route


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Leakage of residual oil Applied ECOP, including;- O1

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Construct HoaMinh – HoaKhanh RA,Thanh Khe TayRA and HoaQuy RA

- Siteclearance- Constructphysicalinfrastructure- Constructapartmentblocks (2blocks forHoa Minh –Hoa KhanhRA and 1block forThanh KheTay RA)- ConstructThanh KheTay Publicschool

- Labor health and safety Applied ECOP, including;- HS1, HS7, HS9



CMC/ ISMC



- Possible cracking ofadjacent buildings due todeep excavation offoundation for apartmentblocks

Applied ECOP, including;- HS10, HS11

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Operation Phase:- Generated wastewater inHoa Minh - HoaKhanhRA is 168m3/d, in ThanhKhe Tay RA is 75m3/d, inHoa Quy RA is 160m3/d


Duringconstruction

DrainageCompany


- Stagnation of sewage,odor problem



DrainageCompany


- Odor during sludgedredging



DrainageCompany





DrainageCompany





DrainageCompany


- generated solid waste inHoa Minh - Hoa KhanhRA is 1.1T/d, in ThanhKhe Tay RA is 0.5T/d, inHoa Quy RA is 1.1T/d

- DB1- W2

during operation URENCO City budget RA’s PMU



Table 0-3 Summary of Gener ic environmental impacts and EMP for Sub-Component B1: Phu Loc River Environmental Improvement




Construction Phase:- Increased dust due tomovement of transportationvehicles and constructionequipment


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Leakage of residual oil andgrease

- O1 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased traffic flow - T1, T5 Beforeconstruction,1 week forDC, 24h forcommunity


CMC/ ISMC



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Risk of landslide - HS10, HS11 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Operation Phase:

Lining ofboth sides

- No impactConstruction Phase:- Loss of trees and vegetation - L1, L2 1 month

beforesiteclearance

PMU included inproject cost

PMU

Improvement ofthe Phu LocRiver

Roads alongboth sides

- Increased dust and noisedueto demolishing structures


Duringconstruction


PMU



- Increased dust due tomovement of transportationvehicles and constructionequipment


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Leakage of residual oil - O1 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Damage of road surfaceandbridges

- RB1 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Risk of accident Applied ECOP, including;- HS1, HS2, HS3, HS4, HS5, HS6

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Operation Phase:- Increased dust and noisedueto movement of vehicles

- D6- N4

Duringoperation



- Risk of traffic accident - T6 Duringoperation



- Stagnation of water on theroad

- W3 Duringoperation





Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

Drainage/Interceptor



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC







CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary flood during rains - W4 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary storage ofmaterials and excavated soilcausing obstacle to public andtraffic




CMC/ ISMC

- Leakage of residual oil - O1 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Possible cracking of adjacentbuildings due to deepexcavation

- HS10, HS11 Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Applied ECOP, including;-- W3, W5, W6


DrainageCompany


- Odor during sludgedredging Applied ECOP, including;- W7- HS7, HS8


DrainageCompany




DrainageCompany


- Impact to ground water due toleakage of sewers and manholes



DrainageCompany




Table 0-4 Summary of gener ic impacts and EMP for Sub-Component B2: Pr imary and Secondary Main Drainage for L IAs






Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC



Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Odor during sludge dredging inexisting sewers


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Stagnation of wastewater dueto blocking of sewers


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Applied ECOP, including;- W1- W2

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC





CMC/ ISMC

Constructingrelated primaryand secondarydrainage sewersfor 4 proposedLIAs

- Temporary flood during rains Applied ECOP, including;- W4

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC



- Temporary disruption ofUtilities such as electricity,telephone, TV cable…


beforedisruption, 1week forUtilityagencies and24h forcommunity


CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary storage of materialsand excavated soil causingobstacle to public and traffic




CMC/ ISMC

- Temporary disturbance to smallbusinesses




CMC/ ISMC

- Damage to road surface/ otherutilities

Applied ECOP, including;- R4- RU

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC


Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC

- Increased turbidity aroundconstruction area of the outlet

DO1 - Closed a part of the Lake for constructionDO2 - Well manage wastes generated

Duringconstruction


CMC/ ISMC




DrainageCompany




DrainageCompany


- Impact to air quality and waterresources at sludge disposal site



DrainageCompany


- Impact to ground water due toleakage of sewers and manholes



DrainageCompany


Thedetail ECOP ispresented in the Annex B.



Specific mitigation measures for dredging, transporting and disposal of sediment from Phu Loc River a. Mitigation measures to minimize impacts during dredging Increasing turbidity and pollutant dispersion in Phu Loc river- Construction method during dredging is sectional: using bucket shall help reduce solid

and pollutant dispersion in Phu Loc river. - As proposed in the Construction Investment Project Report (CIPR), the dredging of

sludge could be carried out by forming a road in the river to enable excavator to work form, then dredging mud and soil in the river bed. This method could increase turbidity and turbulence of sediment in the river as well as impact extent during dredging. Moreover, dredging mixed sludge and soil would increase volume as well as water content in dredged sludge. If all mixed sludge and soil is disposed of at the disposal site, it would lead to increase necessary disposal area remarkably. There is another dredging method as follows: use sheet piles to close a part of the river, pump water out, and then dredge and construct embankment within the closed area. This method would help to reduce turbidity, dispersion of pollutant in the river and could separate top sludge from other sediment. It also helps save construction time and impact duration. The Phu Loc area has been polluted for long time, thus reduction of construction period is one of the most community concerns. In environmental aspect, the second method would have less impact than the first one.

Offensive odor- Provide personal protective equipment to workers who carrying out dredging - Dredging plan shall be prepared and announced to local authorities and habitants in

construction areas at least 3 days before dredging. - The contractor shall ensure construction progress is timely, avoid extending

construction duration. Loss of docking place- Local authorities and fishermen shall be kept informed about the performance schedule

at least 7 days in advance. - The contractor shall consult with authorities to find out a temporary docking place for

affected people. b. Mitigation measures to minimize impacts during transportation and disposal

of dredged sludge - According to analysis results, salinity and concentration of heavy metal in sludge from

Phu Loc river is relatively high, so dredged sludge is not suitable to reuse for agriculture purpose and should be disposed of.

- To minimize impacts during process of handling – transportation – treatment, the following measures shall be applied: dredged sediment will be brought directly to tank truck, which shall be ready next to dredging site. The truck shall be cleaned whenever leaving dredging or disposal site. To avoid spillage during transportation, the tank truck shall be used. The tank shall be checked carefully, in case any leaks are found, they shall be repaired before mobilized to the dredging site.

- Avoid to run through high density residential area or in rush hours. If necessary, divert and regulate traffic in consultation with authorities.

- While planning alternate route, care should be taken to avoid dense residential areas and sensitive locations such as school, hospital or market, etc.

- Signals and signs of reroute should be provided. - Spraying water at least twice per day to reduce dust on the transportation route.



- For dredged sand: volume of dredged sand is relatively high, 62,879m3. This sand is clean and could be reused. It would be temporary stored at the space of walkside along the river to dry up, then reused for filling embankment and sewers trenches.

Treatment process: - Dredged sludge is proposed to dispose at the city’s disposal site or at Khanh Son

landfill. Sludge will be layered at the site, then let to dry up. Volume of dried sludge could reduce up to 50%. The next sludge layer will be placed only when the lower layer is dried. If the total height of dried sludge will be about 2.5m, then necessary disposal area is about 0.5ha..

- The contractor shall sign contract with URENCO to dispose the dredged sludge at the Khanh Son landfill. The budget for sludge disposal shall be included in the contract.

- Leachate from disposal cell shall be separated and conveyed to sludge leachate tank, it shall be pre-treated by lime before conveying to common leachate treatment plant at the landfill. For this purpose, at the bottom of each cell has facilitated a leachate collection pipe already, so it is easily to separated leachate from the cell. However, a tank to contain and pre-treat leachate should be constructed. The URENCO has responsibilities in construciton and operation of sludge leachate tank.

- Sign boards for warning people kept away from the disposal site shall be raised at the landfill.

A summary mitigation measures for sludge management are presented in table 6-5.

Table 0-5 Summary mitigation measures for sludge management

Items Mitigation measure Responsibility Report to Handling - use bucket

- handle sludge directly to tank truck

- Contractor PMU/ CMC

- use tank truck to store and transport sludge

- Contractor shall carry out by themselves or sign a contract with URENCO for transportation, budget for this job shall be included in the contract

PMU/ CMC

- clean trucks before leaving the site

Contractor PMU/ CMC

- avoid running through high density residential area or in rush hours

Transporter PMU/ CMC

Transportation

- spraying water at least twice per day to reduce dust on the transportation road, from dredging to disposal site

Transporter PMU/CMC

Treatment - laying sludge at the cell by layer

Contractor shall sign contract with

PMU/ CMC/ DONRE



- drying up - separate leachate from dredged sludge and pre-treat by lime - raise sign board to warning people

URENCO for disposal of dredged sludge, budget for this job shall be included in the contract. URENCO has responsibilities in management of sludge treatment

Mitigation measures for preventing accidental landslide of Phu Loc river banks - According to geological investigation in construction area, the Contractor needs to

calculate and apply consolidated embankment measure before excavation and construction.

- Workers should be trained on measures to deal with possible problems. - In case of splitting or sinking houses, the Contractor is responsible to report to the

CMC, announce to local authorities and apply any necessary consolidated measures to avoid more serious damages to people’s properties. The Contractors shall repair damaged or affected works quickly with satisfactory compensation.

- Budget for consolidating and remedy activities shall be included in the contract.

Mitigation measures during operation phase

Mitigation measures during operation of RAs

- The city should ensure all services such as water supply, drainage, lighting system, market, schools are ready before resettlement. As schedule, the Thanh Khe Tay RA will be constructed first to ensure resettlement for affected people in phase 1.

- To install septic tank at each households to pre-treat wastewater. Operation and management of tertiary infrastructures of RAs will belong to local communities, authorities. Thus, needed is a good cooperation among inter-bodies through high responsibility commitment documents.

- It is necessary to have proper management and use method which will be supervised by local people to reflect any damage of electricity, drainage and wastewater system.

- Maintenance of roads and dredging of drainage system should be regularly implemented. Necessary are also preventive methods for discharging of solid wastes into drainage systems to avoid their blockade.

- Any inconsistency of the works should be overcome in order to have appropriate use arrangement.

- It is necessary to have a consistent plan for using alleys according to self – management of local communities and residents.

Mitigation measures during operation and maintenance of drainage system

- Regularly dredging manholes and sewage system. Before dredging, ventilate or open the cover of manholes for a while is necessary;

- Equipping gas-masks, safety labor clothes for workers; - Announcing construction schedule to local authorities and habitants in project area; - Sediment from sewers and chambers shall be absorbed directly by sediment trucks and

transported to Khanh Son landfill for treatment. After drying out, sediment could be salvaged for making cover of landfill.



Operation phase of Phu Loc river

- Regularly monitor effluent quality of Phu Loc WWTP, if it exceeds 96mg/l, then the effluent shall be diverted to emergency outlet.

- The effulent from the 29/3 Textile company and Dermatology Hospital will be connected to city’s sewer, and then treated in the Phu Loc WWTP. However, they shall commit to treat its wastewater to meet standard (TCVN 5945-1995 and TCVN 5942-1995). Since the Phu Loc WWTP was designed to treat municipal wastewater only, not for heavy metal in wastewater, thus in case of accident, the 29/3 Textile Company needs to apply pre-treatment method to reduce heavy metal concentration in wastewater before discharging into city’s sewer. For example, wastewater could be stored in the collection tank or regulation tank, then pre-treated by chemical before connecting to city’s sewer. Wastewater from the Healthcare centre of Thanh Khe Tay districts is allowed discharge to city’s drainage system, then go to Phu Loc WWTP.

- A further assessment of the Phu Loc river and seawater hydraulic and associated impact of treatment plant will be carried out in coming time together with analyzing hydraulic model for the whole city. The result of modeling will bring broad view of impacts by Phu Loc WWTP effluent to Phu Loc river and Da Nang bay. Based on the modeling result, then the mitigation measures will be adjusted accordingly.

- Regularly dredge river outlet (every 6 months or annually) to open the flow. - Workers of Phu Loc WWTP need to be trained to repair the problem instantaneously

in case of emergency. - In case of accident at the Phu Loc WWTP, raise sign boards to warning people not to

swim at beach near the Phu Loc river outlet, such as Thanh Binh beach.

Mitigation impact to cultural property Number of temples of tutelary god and houses of forefather that will be affected is five, of which the house in Hoa Khe LIA have to be displaced, its owner already agreed to moved to Thanh Khe Tay RA. The three remaining houses will be affected during construction only, of which one is next to the Phu Loc river. The others are at Nguyen Tat Thanh road, one of them will lost a part of fence. Demolition of affected cultural works should be carried out manually to minimize impacts of dust and vibration. During construction, it is necessary to avoid using heavy construction equipment around these works, quickly restore status of these works after demolishing. The contractors shall avoid constructing during praying time on the first or fifteenth day of the lunar month. If necessary, provision of pedestrian way to access these works during construction. There are 1.206 graves to be displaced and attention should be paid during their removal works, so that it is suitable with the moral and traditional culture of local residents.



ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Environmental monitoring program Environmental monitoring will be conducted at the following four (4) levels: - Monitoring of project performance indicators; - Monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures done by the contractor; - Community based monitoring; and - Overall regulatory monitoring of the project.

Project performance indicators A set of monitoring indicators is developed in order to assess the implementation at various project stages. These monitoring indicators are representative for characteristics of project activities and are feasible for collecting and analyzing based on the experience gained from similar Bank-funded environmental sanitation projects in Vietnam. These performance monitoring indicators will be set based on the final EA report, EMP and Project Appraisal Document (PAD) as well as the findings and recommendations of the Independent Safeguards Monitoring Consultant (ISMC) to be appointed under the project. Combined with other qualitative and quantitative parameters of project performance, these indicators will be used as a tool for impact / benefit evaluation and analysis at various project stages and will be presented in reports of the PMU and ISMC. The PMU will prepare to DONRE and the Bank bi-annual performance monitoring reports, which will detail project progress with respect to agreed targets, including the agreed environmental project performance indicators on the following: - Contractor compliance to impact mitigation measures and ECOP. - Flooding situation - Wastewater and sanitation environment - Community stakeholder participation

Monitoring implementation of mitigation measures

Monitoring duties of the Contractor, Construction Management Consultant (CMC) and Independent Safeguards Monitoring Consultant (ISMC) will be specified in their respective TORs and Contract Documents, which are subject to Bank reviews and approval. The CMC will be responsible for submitting monthly progress reports which will provide specific sections on environmental issues, actions and monitoring results to date. Based on these monthly reports and site visit / meeting results, the ISMC will be responsible for preparing and submitting quarterly progress reports to the PMU, summarizing key environmental management and mitigation issues, results and actions to be taken. The ISMC quarterly progress reports will include the following:

• List of priorities identified in last bi-annually monitoring report. • List of progress, which the Contractor has made to solve the problems

• List of issues, which have not been adequately resolved and give recommendations how to solve the problems and explain force majeure

The ISMC will provide needed technical assistance and guidance to the PMU and CMC to support their roles in monitoring implementation of required mitigation and reporting measures, including quantities of dredged and transported sludge materials, number of loads, type of transport, measures to keep streets clean, fencing etc.



Community environmental management plan (CEMP) Community’s participation to environment protection, especially the support of habitants in project areas, shall take part in the success of the project in Danang. Propaganda campaigns shall be carried out frequently in all phases of the project. People’s participation to environmental management shall be conducted through Environmental Consultant and information disclosure activities. CEMPs were prepared for each proposed LIAs and will be integrated in CUP. Content of CEMP includes: - Existing environmental condition at project area. - Impacts to environment and society, mitigation measures for negative impacts. - Environmental monitoring programme that community will be involved in; - All the community’s suggestions and ideas during the project implementation will be

recorded and be solved timely by performance companies and environmental management offices. People could take part in environmental management and monitoring directly or indirectly through meetings and suggestion letters.

Detailed CEMPs for each LIAs are attached in Annex D.

Overall regulatory monitoring Monitoring and preparing reports related to environmental quality that will be submitted to World Bank and DONRE shall be continued by offices/enterprises during operation phase. DONRE shall be responsible for overall environmental monitoring according to regulations as below: - Inspecting the implementation regulations and standards of downgraded environment

prevention and repair because of pollution and environmental issues during construction process;

- Inspecting the implementation Environmental law and relevant environmental regulations and standards together with PIIP PMU;

- Preparing reports on environmental pollution issues in project area and submitting the Environmental Inspecting Report to PC for reviewing and making decisions.

� Monitoring Plan Annual Environmental Monitoring Plan is presented in table 6-6 below. Map of monitoring location is in figure 6-1.

Table 0-6 Table of annual Environmental Monitoring Plan

Type of monitoring Frequency Task Report to

Flooding situation Twice per year (in rain season)

ISMC shall collect data, these data will record in GIS

PMU

Quality of water in Phu Loc river (BOD5, COD, DO, SS, Coliform, Total N, Total P, oil and grease, coliform) Samples shall be taken in both flood tide and ebb tide (3 points of sampling during construction: upstream of construction segment, downstream of construction segment, in Danang bay around the river outlet) 4 points of sampling during







operation: upstream, downstream of Hoa Khe outlet, downstream of Phu Loc WWTP outlet, Danang Bay around river outlet Quality of leachate, mainly for heavy metal (Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb) 2 points at before and after leachate pre-treatment tank at Khanh Son landfill

Bi – monthly during dredging

IMSC shall carry out environmental monitoring during construction phase

PMU

Sediment (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Cr6+, total P, total N) 1 sample of dredged sludge (4 points of sampling during operation: starting point of Phu Loc river, downstream of city’s sewer next to 29/3 Textile Company, downstream of Phu Loc WWTP’s outlet, Danang bay around the river mouth)





Air environmental monitoring: SO2,CO, NO2, Pb (particulate and gas), TSP, noise, traffic frequency (08 samples should be taken at Ong Ich Khiem, Dien Bien Phu, Ha Huy Tap, Tran Cao Van/ Dung Sy Thanh Khe, Nguyen Tat Thanh, Luu Quang Vu, Nguyen Khuyen roads, at cross section between EC road and new access road along Phu Loc river, 1 sample at each roads)

Quarterly

IMSC shall carry out environmental monitoring during construction phase, whenever receive complain from LIA

PMU

Mitigation measures monitoring Daily CMC prepare monthly report

ISMC

Community Environmental Management Plan (CEMP)

Daily CSB prepare report every 2 weeks

PMU/ PC

Total of samples during construction phase is 95 samples, in which 60 water samples, 3 sludge samples, and 32 air samples. Total of sample during operation phase is 48 samples, in which 32 water samples, 16 sludge samples.



Figure 0-1 Map of Monitoring location



Project organization for environmental management The proposed organization and relationship of the project’s environmental management, mitigation and reporting roles and responsibilities is presented in Figure 6-2. Detailed functions, missions and roles of concerning stakeholders in this system are described in the following sections.

Figure 0-2 Project Organizational Structure for Environmental Management

Project management unit (PMU)

The Danang PIIP-PMU has the main responsibility of the implementation and monitoring of the CEMP and EMP. In order to do so, a specialized and responsible cadre should be maintained for this purpose. The PMU will formally designate qualified members as their environmental staff, who will conduct environmental supervision during the course of sub-projects implementation to ensure that the EMP set out in the approved EA report is properly implemented.

The PIIP-PMU should work closely with community representatives to promote the community participatory process in the whole process of the project implementation including planning, management, O&M and monitoring. Awareness campaigns should be conducted to the local people to make them aware of the problems relating to the components of the Danang PIIP including upgrading of tertiary infrastructure, improvement of drainage and sewerage systems, roads construction etc. and their role in the project implementation process.

Project Management Unit (PMU)

WB, DONRE and other authorities

Ward People’s Committee, social

organizations (WU, YU,..)

Independent Safeguards Monitoring Consultant

(ISMC)

Contractors implementing mitigation measures

Public consultations expert

CMC Community Supervision Board (CSB)



Besides, the PIIP-PMU shall also work closely with the Districts’ and Wards’ Environmental Officials in the management, operation and monitoring of the project.

To ensure the compliance with the EMP, the Danang PIIP-PMU shall supervise the implementation of mitigation measures by the contractors.

The supervision by the PMU should include the following:

• Carry out monitoring of the project performance indicators related to environmental issues;

• Carry out spot-checks to ensure that the contractors are implementing mitigation measures as specified in the construction contracts;

• Review regular reports by the CMC to ensure the compliance of mitigation measures;

• Review reports by the ISMC on overall environmental impacts of the sub-projects;

• Based on the above reports, report to WB and DONRE on environmental compliance of the sub-projects as part of their bi-annually progress reporting.

The Danang PIIP-PMU should also maintain close cooperation with the relevant enterprises in charge of water supply, sanitation, solid waste collection, etc. to monitor the O&M during the operation of the project.

Community Supervision Board (CSB) At the sub-project’s tertiary and household connection levels, community representatives will be encouraged to participate in monitoring the environmental sanitation conditions in their community through their representatives to the PMU and local executive offices (PCs of wards, communes and district). Direct community involvement will take part prior to and during construction to support implementation monitoring of required impact mitigation measures and other assisting to address related community issues. These community-based monitoring measures will be supported by the project’s ISMC. Supported by the project’s ISMC, community representatives will be involved in the following monitoring measures within their respective wards:

• Participating in training courses to improve environment monitoring competence, to be developed and launched in the coordination of professional offices such as the DONRE and concerned stakeholders and then will be lecturers at communities.

• Directly carrying out environmental monitoring in accordance with the agreed CEMP and specific monitoring methodologies to be developed in coordination with the ISMC.

• Gathering needed baseline information to measure impact / benefits of project implementation.

• Preparing and submitting monitoring reports every two week to the PMU and concerned PCs.

• Recommending any needed adjustments or modifications in project plans and schedules to help minimize and mitigate local environmental impacts and project disturbances to the community.

• Support the dissemination of project information, communications and awareness programs at the community level and provide feed-back on any community complaints or grievances to support needed mitigation measures for project-related environmental impacts.



Construction management consultant (CMC) The main tasks of CMC are monitoring basic construction practices and procedures, including Environmental Code of Practices (ECOP) for mitigating environmental impacts as described in the draft EA. These tasks will be stipulated in detail in the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the CMC and contract with the PMU, both of which are subject to Bank reviews for issuance of a No Objection Letter (NOL). Under the guidance of the PMU, the main tasks of CMC for environmental mitigation and monitoring will include but not be limited to:

• Coordinating and supporting the ISMC in establishing, gathering and providing of required on-site environmental monitoring and construction implementation information.

• Ensuring that all construction work are carried out in full accordance with the approved EMP and related specifications and ECOP of the Contract Documents for mitigating and monitoring environmental impacts.

• Monitoring the implementation of the contractor’s impact mitigation methods and providing any needed recommendations to improve these mitigation measures to satisfy project safeguard requirements for environmental management.

• Establishing needed contingency action plans for quickly and effectively responding to any environmental problems, emergencies and/or damages that may occur during construction.

• Recommending to the PMU the suspension of any and all construction works which do not meet the agreed / contractual requirements for environmental management and public safety.

• Organizing regularly held coordination meetings with concerned stakeholders to provide needed project information, implementation schedules and work plans to enhance local awareness and to identify possible community problems and corresponding solutions prior to implementing the construction works.

Independent Safeguard Monitoring Consultant (ISMC) The ISMC will be responsible for detailed design of the safeguards monitoring program in accordance with regulatory and procedural requirements of the GoV and the Bank. Following reviews and approval of the safeguards monitoring plan, the ISMC will be responsible for monitoring overall project implementation activities and ensuring that agreed environmental safeguard policies of the GoV and the Bank are applied and monitored through the following responsibilities:

• Ensuring that the approved EMP and all project loan agreements related to environmental safeguards are fully applied and complied during project implementation.

• Ensuring that environment impact mitigation measures are established as required for all project implementation aspects within the project’s organization for environmental management system, including: - Establishing and implementing environmental mitigation and monitoring measures

and tasks for the PMU, including estimates of budget and/or staffing requirements. - Assessing the effectiveness of the contractor’s and CMC mitigation measures to be

provided in their proposed mobilization / work plans and recommended to the PMU any needed improvements or modifications to meet the safeguard requirements.

- Specifying to the PMU any situations that may require further detailed assessment studies and/or local consultations to determine possible impact issues and corresponding mitigation measures.



• Establishing standard procedures, methods and forms to assist the PMU and CMC to assess contractors’ progress in implementing required impact mitigation and monitoring measures.

• Assisting the PMU and its environmental mitigation and monitoring specialist to review and check detailed designs and related sections of the Contract Documents to ensure compliance with environmental safeguards and impact mitigation and monitoring requirements.

• Identifying and establishing needed baseline environmental data and CEMPs in coordination with local stakeholders (DONRE), PCs and community representatives to support monitoring of the project’s agreed performance indicators.

• Through the guidance of the PMU, establish and maintain close project coordination with the CMC to ensure that related environmental regulations, mitigation and monitoring measures and methods are clearly understood and integrated into the CMC work plan and reporting procedures, including appropriate criteria and procedures for recommending suspension of construction work when and where contractors do not comply with agreed environmental safeguard requirements.

• Assist the CMC to prepare and to apply if required contingency action plans for any environmental damages or problems that may arise during construction.

• In coordination with the PMU and CMC, provide needed environmental management and impact mitigation assistance and guidance to the project’s contractors.

• Providing needed support and assistance to community representatives in the preparation and implementation of their CEMPs.

• Assisting the PMU to establish and maintain the project’s organization for environmental management, monitoring and reporting system in close coordination with concerned agencies and local communities.

• Providing requested assistance and support for the project’s environmental training and capacity building programs in coordination with the PCs.

• Support the PMU in conducting frequent on-site environmental monitoring surveys and coordination meetings with community representatives during the construction works.

• Provide general environmental guidance as requested by the PMU to enhance overall project implementation and performance.

Contingency Plan

Risks identifications

• Risks during design stage:

During design stage, risks that may arise are often related to designers’ inexperience

and lack of appropriate skills which result in inaccurate calculation results. They may

also relate to unthorough control of the design supervision unit, unsuccess in

predicting the trends of infrastructure changes over time (changes in the city’s

planning, self-upgrading by households that cause differences in works elevations,

flow direction, upgrading scale etc.). Such risks will bring about systematic difficulties

during construction, especially during operation.



• Risks during construction stage:

During construction, in addition to the environmental impacts already determined in

the EIA such as dust, noise, temporary inundation, traffic jam, construction debris etc.,

the project may also encounter such risks as labor accident, traffic accident, fire and

explosion, diseases related to digestion, respiration etc., or dispersion of toxic

substance into the environment, breaking or cracking of houses or public building in

the vicinity of the construction site, leading to the need for compensation, remedy. The

risks also include the residents’ complaints or grievances due to serious impacts on

their health resulting from pollution or damages to their assets. More serious would be

the cases that are given in the media or related to factors difficult to define such as war

explosives residual or toxic substances discovered during excavation. As a result, the

project would bear serious loses such as impacts on people’s lives and properties,

public buildings, loses in finance, delay in project progress, lose of donor’s

confidence, unsuccess in reaching the planned objectives, or in the worst case, even

the project would be stopped .

• Risks during operation stage

In case the project’s design and construction as well as its hand-over are successfully

completed, risks may still arise during the operation. Such risks mainly relate to the

responsibilities of operators. They may also be as a result of improper design or

construction quality and just arise during this stage, not earlier. The risks also may

include the outbreak of diseases in the areas in the vicinity of outlets, excessive

amount of toxic substances coming from production units that exceeds the treatment

capacity, serious break down of the works resulting in inundation, accident to

pedestrians etc.

Content of the Contingency Plan

• Identify undesired and potential risks

• Assessment of risks

Having defined the risks qualitatively, more quantitative information should be

determined, thereby to clearly identify their level, grade as well as needed scale of

relevant contingency plan. The main factors to be determined are as follows:

� Probability of the risks to happen,

� Impact magnitude

� Duration

� Impact subjects

� Possibilities to identify their symptoms, traces



� Need time for reaction

• Classification of risks and identification of risk indicators

Risks that may be more serious shall be thoroughly selected and analyzed. A

classification system with related criteria shall be made for the risks and needed

reactions accordingly, depending on the risk grade.

• Design of a suitable contingency plan

Based on the risks assessment, necessity of the plan would be determined in order

to make it able to be smoothly operated and cases of emergency able to be quickly

dealt with, depending on specific cases (grade, magnitude, impacted subjects etc.).

A plan to regularly review reports in order to discover the risks as early as possible

should also be made.

• Capacity building and operation capacity improvement for stakeholders in

compliance with the plan

This will help make the reaction plan more smooth and effective in operation. The

reaction plan shall be regularly updated so that corresponds to the actual situation

of the project. Its dissemination and digestion as well as periodic control of

reaction capacity shall be strictly followed.

Content of the Contingency Plan Manual shall be developed after the EIA report is

approved to set the base for relevant management agencies in managing the risks

that may arise during the project implementation.

Capacity development and training

Needed training on how to implement effective environmental monitoring, mitigation and reporting measures and systems will be provided to key stakeholders based on the actual project needs, roles and responsibilities:

PMU: Person(s) in charge of environmental issues will be trained to supervise environmental monitoring and reporting, in accordance with the Bank’s safeguards policies and GoV requirements. Contractors: will be trained how to identify and mitigation potential impacts, including requirements and SOPs specified in their Contract Documents, how to monitor implementation of mitigation measures and how to complete monitoring reports. Workers: will be trained on how to prevent pollution and environmental sanitation on the site of construction, how to respond to emergency cases. Community representatives: will be trained on how to participate in on-site, community-based impact observing and monitoring during planning, construction and operation of sub-project components. Proposed training activities will focus on agreed monitoring measures to be observed and reported by community members, including dust, noise, tidiness of streets,



frequency / duration of flooding and sanitary condition of solid waste collection points and public toilets.

A summary of proposed environmental training programs and recommended training participants is summarized in Table 6-7.

Table 0-7 Environmental Training Program

PMU

Course Environmental monitoring and reporting Participants Person(s) in charge of environmental issues and related persons to

environmental management Frequency of training

Once at the beginning of the project, updating during the implementation according to the need

Duration and type One day lecture Content • Overall environmental management related to the project

including requirements of the WB and DONRE, co-operation with related authorities and responsibilities

• Environmental monitoring of the project including structure, content, reporting, time schedules and responsibilities of the monitoring:

o project performance indicators o monitoring of implementation of mitigation measures o community based monitoring o overall regulatory monitoring

• Guidance and supervision of the contractors and community representatives how to implement environmental monitoring

Responsibility the World Bank, DONRE, PMU, ISMC Contractors

Course Implementation of mitigation measures Participants Representatives of main contractors in charge of the reporting to PMU Frequency of training

Once at the beginning of the assignment of each contractor, updating according to the need, estimated number of contractors about 10

Duration and type 2 days lecture to the main contractors, submission of the examples of monthly environmental monitoring reports

Content • Briefing of overall environmental monitoring • Monitoring duties of the contractor according to the contract

documents • Monthly mitigation monitoring reports: content, what and how to

monitor, how to fill the reports, submission of the reports, responsibilities

• Environmental part of the quarterly reports: implementation of mitigation measures, identified problems and solving of the problems

Responsibility PMU with assistance of the World Bank Hanoi office Workers

Course Safety and environmental sanitation Participants Representatives of workers (group leaders) who work directly in the

project components Frequency of training

One at the beginning of the construction work, updating during the implementation according to the need

Duration and type One day lecture and one day on-site presentation Content • Briefing of overall safety and environmental issues



• Duties of the workers • Safety and environmental sanitation management on the works • Mitigation measures to apply in the works • Safety measures on electricity, mechanic, transportation, air

pollution • How to respond to emergency cases

Responsibility PMU with assistance of the ISMC Communities

Course On-site observing and monitoring Participants Team leaders of catchment drainage area Frequency of training

Once before the beginning of the construction

Duration and type One day lecture and one day on-site presentation Content • Briefing of overall environmental monitoring

• Duties of communities • Content and type of observation during construction: water supply,

drainage, dredging, roads, solid waste, dust, noise • Content and type of observation during operation: water supply,

drainage, dredging, roads, solid waste, dust, noise • How to make and record on-site observations, examples on-site • Monthly mitigation monitoring reports: content, what and how to

monitor, how to fill the reports, submission of the reports, responsibilities

• Environmental risks during construction and operation • Receiving, collecting and reporting on complaints from the residents • Reporting to PMU

Responsibility PMU with assistance of the ISMC and World Bank Hanoi office

There are two training courses, one before the commencement of the project and one day on-site presentation with about 50 participants.

Budget requirement for environmental management, mitigation and monitoring A summary of the proposed budgets for recommended environmental management, mitigation and monitoring measures is presented in Table 6-8 for each of the following key EMP implementation activities: • Environmental training: there are 2 training courses during construction phase and an

annual training course for Community in next 2 years in operation phase • Independent safeguards monitoring consultant (ISMC): including monitoring cost and

consultant fee, the consultant fee is estimated for 2 people for 18 months of construction phase and 2 man-months/ year for next 2 years in operation phase.

• Environmental monitoring by the Construction Management Consultant (CMC) • EMP administration and management responsibilities of the PMU

Table 0-8 Estimated Budget Costs for EMP Implementation (in USD)

Description Proposed Budget Source of Budget

1 Implementation of Mitigation Measures

Costs included in construction contracts

Loan proceeds



2 Environmental Training of PMUs, communities etc.

4,800 Loan proceeds

3 Monitoring cost during construction

7.500 Loan proceeds

Monitoring cost during operation

2.800 Loan proceeds

4 Independent Safeguards Monitoring Consultant (ISMC)

20,000 Loan proceeds

5 Environmental Monitoring by CMC

Costs included in Supervision Contract

Loan proceeds

Total 35,100Note: Proposed budget costs exclude VAT, contingency and escalation costs

Operation phase of phase 1 is in implementation phase of phase 2, so monitoring cost for 2 years in operation phase of phase 1 will be funded by the project.



PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

Recommendations of Ward People’s Committee and Fatherland Front Ward community consultation was conducted in all of wards in project area in April, 2006. In this consultation stage, Consultant used survey method by questionnaire tables in order to define existing environmental conditions and consulted about environmental impacts in case of project implementation. Consultation was conducted in wards including: Hoa Hai, Thanh Khe Tay, Hoa Khe, Hoa Tho Dong, Binh Thuan, Nam Duong, Xuan Ha, An Hai Bac, Hoa Quy, Hai Chau. Preliminary information of existing infrastructure, solid waste management in the wards, possible environmental impacts of project was collected in this survey. Most of people in the wards had no suggestion except impacts of dust, noise, pollution because of waste and waste water of several wards. In the 2nd public consultation conducted from 10th to 13th July, 2007, the executive summary of EIA report for phase 1 was sent to related Ward’s PCs for their comments. The consulted Wards are including : Hoa Minh, Thanh Khe Dong, Hoa Khe, Thanh Khe Tay, Nam Duong, Hoa Hai and Hai Chau 2. Results of consultations are summarized as follows: a. Existing environmental condition: all wards agreed with description of

existing environmental condition at project areas, except Nam Duong Ward add that the area from Ma Voi market to back of Phap Lam pagoda is sunken, it is usually inundated after raining with flood height from 0.8 to 1.2m. Flooding has polluted water resources and environment, created condition for epidemic diseases. Air environment around the Ma Voi market has been polluted by odor from solid waste with large amount, people also throw garbage at this area.

b. Impacts and mitigation measures during construction: all wards agreed that impacts identified during construction are unavoidable and required the project to conform to proposed mitigation measures. In addition, they also added other measures as follow: - Construction shall be carried out quickly, avoid prolongation. - Drainage system of Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RA shall connect to

existing sewers at North West new urban area. - In case transportation triggers damages of existing roads,

necessary rehabilitation shall be taken. - During construction of Phu Loc river, it is necessary to propose

mitigation measures in order to minimize damages of structures, compensate to affected assets.

- Construction of Thanh Khe 5 LIA should be done in each area. It should not be carried out for the whole LIA simultaneously to avoid impacts on local traffic.

- Business at Ma Voi market and along upgraded roads shall be affected during construction stage. The project should have measures to support affected people.

- During construction of drainage system at LIA, wastewater should be pumped and conveyed to main sewers.

c. Impacts and mitigation measures during operation phase: All wards agreed with proposed mitigation measures during operation phase. The Thanh Khe Tay and Thanh Khe Dong wards required project to propose measures to avoid repollution and sand deposit of Phu Loc river.

Recommendations of affected people Recommendations of affected people have been collected through CUP preparation and two community consultation surveys. The first community consultation survey was conducted



together with socio-economic survey from 28th June to 6th July, 2006. The second consultation was conducted from 10th to 13th June and from 4th to 6th August, 2007.

Results of the first consultation - Consultation approach : group meeting, divided into male and female group - Consultation subject: affected people by project activities in 2 phases. - Number of participants: 289 - Consultation content: Consultant introduced project activities, potential environment

impacts would happen during construction and operation phase as well as propose mitigation measures.

- Issues discussed: (1) Impacts of the project during construction and operation (2) Recommendation of mitigation measures.

- Discussion results: • Most of participants did accept temporary impacts during construction stage. They

also added impacts to business during construction phase, but they were willing to accept this impact in short term.

• Participants requested that construction shall be on schedule, avoid prolongation. • Most of participants did agree with proposed mitigation measures during

construction stage. They also added that the construction should be carried out in dry season and lighting system should be provided at night to avoid accident.

• Most of participants did agree with potential impacts and proposed mitigation measures during operation phases. They added that URENCO should have plan for regular dredging and inspecting of drainage system.

Results of the second public consultation - Consultation approach : group meeting and questionnaire - Consultation subject: affected people by project activities in phase 1. - Number of participants: 154 - Consultation content: Consultant introduced project activities, potential environment

impacts would happen during construction and operation phase as well as propose mitigation measures.

- Issues Discussed: (1) Suggestions on existing environmental condition at project areas (2) Impacts during construction and operation phase (3) Recommendation on mitigation measures (4) Willingness in taking part in project activities

- Consultation result: • Attendants described environmental condition at their living areas, their

descriptions were incorporated in section 4 – Existing natural condition. • The majority of people took part in group meeting accepted possible impacts. • However, there are several opinions as follow:

+ Although construction shall be able to affect to their business activities, they ready accepted.

+ The other opinion is accepting to be affected within 1-2 weeks of construction but unaccepting to extend construction period;

+ Construction could affect to houses and make walls split; + Habitants accept to be affected but section construction must complete at a

given moment, without construction period extension that causes traffic obstruction;



+ In case of temporary water supply corruption, announcement and temporary discharge option in construction process shall be prepared.

• Most of habitants agree with proposed mitigation measures. There are several additional suggestions as follow: + PMU have to commit to implement in due time and quality with wards and

community to; + Specifying responsibility of stakeholders and address of major responsible

party in order to complain in case of arising problems; + Constructing on dry season and avoiding rain season and vacations; + Announcing rate of construction progress; + Strict management of housing construction in locality from now; + It is necessary to construct in rush hours because the project needs to

implement quickly; + During sewers construction, safety measures shall be applied for habitants,

especially in the evening; + Installing electric lights prior to construct. + In case of impacts to house structure, compensation unit price shall be

prepared before implementation. + Fishermen who have boats berthing in Phu Loc outlet ready to find another

berth by themselves. In case they could not, it is necessary to support the berth. • Impacts and mitigation measures in operation phase:

+ Habitants agree with proposed mitigation measures and take part in sewer dredging willingly;

+ Sewers need to be tested and cleaned prior to put on the lid; + However, it is suggested that sewer dredging must be carried out by

URENCO and be dealt timely in case of community’s request; + Community awareness improvement programme is needed.

Suggestions of mitigation measures base on community consultations was included in the sections: Impact assessment and proposed mitigation measures. Minute of consultations are in annex C.

Public dislosure The English version of draft EA report for phase 1 was disclosed in 31 August, 2007 at VIDIC, at Washington DC in 31 August, 2007. The Vietnamese version of draft EA report was disclosed at PMU, Danang DONRE and related Wards on 24 September, 2007. The final draft will be replaced after appraisal, scheduled in Dec. 2007.


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) Annex A- 1

ANNEX A

BASELINE DATA



Table 1 Danang climate features

Average temperature, oC Total rainfall, mm Average humidity, %Month

2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004

January 22,7 21,7 20,8 21,9 44,5 32,7 22,0 87,9 87 84 84 86

February 22,3 22,4 23,6 21,2 40,7 30,6 20,2 6,9 84 84 88 84

March 24,4 24,4 24,5 24,1 92,5 37,0 37,6 9,5 86 85 84 85

April 27,4 26,7 27,0 26,5 - 133,0 17,8 12,8 83 84 84 84

May 28,4 28,8 28,5 28,4 272,8 385,0 110,3 43,7 81 78 81 80

June 28,7 29,5 29,6 29,2 208,1 104,3 95,7 154,3 81 78 77 76

July 29,9 30,5 28,8 28,3 36,1 30,2 12,7 244,1 76 73 79 80

August 27,9 28,5 29,0 28,9 512,1 375,8 85,7 69,1 84 82 79 78

September 27,8 27,0 27,1 27,3 107,9 526,9 478,0 128,6 82 86 87 83

October 26,4 26,0 25,9 25,0 728,4 527,4 412,6 266,1 86 86 85 83

November 23,4 24,7 24,5 24,3 307,3 470,2 295,2 258,1 83 85 85 86

December 22,0 23,5 21,5 21,8 400,4 212,2 159,7 94,0 87 87 87 85

Wholeyear 25,9 26,1 25,9 25,6 2750,8 2865,3 1747,5 1375,1 83 83 83 82



Table 2 Average, highest, lowest sea water level at Son Tra Station (1979-2004) (height ‘0 depth’)

Month Average water level

cm Maximum water level

cm Minimum water level

cm

1 97 168 16

2 91 162 19

3 86 159 20

4 80 158 7

5 83 166 18

6 82 158 17

7 80 166 9

8 86 177 20

9 98 232 23

10 118 235 43

11 120 212 38

12 110 188 31

Whole year

94 235 7



Table 3 Result of air quality at project areas

SamplesNo Parameter Unit

KK1 KK2 KK3 KK4 KK5 KK6 KK7-1 KK7-2 KK7-3 KK8-1 KK8-2 KK8-3 KK9 KK10 KK11

TCVN5937:1995

1Winddirection

- E-S E-S E-W E-W NE-SW E-S E-S E-S E-S E-S E-S E-S SE-NW W-E NE-SW -

2Windvelocity

m/s0.5 -0.65

1.2 - 1.4 0.7 - 0.9 0.6 - 0.8 0.5 - 0.7 1.1-1.3 1.9-2.1 1.0-1.1 1.2-1.3 0.8-1.0 1.0-1.2 1.0-1.2 2.1 - 2.3 0.8 - 1.01.3 -1.5

-

3Temperature

0C 34 - 36 35- 37 34 - 35 35 - 37 34 - 36 35-37 31-33 35-37 31-32 33-35 34-36 30-32 33 - 35 34 - 36 29 - 31 -

4 Humidity % 48 - 50 47 - 49 23 - 25 24 - 26 52 - 54 44-46 35-37 45-47 67-69 35-37 64-66 68-70 33 - 35 42 - 44 43 - 45 -5 Noise dB 64 - 65 62 - 63 66 - 67 55 - 57 62 - 64 59-61 75-77 71-73 71-73 62-64 82-84 71-73 52 - 54 59 - 61 52 - 54 70*

6 TSP mg/m3 11.69 7.48 7.2 7.2 5.7 6.5 39 49.2 9.14 25.3 5.1 18.6 19.5 11.6 9.4 0.3

7Leadparticulate

mg/m3 Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace 0.005

8 SO2 mg/m3 0.2 0.19 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.2 0.22 0.25 0.18 0.2 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.16 0.5

9 NO2 mg/m3 0.011 0.028 0.021 0.021 0.024 0.037 0.023 0.75 0.144 0.037 0.082 0.027 0.021 0.02 0.044 0.4

10 CO mg/m3 1.3 1.4 5 1.4 1.8 1.5 7.65 1.8 1.8 1.4 4.15 1.4 5.44 3.97 4.24 40

11 Lead gas mg/m3 Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace Trace 0.005**

12 CxHy mg/m3 2.17 1.33 1.44 3.33 0.71 0.58 0.69 1.42 0.96 1.13 1.81 0.65 Trace 1.04 2.28 1.5**

Notes:KK1: Sample at Thanh Khe 1 area KK2: Sample at Xuan Hoa A areaKK3, KK4, KK5: Sampleat Thanh Khe 5 area KK6: Sample at Chau Thanh areaKK7-1: Sampleat Ong Ich Khiem road, from 8h20 to 12h KK7-2: Sampleat Ong Ich Khiem road, from 13h to 17h30KK7-3: Sampleat Ong Ich Khiem road, from 17h30 to 20h10 KK8-1: Sampleat Nguyen Hoang road, from 8h25 to 12hKK8-2: Sampleat Nguyen Hoang road, from 13h10 to 17h35 KK8-3: Sampleat Nguyen Hoang road, from 17h35 to 20h15KK9: Sample at Luu Quang Vu road, Hoa Quy KK10: Sample at Nguyen Khuyen road, Hoa MinhKK11: Sample at Thanh Khe Tay RA, next to the29/3 Textilecompany** Standard TCVN 5938:1995 Air quality – Acceptable maximum concentration of noxious matter in the air – Maximum concentration of noxious

matter in the air.* TCVN 6962:2001 Vibrations and seismism - Vibrations caused by construction and industrial production activities - Permitted maximum levels

for the environment of public places and populated areas.



Table 4 Water quality of Phu Loc river

(samples dated 21/5/2007)

Testing results No. Parameter Unit NM2 NM3 NM4

TCVN 5942-1995

Flood tide

Ebb tide

Flood tide

Ebb tide

Flood tide

Ebb tide

1 pH - 7.66 7.54 8 8 8 8 5.5 - 9 2 BOD5 mg/l 890 880 1,045 1,005 130 215 < 25 3 COD mg/l 1,540 1,630 1,900 1,990 420 465 < 35 4 DO mg/l 4.12 4.63 4 4 4.40 4.52 � 25 Sal 0/00 0.89 0.31 2 1 1.43 0.98 - 6 SS mg/l 718 485 757 580 375 270 80 7 NO3

-(as N) mg/l 0.64 0.58 0.87 1.45 0.10 0.19 15

8NH4

+(as N)

mg/l 12.86 17.39 15.01 21.95 4.15 8.15 1

9 P-PO43- mg/l 2.98 2.09 5.30 2.19 0.11 1.06 -

10 Total Coliform

MNP/100ml 30,603 28,103 18,103 33,103 5,603 14,103 10,000

Notes:NM2 : Sample at starting point of Phu Loc river NM3 : Sample at downstream of city’s drainage outlet, near 29/3 Textile company NM4 : Sample near Phu Loc outlet NM5 : Sample at Danang bay, around Phu Loc outlet



Table 5 Quality of surface water in Hoa Quy RA

Testing result No. Parameter Unit

NM1 TCVN 5942:1995

1 pH - 7.4 5.5 - 9

2 BOD5 mg/l 18 < 25

3 COD mg/l 58.5 < 35

4 DO mg/l 6.12 � 25 Sal. 0/00 trace -

6 SS mg/l 20 80

7 N-org mg/l 0.56 -

8 NO3-(as N) mg/l 14.3 15

9 NH4+(as N) mg/l 1.19 1

10 PO43- mg/l 0.42 -

11 Total Coliform MNP/100ml 6.103 10000

Table 6 Ground water quality at project areas

Samples No. Parameter Unit

NN1 NN2 NN3 NN4 NN5 NN6 NN8

TCVN

5944:1995

1 pH - 7.25 6.3 7.89 6.26 7.67 7.17 6.6 6.5 - 8.5

2 Color Cobalt 2 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 - 50

3 Smell - none none none none none none none -

4 Taste - Sweet none Tart sickly sickly none Tart -

5 Turbidity NTU 10 8 3 7 9 6 4 -

6Hardness

(CaCO3)mg/l 52.5 205 225 360 77.5 297 132 300 - 500

7 TDS mg/l 176 377 422 883 563 558 141 -

8 Cl- mg/l 55.9 99.26 110 365 319 162 70.9 200 - 600

9 F- mg/l 0.25 0.5 0.27 0.25 0.35 0.18 0.47 1

10 Fe mg/l 0.19 0.25 0.13 0.36 0.12 0.34 0.46 1 - 5

11 Mn mg/l 0.04 0.02 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.1 0.05 0.1 - 0.5

12 NO3- mg/l 0.138 0.143 1.89 0.13 0.51 0.14 0.63 45

13 PO43- mg/l 0.41 0.29 0.32 4.7 2.88 0.33 0.49 -

14 As mg/l KPH < 0.001 < 0.01 < 0.01 <0.0025 <0.001 <0.001 0.05

15 Total

Coliform

MNP/

100ml 17 KPH 45 KPH 33 KPH KPH 3

Notes:



NN1: sample from Thanh Khe 1, at shallow well, 6m depth NN2: sample from Xuan Hoa, at drilled well, 16m depth NN3: sample from Thanh Khe 5, at shallow well, abandoned for long time NN4: sample from Thanh Khe 5, at drilled well NN5: sample from Hoa Minh, at shallow well, 8m depth NN6: sample from Chau Thanh, at drilled well, 25m depth NN8: sample from Hoa Qui, at drilled well, 7m depth KPH: not detected

Table 7 Ground water quality at Thanh Khe Tay RA

No. Parameter Unit Result TCVN

5944:1995

1 pH - 7.7 6.5 - 8.5

2 Color Pt-Co 2 5 – 50

3 Odour - No odour -

4 Taste - Light tart -

5 Turbidity NTU 7 -

6 Coliform MPN/100ml 23 3

7 Pb mg/l Trace 0.05

8 Zn mg/l 1.54 5.0

9 Cd mg/l Not detected 0.01

10 Ni mg/l Trace -

11 Cr+6 mg/l 0.008 0.05

Table 8 Soil quality at Thanh Khe Tay RA

M u

No. Parameter VT S1 S2

TCVN

7209 - 2002

1 Pb mg/kg 1.04 4.12 70

2 Zn mg/kg 12.2 35.3 200

3 Cd mg/kg Trace Trace 2

4 Ni mg/kg Trace Trace -

5 Cr+6 mg/kg 0.12 0.2 -

Note:S1: sample from the fruit garden S2: sample from alluvial area of Phu Loc river


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) Annex B- 1

ANNEX B

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF PRACTICES IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR RESETTLEEMTN AREAS

IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF EMBANKMENT, ROADS AND DRAINAGE/ INTERCEPTOR

ALONG BOTH SIDE OF PHU LOC RIVER PROCEDURE UPON DISCOVERY



Generic mitigation measures – Environmental Code of Practices (ECOP)



Issue/ Impacts Code Mitigation measures A1 All vehicles and machinery shall have register of quality Air emission A2 Not to let equipment operate unloaded D1 Immediate shifting of construction debris D2 Spraying water on the surface of structures before demolishing D3 Regular spraying water on the site D4 Cover transportation vehicles to avoid dust, soil and material scattered during

transportation D5 Clean vehicles before going out of the site

Dust

D6 Regular spray water, twice per day Solid waste management DB1 Provide dust bin at the site and contract with URENCO to collect solid waste

daily Temporary disruption of drainage

DC1 Schedule construction activities with the Drainage Company (DC)

DO1

Closed a part of the Lake for construction Increased turbidity around construction area of the outlet DO2 Well manage wastes generated Dredge sludge E1 Avoid to extend construction time Temporary disruption electricity

EC1 Schedule construction activities with the Electricity Company (EC)

L1 Compensatory planting should be done Loss of trees and vegetation L2 Planting new trees upon completion of Works Loss of agricultural land L3 Compensatory affected people

HS1 Provision of emergency aid service insitu HS2 Raise barriers/ fence and dangerous warning signs HS3 Limit speed of vehicles within the site HS4 Avoid transportation during rush hours HS5 Provision of temporary crossing across the sewer trenchs wherever necessary HS6 During night sufficient light are provided for illumination HS7 Provision of Personal Protective equipment to workers HS8 Avoid to contact in long time HS9 Train workers on safety regulation HS10 Calculate and apply necessary support method to avoid landslide

Health sand Safety

HS11 In case of accident, stop construction and take necessary recovery measures M1 Consult with Ward’s PC to provide a temporary place for business activities M2 Regular cleaning of facilities M3 Provision of hand washing and toilet M4 Contract with URENCO to collect solid waste daily M5 Ventilating shaft are located in such a way that not causing pollution to nearby

houses M6 Regular cleaning of facilities M7 Provision of fire horse

Management of market

M8 Train staff of Market PMU and businessmen on firefighting MT1 Provide mobile toilet at the site Wastewater at the site MT2 Clean toilet daily N1 Regular maintenance of equipment and vehicles N2 Provision of Personal Protective equipment, ear mufflers, etc. to workers N3 Avoiding construction activities during nights

Noise

N4 Planting trees to reduce noise Residual oil and grease O1 Any used oils are to be stored in elevated tanks located on concrete bases

surrounded by walls sufficiently high to contain liquids in case of break or accidental spill

T1 Divert and regulate traffic in consultation with authorizers and community in advance

T2 While planning alternate route care should be taken to minimize impact at sensitive locations such as school or market, etc

T3 Signals and signs of diversion should be provided T4 Reused excess soil for leveling sunken areas or transport to a designated

disposal site T5 Avoid transportation during rush hours

Disturbance to traffic

T6 Effective safety and warning measures Waste from worker at the site

W1 Arrange with community

Solid waste W2 Contract with URENCO to collect solid waste daily W3 Regular dredging sewers to avoid stagnation W4 Provision of sewers or pump to divert wastewater W5 Regularly check condition of drainage system

Stagnation of sewage

W6 Not to dispose solid waste to sewers W7 Left manhole cover opened for a while before dredging W8 Used tank truck for transportation

Dredged sludge in sewer

W9 Disposed dredged sludge at city’s disposal site



Impact by activities of Sub-component A1 – Resettlement Housing Areas

1. Impacts during construction phase

a. Loss of trees and vegetation

Trees and vegetation will be destroyed during site clearance; affected ones are mainly fruit trees and vegetable. Compensation shall be done before commencement of construction.

b. Loss of agricultural land

Agricultural land will be acquired during site clearance. The total agricultural land in Hoa Minh –Hoa Khanh RA and Thanh Khe Tay RA are 11,382 and 33,731m2, respectively. Hoa Quy RA do not have agricultural land. Compensation shall be done before commencement of construction.

c. Dust and noise due to demolishing structures

Dust and noise are generated during demolishment and debris transportation from the sites to disposal area, this impact occurs locally and mainly at vicinity of demolishing areas. The largest impact will occur in Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RA, then in Thanh Khe Tay RA with demolished house areas of some 9,213m2 and 5,495m2, respectively.

d. Increased dust levels during construction

Dust emitted from excavation and construction activities. Dust will effect directly to workers at the site, make it inconvenience to daily activities of neighboring households. The main dust source is from earth excavation. Generated dust is about 1-100g of dust particles/ 1m3 excavated soil. Based on amount of excavated soil in the table 3-2, estimated total dust generated in Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RA is 0.09 – 8.7T, in Thanh Khe Tay RA is 0.05 – 5.4 T and in Hoa Quy RA is 0.007 –



0.7T. Dust generated in the Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RA and Thanh Khe Tay RA are relatively high, however regularly spray water on the site surface could reduce dust remarkably. Fugitive dust due to movement of transportation vehicles would increase TSP content at main transportation routes. However, at the moment, TSP at transportation routes is already high, from 32 times (at access road to Thanh Khe Tay RA) to 65 times (at Luu Quang Vu road) higher than standard.

e. Increased noise and air emission during construction

Noise is generated mainly from construction activities and operation of construction equipment. Noise is generated by bulldozers, concrete mixers and transportation means with noise level of 61,5 – 73 dBA within 10m radius around construction site. People living along those routes would be affected by noise due to increasing number of vehicles. The existing noise level there is low, ranging from 52 to 61 dBA. Noise generated by truck is 68 dBA within 10m radius and 62 dBA within 20m radius. Thus noise level at project areas is still below standard. Air emissions are NOx, CO, CO2, generated from the engines of the construction equipment and traffic. These impacts occur mainly at vicinity of construction areas. The transportation routes would be also affected by air emission from vehicles, such as at Luu Quang Vu road, Tran Cao Van road, content of noxious emissions at these routes is still much below standard, so during construction, even though air environment would be slightly affected by emissions, its parameters will be still below standard.

f. Increased domestic waste

Domestic waste generated from recreation activities, including wastewater and solid waste. With the number of 50-100 workers on each construction site and wastewater standard of a worker is 50l/day, the volume of wastewater generated by them is estimated at 2.5 – 5m3/ day. The amount of generated domestic wastewater is small, but could affects to ground water if it is not collected. Setting mobile toilet at the site will reduce impacts of wastewater. With the number of workers working at each site of about 50 – 100 persons, it is estimated that the volume of solid waste generated at each site is some 25 – 50kg/ day (average solid waste generated is 0.5kg/ capita-day). This waste is small and manageable.

g. Disposal of excess soil

For the Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh area, the excavated soil is large volume and could remove to other sunken area such as Phu Loc river for leveling. Since the Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh is constructed in most paddy field and fruit garden, thus excavated top soil from this area could be reused or disposed at city’s debris disposal site and has no negative impacts. Hoa Quy is at sandy ground and needs to filling up to design level. Since Thanh Khe Tay area is close to Phu Loc river and Textile company, which is the high pollution source to the river, some soil samples were taken and tested to determine its contamination. One of sample was taken close to river bank and the other was in fruit garden. The results show that soil in the area has not contaminated by heavy metal, so it could be safely reused or disposed.

h. Temporary flooding during rain



The Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RA is a sunken area, at the moment, this is a drainage area for surrounding inhabitants. Leveling this RA would lead to change drainage direction, result in flooding surrounding area during rain. The Thanh Khe Tay RA is in high level and next to Phu Loc river, thus in rainy season, run-off water from this site would drain to the river, thus there are no negative impacts for surrounding inhabitants. The Hoa Quy RA is sunken area and will be filled up, thus neighboring area would be inundated during rain. However, surrounding this site is unoccupied and sandy area, so run-off water could be easily absorb to the soil.

i. Possible traffic jam at transportation route

Transportation routes such as Tran Cao Van, Nguyen Khuyen, Luu Quang Vu would be affected by increasing traffic density. At the moment, traffic density at Luu Quang Vu road is not high, only 50-60 motorbikes/ h and 5-6 cars/ h. During construction phase, if 5T trucks will be used in transportation, the average number of vehicles on Luu Quang Vu road would be increased by 7 trucks/ h. Traffic density at Nguyen Khuyen road is relatively high as of 440-1.500 motorbikes/ h and 50-100 cars/ h and during construction, it might be increased by 3 trucks/h. As Tran Cao Van is one of the main roads of the city, it would have the same traffic density as at Ong Ich Khiem road with 1.300-2.200 motorbike/h and 50-150 cars/ h. The number of vehicles at this road would be increased by 9 trucks/ h. During construction phase, traffic jam is possible to happen at Tran Cao Van if transportation is not well managed. Impacts to traffic at Luu Quang Vu and Nguyen Khuyen roads are medium.

j. Leakage of residual oil

Residual oil and grease may be harmful waste (code: A3020, Basel: Y8). Impact of residual oil and grease will happen in case of leakage in store, overflow water together with oil from construction equipment. If there are no strict methods to control their collection and removal, whenever they permeate through the soil or get into the Phu Loc river, the water and ground environment will be polluted.

k. Risk of accidents

Accidents would occur to workers, people living around construction areas due to construction activities. Thus safety measures should be applied at the site.

l. Labor safety

Health of worker would be affected by wastes generated from construction activities. Accidents would happen during construction if safety regulations are not implemented at the site.

m. Possible cracking of adjacent buildings

Because the soil condition in RAs is week, the structure of buildings nearby RAs would be affected due to deep excavation of foundation for apartment blocks. Thus attention should be paid during construction of apartment block, particularly at the areas next to housing area. 2. Impacts during operation phase

a. Increased wastewater



Estimated volume and pollutant loads from each RA are presented in table below. Wastewater volume is not high but would be a pollution source to soil and surface water if it is not collected and treated properly.

Table 0-1 Estimated volume and pollutant loads from RAs

(up to 2020)

Parameter Unit Hoa Minh - Hoa

Khanh RA

Hoa Quy RA

Thanh Khe Tay RA

Water demand l/capita-day 150 150 150 Average wastewater amount per capita (equals 80% of water demand)

l/capita-day 120 120 120

Population Per. 1400 1330 625 Wastewater volume m3/ day 168 160 75 BOD5 per capita g/ capita-day 30 – 35 30 – 35 30 – 35Total BOD5 Kg/ day 42 – 49 39.9 – 46.6 18.8 – 21.9 SS per capita g/ capita-day 50 – 55 50 – 55 50 – 55 Total SS Kg/ day 70 – 77 66,5 – 73.15 31.3 – 34.4

As the wastewater load from each RA is small and will be collected and conducted to the city’s sewers, then separated and treated at the WWTP (as mentioned in project alternatives chapter), the impacts of sewage is therefore slight. Flush wastewater will be pre-treated in households’ septic tanks before connecting to the combined system. Septage will be regularly sucked and disposed of by URENCO, hence impact of septage is slight.

b. Stagnation of sewage, odor problem

Stagnation might occur due to blocking or siltation in drains and manholes. Stagnated sewage inside the drainage systems would be anaerobic digested and emit toxic gases such as Methane (CH4), Sulphur Hydro (H2S), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), which create unpleasant and bad odor to the surrounding place, particularly in the dry season.

c. Odor during sludge dredging

Sludge dredging should be carried out regularly during O&M of the drainage system. The main issue during dredging existing sewer is odor. Odor generated from digestion of accumulated sludge inside the drains and could harm health of workers. However, this impact would occur in short term only.

d. Impact during transportation of dredged sludge

Because the dredged sediment will be in a very muddy condition, leakage of materials and liquids will be an important impact concern during transport if the proper measures and vehicles are not used to control such leakage during transport. Leakage of dredged sludge on the transportation route would dirty road surface, affect to aesthetic of the city.

a. Impact to ground water due to leakage of sewers and manholes



Wastewater from leakage of sewers and manholes would infiltrate into ground and contaminate ground water.

b. Increased solid waste

This kind of waste comes from households and business activities. The average amount of solid waste generated in Danang city is 0.86kg/ capita-day, the total amounts of solid waste generated in Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh, Hoa Quy, Thanh Khe Tay RAs are estimated at 1.2, 1.1, 0.5 T/day respectively. Total volume of solid waste generated from each resettlement site is not high. Each RA will be facilitated with solid waste collection tanks that placed at sidewalk with distance between tanks is 30m, solid waste will be collected daily by URENCO, so this impact is slight.

Impact during construction of embankment, roads and drainage/ interceptor along both side of Phu Loc river

1. Impacts during construction of roads, interceptor and river embankment

a. Street excavation Pollution sources Length and quantity of proposed items are as follow: Length of embankment and management road at both river sides: some 4km Length of drainage and wastewater collection sewer along both sides of the river: 5,875m Estimated volume of excavated soil from construction activities is about 83,817m3. Primary waste from excavation during construction process is predicted to be organic soil and medium coarse sand because most sections of the Phu Loc river sides are earth banks. Besides, there is also a small amount of construction debris from demolishing existing underground works or road excavation. Excavating 1m3 soil would generate in average about 1-100g of dust particles, so with 83,817m3 soil the amount of generated dust particles would be some 83.8 to 8,380 kg. Impacted subjectsSince the executing route stretches out along the Phu Loc River banks, affected objects during the process of building the river embankment are households, schools and factories... along the banks, including:



- Households living within construction area, affected duration is estimated at 1-2 weeks for each construction section (10-20m length of embankment or sewer). Affected will be residential areas along the river.

- Some schools and offices could be affected during the construction process, including College of Gymnastic, Workshop 2 of 29/3 Textile company, Commercial Secondary school.

- Soil environment: soil band and vegetational cover along the river, which are within construction limit, would be destroyed eternally to construct access road and embankment.

- Main transportation routes such as Nguyen Tat Thanh, Tran Cao Van/ Dung Sy Thanh Khe road would be affected during construction by increasing traffic density.

Impact assessment

With about 83.8 – 8,380 kg dust generated during excavation within an area of some 61,500m2, the volume of dust is rather high if necessary mitigation measures are not applied. In fact, the amount of dust generated would be even higher due to possible material spill during transportation and deposited dust as it might be swept up by wind and vehicles from the storage. Besides, dust is also geneteared during demolition of the existing underground works.

A large amount of arising dust shall impact directly the workers because of their frequent contact with high dust concentration air and shall bring inconveniences to daily living of habitants in construction area. The most seriously affected subjects are the people who live near the construction site, especially in dry season. However, if the construction work is diveded (one or two weeks for a construction section), this impact shall happen in a short time and confined scale. Actually, spraying water frequently on construction area is a necessary measure to reduce dust pollution.

b. Dust and air emission from construction vehicles Pollution sourcesDust and air emission will be generated by construction vehicles in the work areas and along transportation routes used for hauling materials. Volume of dust and exhaust fumes will be estimated based on the following assumptions: - It is supposed that the volume of dug soil that needs to be disposed of and the volume of

materials is equivalent with the total volume of excavated soil (83,817m3). - 5 ton capacity trucks will be used and it could carry about 4m3 of soil or materials per trip.

It is estimated that 33,596 vehicle trips out/in along 8.000m of construction routes. - Proposed construction duration is 18 moths (from June, 2008 to December, 2009). So, the

increasing number of vehicles on all the construction routes is about 8 trips per hour in average. In the construction phase, a big amount of vehicles that go in and out construction area will cause environmental pollution by dust and air emission (SO2, NOx, CO, VOC). Based on the quick assessment method of the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimate of generated dust and other key air emissions generated by transportation vehicles is provided in Table below.

Estimated air emission from transportation vehicle

Emission Emission factor (kg/1000km)

Emission load (8,000m x 39 trip/day)

(kg/ d) TSP 0,9 0,06

SO2 4,29xS 0,133

NOx 11,8 0,73

CO 6,0 0,37



VOC 2,6 0,16

(Note: S - Concentration of sulphur in fuel, S = 0.3 – 0.5%) Impact assessment

According to calculation, concentrations of average pollution matter increase on the whole construction route. Estimated additional concentration of dust, SO2, CO, VOC are 0.64, 1.51, 4.24 and 1.84µg/m3, respectively.

The main transportation routes for construction are Nguyen Tat Thanh and Tran Cao Van roads. Based on baseline environment, added with dust and air emissions from transportation vehicles, TSP concentration would be higher than standard, while concentration of SO2, CO, VOC are still lower than standard (see the test result of air quality in Annex A). Frequent vehicle travels together with large number of construction equipment that operate concurrently would trigger major impact as it would cause stuffy or uncomfortable feeling for habitants within the areas, particularly for elder and children.

c. Noise and vibration of transportation vehicles and other construction equipment

Pollution sources

Noise will be generated mainly by the trucks transporting materials out/in the site and other construction equipment as well as machinery as excavators, bulldozers etc. The predicted noise levels at calculated points will be defined based on the following formula (Pham Ngoc Dang, 1997):

Lp (X) = Lp (Xo) +20 log10 (Xo/X) (dB)

Lp(Xo): noise level at a distance of 01m from the source (dBA)

Xo = 1 m

Lp(X): the noise level to be calculated

X: the location where the noise is to be calculated

Noise level at calculated points of transportation vehicles and machinery are presented on Table follow.

Predicted Noise Levels from Construction Vehicles and Equipment

Noise Level - 1 m from Source Type of Vehicle

and Equipment Range Average

Predicted Noise Level

10 m from Source

Predicted Noise Level

20 m from Source

Bulldozer 93 73 67.0

Leveler 72.0 74.0 54 45.0

Excavator 72.0 - 84.0 78.0 58 52.0

Truck 82.0 - 94.0 88 68 62

Concrete mixer 75.0 - 88.0 81.5 61.5 55.5



National standard (TCVN 5949-1998): 50 - 75 dBA (between 6 AM – 6 PM) for residential areas

National standard for working environment issued by Ministry of Health: 85 dBA (8 hour work day)

Impact assessment

Noise and vibration will be generated from big construction equipment (bulldozer, concrete mixer, truck...). It is also caused by demolishing underground works. The types of noise sources would be as follows:

- Noise from area source: generated primarily from transportation vehicle fleets and would be triggered along transporation routes within about 8km. In comparison with national standard on allowable noise level in residential area, noise from transporation vehicle is rather high (68dBA). However, this impact is uncontinuous and short-term.

- Noise from point source: generated from fixed equipment or operating within narrow area. At the site, equipment and machines such as bulldozer, pile driver, concrete mixer etc. would cause noise impacts with magnitude higher than that from area source, because noise is generated throughout the construction stage. The highest noise of up to 73 dBA would come from buldozers, within radius of 10m.

High noise level would affect directly health of workers that are operating equipment or working at the site as well as people living within 10m around the site. People living farther than 10m would be less affected. The impacts of noise and vibration would be higher in case many equipment operate concurrently.

Pile driving for strenthening embankment foundation would generate high vibration level. As most of the existing houses along the river are of grade 4, the impacts of vibration in long time on their structures would be significant if necessary measures are not applied.

d. Domestic wastes generated during construction

Pollution sources

Domestic wastes which are generated during construction process include wastewater and solid waste by workers at the site. The number of workers at construction site is some 200, wastewater standard is 50l/ capita-day in case workers take bath and wash their clothes on-site, thus the total amount of generated domestic wastewater is 10 m3/ day. Volume of BOD is about 9kg/ day (45g BOD/ capita-day).

Estimated volume of solid waste from 200 workers is some 100kg/day in case of on-site cooking (average waste is 0.5kg/person-day).

Impact assessment

The average wastewater load of about 10m3/day and the value of BOD5 and SS are rather high. Therefore, it will be pollution source for the Phu Loc river in case of direct discharge to it without any treatment.



Volume of daily domestic waste from workers is not high (some 100kg/day). However, if it is not collected and treated, the pollution situation will be more serious and will create spread mosquito vector as well as diseases to affect health of workers and habitants in surrounding areas.

e. Leakage of residual oil and grease

Pollution sources

In construction process, residual oil shall be generated from preparation or equipment maintenance process. According to technical document, the average amount of grease to be changed from each construction machine is some 7l at each change, which needs to be done every 3-6 months. If the quantity of vehicles and other machinery is 20, the volume of arising residual oil and grease will be some 140l/month.

Impact assessment

Definable residual oil and grease may be harmful waste (code: A3020, Basel: Y8). Impact of residual oil and grease will happen in case of leakage in store, overflow water together with oil from construction equipment. If there are no strict methods to control their collection and removal, whenever they permeate through the soil or get into the Phu Loc river, the water and ground environment will be polluted.

f. Run-off water Pollution sourcesRun-off water would be generated from rain water at construction areas and sewer trenchs, from wastewater overflow due to drainage interupption, in process of water spraying or vehicle cleaning. It has high content of suspended solid and turbidity because of soil during construction, of which the most considerable pollution source is rain water overflow. Volume of run-off water depends on rain intensity, rainning duration and open construction area. Impact assessement

- If rain water overflow together with gravelly soil is discharged directly to the Phu Loc river without pre-treatment, concentration of suspended subtance and turbidity level will increase. If it flows to sewage system of the city, it will deposit sediment in chambers. Besides, endosmosis of rain water to ground in construction area (as holes, wastewater pumping station) could generate pollution for groundwater in neighboring areas.

- In process of spraying road surface or vehicle cleaning, overflow water which has high SS content and maybe with leakage grease from equipments and machinery is an implicit pollution source for the Phu Loc river. However, this impact is predicted to be low and insignificant.

- The stopped/blocked flow during construction shall temporarily interrupt water discharge, causing overflows of domestic wastewater and partial flooding as well as pollution. The Phu Loc river is the main wastewater receiving location of the city, so the impact is significant during the construction of protective embankments. Dischargeable capacity of the river shall decrease during construction duration because the flow will be narrowed. In case of heavy rain with flood tide, both river banks there would be flooded.

g. Impacts to local traffic



It is anticipated that the increasing volume of vehicles due to the movement work is about 8 turns of vehicle per hour along the whole implementing route. The roads which are planned to be main routes for materials transporting are Nguyen Tat Thanh Street and Tran Cao Van/ Dung Sy Thanh Khe Street. The impact of the increasing volume of transportation and vehicles on Nguyen Tat Thanh street is inconsiderable as this street is large and the traffic density there is light. However, this kind of impact on Tran Cao Van / Dung Sy Thanh Khe road is significant since they are rather narrow with high traffic density. In addition, there are a number of civil houses as well as educational and training centers in the area.

During the implementation process, piles of soils and stones which have not been taken away, or the material gathering fields at the roadworks may cause negative impacts on the traffic and safety of local residents. Supposing the height of soil, stony piles or piles of stored raw materials is about 1.5 metre; for each cubic metre of stored material needed will be a piece of road of 0.5 metre length and 1.3 metre width. Material storage will not much affect the traffic during the construction of Phu Loc river embankment because the area for building the control lines along the two river banks can be used.

Conclusion: While constructing sewers and Phu Loc protective embankment, air environment shall be affected by dust and air emissions. It would affect health of workers and people living around the site. Residual oil and grease, run-off water, if not be collected and managed properly, are potential pollution sources for soil and surface water. Transportation would be affected if construction is not well scheduled. However, these impacts are predicted to be light, short, local and could be managed by appropriate mitigation measures.

Procedure upon Discovery:

- The contractor shall stop and suspend the works on and around the site where the discovery was made;

- The contractor shall then immediately report the discovery to the CMC, who will decide on requiring the Contractor to temporarily demarcate, limit access to, and secure the site;

- The CMC in his turn is responsible to report about those findings immediately to the DCI according to the Law on Cultural Heritages;

- Following a discovery and after securing the site the CMC should arrange with the Contractor to move the construction related activities to another site.

- The Contractor should then, at the request of the CMC, and within a period of one working day, make a Chance Find Report, which is to be submitted to the CMC for forwarding to the DCI, recording:

� Date and time of discovery; � Location of the discovery; � Description of the objects found; � Estimated weight and dimensions of the objects; � Temporary protection implemented.

- Only the representatives of DCI, who are requested to arrive at the discovery site within 24-48 hours, are competent to deal with the objects, to inspect the discovery and to advise on what action is to be taken. These actions should be taken within 7 days and may include, but not be limited to:



� Removal of the objects deemed to be of significance; � Execution of further excavation within a specified distance of the discovery point; � Extension or reduction of the area demarcated by the contractor.

- If the DCI representatives fail to arrive within the stipulated period, the CMC will have the authority to extend the period by two days;

- If the DCI representatives fail to arrive after the extension period, the CMC will have the authority to instruct the Contractor to remove the objects or undertake other mitigating measures and resume work. Such additional works can be charged to the contract. However, the contractor may not be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period.

- During this 7-day period, the DCI will be entitled to request the temporary suspension of the work at or in the vicinity of the discovery site for an additional period of up to, for example, 30 days. The contractor will not be entitled to claim compensation for work suspension during this period. However, the contractor will be entitled to establish an agreement with the PMU for additional services or resources during this further period under a separate contract.


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) Annex C - 1

ANNEX C

COMMUNITY CONSULTATION DOCUMENT



Minutes of first consultation on environment (Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project)

(Component A area) Group: Male Time: 5/7/2006 Location: Thanh Khe Dong Ward, Thanh Khe District

CONTENT OF CONSULTATION

A. Impacts and mitigation measures during construction

Impacts during construction of infrastructure as following - Impacts by dust and noise, magnitude of impacts is slight and in short

time, because construction method is mainly manual and construction duration is predicted within 1-2 weeks at each upgraded alley.

- Traffic would be affected during construction within 1-2 weeks at each upgraded alley.

- Installing water connection would temporarily interrupt water supply, however, this interruption might occur within a day.

- Constructing sewage would temporarily interrupt drainage of households within the site.

- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? Accepted Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? None

To mitigate impacts, the consultant proposed the following measures - Avoid constructing during rush hour - Not constructing at night and during break time - Watering road surface during construction - The contractors will apply measures for collection and temporary

drainage for households - Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None

B. Impacts and mitigation measures during operation

Impacts during operation of sewage system would be as following - Accumulated sludge in sewers would generate offensive odor, particularly during dry

season. However, these impacts occur mainly at opened manholes or wherever the slab covers are broken.

- Stagnant sludge in sewers would cause flooding in rain

Mitigation measures - The community regularly monitors/ observes condition of sewage system, report to local

authority/ URENCO to have repaired. - The community regularly dredge the sewage system Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures and be willing to join those activities? Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None




(Component A area) Group: Male Time: Location: Xuan Hoa A + Thanh Khe 1, Hoa Khe Ward, Thanh Khe District








- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? Accepted temporary impacts, everyone should sacrifice during construction Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? Affect to business (motorbike repairing shop, groceries store…), but people are willing to accept.


drainage for households - Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None




- Stagnant sludge in sewers would cause flooding in the rain.


authority/ URENCO to have repaired. - The community regularly dredge the sewage system Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures and be willing to join those activities?



Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? Clean the sewers carefully before covering


(Component A area) Group: Male Time: 3/7/2006 Location: Hai Chau 2 Ward, Hai Chau District


A. Impacts and mitigation meadures during construction Impacts during construction of infrastructure as following - Impacts by dust and noise, magnitude of impacts is slight and in short





- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? 100% accepted to overcome for construction Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? People accepted impacts for 1 or 2 weeks but not longer.


drainage for households - Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? - Apply safety measures during construction of road or sewers to avoid

accident, particularly at night. - Install lighting system before construction B. Impacts and mitigation measures during operation




Mitigation measures



- The community regularly monitors/ observes condition of sewage system, report to local authority/ URENCO to have repaired.

- The community regularly dredge the sewage system Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures and be willing to join those activities? 100% agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures?

- The URENCO shall regularly check and dredge sewage system. - The URENCO shall take prompt action upon receiving information from community

Minutes of first consultation on environment

(Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project) (Component A area)

Group: Male Time: 2/7/2006 Location: Nam D ng Ward, Hai Chau District CONTENT OF CONSULTATION







- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? 100% accepted to overcome for construction Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? The project shall construct timely, not extend performance time


drainage for households - Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? 100% Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? - Construction should be carried out in dry season, not in rainy season.








authority/ URENCO to have repaired. - The community regularly dredge the sewage system Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures and be willing to join those activities? 100% agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? - People hope the project will commence in 2007.


(Component A area) Group: poor female Time: 1/7/2006 Location: Nam D ng Ward, Hai Chau District CONTENT OF CONSULTATION







- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? Accepted impacts during construction in short time, but people did not accept to extend construction period. Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? The project shall not leave works undone.


drainage for households - Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? - The PMU shall commit with Ward and community unit to construct

timely and qualitative.



- Clarify responsibilities of each stakeholder, provide contact address of responsible agency, so people can report any issues arose.

B. Impacts and mitigation measures during operation Impacts during operation of sewage system would be as following - Accumulated sludge in sewers would generate offensive odor, particularly during dry




authority/ URENCO to have repaired. - The community regularly dredge the sewage system Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures and be willing to join those activities? Agreed and willing to take part voluntarily. Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures?

- Community agreed to undertake regular dredging of sewage system. Minutes of first consultation on environment

(Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Project) (Component A area)

Group: Female Time: 1/7/2006 Location: Thanh Khe Dong Ward, Thanh Khe District








- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? Accepted Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? None


drainage for households - Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? Agreed



Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None

B. Impacts and mitigation measures during operation Impacts during operation of sewage system would be as following - Accumulated sludge in sewers would generate offensive odor, particularly during dry




authority/ URENCO to have repaired. - The community regularly dredge the sewage system Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures and be willing to join those activities? Agreed. Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None


(Component A area) Group: Female Time: 3/7/2006 Location: Hai Chau 2 Ward, Hai Chau District

CONTENT OF CONSULTATION A. Impacts and mitigation measures during construction Impacts during construction of infrastructure as following - Impacts by dust and noise, magnitude of impacts is slight and in short





- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? Accepted Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? None To mitigate impacts, the consultant proposed the following measures - Avoid constructing during rush hour - Not constructing at night and during break time - Watering road surface during construction - The contractors will apply measures for collection and temporary

drainage for households - Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily



Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? - People did not agreed with the first two measures, because (i) it is not necessary to avoid

constructing during rush hour because construction should be carried out quickly, and (ii) It would be better if construction is carried out at night, because people in this area have been accustomed to noise

- Agreed on the last three measures Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None B. Impacts and mitigation measures during operation Impacts during operation of sewage system would be as following - Accumulated sludge in sewers would generate offensive odor, particularly during dry


- Stagnant sludge in sewers would cause flooding in the rain. Mitigation measures - The community regularly monitors/ observes condition of sewage system, report to local

authority/ URENCO to have repaired. - The community regularly dredge the sewage system Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures and be willing to join those activities? Agreed and willing to take part in these activates Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None


(Component B area) Group: Poor male Time: Location: Thanh Khe Tay Ward, Thanh Khe District

CONTENT OF CONSULTATION A. Impacts and mitigation measures during construction






- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? Accepted Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? None To mitigate impacts, the consultant proposed the following measures - Avoid constructing during rush hour - Not constructing at night and during break time - Watering road surface during construction



- The contractors will apply measures for collection and temporary drainage for households

- Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? - Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None B. Impacts and mitigation measures during operation Impacts during operation of sewage system would be as following - Accumulated sludge in sewers would generate offensive odor, particularly during dry





(Component B area) Group: Poor male Time: Location: Thanh Khe Tay Ward, Thanh Khe District

CONTENT OF CONSULTATION A. Impacts and mitigation measures during construction Impacts during construction of infrastructure as following - Impacts by dust and noise, magnitude of impacts is slight and in short





- Partial flood in the rain. Q1. To contribute to the project, will you accept impacts during construction? Accepted Q2. Besides those impacts, do you have any additional suggestions for impacts during construction? None To mitigate impacts, the consultant proposed the following measures



- Avoid constructing during rush hour - Not constructing at night and during break time - Watering road surface during construction - The contractors will apply measures for collection and temporary

drainage for households - Collecting and disposing construction debris and spilled material daily Q1. Do you agree to proposed mitigation measures? - Agreed Q2. Do you have any additional suggestions for needed mitigation measures? None B. Impacts and mitigation measures during operation Impacts during operation of sewage system would be as following - Accumulated sludge in sewers would generate offensive odor, particularly during dry






PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF HOA MINH WARD

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom – Happiness

No.: 16/BGY- TM Re.: suggestions for EIA report of PIIP

Danang, 10 July, 2007

To: PMU of Priority Infrastructure Investment Projects

Recently, People’s Committee of Hoa Minh Ward received the Letter No. 283/CV-BQL dated 25/6/2007 from the PMU of Priority infrastructure investment projects on suggestions for environmental impacts and mitigation measures of PIIP. Corresponding to this letter, we would like to have some suggestions as following:

1. For existing environmental condition of project areas

Agreed on description in the report.

Additional suggestions: it is difficult to access the city’s water supply network in this area. The Water Supply Company has not invested in this area due to shortage of budget.

2. For mitigation measures during construction:

Basically, we agreed on impacts identified in the report. Those impacts are unavoidable during construction. However, it is necessary to mitigate them as much as possible.

Additional measures:

- Constructing quickly, avoid extending construction period. - Drainage systems of this area should connect to the drainage system of North West

urban area, specifically to the one at the existing road with 10.5m width.

3. During operation phase

Agreed on impacts and mitigation measures proposed in the report.

The above are suggestions of Hoa Minh’s PC. Besides, during construction phase, the PMU shall implement mitigation measures as proposed in the report

To: - As above - Filed

On behalf of People’s Committee Vice-president

Pham Thong (signed and sealed)





RESULT OF THE SECOND ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY CONSULTATION

1. Chau Thanh low income areaLocation: Meeting hall of Nam Duong ward Time: 19 pm 12th, June, 2007 Participant: - Mr. Nguyen Van Sanh – Deputy Chairman of Nam Duong ward PC - Hai Chau

District. - Representatives of 18 households in project area. Content of consultation:

a) There are some additional suggestion about existing environmental conditions as below:

- The weakness sewage and drainage system has caused flooding in many areas, including:

+ C3 sewer in Nguyen Van Linh is flooded and blocked, thus waste water couldn’t discharge and it smells.

+ Road is flooded whenever it rains, especially at the depth 1m (at lane 82). + The middle area of Nam Duong market has low terrain so that waste and waste water

are stagnant. Therefore, the surrounding residential area is seriously polluted. - Noise, vibration and smell from small factories such as Paper Factory, Ice Factory .etc.

b) Environmental impacts and mitigation measures during construction and operation phase:

- Most of households accepted impacts and mitigation measures during construction and operation phase. However, there were 3 households (3/18) living in Ong Ich Khiem road did not accept because they thought that existing infrastructure has been good and upgrading has been not necessary. They did not accept the impacts to their business during construction phase.

- Construction period shall be predetermined and item construction shall be comprehensive.

- Construction waste shall be collected and transported quickly out off residential areas. 2. Hoa Minh - Hoa Khanh RALocation: Hoa Phu 3 Palace of culture Time: 8 am 10th, June, 2007 Participant: - Mr. Nguyen Van Ngoc – Chairman of Hoa Minh ward PC - Mr. Pham Thang - Deputy chairman of Hoa Minh ward PC - Mr. Truong Quang Dung- Chief of Hoa Minh ward PC - Mr. Thanh – Representative for PMU - Representatives of 48 households in project area. Content of consultation:


- Well water has been polluted for a long time, so it is only used for bath and washing. Habitants have to buy clean water for drinking and cooking.

- Waste and waste water has been flooded surrounding area students living, particularly smell of piss.

- Air pollution generated by dust. b) Environmental impacts and mitigation measures during construction and operation

phase: - 100% of household accept and take part in overcoming impacts during construction

and operation phase willingly.



- Infrastructure shall be completed before habitants move to new resettlement. - Mitigation measures shall be carried out opportunely.

3. Hoa Hai RALocation: Hoa Hai ward Time: 9am 11th, June, 2007 Representatives of 10 households in Luu Quang Vu and Tran Dai Nghia road (access to project area) Content of consultation:


- Water quality in this area is good. - There are many works has been constructing surrounding this area so that dust

pollution is quite serious. Besides, level of noise and vibration is considerable (sometimes, it seems to be earthquake).


- 100% of households accept the impacts during construction and operation phase in order to have a better environment.

- Some suggestions to decrease spilled materials are as follow: + Speed of material trucks shall be in acceptance limit. Fast trucks are not only making

materials to be pilled on the streets but also cutting the electric and telephone line system of this area.

+ Speed warning sign should be installed in T-junction Tran Dai Nghia and Luu Quang Vu road.

+ Material trucks should run alternately to avoid traffic jam. + It is not recommended to transport materials through Luu Quang Vu road because it is

narrow and is not the road for high load trucks. Besides, too many trucks run so fast in this road could cause traffic safety decrease.

+ Proposed mitigation measures shall be carried out strictly.

4. Phu Loc river area (Thanh Khe Tay and a part of Thanh Khe Dong ward) Location: Meeting hall of Thanh Khe Tay ward Time: 2 pm 13th, June, 2007 Participant: - Ms. Le Thi Mai - Deputy chairman of Thanh Khe Tay ward PC - Mr. Nguyen Song Hy- Representative of Ward Fatherland Front - Ms. Dang Thuc Anh – Representative of Danang Deparment of Natural Resource and

Environment - Mr Thanh – Representative of PMU - Mr. Duc - Representative of PMU - Representatives of 12 households, university and factories in project area. Content of consultation:


- Smell from Phu Loc river is not bearable. - The water river is polluted that it causes efflorescence. - Thai Ne waste water channel which runs to Phu Loc river contributes to the pollution

pf Phu Loc river. b) Environmental impacts and mitigation measures during construction and operation

phase:



- 100% of households accept the impacts during construction and operation phase in order to have a better environment.

- Fishermen who have boats berthing in Phu Loc outlet ready to find another berth by themselves. In case they could not, it is necessary to support the berth.

- A storage dam should be constructed with the distance about 300m from coast to avoid deposit in the outlet of Phu Loc river.

- Soil in the river bank is quite weak, so if the depth of dredging is 8m, the depth of protective embankment must be 12m in order to ensure safety.

- Construction quality shall be guaranteed in long term by the Contractor. - It is proposed to assist the affected people in their business during construction phase. - In case of impacts to house structure, compensation unit price shall be prepared before

implementation. - Proposed mitigation measures shall be carried out strictly. - In operation phase, it is necessary to have pollution preventing measures from source.

Waste water from channel shall be colleted and treated before discharging to the Phu Loc outlet.

5. Hoa Khe low income areaLocation: Hoa Khe ward Time: 11, 12th, June, 2007 Representatives of 42 households in project area Content of consultation:


- Most of households complaint about pollution situation by dust and waste whenever it rains.

- This area have not got sewage and drainage system as well as bad quality of roads, thus rain water runs off and flood ( in both rain and dry season).

- Water resource is polluted in this area: + People lives in the end of K 297 only use well water for bath or washing and they

have to buy clean water for drinking and cooking. It is said that ground water in this area is polluted by dioxin from air port (not official news).

+ Alumni water - This area lack of green trees. - Vendors thrown away waste in the pavements at head of Thanh Khe market.


- 100% of households accept the impacts during construction and operation phase in order to have a better environment in case the construction period is not too long.

- Proposed mitigation measures shall be carried out strictly, especially sprinkling water on the streets.

- Construction shall be quick and in good order. - Supervision the Contractor in order to ensure construction quality and time. - Speed and loading capacity of material trucks shall be limit to avoid damage the roads. - Dredging sewers before constructing is necessary to decrease smell. - Safety methods such as fences, warning signs etc. - In case of splitting walls or sinking houses during construction shall be compensated

appropriately. - It is suggestion to support household connection cost. (Current cost is 800.000-

1.000.000 VND). - A time limit for setting work and constructing shall be announced for inhabitants.



6. Thanh Khe Dong RA (and Phu Loc river) Location: Thanh Khe Dong ward Time: 12th, June, 2007 Representatives of 24 households in project area Content of consultation:


- Ground water in this area is polluted because it is near Phu Loc river. - Alumni water (group 30)


- 100%of households accept the impacts during construction and operation phase for a better environment and hope that the project will be implemented as soon as possible.

- It is needed to prepare plan in case of landslide or impacts to house structure. - Contractor shall prepare plan of electric and water supply support. - Construction due to time and quality. - After construction, the contractor shall clean the site for habitants living. - If any other impacts of people living arise, it shall be announced to local authorities

and habitants. - The contractor is responsible for later impacts.


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) Annex D - 1

ANNEX D

COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN



CEMP FOR XUAN HOA A AND THANH KHE 1 LIA, HOA KHE WARD

1. General information The LIA has area of 35ha with population of 6,895 and 1,400 households. The LIA borders with the road 5.5m width, which is parallel with Dien Bien Phu road. The Northeast is the K817 road, the north borders with Nguyen Nghiem road, the southeast is Ha Huy Tap road (within Dieu Tiet Lake area) and fence of Danag Airport. The West and southwest borders with Huyn Ngoc Hue road, Alley H50 – Huynh Ngoc Hue road, Alleyway 297 – Dien Bien Phu road to the fence of Danang Airport.

2. Existing Environmental condition There are about 77% of road has cement surface, width of alleyway is varied from 1 to 1.6m, while the width of main roads varies from 3.2 to 6.5m. Electricity is quite equal among alleys. The drainage system is the combined system, which is drain for both wastewater and rain water. Sewage in the Thanh Khe 1 area connect to the city drain in Huynh Ngoc Hue road, a part of this area flows to drain at Dien Bien Phu road in the north and Pham Nhu Tang road in the east. Xuan Hoa A area do not have drainage system, the alley H149 is sunken are and usually flooded in rain. About 20% people in Xuan Hoa area supplied clean water, while this number in Thanh Khe area is about 70%. The main problem in this area is ground water has been contaminated by carbon dioxide, this is a risk to health of people here. Most of household in this area have solid waste collected by URENCO. Summary of existing environmental condition as in the table below.

Issues Parameter Remarks

1. Water supply - From city’s network - 44.6% HH use clean water

for daily activities, 53.8% use drilled/ shallow well and 1.5% use water from other sources - water quality meets standard

- Ground water - as testing results, ground water at Xuan Hoa is odorless, stateless, other parameter below standard - ground water at Thanh Khe has high coliform, indicated that it has contaminated by bacteria Ground water at area near the airport contaminated by alum and dioxide

2. Drainage and sanitation - 89,4% of HHs have sanitation equipment (basin, bathroom inside house), but only 24,2% connect to septic tank, 27,3% connect to main sewers, the remaining discharge outside or penetrate into ground;

- 100% HH connects to common sewer

- sewers degraded - some areas do not have drainage sewers, lead to flooding whenever raining



3. Flood - flooding alley H149, Xuan Hoa A (section from T190 to T174) ; - flooding time: 0.5 – 2.5 days - flooding height: 0.3 – 0.5m;

- this is a sunken area - there is no drainage sewers

4. Solid waste collection - 96,1% collected by URENCO, 1,5% throw garbage to public dumpsite or to river, sea, bury or incinerate

5. Air condition/ noise - noise : 62-65dBA; below standard - TSP: 7,48mg/m3 at Xuan Hoa, 25 times higher than standard at Xuan Hoa, and 11,69mg/m3 at Thanh Khe 1, 39 times higher than standard - odor from litter, particularly in raining

- from vehicles and small industrial enterprises - due to flooding and dust at soil road

3. Environmental impacts and mitigation measures

The proposed upgrading items are road system, lighting system, drainage system and water supply. The main environmental impacts and mitigation measures are presented in following table. The major impacts during construction and operation phase in the Thanh Khe 1 & Xuan Hoa A LIA are construction of extension Ha Huy Tap road, together with primary drains along the road.

Environmental issues Mitigation measures Construction phase - Increased dust levels due to earth work excavation and construction activities

Applied ECOP, including; - Immediate shifting of excavated soil - Frequent spraying water on excavated soil and the site surface - Cover transportation vehicles to avoid dust, soil and material scattered during transportation - Clean vehicles before going out of the site

- Increased noise and air emission from transportation vehicles and construction equipment

Applied ECOP, including; - Regular maintenance of equipment and vehicles - Provision of Personal Protective equipment, ear muffs, etc. to workers - Avoiding construction activities during nights - All vehicles and machinery shall have register of quality - Not to let equipment operate unloaded

- Smell during sludge dredging

Applied ECOP, including; - Left manhole cover opened for a while before dredging - Provision of Personal Protective equipment to workers - Avoid to contact in long time

- Possible leakage sludge on transportation route Applied ECOP, including; - Used tank truck for transportation - Disposed dredged sludge at city’s disposal site

- Generated domestic waste by workers Applied ECOP, including; - Arrange with community - Contract with URENCO to collect solid waste daily

- Temporary disruption of drainage system Applied ECOP, including;



- Schedule construction activities with the Drainage Company (DC) - Inform construction schedule to Ward’s PC and community in advance - Provision of sewers or pump to drain out wastewater

- Temporary flooding during rain Applied ECOP, including; - Provision of sewers or pump to drain out

- Temporary disruption of Utilities such as electricity, telephone, TV cable…

Applied ECOP, including; - Schedule construction activities in consultation with the other utility agencies - Inform construction schedule to Ward’s PC and community in advance

- Temporary storage of materials and excavated soil causing obstacle to public and traffic

Applied ECOP, including; - Divert and regulate traffic in consultation with authorizers and community in advance - While planning alternate route care should be taken to minimize impact at sensitive locations such as school or market, etc. - Signals and signs of diversion should be provided

- Temporary disturbance to small businesses Applied ECOP, including; - Inform construction schedule to Ward’s PC and community

- Damage to road surface/ other utilities Applied ECOP, including; - Construct synchronically with roads/ alleys and other utilities (if any) - Reinstatement of road surface and other utilities in earliest time

- Risk of accidents Applied ECOP, including; - Provision of emergency aid service insitu - Raise barriers/ fence and dangerous warning signs - Limit speed of vehicles within the site - Avoid transportation during rush hours - Provision of temporary crossing across the sewer trenchs wherever necessary - During night sufficient light are provided for illumination

Operation phase Increased run-off water Applied ECOP, including;

- Regular dredging sewers to avoid stagnation Damage to roads/ alleys surface Applied ECOP, including;

- Not to discharge water to roads/ alleys - Not to cut off roads/ alleys surface, at least 2 years after surfacing of the roads/ alleys - Forbid vehicles that are heavier than design load to access

- Stagnation of sewage, odor problem Applied ECOP, including; - Regularly check condition of drainage system - Not to dispose solid waste to sewers - Regularly dredge sewers to avoid stagnation



- Possible leakage on transportation route Applied ECOP, including; - Used tank truck for transportation - Disposed dredged sludge at city’s disposal site

- Impact to ground water due to leakage of sewers and manholes

Applied ECOP, including; - Regular check condition of sewers and manholes - Leaks should be identified and rectified upon discovered

Note: - The extended Ha Huy Tap, K297 (H78 to airport), H78, K83 would be the most impacted area due to construction of 4 items.



- the alleys T76-T83-T92, T7-T6-T14-T94, T21-T25-T113-T112 are impacted slighter, because only drainage and lighting line will be constructed 4. Plan of monitoring and supervision of residential environment To minimize negative impacts of the project activities to environment, besides applying proper construction method, community will take part in monitoring and supervision of environment as follows; During construction phase

Activities Parameter Frequency Method Responsibilities Reporting Dust Daily Observe Community

Monitoring Unit (CSB)

Contractors/ PMU

Noise At night Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU

Alleys upgrading

Traffic obstacle Daily Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU

Soil excavation Daily Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU

Dust Daily Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU


Temporary stagnancy

Daily Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU

Cover of manhole Daily Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU

Drainage system


Public lighting Electric safety Daily Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU

Water household connection

Excavated soil, dust noise


Worker activities Wastewater, solid waste


Overall supervision of upgrading items

Measure air parameter

In case of accident or complain

Sample, analyze

Independent safeguard monitoring consultant (ISMC)

PMU/ DONRE/ WB

During operation phase

Activities Parameter Frequency Method Responsibilities Reporting Encroach common alleys

Daily Observe Community Local authorities

Run-off water In raining Observe Community Local authorities

Alley system

Solid waste Daily Observe Community Local authorities

Drainage/ sewage Drainage capacity Weekly Observe Community Local

authorities



Flooding areas In raining Observe Community Local authorities

Flooding height In raining Observe Community Local authorities

Flood frequency In raining Observe Community Local authorities

system

Sludge dredging Every 6 months

Check Community Local authorities

Water supply system

Water quality Daily Observe Household Local authorities

Water pressure Daily Observe Household Local authorities

Odor from manhole

Daily Observe Household Local authorities

TSP Every 6 months

Measure EC Utilities/ DONRE/ WB

Noise Every 6 months


Air quality Alley system

Encroach common alleys


During monitoring and supervision of environment in construction phase, if CSB and household discover unusual issue, one should report immediately to ISMC. The ISMC shall inspect, measure, then propose troubleshooting measures.



CEMP FOR THANH KHE 5 LIA, THANH KHE DONG WARD

1. General information The area of this LIA is about 10ha, population is 2,770 with 517 households. This area borders with Nguyen Tat Thanh road in the north, alleyway in the east, PHu Loc river in the west and Tran Cao Van road in the south. 2. Existing environmental condition Almost roads in the area (about 91%) has cement surface, width of alleyway is varied from 1 to 5m. Electricity is very poor, almost no lighting system. The drainage system is the combined system, which is drain for both wastewater and rain water. The drainage system flows to 2 direction, some part flows to Nguyen Tat Thanh road, the remaining are flows to Phu Loc river. About 23% people in the area supplied clean water, the other using ground water for daily activites. Most of household in this area have solid waste collected by URENCO. Summary of existing environmental condition presented in the table below.

Issues Parameter Remarks 1. Water supply - From city’s network - water quality meets standard - Ground water - as testing results, ground

water is sickly, other parameter are below standard - ground water contaminated by alum (at 30 to area) - ground water near Phu Loc river is contaminated

Ground water quality does not meet standard, however 87.5% HH are using this resources for daily activities

2. Drainage and sanitation - 50% of HHs have sanitation equipment (basin, bathroom inside house), in which 60%HH connect to main city’s sewers, 20% HH connect to common sewers, 20% HH penetrate into ground; 10% HH: other method

3. Flood - area between EC road and alley 81 Flooding height: 0.5 -0.7m

This is a sunken area

4. Solid waste collection - 100% collected by URENCO;

5. Air condition/ noise - noise: 55-67dB, below standard; - TSP: 7,2 mg/m3, 24 times higher than standard

from vehicles and small industrial enterprises

3. Environmental issues and mitigation measures The proposed upgrading items are roads, drainage sewers, public lighting system, water supply system and play ground.



During operation, new drains in the Thanh Khe 5 will discharge to Phu Loc river, however, there is wastewater collecting interceptor along Phu Loc river. Hence discharging drainage from the area will not affect to Phu Loc water quality Summary of potential impacts and mitigation measures are presented in the following table.






- Temporary disruption of drainage system Applied ECOP, including; - Schedule construction activities with the Drainage Company (DC) - Inform construction schedule to Ward’s PC and community in advance - Provision of sewers or pump to drain out wastewater








- Risk of accidents Applied ECOP, including; - Provision of emergency aid service insitu - Raise barriers/ fence and dangerous warning signs - Limit speed of vehicles within the site - Avoid transportation during rush hours - Provision of temporary crossing across the sewer trenchs wherever necessary - During night sufficient light are provided for illumination

Operation phase



Increased run-off water Applied ECOP, including; - Regular dredging sewers to avoid stagnation

Damage to roads/ alleys surface Applied ECOP, including; - Not to discharge water to roads/ alleys - Not to cut off roads/ alleys surface, at least 2 years after surfacing of the roads/ alleys - Forbid vehicles that are heavier than design load to access







- Increased domestic waste from recreation activities in Playground

- Provide mobile toilet at the site and clean it daily - Provide dust bin at the site and contract with URENCO to collect solid waste daily

Note:- K814, K814/41, K814/93, soil road T1-T2, T4-T5 would be most impacted due to upgrading of all 4 items. - T2-T6-T3, T6-T8-T10-T9, T9-T15-T1-T16-T20-T22-T23, T41-T42-T43, T42-T43-T53 would be less impacted, because only lighting line will be upgraded. 4. Plan of monitoring and supervision of residential environment To minimize negative impacts of the project activities to environment, besides applying proper construction method, community will take part in monitoring and supervision of environment as follows; During construction phase

Activities Parameter Frequency Method Responsibilities Dust Daily Observe CSB Noise At night Observe CSB

Alleys upgrading

Traffic obstacle Daily Observe CSB Soil excavation Daily Observe CSB Dust Daily Observe CSB Noise At night Observe CSB Temporary stagnancy

Daily Observe CSB

Cover of manhole Daily Observe CSB

Drainage system

Soil excavation Daily Observe CSB Public lighting Electric safety Daily Observe CSB Water household connection


Daily Observe CSB


Daily Observe CSB






Sample, analyze (ISMC)




Alley system



Drainage capacity Weekly Observe Community Local authorities




Drainage/ sewage system




Water supply system


Odor from manhole


TSP Every 6 months

Measure EC utilities/ DONRE/ WB


Measure EC utilities / DONRE/ WB

Air quality




Playground


During monitoring and supervision of environment in construction phase, if CSB and household discover unusual issue, one should report immediately to ISMC. The ISMC shall inspect, measure, then propose troubleshooting measures.



CEMP FOR CHAU THANH LIA, NAM DUONG WARD

1. General information The area of this LIA is about 4.3ha, population is 1,763 with 382 households. This area borders with alley next to Hai Chau 2 ward in the north, Ong Ich Khiem road in the east, alley K82 in the west and Nguyen Van Linh road in the south. 2. Existing environmental condition Almost roads in the area (about 97%) has cement surface, width of alleyway is varied from 1 to 3.5m. Electricity is very poor, almost no lighting system. The drainage system is the combined system, which is drain for both wastewater and rain water. Almost of alleys have drain already and in good condition. The drainage system flows to 2 directions, some part flows to Thac Gian Lake, the remaining are flows to Ong Ich Khiem road. The C3 sewer area is usually flooded during rain. About 80% people in the area supplied clean water, the other using ground water for daily activities. Most of household in this area have solid waste collected by URENCO. Summary of existing environmental condition presented in the table below.

Issues Parameter Remarks 1. Water supply - From city’s network - 56,7% HH uses clean water

for daily activities, 43,3% HH uses water from drilled/ shallow well - water quality meets standard

- Ground water - water quality is rather good - ground water is odorless, tasteless, other parameter below standard

Ground water meets requirements for drinking supply

2. Drainage and sanitation - 88,3% of HHs have sanitation equipment (basin, bathroom inside house), in which only 6,7% HH connect to septic tanks, the remaining connect to main city’s sewers, 100% HH connect to common sewers

- the drainage system has degraded seriously

3. Flood - flood at C3 sewer area ; - flooding time: 1-2h; - flooding height: 0.5-1m;

- there is no drainage sewer or sewers was stagnant - 11,7% because house level is lower than alley level

4. Solid waste collection - 100% collected by URENCO

5. Air condition/ noise - noise: 59-84dB; - TSP: in particulate case, TSP content up to 49,2 mg/m3, 160 times higher than standard

- due to high traffic density; - this area has polluted by dust, the most polluted area is Ong Ich Khiem and Nguyen Hoang roads

3. Environmental issues and mitigation measures



The proposed upgrading items are road system, lighting system, drainage system, water supply and Ma Voi market. One of the main positive of upgrading items for the Chau Thanh LIA is replacing the existing C3 sewer, which is usually flooded and upgrading Ma Voi market. During operation phase, a part of drainage from the area will discharge to Thac Gian Lake, it would increase water flows into the lake, but not cause adverse affect to the lake, because there is a wastewater collection pipeline around the Lake already. Possible impacts and mitigation measures are as follow














- Risk of accidents Applied ECOP, including; - Provision of emergency aid service insitu - Raise barriers/ fence and dangerous warning signs - Limit speed of vehicles within the site



- Avoid transportation during rush hours - Provision of temporary crossing across the sewer trenchs wherever necessary - During night sufficient light are provided for illumination










- Contamination by organic wastes from Ma Voi market

Applied ECOP, including; - Regular cleaning of facilities - Provision of hand washing and toilet - Contract with URENCO to collect solid waste daily

- Increased wastewater Applied ECOP, including; - Connection to sewerage system - Provision of septic tank

- Increased air pollution and smell Applied ECOP, including; - Ventilating shaft are located in such a way that not causing pollution to nearby houses - Regular cleaning of facilities

- Safety risk to neighborhood households due to fire Applied ECOP, including; - Provision of fire horse - Train staff of Market PMU and businessmen on firefighting

Note: - K586 Ong Ich Khiem (T1-T17) and K82 Nguyen Van Linh (T17,T18) would be the most affected area due to upgrading of all 4 items. - K44 Nguyen Van Linh, sewer C3, K82 Nguyen Van Linh would be affected during upgrading of sewer; - T29-T34, T27-T42, T36-T41 would be least affected because only lighting line will be upgraded

4. Plan of monitoring and supervision of residential environment

To minimize negative impacts of the project activities to environment, besides applying proper construction method, community will take part in monitoring and supervision of environment as follows; During construction phase



Activities Parameter Frequency Method Responsibilities Dust Daily Observe CSB Noise At night Observe CSB

Alleys upgrading

Traffic obstacle Daily Observe CSB Soil excavation Daily Observe CSB Dust Daily Observe CSB Noise At night Observe CSB Temporary stagnancy

Daily Observe CSB

Cover of manhole Daily Observe CSB

Drainage system

Soil excavation Daily Observe CSB Public lighting Electric safety Daily Observe CSB Water household connection


Daily Observe CSB


Daily Observe CSB




Sample, analyze (ISMC)




Alley system








Sludge dredging Every 6 months Check Community Local authorities


Water supply system


Odor from manhole


TSP Every 6 months Measure EC Utilities/ DONRE/ WB

Noise Every 6 months Measure EC Utilities/ DONRE/ WB

Air quality Alley system





Ma Voi market Water quality Daily Observe Household Local authorities



During monitoring and supervision of environment, if CSB and household discover unusual issue, one should report immediately to ISMC. The ISMC shall inspect, measure, and then propose troubleshooting measures.

CEMP FOR TRUNG TAM LIA, HAI CHAU 2 WARD, HAI CHAU DISTRICT



1. General Information The area of this LIA is about 2.19ha, population is 2,240 with 339 households. This area borders with Hung Vuonh road in the north, Trieu Nu Vuong road in the east, Ong Ich Khiem road in the west and Doan Thi Diem road in the south. 2. Existing Environmental condition Almost roads in the area has cement surface, width of alleyway is varied from 0.5 to 2.5m. There is no lighting system. The drainage system is the combined system, which is drain for both wastewater and rain water. All alleys have drain already and in good condition. The drainage system flows to 2 directions, some part flows to Pham Ngu Lao or Trieu Nu Vuong road. About 82% people in the area supplied clean water, the other using ground water for daily activities. Most of household in this area have solid waste collected by URENCO. Summary of existing environmental condition presented in the table below.

Issues Parameter Remarks

1. Water supply - From city’s network Clean water : 82,2%

Drilled/ shallow wells: 7,1% Other sources: 10,7%

- Ground water Contaminated Although almost wastewater connected to sewers, which are degraded, so wastewater penetrate into ground

2. Drainage and sanitation - Length of drainage sewers: 698m, 95% of alleys have tertiary drainage system. - 70% of HHs have sanitation equipment (basin, bathroom inside house), but only 26,7% connect to septic tank, 26,7% connect to main sewers, the remaining discharge outside or penetrate into ground; Connect to main sewers: 82,2% Penetrate into ground: 9,2% Other: 8,5% Septic and semi-septic tank: 86,7% 2 tanks latrine with cover: 10% No latrine (use public toilet, discharge to sewers, throw to garbage): 3,3%

- Existing drainage system has degraded seriously. - some main sewers (Pham Ngu Lao sewer) is small, drainage capacity is low

3. Flood This area is in high area and has not flooded

4. Solid waste collection Collected by URENCO: 76.7% Other method of disposal: 23.3%

5. Air condition/ noise Air environment has highly polluted Noise level is high

- Due to high traffic density and impacts from small industrial enterprises



3. Impacts to environment and mitigation measures The proposed upgrading items are roads, tertiary drainage system, water supply system, public lighting. The construction quantity in the Trung Tam LIA is small, thus there is no remarkable impacts. The following table summarized environmental issues and mitigation measures.







- Possible leakage sludge on transportation route Applied ECOP, including; - Used tank truck for transportation - Disposed dredged sludge at city’s disposal site









- Damage to road surface/ other utilities Applied ECOP, including; - Construct synchronically with roads/ alleys and other utilities (if any) - Reinstatement of road surface and other utilities in earliest



time - Risk of accidents Applied ECOP, including;

- Provision of emergency aid service insitu - Raise barriers/ fence and dangerous warning signs - Limit speed of vehicles within the site - Avoid transportation during rush hours - Provision of temporary crossing across the sewer trenchs wherever necessary - During night sufficient light are provided for illumination










4. Plan of monitoring and supervision of residential environment

To minimize negative impacts of the project activities to environment, besides applying proper construction method, community will take part in monitoring and supervision of environment as follows; During construction phase:

Activities Parameter Frequency Method Responsibilities Reporting Dust Daily Observe CSB Contractors/

PMU Noise At night Observe CSB Contractors/

PMU

Upgrading alleys K14 Trieu Nu Vuong road, K2 Pham Ngu Lao, extended Doan Thi Diem road

Traffic obstacle



Dust Daily Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU


Temporary stagnancy


Upgrading alley drainage sewers and connect to main sewers

Cover of manhole




Public lighting Electric safety Daily Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU

Sludge collection

Every 2 days

Observe CSB Contractors/ PMU

Transportation Every 2 days


Workers Every 2 days


Sludge dredging from existing sewers before upgrading

Workers Every 2 days

Check URENCO/ contractors

Contractors/ PMU

Water household connection








Sample, analyze

(ISMC) PMU/ DONRE/ WB

During operation phase: Activities Parameter Frequency Method Responsibilities Reporting




Alley system


Drainage capacity

Weekly Observe Community Local authorities








Water supply system


Odor from manhole


TSP Every 6 months


Air quality



During monitoring and supervision of environment, if CSB and household discover unusual issue, one should report immediately to ISMC. The ISMC shall inspect, measure, then propose troubleshooting measures.




Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) Annex E - 1

ANNEX E

LETTERS OF THE 29/3 TEXTILE COMPANY AND DANANG DONRE



29/3 TEXTILE COMPANY

SOCIALISH REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

Independence - Freedom - Happiness

No: 81 /CV-CT

Subject: committing to operate wastewater treatment system meeting environmental standards

Danang, October 13, 2007

To: Department of Natural Resource and Environment

For ensuring productive activities of the 29/3 textile company not to cause negative impacts to the environment, the company built wastewater treatment system with capacity of 750m3/day and night. This treatment system has been examined and supervised by Department of Natural Resource and Environment (DONRE). Analysis results of water quality after being treated was lower than permitted concentration of industrial sources/pollutants. From the above results, DONRE has allowed 29/3 Textile Company to put wastewater treatment system into operation officially at the Document no 312/TB-STNMT-QLMT dated April 19, 2007.

29/3 Textile Company has committed to cooperate with State management offices and specialized agencies about environmental protection for a good performance in control of wastewater conditions in the company’s area. Periodically, the company will invite the authorities of State offices to examine and analyze water samples after being treated twice every year. Analyzed and measured data about environmental quality will be recorded in the company.

29/3 TEXTILE COMPANYCEO

Receivers:

- As above; - Achieve. Signed and stamped

Pham Thi Xuan Nguyet



DANANG PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE DEPARTMENT OF

NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENT

SOCIALISH REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence - Freedom - Happiness

No: 982/STNMT-QLMT

Subject: wastewater management in Phu Loc river

Danang, October 15, 2007

To: Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Projects Management Unit

Department of Natural Resource and Environment (DONRE) received the Document no 472/CV-BQL dated October 08, 2007 from Danang Priority Infrastructure Investment Management Unit (Danang PIIP) on wastewater management in Phu Loc river mentioning serious heavy metal pollution in Phu Loc river due to waste discharge of 29/3 Textile Company. DONRE has some comments on this problem as follows:

1. 29/3 textile company has invested and completed a wastewater treatment system with capacity of 750m3/day and night by biological technology. On March 05, 2007, the 29/3 textile company had the Document no. 30/CV-CT reporting on completion of the wastewater treatment system. Results of wastewater quality monitoring after being continuously treated on April 4 and 5, 2007 was as follows: wastewater quality after being treated (including parameter of metal) was lower than standards stipulated at Decision no. 22/2006/QD-BTNMT dated December 18, 2006 of Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment on compulsion of application of environmental standards. DONRE had the Notice no. 312/TB-STNMT dated April 19, 2007 on allowing the 29/3 Textile Company to put wastewater treatment system into operation officially. According to examining results of June 15, 2007, wastewater quality after being treated was lower than the required standards.

2. 29/3 Textile Company committed that their wastewater treatment system would be operated in accordance with environmental standards at Document no 81/CV-CT on October 13, 2007. If treated wastewater did not meet environmental standards, the company would be punished according to current regulations.

The above things are DONRE’s comments on environmental protection of 29/3 Textile Company. /.



PP DIRECTOR VICE DIRECTOR

Receivers:

- As above; - DNPC; - Achieved.

Signed and stamped

Nguyen Dinh Anh



ANNEX F

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS


Social and Environmental Development Joint Stock Company (SECO) Annex F - 2

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION – EARTHWORKS

1. Scope 1.1 General

This Part of the Specification contains requirements that, where relevant to this Contract, shall apply to site clearance, general excavation, trench excavation, embankments, topsoiling, and landscaping.

1.2 Works in Roads

Where the construction is carried out within the limits of a ‘road’ or a path, the Contractor shall comply with the government and local authority regulations, and anything in these Specifications that conflicts with such provisions shall not apply.

1.3 Definitions

The following terms shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them: ‘Topsoil’ any surface material capable of supporting vegetation and suitable for

use in soiling areas to be grassed or cultivated. ‘Rock’ naturally-occurring material which, in the opinion of the Project

Manager, would normally have to be loosened either by blasting or by the use of pneumatic tools (other than clay spades) or by other rock quarrying methods or, if excavated by hand, by the use of wedges and sledge hammers. An isolated solid boulder or detached piece of rock shall qualify as rock only if it exceeds 1.0 m³ in volume.

‘Bulk Excavation’

excavation in open cut (excluding trench excavation) down to levels specified in the Drawings, or otherwise as being the general levels after completion of excavation, other than incidental excavation.

‘Trench Excavation’

excavation, to the levels and limits specified in the Drawings or otherwise, of trenches into which pipes and the like are to be laid.

‘Incidental Excavation’

excavation (generally in small quantities) below or outside the limits of bulk excavation and trench excavation, but excluding excess excavation.

‘Excess Excavation’

excavation outside the limits specified for bulk, trench or incidental excavation.

2. Reference Standards Materials and workmanship shall comply with the following Vietnamese Standards.

- TCVN-4447, 1987 Earthworks, Construction and Check Take-Over Standards. - TCXD-79, 1980 Construction and Check Take-Over for Foundation Works. - 14-TCN-2-85 Earth Structures, Rules for Execution by Compaction Method. - QPTL.1.72 Technical Standards for Construction of Embankment by

Compaction. - QPTL.D1.74 Technical Standards for Execution and Check Take-Over for Surface



Water Drainage and Groundwater Development Works. 3. Submissions by the Contractor

Submissions which the Contractor is required to make in relation to earthworks include, where relevant, the following:

Drawings and survey notes:

- Contractor’s record drawings of the ground level survey prior to the start of any earthworks; - information obtained from trial holes ordered by the Project Manager; - Contractor’s record drawings of any other level surveys taken for the purposes of

measurement of quantities of excavation or filling, such as Rock level surveys (survey record drawings as specified above shall be submitted within 7 days of the completion of the survey work recorded on them);

- survey notes on depths of Trench Excavation; - proposals to excavate with sloping faces without support.

Certificates: - laboratory tests; - field tests.

Details of proposed methods:

- proposed methods of excavation, transport of materials, filling and compaction; - proposed source of free-draining fill and methods of selective excavation or processing; - programme for quality control of earthworks and proposals for the use of off-Site

laboratories.

Samples: - materials proposed for filling and for geotextiles, where specified or where specifically

required by the Project Manager. 4. Materials

Fill material - general Excavated material (including material excavated from borrow pits), selected by the Contractor for use as backfilling to excavations, as filling around structures or as filling for embankments, shall be free from lumps and shall be approved by the Project Manager.

Should the material selected as filling, while acceptable at the time of selection, become unacceptable to the Project Manager for any reason including exposure to weather conditions, flooding, contamination by other materials or segregation during the progress of the Works, the Contractor shall at no extra cost to the Employer remove such damaged, softened or segregated material and replace it with fresh approved material.

Imported Topsoil Imported topsoil shall be provided by the Contractor from an approved source. The texture shall be ‘light’ or ‘medium’ and the soil reaction ‘slightly alkaline’ or ‘slightly acid to neutral’. The stone content shall not exceed 10% by dry weight and no stone shall exceed 50 mm in any dimension.

Geotextiles Geotextiles shall have the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the geotextile types and manufacture specified in Part 3 of this Specification, or equivalent types approved by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall provide evidence to the Project Manager, before the geotextile is incorporated in the Permanent Works, that the geotextile will be sufficiently durable to maintain its integrity for at least 15 years.



5. Workmanship

(a) General Levels to be recorded Before the surface of any part of the Site is disturbed or the Works thereon are begun, the Contractor shall take and record levels and dimensions of any such part. The Contractor shall also take and record such other levels and dimensions as are necessary during the progress of excavation to allow for accurate measurement of the different categories of excavation.

All levels and dimensions shall be taken in the presence of the Project Manager and recorded in the manner specified or as agreed with the Project Manager, and such levels when agreed with the Project Manager shall form the basis for measurement. Excess Excavation (backfilling) Excess excavation may normally be backfilled with material emanating there from, but where the Project Manager has ordered such material to be removed to designated disposal areas as being unsuitable, the Contractor shall make good the excess excavation with such kind of fill material or in such class of concrete as may be reasonably required by the Project Manager having regard to the circumstances.

Trial Holes The Project Manager may direct that trial holes shall be excavated in advance of other excavation to such dimensions and depths as he shall order to obtain information required by him.

Any further trial holes required by the Contractor to determine the position of underground services, sub-soil drains or for any other reason shall be excavated and reinstated at no extra cost to the Employer.

The Contractor shall arrange for the refilling and reinstatement of trial holes to be carried out immediately the required information is obtained. The reinstatement of the surfaces of trial holes shall be carried out to the approval of the Project Manager.

Excavations: Support and Working Space The Contractor shall provide effective support for the sides and ends of all excavations to prevent any fall or run from any portion of the ground outside the excavation and to prevent settlement or damage to structures adjacent to the excavation.

If, for any reason, any portion of the bottoms, sides or ends of any excavations shall give way the Contractor shall at no extra cost to the Employer take all necessary remedial measures including the excavation and removal of all the ground thereby disturbed both within and without the nominal limits of excavation and such extra excavations shall be held to be excess excavation.

Where the Contractor proposes to carry out excavations with sloping faces (other than sloping excavations shown on the Drawings or required as permanent features of the Works) and without shoring, excavated faces shall be to stable slopes and heights and the resulting extra excavation shall be held to be excess excavation. Full details of the Contractor’s proposals shall be submitted to the Project Manager for approval.

The Contractor shall be deemed to have made his own allowance for any working space or support required, and any excavation outside the specified or nominal payment limits which has not been ordered by the Project Manager, whether it be excavated to suit the Contractor’s method of working or unavoidable overbreak or due to his carelessness or error, shall be held to be excess excavation.



Fossils and Other Objects found in Excavations No requirement of the Specification regarding the disposal of material arising from Site clearance or excavation shall override any provision in the Conditions of Contract as to the discovery, or ownership, of fossils, coins, articles of value or antiquity, or anything of geological or archaeological interest found on the Site.

Inspection by the Project Manager When the specified levels or limits of any excavation are reached, the Project Manager will inspect the ground exposed and if he considers that any part of the ground is by its nature unsuitable he may direct the Contractor to excavate further. Such further excavation shall be refilled to the specified levels or limits with concrete, selected excavated material or selected imported material as directed but shall not be held to be excess excavation.

Should the material forming the bottom or side of any excavation, while acceptable to the Project Manager at the time of inspection, subsequently become unacceptable due to exposure to weather conditions or due to flooding or have become disturbed, soft or loose during the progress of the Works, the Contractor shall remove such damaged, softened or loosened material and excavate further to a sound surface. Such further excavation shall be held to be excess excavation and material emanating there from shall be removed from the Site.

(b) Site clearance Site clearance Subject to the general requirements of Part 1 of the Specifications, all areas of the Site specified or marked in the Drawings for clearance or from which material is to be excavated or upon which filling is to be deposited shall be cleared to the extent required by the Project Manager of all buildings, walls, gates, fences and other structures and obstructions and of all bushes, hedges, nipa, trees, stumps, roots and all other vegetation, but not trees marked for preservation. Material so cleared shall so far as suitable be reserved and stacked for the Employer’s use but shall otherwise be burnt to ash or disposed of off the Site as directed by the Project Manager.

Trees Subject to any authorisation by the relevant authority, where directed by the Project Manager, trees shall be uprooted or cut down as near to ground level as possible. Branches and foliage shall be removed and burnt to ash or disposed of off the Site. Useful timber shall, as between the Employer and the Contractor, be deemed to be the property of the Employer.

Stumps Stumps and roots whether existing or remaining after tree felling shall, where directed by the Project Manager be grubbed out and disposed of. The resulting hole shall be filled, where directed by the Project Manager, with approved material deposited and compacted in layers to the same dry density as the adjoining soil.

(c) Excavation (other than for pipe trenches) Excavation generally For the purposes of this sub-section, the term ‘Excavation’ shall include excavation, whether bulk or incidental, required for structures, roadworks and from required excavation. It shall not include excavation for pipe trenches and the like, except for miscellaneous isolated lengths of trenches beneath or adjacent to structures, such trenches being deemed to be incidental excavation.

The ground shall be excavated by such methods and to such dimensions and depths as shall allow for the proper construction of the Works.

Stripping of top surface



Where ordered by the Project Manager, or as may otherwise be required under this Specification, the top surface including topsoil if any shall be stripped, to such depths and over such areas as the Project Manager may direct, as a separate operation prior to any further excavation which may be required.

Trimming excavations When excavating to specified levels for the foundation of any structure or to specified limits for the face of any structures required to abut undisturbed ground the Contractor shall not finally complete the excavation until immediately before commencing the constructional work, except where the Project Manager shall permit otherwise.

Before commencement of any constructional work all disturbed and loose material shall be removed from the excavations so as to ensure that the work item rests on a sound and clean foundation or where appropriate abuts against undisturbed ground.

Disposition of excavated material within the Site Subject to any specific requirements of the Contract, the disposition of excavated material within the Site shall be at the Contractor’s discretion but shall be so arranged as to suit the overall requirements for the construction of the Works.

The Contractor shall ensure that no excavated material, which is suitable for and is required for reuse in the Works, is disposed of outside the Site, without the Project Manager’s approval.

Disposal areas within the Site Only material, which is approved by the Project Manager, shall be placed in the various designated disposal areas. No tree trunks, stumps, roots, branches or rubbish of any kind shall be placed in disposal areas.

Temporary spoil tips may be used to store excavated material, as required, and shall be arranged by the Contractor subject to the Project Manager's approval having regard to any particular requirements of the Contract. Temporary spoil tips shall be so shaped as to maintain stability and good drainage at all times. Topsoil stripped from the Site shall be stored in separate spoil tips for use in reinstatement or landscaping. The limits of designated disposal areas shall be as shown on the Drawings or as may be directed by the Project Manager for landscaping purposes. Designated disposal areas shall be finished to shapes as indicated on the Drawings or as directed by the Project Manager.

Disposal of unsuitable material Excavated material, which is not required for or is unsuitable for re-use in the Works or in designated disposal areas shall be disposed of off the Site as directed by the Project Manager either to locations to be found by the Contractor off Site (Contractor's tip), or to locations designated by the Project Manager (Project Manager's stockpile).

Material ordered to be disposed of to the Contractor's tip shall, as between the Employer and the Contractor, be deemed to be the property of the Contractor and he shall be entirely responsible for its removal from the Site and ultimate disposal.

Material ordered to be disposed of to the Project Manager's stockpile shall remain the property of the Employer and shall be transported and deposited at places designated by the Project Manager. Material so deposited shall be shaped up or spread and levelled as directed by the Project Manager.



Arrangements for the Contractor’s tip, where ordered by the Project Manager shall be such as not to create a nuisance or to interfere with, obstruct, endanger, or contaminate the Works or any existing property or sources of water; the completed tips shall harmonize with their surroundings. The Contractor's tipping arrangements shall comply with the regulations of any planning, health, or other duly constituted authority having an interest therein. If any of his tipping arrangements fails to comply with the foregoing, the Contractor, at no extra cost to the Employer, shall take such measures as the Project Manager may consider necessary in order to remedy the matter.

Restoration of borrow areas

Borrow areas shall be rehabilitated on completion of the Works. Sides shall be cut to stable slopes and the bottom of the borrow area shall be trimmed to a cross fall to permit drainage. The fall shall lead to a low point adjacent to the riverbank and drainage arrangements necessary to avoid the accumulation of acid water and its adverse affect on adjacent cultivated land shall be made by the Contractor to the approval of the Project Manager. The cost of rehabilitation shall be deemed to be included in the rates for filling contained in the Bill of Quantities.

The Contractor shall obtain the specific approval of the Project Manager for the condition of the borrow areas on completion, as a prerequisite to the issue of the Certification of Completion.

Backfilling of excavations For purposes of this sub-clause, the term ‘backfilling’ means replacing material into any part of the excavations which the Contractor has needed for working space and which is therefore deemed to be excess excavation. Backfilling shall be carried out using material emanating from the excavations and complying with specified requirements. The backfilling shall be properly compacted and where necessary the Contractor shall adjust the moisture content of the material either by drying out or by adding water. After such drying out or adding of water, the material shall be thoroughly mixed until the moisture content is uniform.

Filling to structures

Filling to structures means filling around or over completed structures (whether within excavations or not) using such material as may be specified, and to the limits shown in the Drawings. It does not include ‘backfilling’ as described in the preceding clause.

Where the Contract requires the placing of different types of fill material in separate layers or wedges the Contractor shall carry out the work so as to avoid mixing the different types of material. Should there be any mixing of materials, such mixed materials shall be removed from the Site and replaced with separate materials, all at no extra cost to the Employer.

Backfilling not to endanger structures The Contractor shall arrange the timing and rate of placing of backfilling or of filling to structures in such a way that no part of the Works is overstressed, weakened, damaged or endangered. The layers of material shall be so placed as to maintain adequate drainage and to prevent accumulation of water. In particular, the placing of material around the walls of basements, reservoirs and tanks shall commence only after the walls and floor have been completed and have attained their full specified strength. Material behind walls fixed at the top to the roof shall not be placed until the roof has been completed and, if made of concrete, has attained its full specified strength and had the temporary supports removed. The material shall be placed uniformly around the walls of structures in such a manner as to avoid eccentric or differential loads.

(d) Trench Excavation Trench excavation generally



Trench excavation means excavation of trenches into which pipes are to be laid and the term ‘pipes’ shall mean pipes of all kinds and for whatever purpose, and shall also include cables except where the context clearly renders this inapplicable.

The line and level of trenches shall be as shown in the Drawings or as may be directed by the Project Manager. Before commencing trench excavation, the route of the trench shall be set out accurately and the natural ground levels shall be recorded and agreed with the Project Manager. Strong sight rails shall then be fixed and maintained at each change of gradient and at as many intermediate points as may be necessary. On these rails shall be marked the centre line and the level to which the excavation is to be carried out, such rails being not more than 40 m apart.

Trench excavation shall be carried out by such methods and to such lines dimensions and depths as shall allow for the proper construction of the Works. Except where otherwise specified or approved, the types of temporary support, their design and the procedures for installing and withdrawing them shall comply with the requirements and recommendations of CIRIA Report 97.

The sides of trench excavation shall be vertical unless the Project Manager permits otherwise. Any widening or deepening of trench excavations necessary to accommodate curves, joints or bends in the pipe or to provide extra working space for the construction thereof shall be held to be excess excavation.

No length of trench excavation shall be started until the pipes to be laid in that length are available on the Site.

(e) Embankments Embankments generally The term ‘embankment’ includes, for example, the construction of embankments for roadworks and bunds or dykes for small lagoons. The forming of spoil tips and filling around or over completed structures are dealt with under ‘Excavation’.

Material for embankments GeneralExcept as otherwise defined in the Specification, the descriptions of soils and rocks shall be as stated in the relevant Vietnamese Standard.

Embankment fill materials - generalFill materials for the embankments shall be obtained from the required excavations for the sluice, diversion channel/canals and associated structures, selected and processed as may be necessary to conform to the specified requirements, or from other sources to be agreed with the Project Manager. All materials shall be to the approval of the Project Manager. Fill materials for embankments shall be free of wood and organic material and shall not contain any lumps which cannot be broken up during compaction or which are composed of material not conforming to the specified requirements. Should any material being placed, while acceptable at the time of selection, becomes unacceptable to the Project Manager due to exposure to weather conditions or due to flooding or has become puddled soft or segregated during the progress of the Works or have been mixed with material of a different type, the Contractor shall, at no extra cost to the Employer, remove such damaged, softened, segregated or mixed material and replace it with fresh approved material.



Wherever possible, excavated material approved as fill material for embankments shall be transported, placed in its final position in the Works and compacted without delay. Stockpiling of excavated material shall take place only when specifically approved by the Project Manager. In such a case, measures shall be taken to preserve fill material in a suitable moisture condition and keeping the top surface graded with sufficient crossfall to promote run-off and prevent water standing on the surface of the stockpile. Material shall not be left stockpiled in a loose condition such that it absorbs moisture or dries out, making it unsuitable for use as fill in embankments. Stockpiles shall not contain any material unsuitable for the intended use.

Construction of embankments All embankments shall be constructed in accordance with the Drawings with selected materials obtained from the excavations or from other sources approved by the Project Manager.

The approved materials shall be placed in layers, and shall be compacted all in accordance with the provision contained in Part 3 of this Specification. The layers of fill material shall be so placed as to maintain adequate drainage and to prevent accumulation of water.

Where the Contract requires the placing of different types of fill material in separate layers the Contractor shall carry out the work so as to avoid mixing the different types of material. Should there be any mixing of materials, such mixed materials shall be removed from the Site and replaced with separate materials, all at no extra cost to the Employer.

Unless otherwise directed by the Project Manager, fill materials placed in disposal areas need not be compacted.

Geotextiles Geotextiles shall be protected at all times against mechanical, chemical or environmental damage. Geotextiles susceptible to damage by light shall be stored under cover.

Laying of geotextiles Geotextiles shall be laid and lapped as specified or in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The layer of material on which the geotextile is to be placed shall not have protrusions or sharp projections, which are likely to damage the geotextile during installation or in service. The method of installation shall ensure that the geotextile is in continuous contact with the surface on which it is to be placed and the geotextile shall not be stretched or bridged over hollows or humps. Operation of construction plant directly on the installed geotextile will not be permitted. Care shall be taken in placing fill material to avoid damage to the geotextile.

(f) Topsoiling and grassing Topsoiling Parts of the Site as may be ordered by the Project Manager shall, as soon as practicable after the completion of other earthworks, be covered with topsoil and sown with grass, all as specified hereunder.

So far as is practicable, topsoil shall be obtained from material emanating from excavations and separately stored in temporary spoil tips, as specified. If in the Project Manager’s opinion the Contractor cannot reasonably obtain sufficient topsoil in this, way he may order the Contractor to provide extra material (‘imported topsoil’) from an approved source off the Site.

Topsoil shall be evenly spread and trimmed over embankments and other areas to the slopes and levels shown in the Drawings or ordered by the Project Manager. The depth after spreading and trimming shall be 250 mm unless otherwise directed, or shown on the Drawings, measured perpendicularly to the surface. All clods and lumps shall be broken up and any rubbish, large stones, roots and weeds shall be removed.



Grassing Where directed by the Project Manager, areas which have been covered with topsoil, or otherwise suitably prepared, shall be sown with grass seed using the mixture and application rate specified hereafter or, where not so specified, using a mixture and application rate proposed by the Contractor and approved by the Project Manager. The top surface of the previously laid topsoil shall be brought to a condition suitable for seeding, and sowing shall be carried out as soon as practicable after completion of topsoiling having regard to the season and to weather conditions. If ordered by the Project Manager, ground lime and fertiliser shall be applied in accordance with his directions, and valued as additional work. After the seed has been sown uniformly at the specified rate it shall be raked and lightly rolled into the surface. The young grass shall be kept free from weeds and any bare patches shall be re-seeded until an even close turf is established. The grass shall be cut as required and maintained in good condition until the expiry of the Defects Liability Period.

6. Testing

Testing by the Contractor The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out all field and laboratory tests required for the proper control of earthworks.

Laboratory tests shall be carried out at the Site or in an off-Site laboratory, approved by the Project Manager. Field density tests shall be performed to ensure that the specified density is being obtained. Two copies of the test results and calculations shall be submitted to the Project Manager.

7. Measurement for Payment

General References in this section to ‘items’ shall mean items in the Bill of Quantities.

Site clearance Items for ‘Site clearance’ shall include for clearing the Site all as specified, excluding trees and stumps large enough to qualify for separate measurement under any further items, which may be provided. Site clearance shall be measured as the area so cleared to the Project Manager's requirements.

Items for cut, remove trees exceeding a stated minimum girth shall include for felling, cutting up, and transporting useful timber to a location provided by the Employer all as specified. Trees shall be classified for measurement according to their girth measured at 120 cm above mean ground level.

Items for ‘stumps’ shall include for grubbing up and disposal of stumps and roots and for filling up the resulting hole all as specified. Stumps shall be classified for measurement according to the mean diameter of the stump measured across the cut.

Excavation (other than trench excavation) Items for ‘excavation’ except where expressly indicated otherwise shall apply to excavation whether bulk or incidental in any material other than rock and shall include all work in connection with excavation.

Where appropriate, further items are included for the disposal of excavated material to Contractor's tip or Project Manager's stockpile.



Items for ‘excavation in rock’ shall be deemed to include for any allowance the Contractor considers necessary to cover overbreak and the making good thereof. Items for ‘trial holes’ shall include for the excavation, refilling and reinstatement of trial holes ordered by the Project Manager, together with the collection, recording and submission of such information as he may require.

The foregoing excavation items shall be measured as the net volume of the voids to be formed by the removal of materials excavated to the nominal payment levels and limits described herein or shown in the Drawings.

Excavation for removal of unsuitable material shall (unless it is held to be excess excavation) be measured as the volume ordered to be excavated beyond the specified limits of excavation and items for such excavation shall include for the disposal of the unsuitable material to designated disposal areas and for refilling the excavation with approved material emanating from other excavations.

Where nominal ‘payment limits’ to excavation are not shown in the Drawings or otherwise specified they shall be deemed to be the minimum net limits which would allow the outline of the completed structure to be lowered vertically from ground level into its final position.

No separate payment shall be made in respect of excess excavation or the backfilling thereof.

Excavation of any material shall be measured once only. Removal of material from temporary or permanent spoil tips and from surcharge and required for filling, or removal to designated disposal areas shall not be measured (as excavation) for payment.

Filling

Items for filling to structures shall include for the loading, haulage, unloading, placing, compacting and shaping all as specified of material from required excavation.

Items for free draining fill or other special fill material shall include for the supply (whether from an external source or from excavated material processed by the Contractor) and for placing, compacting and shaping of the material all as specified.

Filling shall be measured as the volume after compaction of material placed to the limits defined on the Drawings. The Contractor shall be deemed to have made his own allowances for compaction and for any settlement of material into the ground.

Backfilling of excavations shall not be measured for payment.

Trench excavation Items for trench excavation shall apply to excavation in any material except where expressly indicated otherwise and shall include not only for all work in connection with excavation but also for refilling the trench and for disposal of surplus material, for temporary fencing and, in open land, for the stripping of the top surface including topsoil if any and subsequent reinstatement of the top surface all as specified.

Trench excavation shall be measured by length along the centre-line of the pipe at the various depths stated in the Bill of Quantities and the Contractor shall be deemed to have made his own assessment (subject to any specific requirements of the Contract) of the widths of trench excavations necessary for the proper construction of the Works including all allowances to provide support for the excavations, to accommodate joints and bends in the pipeline and to



provide working space. The length of trench excavation shall be measured through and including any space occupied by manholes, chambers, thrust blocks and the like. No extra payment shall be made for trenches which are curved in plan or elevation.

The depth of trench excavation shall be measured vertically from the original ground level, or where appropriate from the ground level remaining after the completion of any over site excavation, down to the specified invert level of the pipe plus the thickness of the pipe barrel and plus, where appropriate, the specified thickness of bedding for the pipe.

For the purpose of measuring quantities of other items additional to trench excavations (such as incidental excavation, surface reinstatement in roads, land drains and services), trench excavations shall be deemed to be of the nominal dimensions stated below:

(a) The nominal depth shall be the depth as defined in the preceding paragraph. (b) Except in rock, the nominal width shall be as follows where ‘D’ is the external diameter

of the pipe including any protective coating:

D not exceeding 400 mm: 750 mm D exceeding 400 mm, not exceeding 1,100 mm: (D + 550) mm D exceeding 1,100 mm: (D + 750) mm

The sides of trench excavation shall be deemed to be vertical and the nominal widths shall apply to any depth of trench and whether or not bedding or surround to the pipe is specified.

Any excavation outside these limits, which has not been ordered by the Project Manager, shall be held to be excess excavation.

Work incidental to trench excavation Work incidental to trench excavation shall be measured separately from the items for Trench excavation only to the extent that any of the following further items are included in the Bill of Quantities.

Incidental excavation for structures situated in the pipeline shall be measured only to the extent that the net excavation required to accommodate the structures falls outside the nominal dimensions of the trench excavation. Incidental excavation for removal of unsuitable material shall, unless it is held to be excess excavation, be measured as the volume ordered by the Project Manager to be excavated beyond the nominal dimensions of trench excavation and shall include for the disposal of the excavated material off the site and for refilling the excavation with approved material emanating from trench excavation elsewhere. Excess excavation and the backfilling thereof shall not be measured for payment.

Concrete refill (excluding bedding and surround) to such lengths of trench excavation as may be ordered by the Project Manager shall be measured as the volume of concrete required to fill such lengths to the depth ordered and to the nominal width of the trench, a deduction having been made for the volume occupied by the pipe and shall include for any formwork required and for disposal of additional surplus material.

Surface reinstatement of trench excavation in roads and in footpaths as specified shall be measured as the area calculated by multiplying the length of trench excavation to be so reinstated



by its nominal width. The stripping of the top surface and the surface reinstatement of trench excavation in open land shall be included in trench excavation and shall not be separately measured.

Crossing services shall include for all temporary measures for dealing as specified with service pipes and cables of any size and shall be measured as the length of services dealt with within the nominal width of trench excavation only as may be itemised in the Bill of Quantities will be measured.

Embankments Items for forming embankments should generally comply with the requirements of Clause 7.3 and shall include for the loading, haulage, unloading, spreading, compaction and shaping of material from required excavation, all as specified.

Items for ‘free draining fill’ or other special fill material shall include for the supply (whether from an external source or from excavated material processed by the Contractor) and for placing, compacting and shaping of material all as specified.

Embankments shall be measured as the volume after compaction of material placed to the limits and depths shown in the Drawings. The Contractor shall be deemed to have made his own allowance for any ‘loss’ of material into the ground below the embankment.

Top soiling and grassing Items for ‘Top soiling’ shall include for obtaining topsoil from temporary spoil tips on the Site, hauling and spreading all as specified.

Items for ‘Grassing’ shall include for all work in connection with grassing as specified, but excluding any applications of fertilisers.

Top soiling and grassing shall be measured as the superficial areas so treated, and except where

expressly indicated otherwise items shall apply to sloping as well as to horizontal surfaces only

where item is in the Bill of Quantities.

Testing Except where items are provided specifically for testing of earthworks, the cost of testing, including obtaining samples, their handling and transportation and the provision of test results all as specified, shall be deemed to be included in the rates for earthworks.



TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION – DREDGING

1. Scope 1.1 Scope and Location of Dredging Works

Dredging shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, the furnishing of all equipment, labour, supervision, materials, consumables and expertise for execution of dredging works in defined areas of Phu Loc river. Construction of floating or submerged pipelines, if used, shall be undertaken by the Contractor using his own skilled labour. Responsibility for the installation, operation and subsequent removal of the pipeline shall rest entirely with the Contractor.

1.2 Description of Dredging Works

The dredging works covered by this Specification comprise works to dredge the Phu Loc river. Dredged material shall be conveyed in barges or pumped or tank truck varying distances from the dredge sites, usually to be used to raise river embankments at locations shown on the Drawings, or to disposal areas as determined by the Project Manager. Dredged material includes 2 type (i) top sludge, which is contaminated by heavy metal and need to be disposed of at the Khanh Son landfill and (ii) lower soil, which is mainly fine sand.

2. Reference Standards Dredging works shall be executed in accordance with the current regulations issued by the relevant river authority, or the relevant Vietnamese Standards.

3. Submissions from Contractor 3.1 Work Programme

Before any equipment is brought to Site, a detailed dredging programme, including particulars of dredgers, and all other equipment which the Contractor proposes to use, shall be submitted to the Project Manager for his approval.

3.2 Method Statement

Prior to the commencement of dredging the Contractor shall submit a detailed Method Statement to the Project Manager for his approval. The Method Statement shall show clearly how the Contractor proposes to carry out dredging according to his dredging work programme. The Contractor shall include all details on the operation, such as movements of the dredger, length and width of each individual cut, and depths of cut. Should the Contractor find it necessary to alter his method of operation during the progress of these works he shall, within 14 days prior to his intended implementation of the revised method, submit a revised Method Statement to the Project Manager for approval.

3.3 Dredging Records

The Contractor shall make and keep records of all dredging and shall submit copies of these records in an approved form, daily or weekly or at such other intervals as may be required by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall also submit proposals, reports, records, drawings, schedules, and the like as required for the performance and recording of the dredging and placing material as hydraulic fill. The Contractor’s obligations under the Contract include but are not necessarily limited to the following:

- Schedules for surveys, dredging activities, completion of individual dredged areas, and final completion for hand-over.

- The performance of dredgers and daily and weekly production figures.



- Drawings showing areas to be dredged, survey drawings and documents including specifications, data, lists of equipment and methods used.

- Schedule of performance tests and procedures. - Monthly progress reports. - List of Constructional Plant and/or Contractor’s equipment proposed to be used in the

following operations: a) Dredging b) Transportation of dredged materials c) Discharging of dredged materials d) Placement of dredged materials for embankments or other land disposal areas e) Construction of containment embankments f) Disposal of top sludge

- Report/Records a) Tide gauge measurements b) Benchmarks for horizontal and vertical control of the works

- Drawings a) Pre-dredge surveys b) Discharge locations and disposal areas, layouts and surveys c) Records of interim surveys during dredging d) Post-dredge surveys

4. Survey a. Tidal Datum

The Contractor shall provide, install and maintain a temporary visual tide gauge at least 4 m long and 200 mm width graduated in centimetres and decimetres, at a location on Phu Loc river , as approved by the Project Manager. The gauge shall be levelled in and correlated with the land survey datum. The tide gauge shall be removed on completion of dredging works unless otherwise agreed with the Project Manager.

b. Topographic Survey

The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing the datum to be adopted for the control of dredging work along with the position-fixing system suitable for the positioning of his floating plant and his hydrographic vessel as required by the Project Manager. The system shall have a static accuracy of ±100 mm or better. Shore stations or beacons relating to the position-fixing system shall be placed in approved locations and their positions shall be surveyed in to the land grid or base line used for the Works to the approval of the Project Manager.

In addition to the initial survey of existing land prior to start of the discharges of hydraulic fill, for raising river or canal embankment, the Project Manager may require the Contractor to undertake other surveys of the designated discharge areas from time to time. Such surveys may include, but not necessarily be limited to levels of containment embankments and indicators of displacement or subsoil movements.

c. Hydrographic Survey

Unless otherwise covered by topographic survey, to the approval of the Project Manager, the Contractor shall carry out hydrographic surveys in the presence of the Project Manager for the whole of the areas to be dredged, before the commencement of any dredging works. The results of this pre-dredge survey will form the base line (MC 0%) for the purposes of measurement. Further survey shall be carried out on completion of each sub-area. The results of this post-dredge survey will form the final condition (MC 100%) for the purposes of measurement. The Contractor shall undertake other surveys in the presence of the Project Manager at such intervals and such manner as directed, for the purposes of establishing quantities for monthly applications for payment.



The Contractor shall submit to the Project Manager for his approval and prior to commencement of any pre-dredge survey works, his proposed survey plan and method of surveying the dredge areas and discharge areas as designated by the Project Manager. He shall also submit his plans for carrying out interim and post-dredge surveys. The Contractor shall state in his proposed methods the water depths to which he will be able to carry out the survey works with topographic techniques and sounding and with the echo sounder, as specified.

For echo sounding the Contractor shall provide a suitable boat, complete with crew, equipped with a dry paper recording dual frequency echo sounder, which may be read to an accuracy of ±100 mm, or an electronic digitised system of similar accuracy. The echo sounder shall be either a dual frequency instrument having pulse frequencies of 30 kHz and 210 kHz, or other single frequency instrument having a pulse frequency in the region of 30 kHz, in order to obtain reflections from the firm dredged bottom. The echo-sounding equipment shall be operated by experienced hydrographic surveyors or other suitably qualified personnel as the Project Manager may permit. All equipment and personnel required for sounding and survey operations shall be supplied by the Contractor.

The echo sounder shall be calibrated by means of the bar check method at the beginning and completion of each surveying period. Calibration shall take place in the same area of water in which the soundings are to be made, and the bar, which shall be of an a type approved by the Project Manager, shall be lowered in steps of 0.5 m between the anticipated shallowest sounding level and the anticipated deepest sounding level required. Bar calibration of the echo sounding equipment shall be carried out prior to the commencement of each day's surveying and at such other times as the Project Manager may direct and the corrections shall be agreed between the Contractor and the Project Manager.

No echo sounding shall be taken in water depths less than those recommended by the manufacturer of the equipment used or over slopes steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal. For these locations a calibrated pole, tape or chain with an approved bearing foot shall be used. Where water depths become too shallow for an echo sounder, measurements shall be made with a lead line or sounding pole. The lead line shall consist of a flexible, non-elastic line (wire), attached to a steel plate, as approved by the Project Manager. The lead line and/or sounding pole shall be marked at 10 cm intervals. The overall length and the position of the intermediate divisional marks shall be checked before use with a good quality steel tape measure, subject to the approval by the Project Manager.

Sounding runs shall be made across the dredging areas at 20 m intervals, or otherwise as agreed.

d. Interpretation of Echo Sounding Records

The dual frequency echo sounder, as specified, will produce two traces. The trace from the 210 kHz pulse will show low density fluid mud, whilst the trace from the 30 kHz pulse will show the dredged bottom. All pre-dredge and post-dredge surveys shall be based on the 30 KHz trace.

e. Hydrographic Survey Record Drawings of Dredged Areas

After each survey, the Contractor shall immediately prepare drawings recording the results of the survey in the form of plans to a scale of 1:2,000 and cross sections. Contour drawings shall be prepared to a scale 1:2,000, or as otherwise approved by the Project Manager. The drawings shall show the depth contours at 0.20 m intervals referred to the datum level.

The post-dredge survey drawings shall clearly show the location of cross-sections used for measuring the material removed by dredging. The cross-sectional profiles shall be plotted to a suitable vertical and horizontal scale as approved by the Project Manager (for example: 1:100



vertical, 1:5,000 horizontal, or similar) and shall be clearly identified. The location of the cross-sections shall be shown on the pre-dredge survey drawings from which the original pre-dredge contour lines are scaled for use on the profiles.

All survey plans shall show coordinates of lines on a grid system approved by the Project Manager.

f. Survey and Record Drawings of Discharge Areas

The Contractor shall undertake surveys of discharge areas as provided for under Clause 4.4.2. After each survey, the Contractor shall immediately prepare drawings recording the results of the survey in the form of plans to a scale of 1:2,000 and cross sections to a scale approved by the Project Manager.

All survey drawings shall show the embankment filling limits referred to the lines shown on the Drawings and as approved by the Project Manager.

g. Sweeping of Dredged Areas

On completion of dredging of a sub-area, the Contractor shall sweep the whole of the dredged sub-area to confirm that the bed is everywhere within the dredging limits as specified in Clause 5.17. This sweep shall be carried out by means of a rigid horizontal bar suspended at the dredging depth from a suitable vessel in the presence of the Project Manager. The Contractor shall remove all obstructions and high spots revealed by this sweep.

5. Dredging 5.1 Scope The work covered by this part of the Specification consists of furnishing all Constructional Plant, equipment, labour, supervisory staff, appliances, materials, and in performing all operations in connection with the dredging and discharge works to the extent and levels established by the Contractor and confirmed by the Project Manager from the pre-dredge survey of the areas to be dredged and discharge locations for embankment raising, as shown on the Drawings. The areas to be dredged are at Phu Loc river as shown on the Drawings. Dredged material shall be conveyed by barge or pumped of tank truck varying distances from the dredging area to the designated discharge areas for use in raising embankments as shown on the Drawings or to disposal areas as determined by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall provide the pipe and all necessary fittings and consumables, jointing equipment and the like for any pipeline used. Construction of all land, floating and submerged pipeline under navigable channels shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.

The dredging programme is constrained by:

- The tidal conditions in Phu Loc river - Geology condition. - Hanlding, transportation and disposal of dredged top sludge and lower soil

Top sludge shall be disposed of at the Khanh Son landfill, which is at about 15km away from the dredging site. Discharge locations, which are to receive dredged materials, shall be embanked prior to the start of discharges to prevent drainage water reaching the surrounding cultivated land. A fall shall be maintained across the area from the point of discharge to the outfall at all times so



as to ensure rapid dewatering. Drainage discharges to the river shall be to the approval of the relevant river authority and as agreed with the Project Manager.

With consideration of the constraints on dredging outlined above, the Contractor shall provide a suitable dredger, able to best perform the dredging specified.

5.2 Access to the Site

The Contractor shall be deemed to have made his own enquiries regarding the suitability of the dredging equipment he intends to use for the Works, and for marine access. Assistance to the Contractor to obtain any necessary permits will be provided by the Employer.

5.3 Working Hours

The Contractor will be permitted to carry out dredging work 7 days per week provided no complaints are received. Adequate lighting shall be provided for work during the hours of darkness. Safety precautions against accidents, injury and loss of life to all persons involved in the Contract or members of the public shall be given effective and proper consideration by the Contractor strictly in accordance the regulations in force in Vietnam, and to the approval of the Project Manager.

In the event of any complaints, the Project Manager shall be informed in writing immediately. The Project Manager will promptly convey the complaint to the relevant authority to resolve the matter. Dredging work will not be permitted on national holidays unless otherwise approved by the Project Manager.

5.4 Horizontal Setting Out

The Contractor shall be responsible for establishing a position-fixing system suitable for the positioning of his floating plant and his hydrographic vessel if used. The system shall have a static accuracy of ±100 mm or better. Shore stations or beacons relating to the position-fixing system shall be placed in approved locations and their positions shall be surveyed in to the base line to the approval of the Project Manager.

5.5 Dredging Methods

The Contractor shall submit to the Project Manager for approval, at least 14 days prior to commencing the mobilization of any plant, his proposed method and sequence of dredging, details of equipment, proposed routing of land and submerged pipelines, method of placing the dredged material in embankments, notices to the relevant authorities and his proposed method of lighting and marking. The methods proposed shall be approved by the Project Manager in advance of any work being started and shall be such as will ensure the completion of the Works in compliance with the approved program and to the satisfaction of the Project Manager.

The method of dredging and transporting materials shall be such as to avoid any deposition that may interfere with navigational requirements, in the river channels around the dredging sub-areas. In the event of unavoidable settlement of sediments to such an extent as to impede navigation of the river channel, the Contractor shall, at his own expense, immediately restore the affected channel to its original depth to the satisfaction of the Project Manager and appropriate river authorities.

The Contractor shall include proposals for routing of pipelines in his Method Statements in accordance with Clause 3.2. All pipeline routes shall be subject to the environmental constraints contained elsewhere in this Specification, and shall be subject to the prior approval of the Project Manager. The Contractor shall exercise particular care to ensure that any pipelines used for transporting dredged material do not interfere unduly with navigation and fishing activities and such pipelines



shall be marked and provided with warning lights to the satisfaction of the relevant river authority.

The Contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied himself before tendering as to the distance between sub-areas to be dredged and the designated discharge areas and shall include in his rates and prices for dredging, for the conveyance of dredged material from any part of the sub-areas to be dredged to any part of the discharge locations. No claim will be entertained in respect of length of pumping between the dredged sub-areas and the discharge locations, as specified or as shown on the Drawings.

The rates for dredging and disposal shall include for all temporary moorings, stagings, supply and laying of pipework, filling to form temporary and permanent embankments at discharge locations and any other works necessary for carrying out the dredging operation in an efficient manner. The rates shall duly allow for the removal of all such equipment, pipeline, cable moorings, stagings and the like, and any site cleanup of hydrocarbon spills, on completion of dredging.

5.6 Maintenance of Craft

The Contractor shall at all times during the progress of the Works provide, operate and maintain in proper working condition to the satisfaction of the Project Manager, all necessary dredger(s), barges, piping, valves, tugs and other floating craft, surveying and sounding equipment necessary for the execution and completion of the Works.

5.7 Provision of Materials, Stores, Equipment and Craft The Contractor shall be responsible for the provision of all materials, stores, equipment and craft necessary for the satisfactory execution and completion of the dredging work.

5.8 Materials to be Dredged The Contractor shall be responsible for the dredging and removal of all materials as may be necessary for achieving the depths, widths and slopes shown in the Drawings, using such dredging equipment as is most suitable for dealing with the materials involved in accordance with the Specification.

5.9 Objects Encountered

Unless the Project Manager otherwise directs, all objects encountered during dredging work shall be lifted, removed and disposed of by the Contractor.

5.10 Navigation in Phu Loc River The Contractor shall so conduct his dredging operations that no undue interference is caused to navigation in the Phu Loc River. The Contractor shall include in his survey of the whole of the area to be dredged prior to commencement of dredging and in his post dredge survey, as specified, a survey of the river reach in the vicinity of the proposed confluence with the approach canals, to the approval of the Project Manager. The pre-dredge survey of the river will be recorded by the Employer with the relevant river authority. This data shall be regarded as the base-line condition at the commencement of dredging. Any accretion of sediment in the river, from submerged pipelines or otherwise, over and above that to be expected naturally, deemed by the Project Manager to be attributable to the Contractor’s dredging operations shall be removed by the Contractor to the designated discharge areas and incorporated in the embankments or to a disposal area at his own expense.

5.11 Disposal of Dredged Material

Top sludged shall be separated and disposed of at the Khanh Son landfill



All other dredged material shall be deposited in the designated discharge locations for embankment construction, which are located as shown on the Drawings or to disposal areas as determined by the Project Manager.

The Contractor shall supervise the construction of all containment embankments and drainage arrangements, and shall conduct all hydraulic fill operations so as to obtain the best possible results. The layout of the discharge areas will be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall include settling ponds to allow the materials in suspension, formed by the slurry from the dredging of the soft clays and silts, to settle out, before the drainage water is returned to the river via the outfall. The containment embankments may be constructed of material taken from inside the embankment areas prior to dredging. The height of these containment embankments shall be sufficient to contain the dredged material in its suspended unconsolidated state, with at least 0.50m freeboard against risk of overflow. The embankments shall be such that the slurry will not seep into the adjoining water body or land areas. The embankments shall be stable with adequate widths and side slopes to prevent failure. If leakage of drainage water from material discharged or from any other source occurs, such as flooding or rainfall run-off, the Contractor shall be responsible for cleaning the area affected to the satisfaction of the Project Manager. Any such reparation shall be entirely the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be at his cost. In the event of a major leak from the pipeline, the Contractor shall stop dredging until the problem has been rectified. Boundaries of the designated discharge areas for embankment raising and disposal areas are given on the Drawings. The discharge arrangement plan shall be submitted to the Project Manager for approval within 30 days after the commencement of mobilisation.

The Contractor shall provide and maintain continuous physical security around the outer perimeter of all such land discharge areas to prevent the entry of persons or animals into the area of ‘active’ disposal operations. Particular care shall be taken in the vicinity of village settlements and isolated houses to prevent the entry of children. The Contractor shall include proposals for security of discharge and disposal areas in his method statement as mentioned above.

No separate payment shall be made in respect of such security arrangements, which shall be deemed to be included in the rates for dredging.

5.12 Spillage of Dredged Material during Transportation The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to prevent the spillage of dredged material during transportation and will be responsible for the subsequent removal of any such spilled material to the approved designated discharge areas or disposal area at his own expense.

5.13 Interruptions to Work

The Contractor shall allow in his rates for any loss of working time due to weather, river and tidal conditions and disruptions as a result of complaints received and their resolution.

5.14 Clearance of Site on Completion

At the completion of the Contract, the Contractor shall remove all anchors, chains, wires and any other equipment plant or materials introduced. Any soil contamination directly attributable to dredging operations, both inside and outside of discharge and disposal areas, shall be assessed and cleaned up by the Contractor. The cost of all such clearance and cleanup operations shall be deemed to have been included in the rates for dredging.

5.15 Contractor’s Records



The Contractor shall keep complete records and logs of his dredging operations and transportation of the sediments in a form that shall be approved by the Project Manager.

These records shall include delay times for the following:

- Anchor handling - Floating pipeline - Land pipeline - Disposal area and construction of containment embankments - Mechanical breakdown - Pumping system - Clearance of debris - Others

The Contractor shall prepare a daily log sheet recording all events on the job site. The log sheet shall be to a standardised format approved by the Project Manager. The log sheet shall include the following information:

- Professional and other personnel present on the site - Numbers and types of equipment on the site - Ready stock of fuel for the equipment - Dredging production during the day - Other activities - Materials delivered to the Site - Weather conditions, floods and other events likely to influence progress of work.

The Contractor shall make two copies of each sheet for delivery to the Project Manager. 5.16 Weekly Returns

Each week the Contractor shall prepare a summary of work carried out in the preceding seven days and submit copies to the Project Manager. The weekly summary shall consist of a recapitulation of activities recorded on daily log sheets and shall include a cumulative record of quantities entered on daily log sheets. The weekly summary shall be to a standardised format approved by the Project Manager. The Contractor shall make two copies of each sheet for delivery to the Project Manager.

5.17 Dredging tolerances

The tolerance on bed profile shall be ±100 mm from the levels shown on the Drawings. The Contractor shall at all times take all reasonable precautions to prevent over-dredging at any point. No material shall be allowed to remain above the minimum dredged level. Land disposal areas, if any, are to trimmed on completion. Containment embankments are to be left with stable slopes and the area occupied by fill material left level and in a neat condition suitable for future use for agriculture or aquaculture on completion of the Works.

5.18 Noise The Contractor shall refrain from using equipment that makes excessive noise, particularly during the hours of darkness.

6. Temporary Works a. Contractor’s Working Area

The Contractor shall establish, in conjunction with the Project Manager, river authorities, local authorities, landowners and occupiers, the locations of all the Contractor's temporary marine facilities in connection with dredging.

b. Watching And Lighting



The Contractor shall, in connection with the Works, provide and maintain at his own cost, buoys or other markers, lights, signals, alarms, safety equipment, buoyancy aids, fencing, guards and watchmen when and where necessary as required by the Project Manager or by any other duly constituted authority for the protection of the Works, materials and personnel. The Contractor shall undertake Temporary Works required and provide materials for the proper indication of submerged work or the moorings of the Contractor’s water craft or for the safety and convenience of river users, or of the public. The Contractor shall indemnify the Employer from any damage, loss or injury caused to third parties by the Contractor’s failure to provide or in connection with providing of lights or other markers.

7. Measurement For Payment 7.1 General

References in this sub-section to “items” shall mean items in the Bill of Quantities. Payment shall be made only through the items provided in the Bill of Quantities. The rates for dredging shall include for discharge at locations specified, forming embankments including containment embankments, and all temporary moorings, stages, supply and laying of pipework, and any other necessary works for carrying out the dredging operation in an efficient manner. The rates shall duly allow for the removal of all equipment, cable, including pipeline, and any cleanup of material spillages and hydrocarbon spills at the completion of dredging.

7.2 Mobilisation And Demobilisation

Items relating to general mobilisation shall include bringing to Site, setting to work, operating and maintaining, and demobilisation of all Constructional Plant and all types of equipment, including ancillary and associated equipment in connection with dredging work.

(i) Dredging Items referring to dredging, except where indicated, shall apply to excavation of material from the areas of the river bed and adjacent land as shown on the Drawings, and discharge at the approved locations.

(ii) Dredging quantities The Contractor's rates and prices in the priced Bill of Quantities shall include for dredging in all materials, pre-dredge, intermediate and post-dredge surveys carried out, and for transportation or pumping the dredged materials through a pipeline (hydraulic filling) or tank truck to the disposal locations, as specified or directed by the Project Manager. The removal and disposal of foreign objects or obstructions found in the river will be deemed to be included in the Contractor's rates and prices. Measurement of dredging quantities shall be by volume dredged, within the limits between the maximum and minimum dredge levels given in Clause 5.17. During the execution of each dredging sub-area, the Contractor may make monthly applications for payment subject to the minimum amount of interim payment certificates given in the Contract. Monthly applications for payment may be based upon surveys undertaken during the dredging of a sub-area in a manner as may be agreed with the Project Manager. The difference between the levels given by the pre and post dredge sounding surveys, as specified in Clause 4.3, shall define the measurement of volume dredged in each sub-area. Any over or under measurement of volume resulting from such interim surveys shall be taken into account when the post-dredge sounding survey of that dredging sub-area is agreed between the Contractor and the Project Manager (MC 100%). Any over or under payment shall be adjusted at this time.

The Contractor shall be deemed to have included in his rates for dredging for any accretion of sediment between the pre and post dredge surveys. No additional payment over and above that



derived from the difference between pre and post sounding dredged surveys of a dredging sub-area shall be due to the Contractor.

(iii) Over-dredging No payment shall be due to the Contractor for dredging below the maximum dredge levels shown on the Drawings and as specified in Clause 5.17. (iv) Discharge Locations Items for placing dredged fill to form embankments or containment embankments shall include for construction or maintenance and operation of temporary spillweirs, outfalls and all other drainage facilities.

There will be no separate payment for the provision and maintenance of perimeter security around disposal areas, which shall be deemed included within the rates for dredging.

(v) Interruptions to work No payment will be made for standing time occasioned by interruptions to work for any reason.

8. Environmental Control 8.1 Introduction

This sub-section covers the general environmental requirements to be followed during the dredging operations.

8.2 Environmental Constraints

Dredging is to be performed strictly in accordance with the prevailing regulations regarding contamination of river waters and agricultural land. It is important that dredging activities do not create excessive turbidity which unduly impacts on the existing local fisheries so as to adversely affect the livelihood of those dependent on fishing. The Contractor shall indemnify the Employer from justified claims as a result of loss of income for local residents from fishing. Preventative measures against contamination of cultivated land, by the raising of containment embankments around the discharge locations, the provision of effective drainage arrangements, and good dredging and transportation practices shall be followed by the Contractor. Mitigating measures to be taken include those described elsewhere in the Specification. Dredging methodologies and timings shall be submitted to the Project Manager before commencement of dredging works. Specifically, the following environmental conditions will be enforced by the Project Manager throughout the execution of dredging works. In order to avoid as much unnecessary re-suspension of sediment as possible, the Contractor shall follow a work program and use equipment that minimises re-suspension of sediment around the dredger. The Contractor shall demonstrate to the Project Manager that his method of dredging achieves this aim and shall seek approval from the Project Manager prior to commencing work. Pipeline routes for pumping dredged material shall be selected to avoid undisturbed areas as far as possible. The pipeline alignment shall be subject to approval by the Project Manager, in writing, before it is placed in position or subsequently repositioned.



TECHNICAL SPECEFICATION – PIPELINES AND PIPEWORK 1. Scope of Work This section of the Technical Specification covers the pipework and pipelines included in the Contract. These include combined sewers and drains, internal pipework and a pumping main for a wastewater pumping station, water mains, service sewers, house connections and road drainage systems. The works include but are not necessarily limited to clearing of the Site, excavation, foundations of pipework and auxiliaries, furnishing and installing to the required elevation all specified underground piping together with all fittings (including all valves etc.) and appurtenances, backfilling, embankments, connections to manholes and chambers, crossings in general, testing of pipelines and cleaning of Site all as shown on the Drawings or as required for a complete installation. 2. Quality Assurance a. Shop Tests All pipe materials, fittings, sealing rings and other materials for pipeline network covered by these specifications shall be factory tested in accordance with the applicable standards. b. Witnessed Shop Tests Inspections at the manufacturers’ facilities before and/or after the approval of materials will be required as set out in the Contract. 3. Approval of Materials 3.1 General No material shall be delivered to the Site unless the material and the manufacturer has been approved by the Engineer. 3.2 Product Literature Each submittal for the Engineer’s approval shall be complete in all aspects incorporating the information and data listed herein and all additional information required to evaluate the compliance of the proposed piping material with the Contractual requirements. Partial or incomplete submissions will not be reviewed. Data to be submitted shall include but not necessarily be limited to:

1) Catalogue data consisting of specifications, illustrations and schedules specifying the materials to be used for the various components and accessories. The illustrations shall be in sufficient detail to serve as a guide for assembly and disassembly.

2) Complete assembly drawings of fittings etc. with clearly marked dimensions. This information shall be in sufficient detail to serve as a guide for assembly and disassembly and for ordering parts.

3) Pipe schedule with the following information for all pipes and fittings: service, international complying standard or Vietnamese standard, pipe size, working pressure, and wall thickness.

4) Manufacturer's instructions for transporting, unloading, storing and installing pipes, fitting and other pipe accessories.

3.3 Certified Shop Test Results Copies of current authenticated test results in accordance with the manufacturing standard shall be submitted in accordance with the Contract provisions. 4. Demolition of Existing Combined Sewers, Manholes and Gully Pots The Contractor shall demolish the existing combined sewers, manholes and gully pots as shown on the Drawings and itemised in the Bill of Quantities. The Contractor shall remove the sludge from the sewers, manholes and gully pots to be demolished and transport it to approved area for dewatering, treatment and disposal. The concrete and brick structures shall be disposed by the Contractor on his own tip, the location of the tip is subject to the Engineer’s approval. The cast iron covers of the manholes and gully pots to be demolished shall be delivered to the Employer’s store in Danang. The transportation of sludge or cast iron covers will not be separately paid for. 5. Pipes, Concrete Box Sewers and Pipe Fittings



5.1 Concrete Pipes and Fittings Unreinforced and reinforced concrete pipes and fittings with flexible joints shall comply with BS 5911, Part 100; specification for unreinforced and reinforced pipes and fittings with flexible joints. BS 5911, Part 103 shall apply for pre-stressed non-pressure pipes and fittings with flexible joints, if those are specifically required elsewhere in the Contract Documents. All pipes and fittings shall have gasket-type joints of spigot and socket joint or rebated joint. Pipes shall be inspected for shape, fractures or cracks passing through the shell or other defects and deficiencies. Any pipe, which is deemed to be unsatisfactory, shall be rejected. Repair of minor imperfections shall only be permitted upon approval of the Engineer. Concrete pipes for pipe jacking shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 5911: Part 120 or equal. The Contractor shall ensure that the pipes can withstand the jacking loads to which they will be subjected during installation, without cracking or spalling. A certificate shall be supplied, confirming that the pipes are suitable for jacking and stating the distributed jacking loads, which they were designed. 6.1 Reinforced Concrete Box Sewers This work shall consist of reinforced concrete box sewer sections furnished and installed at such locations as shown on the drawings or required by the Engineer. In order to minimize the period of traffic diversion and restriction during construction, the Contractor may use precast concrete box sewer culvert sections approved by the Engineer. The Contractor may adopt in situ concreting method in places where sufficient working space is available without causing traffic diversion and restriction. Reinforced concrete box sewer shall be constructed in accordance with the dimensions as shown in the Drawings. Permissible variation in the position of the reinforcement shall be plus or minus 10% of wall thickness or ± 10 mm whichever greater. Permissible variation on wall thickness shall be plus or minus ± 10 mm. Concrete and steel reinforcement used in the construction of reinforced concrete box section shall be in accordance with structural specification and as shown on the Drawings. Box sewer sections may be repaired, if necessary, because of occasional imperfections in manufacture or accidental damage during handing and will be acceptable, if in the opinion of the Engineer, the repairs are sound and properly finished and cured and the repaired sections conform to the requirements of the specifications. 6. Manholes 7.1 General Manholes shall be constructed at the each change of gradient or direction, insertion with other sewers as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. All manholes shall be provided with manhole covers as shown on the Drawings. 7.2 Concrete Manholes The manholes for concrete sewers shall be either pre-cast or cast in situ type as shown on the Drawings. Where the finished surface is situ concrete, the concrete shall be Grade C35 with a fine finish. The manholes to be provided with step irons or ladders are shown on the Drawings. Pipe joints to manholes shall be made so that required jointing material, as specified on the Drawings, completely fills the joint cavity. Any surplus material extruded inside the chamber or shaft shall be trimmed off on completion. Manhole inverts and benching shall be formed of the materials detailed on the Drawings and where there is no change of diameter, the invert shall follow the same gradient of the outgoing sewer. Manholes and chambers shall be substantially watertight, with no identifiable flow of water entering the manhole or chamber. Manhole covers and frames shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 497: Part 1 and have a minimum clear opening of 600 mm. All manhole covers shall have hinge or similar protection device. On vehicle traffic areas, the covers and frames shall be designed for heavy traffic loads (i.e. 40 ton minimum). The frames shall set to level, bedded and haunched over the base and sides of the frames in 1:3 cement: sand (by volume) mortar or as shown on the structural Drawings. The manholes on vehicle traffic areas and where specifically shown on the Drawings shall be provided with 900 x 900 mm cast iron frame. In other applications the frame may be circular. The cover castings shall bear the Employer’s name in Vietnamese



The method of backfilling and compacting around manholes shall be as for the pipe trenches. Care shall be taken to raise backfill equally around the manhole shaft to avoid unbalanced lateral loading of the structures. The log grooves of stoplog manholes shall be provided with stainless steel, AISI 304 or equal, U- beams, wall thickness not less than 5 mm. The timber for the stoplogs shall be group 4 wood according to Vietnamese standards. 7.3 Gully Pots Gully pots shall be constructed at the locations shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The inlet connections to gully pots shall be reinforced concrete as shown on the structural Drawings. The inlet gratings of the gully pots including the fasteners shall be either hot dip galvanized carbon steel or bitumen coated ductile iron. Where exiting gully pots shall be renovated as shown on the Drawings, the works shall include replacement of the existing covers, desludging of the gully pots and complete internal plastering. Inlet gratings shall be provided for the gully pots to be renovated where shown on the Drawings. 7.4 Discharge Structures The discharge ends of sewers shall be provided with protection structures made of concrete or stone masonry. The type of structures for each location is shown on the Drawings. The structures shall comply with all respective requirements of concrete works, materials, reinforcement and formwork as specified in the Technical Specification for Structural Works. Stone masonry construction for protection of discharge end from erosion shall consist of quarried rock, bonded together with cement mortar. Walls shall be built in random rubble to proper course. Walling shall be built from stones selected from the pile so that each stone in any course is of a similar height to give a flat horizontal bed. All stones shall be wetted, set in full bed of mortar and all joints filled. No fallow beds to be allowed. The joints shall be raked out while setting and pointed on completion. The Contractor shall prepare selection of samples with supporting information, including the same of the supplier and quarry, for the approval of the Engineer. Stop log grooves shall b e provided for the outlet structures as shown on the Drawings. The faces of the grooves shall be protected with stainless steel inserts, AISI 304 or equal. 7. Valves and Sluice Gates The valves, sluice gates and the respective accessories for the sewerage network shall be as specified in the TS for Mechanical & Electrical Works. 8. Excavation, backfilling and reinstatement 8.1 Excavation Trenches for underground pipework, manholes and chambers shall be excavated to the lines and grades or elevations shown on the Drawings or as required in the Earthworks Specification. The Contractor shall avoid unnecessary opening of the pipe excavation before installing the pipes. 8.1.1 Backfilling Backfilling shall be carried out in layers as defined in such a way that it does not disturb alignments, grades, or stability of pipes. Backfilling shall only be carried out with approved materials. The Contractor shall maintain the backfill at the specified levels and ensure that the surfaces after backfilling are kept in satisfactory condition during the performance of the Contract. Any settlement after backfilling shall be topped with the same class of material and kept to the required level. Where such settlement shall constitute a hazard to life, property, or traffic, the work shall be carried out the same day that the settlement is noticed by or reported to the Contractor. If such settlements are substantial and indicate poor backfilling, the Contractor shall re-excavate to the required depth and backfill the excavation of trench again to the required standards. If the Engineer considers that the Contractor is not complying with any one of the foregoing requirements, he may prohibit further trench excavation until he is satisfied with the progress of laying and testing of pipes and refilling of trench excavation.



8.1.2 Surface Reinstatement Surface reinstatement shall be carried out to the standard that existed before the excavation and in the event of settlement after reinstatement, the reinstated road formation shall be removed and remade to the standard previously existing. In the event a relevant local authority carries out the reinstatement, the Contractor shall pay that authority for the work. 9. Installation

9.1 General All precautions shall be taken to protect the pipes or box culverts and prior to installation all pipes shall be checked for soundness and cleanliness. Any material found to be defective shall be marked and removed from the Site. Pipes, fittings and other accessories shall be stored as recommended by the manufacturer. Proper and suitable tools and appliances for the safe and convenient handling and laying of pipes or box culverts shall be used and those shall comply with manufacturer’s recommendations. Should any pipe or box culvert be discovered to be defective after being laid, it shall be removed and replaced with a sound pipe by the Contractor at his expense. Pipe or box culvert section shall be lowered into the trench in such a manner that neither the pipe nor the trench will be damaged or disturbed and so as to prevent earth or debris from falling into the previously prepared pipe bed or gaining entrance to the pipe. Under no circumstances shall pipe materials be dropped or dumped into the trench. Special attention must be paid to avoid any damage of corrosion protection during the installation. Pipes, fittings and other accessories shall be laid to conform with the lines and grades shown on the Drawings. Invert levels to be set to a tolerance of plus or minus five (± 5) millimetres. Socket and spigot pipes shall be laid with the socket ends facing the direction of laying. The socket directions shown on the Drawings are indicative only and shall be adjusted according to this principle. After each pipe is installed the interior of the pipes shall be cleaned of all dirt and superfluous materials. Where cleaning after laying is difficult because of small pipe size, a suitable swab or drag shall be kept and pulled forward past each joint immediately after the jointing has been completed. Trenches shall be kept dry and pipes shall not be laid when the condition of the trench is unsuitable. Under no circumstances shall water be allowed to run through the pipes during construction. Whenever pipe laying is stopped the open ends of pipe and fittings shall be securely and satisfactorily closed with caps so that no water, earth or other substance will enter the pipe or fittings. The pipe shall be secured and protected to prevent displacement of the pipe by any movement of the backfilling. In case water or any foreign material enters the pipe or the pipe is displaced from its position, the Contractor shall clean the pipe and reinstall it at its correct position at his own expense. Free distance between the top of one pipe and/or service and the underside of another pipe or service shall not be less than 100 mm.

9.2 Concrete Pipes Piping shall be installed to the required lines and grades. All offsets or fittings required to accomplish this must be furnished. All dimensioned pipes and fittings shall be installed before fitting make-up pieces, and the hole shall be jointed so that no stress or strain is created in the lines and associated equipment due to forcing parts into position. Changes in direction shall be made using manholes. Temporary bracing and supports shall be provided to adequately support the pipe during installation and care shall be taken in placing of piping to prevent damage to the pipe or pipe coating or adjacent structures or equipment. All supports and blocking shall be in place before temporary supports and bracings are removed. Pipes laid in trenches shall be adequately and securely clamped or otherwise held or fixed to an adequate number of supports to prevent movement of pipes during pipe test and when the pipes are in service.



Where pipes are laid in the ground the pipe shall be bedded as shown on the Drawings. The bedding shall provide a continuous even bearing for the entire length of the pipe. At joints, the bedding shall be placed after the joint has been made up as specified herein. Bedding and backfilling shall comply with the applicable requirements of section 5.13 or otherwise instructed by the Engineer. Pipe joints shall be left exposed until the pipeline has been successfully leakage tested. The Engineer may waive this requirement if in his opinion conditions warrant him to do so. The Contractor shall be responsible for the protection of the joints. At all times when pipe laying is not in progress, or the trench is unattended, the open ends of pipe shall be closed by watertight plugs or other approved means. Table 5.5 Permissible burying depth of concrete pipe

Permissible pipe cover (m) Unreinforced concrete pipe Reinforced concrete pipe

Pipe class

Min Max Min Max L 0.70 3.00 0.50 5.00 M 0.50 5.00 0.40 8.00 H 0.30 7.00 0.30 10.0

9.3 Reinforced Concrete Box Sewer The Contractor shall make arrangements to transport and offload box sewer sections at site. The lifting methods such as providing eye bolts, threaded lifting sections or protecting loops may be applied but the Contractor may adopt any other method suitable without causing any damage to box sewer particularly jointing surfaces from damage while lifting. Handing of box sewer shall be by lifting and never by dragging. The box sewer laying is usually commenced from the downstream end with socket facing upstream to receive the box sewer section to be laid. The box sewer section shall be carefully lowered on the prepared base alignment the spigot with the socket of the unit already laid. If any adjustment to the level is necessary, the box sewer shall be removed and the binding layer adjusted, no local backing shall be used to adjust the level. Prior to the commencement of construction the Contractor shall submit his proposal for the type of joints, he proposes to use for the box sewer sections and also the method of connecting box sewer. Access shafts/manholes with drawings and relevant specifications shall be submitted for approval of the Engineer. No separate payment shall be made for the joint and shall be included in the unit price for box sewer sections. The benching inside the sewer shall be constructed with grade C25 concrete to the dimensions shown on the Drawings. No separate payment shall be made for this benching and shall be included in the unit price for box sewer sections.

9.4 Connecting to Existing Sewers Where shown on the Drawings, the existing sewers and house connections shall be extended, connected and jointed to new sewers. The connections of the existing pipes and open channels to the new sewers shall in general be carried out at the manholes as shown on the Drawings. Before entering or breaking into an existing sewer, the Contractor shall give notice of his intention to do so to the owner of the existing sewer to which the connection is to be made. Existing sewer no longer required shall, at the direction of the Engineer, be sealed with concrete or removed and replaced with general backfill material.

9.5 Concrete Protection Slabs A cast insitu reinforced concrete slab shall be provided when minimum cover over a pipeline cannot be achieved in heavy or light traffic areas (major and local streets). The distance between the top of pipeline and lower part of the slab shall not be less than 100 mm.



9.6 Cutting of Pipes Pipe shall be cut to provide a clean square profile without splitting or fracturing the pipe wall and with minimal damage to any protective coating and lining. Where necessary, the cut ends of pipes shall be formed suitable for the type of joint to be used and protective coatings and linings shall be made good and the ends of the cut sealed. 10. Testing of pipelines 10.1 General The pipelines shall be tested in lengths determined by the course of construction, in accordance with a programme approved by the Engineer The Contractor shall furnish all necessary labour, materials including water, and equipment necessary for carrying out the tests. The Contractor shall provide all means and apparatus necessary for introducing the water into the pipelines for flushing and testing including all pumps, gauges, meters, plugs, caps, blow off piping, etc. as well as necessary strutting, thrust blocks etc. to prevent pipe movement during the flushing and testing. All pressure pipelines shall be flushed and tested in lengths not exceeding 500 m. All non-pressure pipelines shall be flushed and tested from manhole to manhole not exceeding 100 m. The Contractor shall give one-week notice of the time when he intends to test any pipelines. The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring the testing has no adverse affect on the design concrete strength of the thrust blocks. 10.2 Testing of Non-Pressure Pipelines 10.2.1 General Non-pressure pipelines laid in open trench shall be tested after they are jointed, and before final backfilling is commenced, other than such as may be necessary for structural stability whilst under test. The pipelines shall be tested by means of an air or water test or by visual inspection or closed circuit television (CCTV) examination, in lengths determined by the course of construction, in accordance with a programme approved by the Engineer. A further test shall be carried out after the final backfilling is complete. 10.2.2 Water Test for Non-Pressure Pipelines The test pressure for non-pressure pipelines up to and including DN 800 pipes and 800 x 800 box culverts shall be not less than 1.2 m head of water above the pipe soffit or ground water level, which ever is the higher at the highest point, and not greater than 6 m head at the lowest point of section. Steeply graded pipelines shall be tested in stages in cases where the maximum head, as stated above, would be exceeded if the whole section were tested in one length. The pipeline shall be filled with water and a minimum period of two hours shall be allowed for absorption, after which water shall be added from a measuring vessel at intervals of 5 minutes and the quantity required too maintain the original water level noted. Unless otherwise specified, the length of pipeline shall be accepted if the quantity of water added over a 30 minute period is less than 0.5 litre/lineal metre/metre of nominal size. 10.2.3 Air Test for Non-Pressure Pipelines Non-pressure pipelines to be air tested shall have air pumped in by suitable means until a pressure of 100 mm head of water is indicated in a U-tube connected to the system. The pipeline shall be accepted if the air pressure remains above 75 mm head of water after a period of 5 minutes without further pumping, following a period of stabilisation. Failure to pass the air test shall not preclude acceptance of the pipeline if a successful water test, ordered by the Engineer, can be subsequently carried out in accordance with the relevant clause of these Technical Specifications. 10.2.4 CCTV Inspection of Pipelines The pipelines and box culverts not required to be tested by water test shall be internally inspected by colour CCTV. The Contractor shall provide all necessary equipment, including suitable covered accommodation for viewing the monitor screen, together with personnel experienced in the operation of the equipment and interpretation of results. The intensity of illumination within the pipe or box culvert and the draw of the camera shall be such as to allow a proper examination of the inside of the pipe or box culvert. Provision shall be made for the



movement of the camera to be stopped and its position recorded and for permanent photographs to be taken at any point required by the Engineer or the Engineer’s representative. 10.2.5 Infiltration Non-pressure pipelines, box culverts and manholes shall be tested for infiltration after backfilling. All inlets to the system shall be effectively closed and any residual flow shall be deemed to be infiltration. The pipeline including manholes shall be accepted as satisfactory if the infiltration, including the infiltration into manholes, in 30 minutes does not exceed 0.5 litre/lineal metre/metre of nominal size. Notwithstanding the satisfactory completion of the above test, if there is any discernible flow of water entering the pipeline at a point which can be located either by visual or CCTV inspection, the Contractor shall take such measures as are necessary to stop such infiltration.

10.3 Testing of Pressure Pipelines 10.3.1 General Pipelines shall be tested after the completion of the pipeline with the exception of any backfilling not necessary for the stability and safety of the work and shall be tested before backfilling over joints and fittings. The section of pipe to be tested shall be slowly filled with water and air expelled completely from the pipe and all pipeline fittings. The specified test pressure, based on the elevation of the lowest point of the section under test, shall be applied by pumping. The Contractor shall arrange for the pressure gauges to be used in the test to be independently checked and a dated certificate of its accuracy shall be provided to the Engineer. The volume of water that must be added is converted into litres/metre/hour and shall not exceed the quantity which is obtained by the formula:

Q=(L*D*√P)/71.526 where: Q= allowable leakage in litres/hour L= length of pipe tested in metres D= inside diameter of the pipe, in millimetres P= average test pressure during the test, in bar As an example, the allowable leakage in litres per 100 m of pipeline at a test pressure of 8 bar is as set out in Table 3.8 below. Table 5.7 Example of allowable leakage DN (mm) 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 Q(l/100m/h)

0.39 0.59 0.80 0.99 1.19 1.58 1.97 2.38

If defects are found during the tests the Contractor shall immediately make the necessary repairs at his own expense. The Contractor shall then repeat the test until no defects are found and until the test is within the result limits stated above. Irrespective of test results, visual inspection of the pipeline shall be carried out with the Engineer during the test and any defects made good.

10.3.2 Thermoplastic Pipes The thermoplastic (uPVC and PE) pressure pipes including the rising mains of the waste water pumping stations shall be tested as follows: pipe section shall be subject to an internal pressure corresponding to the pressure class (PN) shown on the Drawings (normally 6 bar). This pressure shall be maintained for 2 hours by adding water as soon as the pressure has dropped 0.2 bar. After the initial 2 hour period the pressure is increased to 1.3 x nominal working pressure and maintained for a further 2 hours by adding water as soon as the pressure has dropped 0.2 bar. The pressure is reduced to the nominal working pressure and the test pump valve is closed. After a further 1 hour the quantity of the water is measured that is possibly needed to increase the pressure back up to the nominal working pressure.



10.3.4 Flushing of Pressure Pipelines After completing the testing the Contractor shall thoroughly clean all pressure pipelines by flushing with water or other means to remove all dirt, stones, pieces of wood etc., which may have entered the pipe. Pipelines shall be flushed preferably at a velocity of 0.8 metres/second for an appropriate duration.

Date post:	17-Jul-2020
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