Environmental performance

of waste oil managementViktoriia Kapustina, Mika Horttanainen

School of Energy Systems, Sustainability Science,

Lappeenranta University of Technology, LPR 53851, Finland

02.03.2016 2

- To explore the state of waste oil management systems on the

territory of Finland, Leningrad region and Saint-Petersburg,

Russia;

- To propose a few scenarios to be analyzed based on the

common practices in the world;

- To analyze and compare the environmental performance of the

proposed scenarios.

Objectives of the study

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Waste oil

- is a mineral or synthetic lubricant oil that becomes waste after losing

its properties and getting contaminated;

- is classified as a hazardous waste.

Waste oil management system

- includes processes such as generation, collection, recycling, and

disposal, reporting, monitoring and etc.

- and results in various environmental, economic and social impacts.

Improper waste oil handling leads to aquatic life damage and

contamination of the soil.

Research problem

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Waste oil management system in Finland

5

- Regulation on waste oils:

- Finland Waste Act (646/2011);

- Government Decree on waste (179/2012);

- Government Decree (151/2013)

- Waste Oil Charge Act 894/1986;

- Waste oil management practice:

- A long-duration (5 years) agreement with a waste collection company;

- The collection company is chosen by a bidding competition;

- The company has a nationwide responsibility to supervise the collection and handling of waste

oil and to deliver it to appropriate processors;

- Waste oils charges on the new lubricant oil sold (57.5 euro/t);

- Subsidy to collection and transportation operations based on its profitability (the yearly cost of

oil collection);

- Pay a disposal fee if the waste oil is of low quality (contaminated with 10% of water and other

foreign particles);

- Free of charge if the waste oil is good quality and amount is > 200 l;

- Municipal collection points for inhabitants.

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Regulation on waste oils:

− Federal Law No. 89-FZ on industrial and consumer waste

− GOST 21046-86 on waste oil products

− March 2014 – a new legislation on waste oil management has been introduced ТР ТС

030/2012.

• Importing companies and manufacturers of lubricant oil should organize a system

for waste oil collecting and introduce new plants for waste oil utilization.

Waste oil management

− If the waste oil is of good quality, it will be collected and producer will be paid;

− If the waste oil is of poor quality, producer has to pay disposal fee.

− Mainly incineration of waste oil.

Waste oil management system in Leningrad

region and Saint-Petersburg

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Waste oil management in Finland, ≈ 30 kt/a

Waste oil management in Leningrad Region

and Saint-Petersburg, Russia ≈ 15 kt/a

Waste oil generation in Finland Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region and

Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Waste oil collection and transportation

Small boilers

Incineration in industrial installations

Reclamation plant

WtE plant

Re-refining plant

Cement plant

Waste oil collection and transportation

50%30%

20%Incinerated

On-site waste oil combution

NA35%

65%

< 1%

Incinerated

Regenerated

NA

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Reclamation – recycling of segregated used industrial oils, especially hydraulic oils. These oils are simply centrifuged and/or filtered. Low quality lubricants oil can be applied (chain saw oil).

Re-refinery – process involves different technologies in order to turn waste oil back into a virgin base oil substitute (base oil N150 API Group II + by products)

Incineration - waste oil combustion with electricity and/ or just heat production.

Small boilers – incineration of waste oil with heat production.

Cement plant – waste oil used as a fuel.

Treatment processes

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Waste oil management practices in other

countries

9

Belgium

Canada (Alberta)

Finland

GermanyItaly

Portugal

Spain

USA (California)

TaiwanTurkey

Russia

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Co

llect

ion

rat

e, [

%]

Regeneration rate based on quantities collected , [%]

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10

1st scenario (present state)

Waste oil generation in

Finland

Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region

and Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Waste oil collection and transportation

Small boilerSmall boiler

Small boiler

Incineration in industrial installations

Reclamation plant

WtE plant

Re-refining plant

Cement plant

Waste oil collection and transportation

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11

2nd scenario (part of waste oil from goes to regeneration in Finland)

Waste oil generation in

Finland

Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region

and Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Waste oil collection and transportation

Small boilerSmall boiler

Small boiler

Reclamation plant

WtE plant

Re-refining plant

Cement plant

Waste oil collection and transportation

Transboundary movement

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3rd scenario (100 % collection rate)

Waste oil generation in Finland Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region and

Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Waste oil collection and transportation

Incineration in industrial installations

Reclamation plant

WtE plant

Re-refining plant

Cement plant

Waste oil collection and transportation

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4th scenario (100% collection rate + regeneration in Finland )

13

Waste oil generation in

Finland

Waste oil generation in Lenigrad Region

and Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Waste oil collection and transportation

Reclamation plant

WtE plant

Re-refining plant

Cement plant

Waste oil collection and transportation

Transboundary movement

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Environmental impacts of studied systems

14

5.35E+06 2.93E+06

-4.91E+05 -5.33E+06

-1.0E+08

-8.0E+07

-6.0E+07

-4.0E+07

-2.0E+07

0.0E+00

2.0E+07

4.0E+07

6.0E+07

8.0E+07

1.0E+08

Global Warming Potential (100 years) [kg CO2-Equiv.]

-2.88E+04 -4.36E+04

-9.32E+04-1.23E+05

-5.0E+05

-4.0E+05

-3.0E+05

-2.0E+05

-1.0E+05

0.0E+00

1.0E+05

2.0E+05

3.0E+05

4.0E+05

Acidification Potential [kg SO2-Equiv.]

Transportation

On-site combustion (RF)

WTE (FIN)

Incineration in cementproduction (FIN)

Incineration (RF)

Reclamation (FIN)

Re-refinery (FIN)

WO tipped (RF)

WO tipped (FIN)

Total

Environmental impacts of studied systems

15

2.55E+05

-5.95E+04

-1.83E+06

-2.46E+06

-4.0E+06

-3.0E+06

-2.0E+06

-1.0E+06

0.0E+00

1.0E+06

2.0E+06

3.0E+06

Human Toxicity Potential [kg DCB-Equiv.]Transportation

On-site combustion (RF)

WTE (FIN)

Incineration in cementproduction (FIN)

Incineration (RF)

Reclamation (FIN)

Re-refinery (FIN)

WO tipped (RF)

WO tipped (FIN)

Total

1.85E+03 1.25E+03 3.38E+02

-8.54E+02

-3.0E+04

-2.0E+04

-1.0E+04

0.0E+00

1.0E+04

2.0E+04

3.0E+04

Eutrophication Potential[kg Phosphate-Equiv.]

Significant reduction in all studied impact categories can be achieved by:

proper waste oil collection,

waste oil treatment in the official treatment plants.

Regional cooperation in waste oil management can improve the environmental performance of the studied systems.

By directing the waste oil incinerated in big industrial installations to existing re-refining plant it is possible to reduce:

GWP by 2420 t CO2/a,

AP by 15 t SO2/a,

EP by 0,6 t Phosphate/a,

HTP by 315 t DCB/a.

Regional cooperation is technically possible,

However,

it may include contradictory business interests

and it is complicated from the permission point of view.

There is need for political and economic initiatives to enable the sustainably effective use of the existing capacity for waste oil recovery.

Conclusions

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