Enzymes in Industry

Learning Objectives:• How do biological detergents work?• How are enzymes used in industry?

Quick Quiz (In back of book)

1. What is the enzyme that breaks down fats called?2. What does protease enzyme break proteins down

into?3. What are the 2 roles of bile?4. What is the optimum pH for enzymes in the

stomach to work at?5. What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRH81hfYXDY

What are enzymes used for in industry?• Biological washing

powders

• Making soft centered chocolates

• Pre-digesting baby food so babies can eat it more easily

• Making diet foods

How do you make a soft gooey center?

• The chocolate is poured over a solid mixture which contains sucrase

• Sucrase (enzyme) breaks down the sucrose into glucose and fructose

Baby foods:

Proteases are used to pre-digest some of the protein in the food.

Now the babies digestive system can cope with it better and they can get the amino acids they need from food

Carbohydrates are used to convert starch into glucose syrup.

Starch is very cheap as it is made by plants like Corn. Therefore using enzymes to convert plant starch into sweet sugar is a cheap source of sweetness

It is also used for the process of making fuel from plants

Choices

Glucose syrup is then converted into fructose syrup by Isomerase's enzyme

Glucose and fructose contain exactly the same amount of energy but fructose is much sweeter therefore much smaller amounts of it are needed to make food taste sweet so is a good diet choice.

Isomerase used in diet industry

Washing powders-Biological detergents

In the past, people boiled and scrubbed clothes to get them clean

Now…use biological detergents

Contain proteases and lipasesBreak down grime, sweat etc

Work at quite low temperatures

What would happen if the enzymes were boiled?

Why are they more environmentally friendly?

How do washing powders work?

Immobilising Enzymes• Enzymes are expensive.

• To save money they can be immobilized.

• This means that they can be filtered from the product and used again.

Advantages and disadvantages of using enzymes

High temperatures and pressures often needed for chemical reactions. Enzymes lower this as speed up reactions at quite low temperatures and pressures

Enzymes are sensitive to surroundings. If you change the pH or temp, they may not work. It costs money to control conditions

Make a poster explaining the uses of enzymes in industry

Include:Baby foodWashing powders-biological detergentsMaking sugar syrupMaking diet foodsMaking chocolates with soft fillings

Complete the worksheetCatalyze or speed up reactions

Allow reactions to occur at the same rate at lower temperatures

Less energy is used to run the industrial plant

Less warm waste materials

•Sweet production•Pre-digest baby food•Fruit juice•Tenderizing meat

Prevents the enzymes being denatured by the higher temperatures

Cannot wash at high temperatures, HIGH COST

Expensive Re-use

soluble

liquids immobilized

Non-reactive