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106 | JAVA | Vol 15 No 3 | 2010 write frequently that the Journal of the Association for Vas- cular Access is looking for new manuscripts. In fact, our very existence depends on it. Oftentimes as I am solicit- ing authors to write for JAVA I get the question “what is your impact factor?” I have to reply that “we don’t have one.” What is an impact factor? Simply, the Impact Factor (IF) is a number derived by dividing the number of citations a jour- nal receives over a period of time by the number of papers published. It is an average indicator of how frequently papers published in a particular journal are cited (Garfield, 2006). It is calculated by dividing the number of citations in a journal year by the total number of articles published in the two previous years. For instance, an impact factor of 1.0 means that, on aver- age, the articles published one or two years ago have been cited one time. An impact factor of 2.5 means that, on average, the articles published one or two years ago have been cited two and a half times (Manitoba Centre for Nursing and Health Research, 2008). Eugene Garfield, founder of the Institute for Scientific Information, devised the factor, in 1955, with the sole purpose of estimating the impact of the journal and not for assessing the impact of individual articles or individual researchers (Garfield, 2006). Journals are submitted to Thomson Reuters for selection and evaluation. Journals chosen then appear in the Journal Ci- tation Reports (JCR) published yearly. If a journal begins index- ing in 2010 it will not receive its first IF until 2012. What is the IF used for? Impact factors are used by insti- tutions to monitor or rank research activities by individual researchers or departments within their institutions. It is also used to judge the ‘quality’ of articles published in selected spe- cialties as well as the “quality’ of the journals and the impact of different specialties (Favaloro, 2009). Libraries use them to make collection decisions and authors use them when choosing where to publish. Journals with high impact factors many times will use them to elicit authors. Journal editorial departments also use them to monitor their journals and make changes if deemed appropriate. The IF is not without controversy and does have limitations. High Impact factors can infer, and not always correctly that an article is of high quality (Favaloro, 2009). Not every article in a high impact journal is of high quality. Self citation is not subtracted when the IF is calculated and authors are encour- aged by some editors and journals to self cite. A journal impact factor is not an article impact factor. Impact factors can be eas- ily manipulated. The impact factor can be related to the journal audience. For instance pure clinicians such as much of the AVA membership, read clinical articles but do not write or cite. Does JAVA need an impact factor? It is certainly something to consider. Presently IF is the only formal evaluation tool available. It may increase our manuscript submissions, but not in the short term as we would not have an impact factor for sev- eral years. There is some feeling that the impact factor may be changing. More and more information is readily available on the internet so much that it may soon not matter to which jour- nal an article is linked rather the actual paper and data (Feller, 2010; Diamandis, 2009). In the mean time with or without an impact factor JAVA will continue to solicit papers and assist potential authors to publish. References Diamandis, E. P. (2009). Journal impact factor: it will go away soon. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 47, 1317- 1318. Favaloro, E.J. (2009). The journal impact factor: don’t expect its immediate demise any time soon. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 47, 1319-1324. Feller, S. (2010). Beyond journal impact factors? Cell Com- munication and Signaling, 8,4. Garfield, E. (2006). The history and meaning of the journal im- pact factor. Journal of the American Medical Association, 295,90–93. Manitoba Centre for Nursing and Health Research (MCNHR) (2008). ISI journal impact factors and allen (CINAHL) rat- ings for faculty of nursing publications 2003-2008. Univer- sity of Manatoba. 1-31. Erratum Pg 63 summer edition under References... Hinson, E. K., & Blows, L. (1996). Skilled IV therapy clini- cian’s product evaluation of open-ended versus closed-ended valved PICC lines: A cost savings clinical report. Journal of Intravenous Nursing, 19(4), 198-210. should read Hinson, E.K., and Blough, L.......... DOI: 10.2309/java.15-3-2
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