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Agricultural Techniques in India and thecondition of farmers, Comment.

INDIA has been known to be an Agrarian country since centuries. Her great physiography, climate,latitude, etc. has led to the production of great varieties of food consumed.

Since ancient times, man has been practising agriculture and also other activities like the animal

husbandry, poultry, etc. but the difference here is that he carried out Shifting !ultivation until when

the time came in that he learned to grow crops using different techni"ues on one same land only.

#his is how stability came into their life.

 Agriculture has also been one of the ma$or reasons for the %ritish, &rench, Dutch, and 'ortuguese to

come and settle down in India for years. %ut today the scenario has changed. (lobalisation has

brought in some positive and also some negative change within society and the activities. )n one

hand, the scope of agriculture has widened, while on other*its contribution to Indias total nationalincome has come down.

Historically over +- land is suitable for raising crops but over /- out of it has been laid waste by

poor management practices. #he fre"uent climatic changes taking place has caused damage and a

great loss to the farmers wherein committing suicide is found to be the best solution to this problem

for them. )n the other side, some have found in new techni"ues and new varieties of crops as well.

Due to growing population there is more need for food and due to urbani0ation there is more

demand for land so producing more in less available and cultivable land is a great challenge.

Nowadays, )rganic &arming, 1ertical &arming, 2ulticrop &arming, (reenhouse &arming, 'olytunnel

or 'olyhouse &arming, #errace &arming, etc. are practised on a large scale.

)rganic farming is an agricultural form that relies on !rop 3otation, (reen 2anure, !ompost,

%iological 'est !ontrol and also 2echanical !ultivation. #his helps to maintain soil "uality and also

limits use of synthetic fertili0ers and pesticides. #he growth of market for organic products since

44, has led to the demand for organic farming.

2ulti crop farming helps farmers to avail money from different types of crops and it also helps to

enhance the fertility of the soil. #his almost gives farmers an opportunity for continuous income.

5hile green house farming not being a that very new concept, has been used in nurseries,

floriculture industry, etc. #hese farms help controlled and favourable environment for the crops togrow in all seasons and also reduces consumption of irrigation water. 6ow* cost, medium* cost and

hi*tech green house are the different types of greenhouses found.

#he 'olyhouse or 'olytunnel farming meaning cultivating crops under protected conditions has

advantages and also disadvantages. 5hereas terrace farming is mostly carried out in city area. India

has thus been since years the largest producers of various agricultural products like &resh &ruits,

7ute, !otton, 3ice, 5heat, (roundnuts, #ea, !offee, etc. etc.

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#he ma$or problems of farmers have been large families that is the land is fragmented into small

portions among the family members which reduces its productivity power and also less "uantity gets

produced. Seeds, e8cess use of fertili0ers and pesticides, lack of irrigation method i.e less

availability of proper water, lack of skills and mechanism, etc has also been reasons affecting

farming and the farmers. #here are also few economic related problems like inade"uate transport,

inade"uate storage, scarcity of capital, agricultural marketing and much more.

#he general stores selling every type of product are taking in all customers of the vendors selling

their produce in general markets. #his can also be considered as a reason for less price to

agricultural produce sold in markets as compared to the price in malls or general stores.

&or this scenario to be changed the farmers in India need to adopt new techni"ues, the government

needs to give a good price for the farmers produce. #heres a need for giving employment to people

in an organised sector and also implementing properly the various policies planned and designed for 

the betterment of farmers. #he farmers should be given opportunity to contribute in the planning for 

the policies for them as a person who has actual e8perience in this field can bring out better solutions than the one who has $ust seen it.

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Water Crisis and the Monsoon Factor inIndia, Discuss the necessary measures.

India is largely a tropical country, with nearly two*thirds of its population eking out its meagre livingon agriculture. Agricultures contribution in our economy is 9.4 per cent. #herefore one can infer 

that our agriculture is a problem*silencer and problem*adder, the former because where the

employment is hidden by disguised employment and the latter because large amount of our work*

force goes waste because of the dismal productivity. Discounting all these negativities, the fact of the

matter remains that ours is predominantly an agricultural economy. &arming community in India

derives its life*blood from the monsoon*dependent agriculture. 'eople work hard, put in consistent

efforts but at the end of the day, the returns remain uncertain, and no less elusive. #he primary

reason for the uncertainty is our uneven and uncertain water resources. 5here large swathes of 

land remain dry for large parts of the year, some months give farmers a big worry by floods and their 

regular unseemliness.

5ater*crisis in our country is an ever*pervading reality. 2any a people die, directly and indirectly,

because of water deficiency, water depletion and water sufficiency but having become poison. 5ith

increasing subsistence and use of water, it is no rocket*science to understand that a substantial

number of our north*Indian perennial rivers have either become dead, near*dead or heavily polluted.

#he e8ample of a dead river in recent times is Hindon river :;ero %)D< in western =ttar 'radesh,

>amuna of Delhi is a near*dead river and our mighty (anga, despite its large carrying capacity, is a

heavily*polluted river. #he pollution of rivers has only made our worst fears come true and has

shattered our lives in general and of farmers in particular. #he impact of pollution and subse"uent

water crisis in (anga on North*India can be measured from the sentence, ?5hat is brain for humanmachine, (anga is for Northern plains. 5hen brain is dead, the patient is brain*dead.?

5ater crisis in India is also deeply entrenched because of our mindless and historical over*reliance

on 2onsoon, which comes at its own will and goes at its own, sometimes clicks and sometimes

strikes, sometimes earlier and sometimes delayed. #hough, it is veritably true that 2onsoon has

been the historical cornerstone of our agriculture but the absence, resulting out of reluctance of 

subse"uent regimes, of any concrete game plan to mitigate the effects of the gaps and inade"uacies

in the monsoons has made 2onsoon our weak point. #hough there have been in place certain

measures like 3ashtriya @isan 1ikas >o$ana and other subsidies in place to help the farmers but the

0ilch progress on setting the structure of the agriculture is the real grave problem. 'resentgovernments scheme 3ashtriya @rishi Sinchaaye >o$ana for irrigation to agriculture is a step in the

right direction. Similarly ?per drop more crop? is a positive step to ensure effective utili0ation of water.

Sprinkler irrigation on a country*wide scale can also help.

Since water*crisis has a direct impact on us all in general and poor agriculturists in particular, it is

imperative to keep the interests of the Indian farmers, largely having small landholdings, in mind, on

the forefront. #here is a pro$ect named National 3iver 6inking 'ro$ect :N36'

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previous NDA government, which is being looked into a*new. &rom how it has been designed, one

can say that it may provide some kind of succour to the regions which e8perience a deficient rainfall

and no*temporary water crisis like %undelkhand of =' and ad$oining region of 2' :where Sesame,

 Arhar, Soyabean etc are grown

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Global !Waste Monitor "e#ort

*waste is a term used to cover all items of electrical and electronic e"uipment and its parts that

have been discarded by its owner as waste without the intent of re*use, also known as 5

:5aste lectrical and lectronic "uipment

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such to8ins include impaired mental development, cancer, and damage to livers and kidneys, the

report added.

However, they are likely to be the gap between the e*waste generated, officially collected and the e*

waste in the waste bin. )fficial data for the trans boundary movement of e*waste :mostly from

developed to developing countries< are unknown.

?#he monitor provides a baseline for national policymakers, producers and the recycling industry, to

plan take*back systems. It can also facilitate cooperation around controlling illegal trade, supporting

necessary technology development and transfer, and assisting international organi0ations,

governments and research institutes in their efforts as they develop appropriate countermeasures.

?#his will eventually lead to improved resource efficiency while reducing the environmental and

health impacts of e*waste.?

3ecyclable 2aterials in e*waste are valuable, secondary resources, and this ?=rban 2ine? needs to

be e8plored by efficient and environmental system. In the mean time, to8ic material in e*5aste are

harmful to the environment, and this ?to8ic mine? need to be taken care of by proper handling system

as well.

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China$s refusal to aid %e#al due toIndian Military &resence in %e#al, is it

 'ustified(It has always been a matter of fact that most of the times even a natural cause of humanitarian crisis

are taken on the grounds of political advantage or motive. #he similar instance happened in Nepal,

which was shook by the disastrous earth"uake that took place on April B/th. Amid such wide spread

impact on the lives of people, killing more than + and in$uring above B, with scores of bodies

still to be recovered.

#he Indian government was the first to active it�s synapses and get involved in the rescue

operation within si8 hours of the impact. India was followed by !hina which also endeavored a brisk

attempt to the rescue effort. #his is when controversies have been raised when !hina claimed and at

the meantime showed reluctance to aid Nepal $ust because of India�s military presence. It is true

that Indo*!hinese relationship for decades is not on the right track. And over the past few months

being hassled by border disputes and other engagement related issues over the Indian )cean and

the subcontinent.

!hina has always had an eye on Nepal for it�s own advantage. In BC !hina overtook India as the

biggest foreign direct investor in Nepal in a very unconventional and unfriendly way intensifying the

speculations about !hina�s unfriendly nature. 2any countries all over the world have sought help

to Nepal and they very well accomplished their $obs. !hina should also have focused on that point

rather than dragging implicitly all the disputes with India on the grounds of Nepal, making it more

victimi0ed where the toll kept on rising every single day.

#he "uestion of ethics and humanity is raised over here is that*Does !hina always endeavors a

motive of political gain or profit irrespective of the conditions of any countryG Indian military was in

Nepal not to challenge !hina but to help out its residents in every way possible. How come !hina

was having problem from thisG It is really very saddening that !hina, one of the leading growing

economies in Asia is ready to compete with India, that too on the grounds of Nepal which was shortly

eradicated with all types of developmental aspects. #his could never be $ustified for !hina or any

other country showing such apathy towards humanity. Humanity should prevail over every other 

priority and that is what !hina ought to have forgotten.

India and !hina have a glorious history and similarly Nepal is amalgamated with ma$ority of two

religions that is Hinduism and %uddhism, making it a sister country of both. Aspects related to

development should always be there in every country but when a country is facing such severe crisis

like Nepal at present. #he superior ones should always lend a helping hand to them irrespective of 

any profit motive. #here are several prospects which the government of every nation should follow.

#hese are they should all possess the capability to learn from their histories both bad and good and

to rectify the former in the future. #he principle of humanity should be clear to all and should be

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prevailing over every other priority. All should maintain friendliness, cooperation, peaceful

movements and competition for development in a bona fide way. (reat leaders have always spoken

that humanity is greater than religion and it should encapsulate all.

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Go)ernment$s *++,+++ M- olarnergy &lan, Discuss

#he world is facing a grave crisis of climate change caused by the e8cessive emission of greenhouse gases due to human activities. In tropical countries like India, the manifestation of climate

change has been in form of deadly heat waves, drought, flash floods unseasonal rains and so on

which claims hundreds of lives each year. It is the poor farmers, labourers, construction workers and

homeless who suffer the most. About 9- of this green house gases are emitted by power plants. In

the Indian culture we consider Sun as a (od and we have turned towards him to help us to mitigate

the problem of climate change to an e8tent. #he (overnment of India aims to install 25

capacity of solar power by the year BBB. #his will provide us with clean energy without any green

house gas emissions. However, the "uestion in front of us is that can India achieve such an

ambitious target of installing 25 of solar power in seven yearsG #his "uestion must be

answered. #his is because if this feat is achieved then it will be a great boost towards our goal of 

energy security. It will also help us reduce air pollution and green house gas emissions and mitigate

climate change. #he poor farmers whose crops are being destroyed due to erratic behavior of the

weather will get some respite. &inally, it will make India a leader on the world stage in terms of solar 

energy $ust as (ermany is in terms of wind energy. However, if we fail, then it will only lead to

wastage of resources which otherwise could have been invested in research and development to

search for other solutions to our problems. Although the goal is very challenging, it is achievable

provided we are able to meet some of the challenges which stand in our way.

(eography of India is such that it is perfect for solar power production. %eing in the tropical and

subtropical region, it receives about 9B 5FmB of energy e"uivalent to about / trillion unitsannually. States like 3a$asthan, (u$rat, #elangana, @arnataka and so on which have barren lands,

which cannot be used for agriculture, are well suited for setting up solar power plants.

#he policy scenario in India is e8tremely conducive to solar power production. #he government is

providing ta8 incentives for investors setting up solar power plant and lower custom duties for import

of solar power e"uipments. #he procedures for setting up solar power plants have been greatly

simplified and the clearances are obtained smoothly to reduce the delays.

#he support for solar industry is not only coming from Indian government but also from foreign

countries that recogni0e the threat of climate change, thanks to the I'!! reports. #he =N has

devised various mechanisms like @yoto protocol using which the countries can provide support for 

solar industry in India to mitigate the effects of climate change. 1ery recently there was 3enewable

nergy !onference organi0ed in India where solar power got lot of investment promises from

companies like Sundison and Adani power.

However, as mentioned earlier, the task ahead of us is very daunting. #he current installed capacity

of solar power in India is about 9 25. #aking it to 25 in E years will be a feat in itself.

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#he technology for solar power is still e8pensive and the cost of power comes out to be minimum 3s

E compared to thermal power which costs 3s 9*C per unit. Indian lower and middle class may not

agree to pay high rates. #he solar power will be available during the day while peak demands in

India is during the night. #he technology for storing electricity is e8pensive and may add to the cost.

#he (rid in India is very unstable and weak and might not be able to absorb the solar power 

generated.

#he problems listed above mainly have to do with e8pensive technology and infrastructure

weakness. #hese problems are comple8 but solvable. India can use funding from (reen !limate

&und and loans from 5orld %ank and newly opened New Development %ank and Asian

Infrastructure Investment %ank to strengthen the power grid and remove other infrastructural

bottlenecks. 'latforms like =N&!!! can be used to get solar technologies from developing

countries at lower costs under the principles of !%D3 which will lead to lower cost of solar power.

#he development of solar energy is imperative for India. It can be used to partly solve the problem of 

climate change which affects all but most severely the poor and vulnerable. If the governmentadopts the right plan and e8ecutes it well utili0ing the global partnership for action against climate

change, India will definitely reach its goal of 25 of solar power by BBB and the sun of solar 

energy will shine brightly in India.

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Is the youth of India s/ayed by the useof social media in #olitics.

5ith proliferation of social media into the masses there has been "uite a tectonic change in themindset of the society as a whole and this change is visible in the way our general elections have

been conducted in recent times. 'oliticians today reali0e that they need to harness the power of 

youth and social media. In modern times, social media has played a mammoth role as a

communication channel between the politicians and the public and has helped in connecting the two.

7ust about a decade ago, the newer technologies neither attracted the audience nor the officials,

who were busy in giving traditional interviews to age old media outlet. India�s large population and

increasing teledensity especially in urban pockets has spurred impressive $ump of people online and

that has resulted in political parties beginning to harness the power of social media, taking a leaf out

of %arack )bama�s online 'residential electioneering book.

I believe social technologies are now fast moving out of the research labs into real life monitoring of 

people�s reaction to politics, policy and rapid responses to crisis situations. In the recent years we

have seen how social networking has been at centre stage of dramatic rise of Narendra 2odi from

an ordinary citi0en to the !hief 2inister of (u$arat and finally becoming the 'rime 2inister of largest

democracy of the world. %ack in BB when his (overnment came to power in (u$arat, he became

the first !2 to interact with the audience through an online medium. His movement gained high

popularity so much so that 2odihangout became a trending topic and similarly his misssionBEB

stormed the virtual and political world. He reali0ed that the rules of the games have changed and

walking shoulder to shoulder with the youth of the color emerged as a game changer for his political

career.

&urther it has not been long when Anna Ha0are started the 6ok 'all %ill movement and it didn�t

take time for fire of unity to spread among Indians through the most widespread mean the �virtual

media�. 1olunteers, social workers, activists, students and even artists came together in a fight

against corruption. #witter and facebook in particular proved to be one of the liveliest

communications platforms for mobili0ing youth and shifting them around. Desire to form a corruption

free government led to the emergence of a hero in the form of Arvind @e$riwal who formed a fairy tale

ma$ority administration in Delhi with their backbone being youth. 'ublic media has the power to

mould the plastic minds of the youth. #his was again demonstrated by the Delhi Nirbhaya case

which gained humongous popularity principally through social media. Immense advertisements,

cartoons, $okes, debates, articles as well as blogs which are being viewed day in and day out by the

people of all the ages have led to a whole new governance. Due to this, officials who were once

sceptical about the use of social media are embracing it now with much more comfort.

#he rapid growth of social media in recent years means people are e8posed to an abundance of 

information. very day we are witnessing various political groups online, circulating a blog post

about political issue or forwarding political videos to friends thus making each other more politically

aware. It is also affirmed that if our friends share an article, they are more likely to be read and get

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interested in the topic, giving evidence of peer effects in sociali0ation. Dominance of social media as

the preferred mode of ac"uisition of political information by young people is indisputable and their 

political knowledge is positively influenced by it. #ime and again it has been proved that

parliamentary knowledge and political interest of the youth is interlinked and this is the reason why in

recent times we are seeing substantial number of young people across racial and ethnic divide

engaging in �participatory politics�. 3ise of several younger politicians are perfect e8amples to

prove the above stated point. As leaders they have interacted and connected with the youth and

have emerged as ma$or forces in the world of Indian politics, mainly predominated by elderly age

group.

In an era when public�s time and attention is increasingly directed towards social media platforms it

is important to reali0e how young people especially youth of the color are using new media to

amplify their voices in the political realm that need not be only elections or governance but also

various other matters that may affect a larger society. #his new trend has turned feeble voices into a

roar and has caused individuals to act, taking our country by a storm.

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Gold Moneti0ation cheme 1GM2,Discuss.

Seeking to mobili0e idle gold worth up to 3s lakh crore held by households and institutions,government proposed a new scheme offering ta8*free interest on depositing the yellow metal with

banks.

#he draft gold moneti0ation scheme also provides for incentives to the banks, while individuals and

institutions can deposit as low as 9 gms of gold, while the interest earned on it would be e8empt

from income ta8 as well as capital gains ta8.

#he stock of gold in India that is held by people of the country that is neither traded nor moneti0ed

is estimated to be over B, tonnes, which would be worth about 3s lakh crore at the current

market price.

India is one of the largest consumers of gold in the world and imports as much as +*, tonnes

of the metal each year.

 As per the draft guidelines, a person or institution holding surplus gold can get it valued from %IS*

approved hallmarking centers, open a (old savings Account in banks for a minimum period of one

year and earn interest in either cash or gold units.

#he scheme, which is proposed to be initially introduced only in select cities.

?#he new scheme will allow the depositors of gold to earn interest in their metal accounts and the

 $ewelers to obtain loans in their metal account. %anksFother dealers would also be able to moneti0e

this gold.?

#he proposed scheme is aimed at moneti0ing idle gold held by households and institutions provide a

fillip to the gems and $ewellery sector and reduce reliance on import of the metal over time to meet

the domestic demand.

?#he amount of interest rate to be given is proposed to be left to the banks to decide. %oth principal

and interest to be paid to the depositors of gold will be valued in gold.

It added, as an e8ample, that if a customer deposits gms of gold and gets per cent interest,

then, on maturity he has a credit of gms.

5ith regard to redemption, the guidelines said that customers will have the option of getting it back

either in cash or in gold which will have to be e8ercised at the time of making deposit.

#he tenure of the scheme has been proposed at a minimum year and with a roll out option in

multiples of one year, it said, adding that it would be like a fi8ed deposit, breaking of lock*in period

will be allowed.?#o incentivi0e banks, it is proposed that they may be permitted to deposit the mobili0ed gold as part

of their !33FS63 re"uirements with 3%I. #his aspect is still under e8amination,? it said.

!ash 3eserve 3atio :!33< and Statutory 6i"uidity 3atio :S63< are mandatory re"uirement which

banks have to follow as per 3%I directive.

laborating other benefits of the scheme, the guidelines said, banks may sell the gold to generate

foreign currency. #he foreign currency thus generated can then be used for onward lending to

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e8porters or importers.

%ank may convert mobili0ed gold into coins for onward sale to their customers and can be used for 

lending to $ewelers, it said.

#he government is also planning to commence work on developing an Indian (old !oin, which will

carry the Ashok !hakra on its face.

5hile there is a mention about ?mobili0e the gold held by households and institutions in the country?,

the real impact and benefit of this measure in terms of providing a ma$or boost to the Indian

economy by release of the idle funds locked in these gold assets and its (ross Domestic 'roduct

:(D'< multiplier effect has not been highlighted. &urther, with India presently importing over +/ �

4/ tons, mobili0ation under this Scheme will also enable in bringing down gold imports significantly

over a period of time, which will also provide a ma$or relief to the !urrent Account Deficit being faced

in the balance of payments in foreign e8change by the !ountry.

#he present draft of the Scheme does not bring out this ob$ective and intent clearly and forcefully

and as such unless this is redrafted and re*positioned in a proper manner, the Scheme�s ob$ectives

and ultimately the Scheme itself may get diluted.=ltimately, scheme of gold is to boost the Indian economy using rest of the gold of India and getting

the foreign currencies.

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The "ole of %ational Tiger conser)ationAuthority.

2rs. Indira (andhi used to say ?#he tiger cannot be preserved in isolation. It is at the ape8 of a largeand comple8 biotope. Its habitat, threatened by human intrusion, commercial forestry and cattle

gra0ing, must first be made inviolate?.

#he tiger, Indias national animal, is a symbol that is an intrinsic part of our culture. )ne of the

earliest portrayals of the tiger in India is found in the Harappan seals from the Indus valley culture,

dating back to B/ %!, which depict an intricate association between people and tigers. India is

one of the thirteen tiger range countries and has the largest number of source sites with wild tigers.

#he Indian government has always made #iger protection a priority and 'ro$ect #iger, launched in

the early seventies, has put the endangered tiger on a definite path to recovery.

"ole of %ational Tiger Conser)ation Authority3

i. Anti*poaching initiatives

ii. Strengthening infrastructure within tiger reserves

iii. Habitat improvement and water development

iv. Addressing man*animal conflicts

v. !o*e8istence agenda in buffer F fringe areas with landscape approach

vi. Deciding inviolate spaces and relocation of villages from crucial tiger habitats within a

timeframe by providing a better relocation package, apart from supporting States for

settlement of rights of such people

vii. 3ehabilitation of traditional hunting tribes living in and around tiger reserves

viii. 'roviding support to States for research and field e"uipments

i8. Supporting States for staff development and capacity building in tiger reserves.

8. 2ainstreaming wildlife concerns in tiger bearing forests outside tiger reserves, and fostering

corridor conservation in such areas through restorative strategy involving local people to

arrest fragmentation of habitats.

8i. 'roviding safeguards F retrofitting measures in and around tiger reserves and tiger bearing

forests for wildlife conservation.

8ii. Strengthening the infrastructure of National #iger !onservation Authority at the !entre.

8iii. !arrying out independent monitoring and the evaluation of tiger reserves.

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8iv. stablishment and development of eight new tiger reserves.

8v. 'rovision of pro$ect allowance to all categories of staff working in tiger reserves.

8vi. 'roviding residential amenities to facilitate basic education to children of frontline field staff

posted in tiger reserves.

8vii. 'roviding assistance to States for fostering ecotourism to benefit local people.

%TCA accom#lished 4ey Milestones and Ma'or achie)ements3

&rom nine tiger reserves in 4E9, it e8panded to 94 tiger reserves in B. In the early eighties, it

undertook path breaking radio*telemetry study. #he recent All India #iger stimation, using a peer 

reviewed internationally recogni0ed scientific methodology, highlights the achievement of 'ro$ect

#iger by showing that viable tiger population e8ists only in 'ro$ect #iger areas, while outside

populations are highly depleted. )ver the years, the 'ro$ect envisioned a core*buffer*corridor 

strategy. 5hile the core area of a tiger reserve is managed for wildlife conservation, the buffer is

treated as a multiple use 0one.

'ro$ect #iger has saved the endangered tiger from e8tinction, and has put the species on an assured

path to recovery by improving the protection and status of its habitat. #he core buffer strategy of 

'ro$ect #iger has provided scope for eliciting local public support through site specific eco*

development in the bufferFfringe areas. #he 'ro$ect has contributed towards several intangible

environmental benefits to society, such as absorption of carbon dio8ide, improvement of micro

climate, rainfall and river flow. #he 'ro$ect has generated considerable wages for the benefit of 

fringe dwelling communities, who are deployed as local work force for protection. 5hile conserving

the flagship species, the 'ro$ect has saved several other species of plants and animals from

e8tinction. #he local communities are benefiting from eco*tourism apart from eco developmentalinputs in fringe areas. #he 'ro$ect has served as a role model for wildlife management planning,

habitat restoration, protection and eco*development. States have been provided funding support for 

enhancing protection through deployment of local work force, e8*army personnel. #he field staff have

been provided allowance as an incentive for working in difficult conditions. Independent monitoring

of tiger reserves has been undertaken by a panel of e8perts, based on the framework of the 5orld

!ommission of 'rotected Areas of the International =nion for !onservation of Nature and Natural

3esources :I=!N

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"5Is trategic Debt "estructuringcheme

INTRODUCTION:

Indian %anks are witnessing rising N'As :Non*'erforming Assets< due to the slowdown in the Indianeconomy and high interest costs. #he 3eserve %ank of India has introduced various measures for 

controlling N'As in the %ank including Asset 3econstruction !ompanies, SA3&SI Act, 7oint

6enders &orum :76&

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o  At the time of initial restructuring, 7oint 6ender &orums will incorporate, in the terms and

conditions attached to the restructured loanFs agreed with the borrower, an option to convert

the entire loan :including unpaid interest

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"5I has #ro)ided the follo/ing ad)antages to the 5an6ers to ensure the trategic Debt

"estructuring cheme is ado#ted by the 5an6ers aggressi)ely3

o )n conversion of debt to e"uity as approved under SD3 Scheme, the e8isting asset

classification of the account, as on the reference date will continue for a period of + months

from the reference date.o  Ac"uisition of shares due to the e8ecution of strategic debt restructuring scheme will be

e8empted from regulatory ceilings or restrictions on capital market e8posures, investment in

para*banking activities and intra*group e8posure.

o "uity shares ac"uired and held by banks under the SD3 scheme will be e8empt from the

re"uirement of periodic mark*to*market.

o !onversion of debt into e"uity in an enterprise by a bank may result in the bank holding

more than B- of voting power, which will normally result in an investor*associate

relationship under applicable accounting standards. However, as the lender ac"uires such

voting power in the borrower entity in satisfaction of its advances under the SD3, and the

rights e8ercised by the lenders are more protective in nature and not participative, such

investment may not be treated as investment in associate.

o )n divestment of banks holding in favour of a new promoter, the asset classification of the

account may be upgraded to Standard. &urther, at the time of divestment of their holdings to

a new promoter, banks may refinance the e8isting debt of the company considering the

changed risk profile of the company without treating the e8ercise as restructuring sub$ect to

banks making provision for any diminution in fair value of the e8isting debt on account of the

refinance.

CONC"USION:

?'ost the conversion, all lenders under the 76& must collectively hold /- or more of the

e"uity shares issued by the company,? 3%I said, adding that the invocation of SD3 will not be

treated as restructuring for the purpose of asset classification and provisioning norms.

%anks will also have to closely monitor the performance of the company. At the same time, the

banks themselves should try and sell their stake ?as soon as possible?. As and when the e"uity is

transferred to a new owner, the banks can upgrade the loan category to standard from stressed

account.

However, the lenders will continue to carry the e8isting provisions as long as they have e8posure to

the account, and as long the account is stressed in its repayment obligation. Alternatively, if thebanks manage to e8it the company completely, they can write back the e8isting provision in their

books.

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G8 ummit 9+*:, India$s "ole.

(E the group of seven is informal block of highly industriali0ed democracies. 3epresenting countrieswith more than C- of net global wealth e.g. =.S.A, =.@, 7apan, !anada, &rance, (ermany and

Italy. 'reviously known as (+, but the suspension of 3ussia, reduces it to (E in 2arch BC after 

3ussian anne8ation of !rimea, which led (E to put sanctions on 3ussia and condemns its act.

(E summit B/ in Schloss lmau has created a new chapter to many developing and developed

nations like India and !hina to be part of this group as a guest. )pens new vision for these nations

to get benefitted in its annual meeting. 5hen these highly industriali0ed nations are discussing

multifaceted problems like #errorism, nvironment, women empowerment, economic development,

global economic balance etc.

Indian foreign policies reflect its agenda for e"ual distance with multipolar world representing worldssuperpowers. 5hich has indebted Indias free global market and predictability of more economic

development nowadays.

 A (E Nations meeting so far by and large revolves around to combat with global crisis, security

threat, economic development and global economic balance etc. If its agenda for e"ual distance with

global economic market and commitment for global economic balance is followed on paper with true

spirit, as its initiative to assist South Africa will be good for third world. )therwise cold wars replaced

developed Nations desire to led them towards more economic growth without caring about

underdeveloped Nations.

)n its Cst summit of 7une B/, (E sends invitation to various countries like India and !hina to

burst as guests for their spin. India can raise not only the issues which is a problem for developing

nations, but it can also instil these countries for strong bilateral relations of which developing nations

is of desperate need. India as a leader of 9rd world representing worlds fastest economic growth

can favour the developing Nations by pushing developed Nations to stop discrimination against

underdeveloped and let them lift up their countries from poverty and pull out their people from

marginalisation, diseases, food scarcity, hunger ,weak agriculture outcome and low productivity etc.

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 Although India is not the member of (E but its role is to develop strong relation with (E Nations

while protesting the negative actions initiated by (E Nations. However India is already gaining

momentum in this sphere which can be traced by sidelined bilateral meeting of Shri Narendra 2odi

and David !ameron in Nov BC at (B summit. #he recent 'rime 2inisters eight day three Nations

visit to &rance, (ermany and !anada and bilateral partnership deal with =.S.A on 3epublic day of 

India.

#hese multilateral trade relations will abruptly ensure promotion of economic ties, trade relations,

infrastructure and cooperation in securityFdefence related matters. %y partnering these (E Nations

which is relative to Indias industrial program, will open up market for all investors at global level.

Developing Nations like India and !hina has emerged as fastest growing countries nowadays

reflected by %3I!S summit representing 9 billion people with a combined nominal (D' of 

=SL.94 trillion, putting (E Nations on competition, at the same time when (E Nations has put

sanctions on 3ussia giving little imbalance to its net global economy with fall of global market and

other global crisis. 5hich pushes (E Nations to invite more developed and developing Nations ontheir annual meeting

Due to dearth of conventional and non conventional energies like petroleum, nuclear energy and

lack of technology to generate renewable energies like wind, solar etc. India can achieve this end by

partnering these (E Nations and flourish more civil nuclear agreements and deal for to upgrade its

energy technology process. #errorism is one of the issues not only for India, but world at large

#errorism groups like Islamic state, %oko Haram and Al*Maida is a combined threat for global

security. Indias role is to hit out against terrorism as a responsibility of all countries to protest and

combat with such global security crisis.

#herefore if India acts boldly and swiftly to safeguard the interests of third world as a leader. If Indiaas a geopolitical Nation mingle the interests of third world with its own and raise the voice on behalf 

while thinking to safeguard its own trade relations and policies to ultimately train India ,prepare India

for more economic development, environment development, marines, women empowerment,

terrorism, unemployment, health care, education and infrastructure

In closing note India has to save the both sides of the coin, its policies should bind powerful nations

to put legible sanctions on developing Nations relating to carbon emissions and other hindrances to

economic development and to combat crisis of any kind collectively no matter where it emerges and

free global trade relations with india and other developing Nations .it can be a best role india should

play on every such summit or outside the summit.

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