SPANISH GRAMMAR BOOKDino Morgan

-é -amos

-aste -asteís -ó -aron

El Pretérito

-ar verbs-í -imos

-iste -isteís -ío -ieron

-er/ir verbs

• Beginning/Ending of an action• Definitive action• Specific time• trigger words

Trigger Palabras

AyerAnte ayerAnocheEl otro diaEl pasadoEntoncesesta mañana esta tardeHace…Queesta mañana

Car/Gar/Zar pretirite verbos Yo form only for changes. Changes to keep the original sound

of the verb Only affects the endings of the

verbs.

-car becomes qué, ex. SacarSaqué-gar becomes gué, ex. JugarJugué Zar becomes cé, ex. AlmorzarAlmorcé

“Spock” Verbs

Ser and Ir

Fuí Fuimos

Fuiste Fuisteís

Fué Fuieron

Dar and Ver

-í -imos

-iste -isteís

-ió -ieron

HacerHice HicimosHiciste Hicisteís

Hizo Hicieron

í

•Irregular preirite VerbsConsist of Ser, Ir, Dar, Ver, HacerSimilarities between Ser and Ir, Dar and Ver.

Snake/Snakey Verbs

Changes in the third person

Snake verbs all will have e change to i.

Ex. Servir to Sirvió

• Changes in the third person

• Snaky verbs all will have i changed to y. Ex. Oir to Oyo.

Cucaracha Pretirite verbs.

Change beginnings with some having differenet endings.

Andar aduv

Estar estuv

Poder pud

Poner pus

Querer quis

Saber sup

Tener tuv

Venir vin

Conducir conduj

Producir produj

Traducir traduj

Decir dij

Traer traj

Cucaracha endings

-e -imos

-iste -isteis

-o -ieron

El Imperfecto

Action not necessarily completed, or not said if it was completed or not.

Continuous action Describes what

something was, if it is different now.

Same singular third person and first person endings for all regular verbs

-er/ir verb endings

-ía -íamos

-ías -íais

-ía -ían

-ar verb endings

-aba -ábamos

-abas -abais

-aba -aban

El Imperfecto triggers

todos los dias

cada dia

cada mes

siempre

Nunca

a veces

muchas veces

frecuentemente

a menudo

casi siempre

todo el tiempo

Generalmente

Irregular Imperfects

Ir

iba íbamos

ibas -ibais

iba -iban

Ver

Veía veíamos

Veías Veíais

Veía Veían

Ser

era éramos

eras erais

era eran

Preterite vs. Imperfect

Preterite Definite time in

the past Action has

completed, or has a definite time

Imperfect• Not always a

definite time in the past

• Action is either not stated when it ended, or it is still ongoing

Verbs like Gustargradar

convenir

disgustar

doler

encantar

enfadar

extrañar

faltar

fascinar

importar

impresionar

interesar

molestar

parecer

preocupar

quedar

sobrar

sorprender

Verbs used like Gustar, with a pronoun in front of them according to the doer of the action, and the tense being that of what the action is based

on.

Ex. Me molesta mi hermano porque a mi hermano le duele sus brazos

Comparatives/Superlatives

Used to compare objects

Mainly consists of a word + adjective + que/de

Mas Adjectivo Que

Menos Adjectivo Que

El/la mas Adjectivo De

El/la menos Adjectivo De

Irregular comparatives/superlatives When used, no

adjective is used, just replacement word + que/de

Word ReplacesMejor BuenoPeor MaloMajor ViejoMenor Joven

Uses of Ser

Estar

Transition words

No obstante Nevertheless

Aunque Even though

También Also

Mientras While

A pesar de In spite of

Pero But

Por lo tanto Therefore

Sin embargo Nevertheless

•Used to begin a sentenceAllows a smooth transition from sentence to sentence, adds emphasis to certain details

El Futuro

Anything that will happen.

Infinitive + ending, different than the changing of the ending for other infinitives

Also unique with the ending all being the same for all regular verbs.

El Futuro

é emos

ás éis

á án

Future Trigger words

Mañana El proximo de… (mañana, tarde,

noche, etc. En ___ semanas, en ___ horas, etc.

Future irregularsDecir Dir

Hacer Har

Poner Pondr

Salir Saldr

Tener Tendr

Valer Valdr

Venir Vendr

Poder Podr

Quierer Querr

Saber Sabr

Caber Cabr

Haber Habr

Por

General terms

Passing through

Location

Cause

Length of time

In exchange

Transportation

Doing something instead of

Para

Destination For whom you do something for Why something is done Comparing To express an opinion To express a deadline