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Low Technology vs. High Technology

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...we must at the outset take note of thecountries and climates in which buildingsare built.

Vitruvius

110BC

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The True basis for the more serious studyof the art of Architecture lies with thoseindigenous humble buildings that are toarchitecture what folklore is to literature orfolksong to music...

Frank Lloyd Wright, 1930

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Architecture without Architects...

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CLOSEDSYSTEMS

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Exponential growth in high energy useconsumables

In 30 years Residential Energy Consumption

increased 65%

Population increased 35%

Sustainable /vernacular architecture diminishes with the

availability of increasingly exotic materials and clientconsumer demand.

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legislation

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Pressures on the form of humansettlements have remained

constant since 1996 whileresponses have been inadequate inmost respects.

-Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 pp.98

The condition of some urbaninfrastructure is deteriorating, pressure

on it are increasing and Governmentresponses have not been fully adequate-Australia State of the Environment 2001 pp.99

h t i i

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rhetoric=spin

Party= commits country legally

binding

Signatory= 'in principal' agreement

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Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora (Brussels, 1964 ) Agreement establishing the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (Apia, 1993 ) Amendment of the Plant Protection Agreement for the Asia and Pacific Region (Rome, 1967 ) Amendment to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora (Art.XI) (Bonn, 1979 ) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal,

1997 )

Amendments to Annexes to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping ofWastes and Other Matter concerning Incineration at Sea (Torremolinos, 1978 ) Amendments to Articles 6 and 7 of the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance

especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Regina(Canada), 1987 ) Comprehensive Nuclear Test - Ban Treaty (New York, 1996 ) Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (Paris, 1972 ) Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (Canberra, 1993 ) Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio de Janeiro, 1992 )

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar,1971 )

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (New York, 1966 ) International Tropical Timber Agreement (Geneva, 1994 ) The Antarctic Treaty (Washington, 1959 ) Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty on Environmental Protection (Madrid, 1991 )

party

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signatory

Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of theSea relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory FishStocks (New York, 1995 )

Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (Vienna, 1997 ) Convention to ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of Hazardous Wastes and Radioactive

Wastes and to control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within theSouth Pacific (Waigani, 1995 )

Energy Charter Protocol on Energy Efficiency and related Environmental Aspects (Lisbon, 1994 )

Energy Charter Treaty (Lisbon, 1994 ) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships ( MARPOL ) (London, 1973 ) International Convention relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-going Ships (Brussels,

1957 ) International Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and

or Desertification (Paris, 1994 ) Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste

Management (Vienna, 1997 ) Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (Kyoto, 1997 ) Protocol for the Prevention of Pollution of the South Pacific Region by Dumping (Nouma, 1986 ) Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter

(London, 1996 ) Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and

Pesticides in International Trade (Rotterdam, 1998 )

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By 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under thisProtocol

Formulate, where relevant and to the extent possible, cost-effective national and, whereappropriate, regional programmes to improve the quality of local emission factors,

Formulate, implement, publishand regularly update national and, where appropriate,regional programmes containing measures to mitigate climate change and measures to

facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change:

(i) Such programmes would, inter alia, concern the energy, transport andindustry sectors as well as agriculture, forestry and waste management. Furthermore,

adaptation technologies and methods for improving spatialplanning would improve adaptation to climate change;