Chapter 03 - OverviewCopyright 2001 Operation Technology, Inc.
All Rights Reserved This manual has copyrights by Operation Technology, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Operation Technology, Inc. The Licensee may copy portions of this documentation only for the exclusive use of Licensee. Any reproduction shall include the copyright notice. This exception does not allow copies to be made for other persons or entities, whether or not sold. Under this law, copying includes translating into another language. Certain names and/or logos used in this document may constitute trademarks, service marks, or trade names of Operation Technology, Inc. or other entities. • Access, Excel, ODBC, SQL Server, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows Me, Windows
98, Windows XP, and Microsoft Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. • AutoCad is a registered trademark of Autodesk. • Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation. • PowerPlot is a registered trademark of Jackson & Associates. • Crystal Reports is a registered trademark of Seagate Software. • MATLAB and Simulink are registered trademarks of MathWorks • Screen shot(s) reprinted by permission from Microsoft Corporation. Operation Technology, Inc. believes that the information contained herein is accurate as of its publication date, and such information is subject to change without notice. This information is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non- infringement. Operation Technology, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this publication or any other documents referenced in this publication.
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Chapter 3
Overview
PowerStation organizes your work on a project basis. Each project provides all the necessary tools and support for modeling and analyzing an electrical power system. A project consists of an electrical system that requires a unique set of electrical components and interconnections. In PowerStation, each project provides a set of users, user access controls, and a separate database in which its elements and connectivity data are stored.
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Overview Introduction Access to an existing project file is through a special project file with an .oti extension. The program database is stored through ODBC into a database file such as Microsoft Access (*.mdb). These files work together to provide access control and storage for each project and are named exactly like your project. PowerStation places all output reports from your program into the same sub-directory where the database resides. With PowerStation you can graphically build one-line diagrams and underground raceway systems and perform load flow, short-circuit, motor starting, transient stability, protective device coordination, and cable derating studies of your electrical system. The engineering properties of each circuit element can be edited directly from the one-line diagram and/or underground raceway system. Calculation results are displayed on the one-line diagram for your convenience. One of the powerful features of PowerStation is the data integration of cables. A cable not only contains data representing its electrical properties but it also contains the physical routing information to indicate the raceways through which it is routed. PowerStation also contains built-in libraries that are easily accessible from project files. In addition, you can add to the existing library data or create new libraries. This Chapter includes the following sections: • One-Line Diagram • Underground Raceway System (UGS) • Ground Grid Systems • Panel Systems • Dumpster • Library • Cable System • 3-D Database • Project View • Project Toolbar • Mode Toolbar • Configuration Toolbar • PSMS Toolbar • Study Case Toolbar • Message Log In the next three pages maps are provided to describe the general structure and user interface of PowerStation. These maps include: • ETAPmap – Edit Mode • ETAPmap – Study Mode • ETAPmap – Motor Starting
Operation Technology, Inc. 3-2 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
Overview ETAP Map – Edit Mode
PSMS
Control
Schedule Report Manager
Crystal Reports
Display Options
for Edit Mode.
Can be expanded or reduced.
Project View Create new
and manipulate one-line diagrams
Configurations, and Study Cases; access Dumpster, Libraries and all
elements.
entry field.
One-Line Diagram
Select Mode
Edit Mode: Drag/Drop & Connect Elements Study Mode: Load Flow, Short-Circuit, … etc.
Menu Bar
Project Toolbar
Files, Printing, Cut, Copy, Paste, Zooming, Grid, Continuity Check, Calculator & Help
Select Status Configuration
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Overview ETAP Map - Study Mode
Operation Technology, Inc. 3-4 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
Overview ETAP Map – Motor Starting
Motor Starting Study
Study Mode.
Nested Networks
Open Composite Motors or Networks to see the results in various units.
Time Slider
diffe es. Display study results on the one-line diagram at
rent simulation tim
Motor Starting Study Case Toolbar
Select & edit Motor Starting Study Cases, set output report file name, & select formats to view Crystal Reports or text reports of motor starting results.
Run Dynamic
Acceleration or
Overview One-Line Diagram
3.1 One-Line Diagram PowerStation provides a fully graphical editor to construct your one-line diagram. From the One-Line Diagram Edit Toolbar, you can graphically add, delete, move, or connect elements; zoom in or out; display grid on or off; change element size, orientation, symbol, or visibility; enter properties; set operating status; etc.
You can use composite networks and motors with unlimited nesting capabilities to create uncluttered and easy to follow one-line diagrams. Composite networks allow up to 20 connections from outside the network, making them very flexible so they can be used in a variety of configurations. Note that the nesting capabilities of a one-line diagram do not affect the calculation results in any way. Calculation programs consider all one-line diagram components nested to any level.
Operation Technology, Inc. 3-6 ETAP PowerStation 4.0
Overview Underground Raceway System
3.2 Underground Raceway System (UGS) PowerStation provides a fully graphical U/G Raceway System (Underground Raceway System). Each PowerStation project supports a unique U/G raceway system with multiple views of the U/G system. Each view is conceptually a cross-section of desired raceways and heat sources that are in the same vicinity.
The figure above shows how to access the U/G Raceway System. Use the U/G Raceway System Edit Toolbar to add raceways (duct bank and/or direct buried), conduits for duct bank raceways, and locations for direct buried raceways, external heat sources, and cables to the U/G raceway system. From U/G raceway system presentations you can graphically arrange raceways, conduits, cables, and external heat sources to represent cable routing and provide a physical environment to conduct cable ampacity derating studies. These studies include cable temperature calculation, ampacity optimization, cable sizing, and transient cable temperature calculation.
Underground Raceway System
Overview Ground Grid Systems
3.3 Ground Grid Systems The safety of people who work and live around electric power installations is of great concern. The proper design of a grounding system is a key element to improve safety conditions and to protect the lives of all individuals who are in close proximity of electrical power systems. During unbalanced faults, the ground potential rise of a grounded structure presents a risk of electrocution to anyone who comes in contact with the grounded structure. PowerStation provides a three dimensional, fully graphical tool, that allows for the design of a proper ground grid system, which adheres to IEEE or FEM standards.
To begin working with the Ground Grid Systems, one mus Diagram. To do so, the Ground Grid button located on the A clicking on the ground grid itself from the One-Line Diag (IEEE or FEM) to be used for the design, the Ground Grid many useful design features built into the Ground Grid Syst touch potentials for any type of ground grid shape, 3D graph touch voltage values, optimum numbers of parallel ground ground potential rise, cost of conductors and rods used, accou
Ground Grid Systems
Ground Grid
t first insert a ground grid on the One-Line C Edit tool bar must be selected. By double
ram, and after choosing which the standard Editor screen can be accessed. A few of the ems module are: calculation of safe step and ic profiles and tabular results of the step and conductors and rods, ground resistance and nt for soil type and configuration.
Screen
ETAP PowerStation 4.0
Overview Panel Systems
3.4 Panel Systems PowerStation allows for the modeling of electrical panels used in electrical power systems, directly on the One-Line Diagram. The number of panels that can be represented is unlimited, since PowerStation supports the nesting of panels. Therefore, a panel can be connected to a sub-panel, and in turn, a sub- panel can be connected to yet another downstream panel elsewhere in the circuit. Each panel can be modeled as either a 3 phase or a single-phase panel. The 3 phase panels could be either 3 wire or 4 wire configurations, while single-phase panels can be 2 or 3 wire configurations. Internally, each panel is comprised of protective devices and a collection of circuits that supply system loads.
Panel Systems
Panels are added to the One-Line Diagram by clicking on the Panel Systems button located in the AC Edit Tool bar, and dropping the panel anywhere on the One-Line Diagram. Once added to the diagram, double clicking on the panel symbol will open the Panel Editor, and allow for panel and circuit information to be specified. The user can customize useful information such as Panel ID, Phase Connections, Panel Rating, Number of Circuits, Circuit schedule, and Load Summary.
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Overview Dumpster
3.5 Dumpster The system Dumpster consists of a number of Cells that contain elements that you have deleted or copied from the one-line diagram or underground raceway systems. When you initially cut an element or group of elements from the one-line diagram or underground raceway system, PowerStation places these in a Dumpster Cell. These Cells are kept within the Dumpster until you explicitly purge them from the Dumpster. When a Cell is purged from the Dumpster, PowerStation automatically deletes all elements in the Cell from the project’s database. While an element or group of elements are inside a Dumpster Cell, you may move or paste copies of the contents of the Cell back into the one-line diagram or underground raceway system. Thus, the Dumpster provides a convenient holding location for elements while you are actively constructing a one-line diagram or underground raceway system. The Dumpster presentation can be activated only from the Project View.
What Happens to IDs When Elements are Copied or Cut into the Dumpster? • Elements that are placed in the Dumpster using the Copy command will have new IDs. • Elements that are Cut into the Dumpster will retain their original IDs. • IDs of the elements Purged from the Dumpster are reusable.
What Happens to IDs When Elements are Pasted or Moved From the Dumpster? • Elements that are pasted from the Dumpster will have new IDs. • Elements that are moved from the Dumpster will retain their original IDs.
Purging Elements from a Project • When you a Dumpster Cell, elements within that Cell are removed from the project database
completely (permanently). • All the Dumpster Cells (entries) may be removed from the project using Purge All.
Editing Within the Dumpster • You CANNOT copy, size, rotate, or change symbols of elements inside the Dumpster. • Elements may be relocated inside the Dumpster. • You can hide or show protective devices (PDs) inside the Dumpster. • Status of PDs and loads CANNOT be changed inside the Dumpster. • Navigators within the editors are NOT functional for elements in the Dumpster. • Elements CANNOT be reconnected inside the Dumpster.
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Overview Dumpster
Controlled Dumpster The controlled dumpster is a mechanism for locking information into the dumpster and is used only when the PowerStation project is passwords-enabled. When PowerStation cuts any elements from a UGS or one-line diagram, the dumpster cell to which the elements are assigned is designated as a controlled dumpster cell. When the dumpster cell is designated as a controlled dumpster, the designation has NO meaning unless the project is passwords enabled. When passwords are enabled, the controlled dumpster is treated as a special entity with the following attributes: 1. The controlled dumpster is displayed as a controlled dumpster by displaying the designation (C) or
(CC) on its title (in the Dumpster list window).
• The designation C (Controlled Dumpster Cell) is used to indicate that this is a controlled dumpster cell which is not checked. These cells cannot be purged until they are checked.
• The designation CC (Checked Controlled Dumpster Cell) is used to indicate that this is a controlled dumpster cell and it has been checked by a checker. A user with Project or Base Editor permissions can purge these cells.
2. The background of a (C) controlled dumpster is painted the color of INI values, ControlUGSColor or ControlOLVColor. The background is painted in the specified color only when the project setting has “Project/Options/Display changed data in RED” selected or the project user is a Checker.
3. When moving a cell from a controlled dumpster to the one-line diagram or UGS, two
behaviors are exhibited:
• If the controlled dumpster cell is a (C) dumpster, the elements are simply moved as normal, i.e., no special action is taken to flag elements checked or unchecked. The dumpster cell is then destroyed as normal.
• If the controlled dumpster cell is a (CC) dumpster, the elements are moved as normal but, in addition, all property values are forced dirty and are flagged as unchecked (will show red in the editors). This is, for all purposes, identical to dropping a new element on the one-line diagram or UGS. The dumpster cell is then destroyed as normal.
4. When in checker mode, the controlled dumpster cells appear in the checker’s list and can be
checked as any other element can be checked. The act of checking a controlled dumpster changes its designation from (C) to (CC). This also sets the dumpster background color to normal.
5. A Project Editor (or Base Editor) cannot purge a controlled dumpster with designation (C).
The Project Editor can purge a controlled dumpster with designation (CC). The checker must check a controlled dumpster cell before it can be purged.
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Overview Library
3.6 Library PowerStation provides the library structure for the following circuit elements: cable, cable fire protection, motor (nameplate, model, characteristic, load), low voltage circuit breaker, high voltage circuit breaker, fuse, overload heater, harmonic, and battery. The PowerStation library file is named etaplib.lib and is located in the Lib folder in PowerSTN directory. Using Library Quick Pick you can view and retrieve library data from the element editors in your project. To edit or add library data, double-click on the Libraries folder in Project View to expand the folder. Then double-click on the library of your choice to open its editor. From a library editor you can add, edit, copy, and delete library data. The Library menu on the menu bar offers another method to access and edit library data. You can create an unlimited number of library headers and data entries for each library.
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Overview Library
You can also create new libraries by right clicking on the Library folder in Project View and selecting Create. Use the right-click menu options to locate and open other PowerStation library files, or Save, Save As, or Purge the library in current use.
To convert ETAP DOS library files, select the Convert ETAP DOS Lib command from the Library Menu on the menu bar, select the library type to be converted, and then locate and convert the ETAP DOS library file. Each PowerStation project file can be attached (associated with) one library only. To attach a project file to a different library, use the Open Library command from the Project View (right-click on Libraries) or Library icon on the Project Menu Bar. There are a number of libraries available for many devices in PowerStation. Each library is customized for the specific device it pertains to. Details regarding each library can be found in the library section from the list below: • Battery • Cable • Cable Fire Protection • Fuse • Harmonic • Interruption Cost • Induction Motor Nameplate • Induction Motor Model
• Induction Motor Characteristic • Induction Motor Load • Low Voltage Circuit Breaker • High Voltage Circuit Breaker • Overload Heater • Reliability
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Overview Cable Systems
3.7 Cable Systems Data integration between the One-Line Diagram and U/G Raceway System includes electrical properties, routing, and physical attributes of cable. For example, a cable contains data representing its electrical properties and bus connections that are used for Load Flow studies, and it also contains the physical data and routing information associated with the raceways through which it is routed.
Cables in PowerStation are categorized in three groups (One-Line, Equipment, and UGS).
One-Line Cable One-Line cables, cables that are placed in the one-line diagram, appear as a graphical element in the one-line diagram or Dumpster presentations. This is a cable that you add to the one-line diagram as a branch to connect buses. To route a one-line cable through a raceway, click on the Existing Cable icon on the Edit Toolbar in an underground raceway presentation, select a cable from the drop-down list, and then drop it inside a raceway conduit or location. You can also route a one-line cable through a raceway from the Cable Editor, Routing page. Note that this action will attach (assign) the cable to the raceway but will not place it in a specific conduit or location.
Equipment Cable Equipment Cable, a cable that is placed in an editor as a feeder for a load, is attached to equipment such as motors and static loads as a feeder cable, but does not appear graphically as a branch element on the one-line diagram. This is a cable that you add to equipment from the property editors (Cable/Vd page) of static load and motors. To route an equipment cable through a raceway, click on the Existing Cable icon on the Edit Toolbar in an underground raceway presentation, select a cable from the drop- down list, and then drop it inside a raceway conduit or location. You can also route an equipment cable through a raceway from the Cable Editor, Routing page. Note that this action will attach (assign) the cable to the raceway but will not place it in a specific conduit or location.
UGS Cable UGS cables, cables that are placed only in underground raceways, are used exclusively within the underground raceway system. This is a cable that is routed through an underground duct bank or direct buried raceway, but does not exist in the one-line diagram or as an equipment cable. Raceway cables can be graphically placed in raceway conduits or locations by clicking on the New Cable icon on the Edit Toolbar in underground raceway presentations. Raceway cables can be graphically dragged to a one-line diagram to make it into a one-line cable. However, a raceway cable cannot become an equipment cable.
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Overview 3-D Database
3.8 3-D Database PowerStation organizes an electrical system into a single project. Within the project, PowerStation provides three major system components. • Presentation
Unlimited, independent graphical presentations of the one-line diagram to represent the one-line diagrams for any propose such as impedance diagram, study results, plot plan, etc.
• Configuration Unlimited, independent system configurations to keep track of the status of switching devices (open and closed), motors and loads (continuous, intermittent, and Spare), MOVs (open, closed, throttling, and spare).
• Revision Data Base data & up to 15 Revision data to keep track of changes and modifications of the engineering properties (nameplate, settings, etc.) of elements.
These three system components are organized in an orthogonal fashion to provide you with great power and flexibility in constructing and manipulating your PowerStation project. Using the concept of Presentation, Status Configuration, and Revision Data, you can create numerous combinations of networks of diverse configurations and varying engineering properties that allow you to fully investigate and study the behavior and characteristics of the electrical networks using one database. This means that there is no need to copy your database for different system configurations, What If studies, etc.
PowerStation uses a 3-D database concept to implement Presentations, Configurations, and Base & Revision Data. The use of this multi-dimensional database concept allows you to independently select a particular Presentation, Configuration Status, or Revision Data within the same project database. These selections can be used in conjunction with multiple loading categories and multiple study cases to quickly and efficiently perform system design and analysis without the possibility of data discrepancies caused by multiple copies of a single project file being used to account for various system changes.
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Overview 3-D Database
3.8.1 Presentations When a new project is created, a one-line diagram presentation will be created and displayed on your screen. This is where you build a one-line diagram presentation of your electrical system. PowerStation allows you to create as many presentations of a one-line diagram as you wish. This powerful feature provides you with the ability to customize each one-line diagram presentation with different graphical representations, as shown below. One presentation may have some or all protective devices visible, while another presentation may have a completely different layout which is best suited for displaying load flow results, and so on.
Two Presentations of a One-Line Diagram
Customized Features of Presentations One-line diagram presentations have many independent features such as: • Graphical Location of elements and connectors • Size of the elements (five sizes) • Symbols (ANSI & IEC standard symbols for AC & DC elements) • Element Grouping including connectors • Element Orientation (0, 90, 180, & 270 degrees) • Annotation Orientation (-90, -45, 0, 45 & 90 degrees) • Visibility Options (hide & show) for switching & protective devices • Display Options of Annotations (results, AC, AC-DC, & DC elements) • Display Options for each operating Mode (Edit, Load Flow, Short-Circuit, … etc.) • Grid display option and its size • Continuity Check option (on or off) • Status Configuration association • Print Options (print size, centering, printer type, paper size, etc.) Additionally, each presentation remembers (stores) the last configuration, operating mode, zoom ratio, view location, print setup, etc.
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Overview 3-D Database
Element Addition to a Presentation When you add an element to one presentation, the same element with the same engineering properties will automatically be added to all other presentations. What happens when you modify engineering properties of an element in one presentation? Modification of the engineering properties of an element in one presentation will be reflected in all presentations. Remember that all presentations share a common database.
Create New Presentations You can create new one-line diagram presentations only from the Project View Dialog Box. To do this, right-click on the One-Line Diagrams under Presentations.
The new presentation will be assigned OLV1. OLV (One-Line View) is the default name, which is appended with a unique number when a new one is created. To change the default name, double click on the “Default” One-Line Diagram from this Project View.
Change Presentation Name The presentation names can be changed at any time by double clicking on the One-Line Diagram (background) in Edit mode.
Change Presentation Name from “OLV Pres1” to “XYZ”
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Overview 3-D Database
3.8.2 Status Configuration PowerStation provides the configuration capability allowing you to configure the operating status of the various electrical elements that you use to construct the one-line diagram in your project. Electrical components such as circuit breakers, fuses, and switches can have open or closed status. Loads and motors may be operating continuously, intermittently, or can be spare. The following comments help define the operation of the configuration concept: • When you attach a configuration to a one-line diagram presentation, all elements in that presentation
assume the predefined status as they have been saved under that configuration. • Each configuration is independent of the others since the status of elements can be set independently
for each configuration. • Any configuration can be attached to any one-line diagram presentation. Conversely, any or all one-
line diagram presentations can be attached to the same configuration at the same time. • You can create as many configurations as you desire. • To attach or associate a configuration to a presentation, activate the presentation, open the
Configuration drop down list from the Mode & Configuration Toolbar, and select a configuration status.
Switching Status Configuration from “Normal” to “Stage 1”
Using status configuration capabilities, you no longer need to keep several copies of one project to perform electrical system studies for different configurations. In addition, when you modify engineering properties or add new elements to the one-line diagram, the changes will be automatically saved for all configurations.
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Overview 3-D Database
Changing Status of Devices The status of switching devices (fuse, contactor, HV circuit breaker, LV circuit breaker, switch, double- throw switch, and panel’s main disconnect) can be changed from their editors or from the right-click menu, as shown below.
Status Change of a Switching Device for Configuration “Normal”
The status of load devices (synchronous motor, induction motor, lumped load, MOV, static load, capacitor, and filter) can be changed from their editors, as shown below.
Status Change of Load Devices for Configuration “Stage1”
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Overview 3-D Database
Create New Status Configurations You can create new configurations only from the Project View. To do this, right-click on Status under Configurations and select Create New. The status of the elements for the newly-created configuration is shown in the Dialog Box.
Create a new Status Configuration “XYZ”
The following Status Configurations are reserved for PSMS and cannot be renamed or purged. These configurations are active when PSMS is online. • OnLine Online Monitoring Mode • Playback Playback Mode • Advisory Advisory Control Mode • Supervisory Supervisory Control Mode
Duplicate Status Configurations To create a new configuration, which has the same element status as an existing configuration, from the Project View, right-click on an exiting configuration and select Duplicate.
Duplicating Configuration “Stage 1” to “XYZ”
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Overview 3-D Database
3.8.3 Revision Data Revision Data is the third orthogonal system component that is provided by PowerStation. The engineering data associated with the elements in your project are stored in the project database. PowerStation provides ready access to 16 different revisions of the engineering data associated with each element. PowerStation establishes revision level 0 of the data as Base Data. You may use Revision 1-15 at any time to vary engineering parameters associated with any or all of the elements on the one-line diagram without impacting, or changing, the Base Data. PowerStation constrains your project to the use of one revision at a time, and you must be in Base Data in order to add or delete system elements or make connectivity changes to your one-line diagram. The primary use for the Revision Data is to enable you to run “What if” studies for an electrical system where you can readily vary the engineering data of the network’s components and compare the results with the Base Data or other Revisions. For example, you can change the impedance of a transformer in a Revision (keeping the Base Data untouched) and compare the short-circuit results with the Base Data. Other applications of Revision Data is for future modifications of the system without changing your Base Data, e.g., add a new substation to an existing system and keep all new modifications in a Revision Data. In this case, the Base Data represents the actual existing system and a Revision Data represents the future modifications. To do this, you first need to add the new elements for the substation to the Base Data and flag them as Out of Service so they will not affect the study results of the existing system. In Revision Data, set the flag to In Service and enter all other required properties. When the new substation is commissioned, merge the Revision Data to Base Data to save that particular modification. You can change the names of any Revision Data from the Project Menu Bar (Revision Data under Settings)
Changing Names of Revision Data
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Overview 3-D Database
PowerStation provides a number of Revision Data utilities that allow you to readily switch, merge, and purge Revision Data. For example, different Revisions can be merged together to form a new Revision to study the effect of all changes and modifications at the same time. Revision Data is integrated with user access control to restrict user access from manipulation of Base Data, i.e., only users with access levels Project Editor or Base Editor can manipulate Base Data. This user access restriction provides peace-of-mind in knowing that specific sections of the project can only be altered by those authorized to make these kinds of changes. PowerStation keeps track of delta differences between a Revision and the Base Data, i.e., the delta is zero when you activate a Revision for the first time. When you are in a particular Revision Data and you change a single property of an element, that element (with its new engineering properties) is saved for this Revision. In this case, the delta between this Revision and Base Data is one element only. Any subsequent change in the properties of this element in the Base Data will not affect this Revision. However, any changes to the Base Data for other elements that have not been altered in this Revision will be used when you run studies with this Revision Data active. PowerStation provides a method to flag the delta difference between any Revision and Base Data. These flags are shown in green in the Project View. In the example shown below, Gen3 is flagged as an element that has parameters different from the Base Data. Also note that the Cable components is flagged green with integer 2 printed next to it, meaning that there are two cables in this Revision that are different from the Base Data.
Note that: • An element CANNOT exist in a Revision without existing in the Base Data. • You CANNOT purge the Base Data. • You can merge a Revision into Base Data or into other Revision Data. • When you merge the Base Date into a Revision, that Revision is deleted, i.e., there is no delta
difference between that Revision and the Base Data. • You CANNOT save or close a project while you are in a Revision level of data.
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Overview Project View
3.9 Project View PowerStation provides a special view of your project called the Project View. The Project View is a graphical tree representation that includes Presentations, Configurations, Study Cases, Libraries, and Components associated with your project. The Project tree can be expanded to display these items. Clicking on a "+" symbol (inside a square) increases the tree expansion, showing more details. Clicking on a "–" symbol (inside a square) decreases the tree expansion, showing fewer details. Selecting an item by right clicking on it will display a context menu that allows you to perform some actions on the selected item.
User ID and Access
UGS presentations are created only from the Project View
Dumpster can be accessed only from the Project View
Status Configuration (Right–click to Rename, Purge, or Duplicate)
Project Filename
Right-click to Open, Save, Save As, Create, and Purge Libraries
Right-click to View, Copy/Merge, and Purge Motor Nameplate Library
Right-click to Find an element or edit its properties. You can find elements in the last active one-line diagram presentation, or in any desired presentation.
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Overview Project Toolbar
3.10 Project Toolbar
The Project Toolbar contains icons that allow you to perform shortcuts of many commonly used functions in PowerStation. All of these functions are described in detail in different sections such as One-Line Diagram Menu Bar and One-Line Diagram Presentation, both of which explain the graphical user interface of the one-line diagram. Create Create a new project file Open Open an existing project file Save Save the project file Print Print the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system Cut Cut the selected elements from the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system to the Dumpster Copy Copy the selected elements from the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system to the Dumpster Paste Paste elements from a Dumpster Cell to the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system Zoom In Magnify the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system Zoom Out Reduce the one-line diagram or U/G raceway system Zoom to Fit Page Re-size the one-line diagram to fit the window Show Grid Lines Display the grid lines on the one-line diagram Check Continuity Check the system continuity for non-energized elements Power Calculator Activate Power Calculator Help Point to a specific area to learn more about PowerStation
Power Calculator The Power Calculator relates Mw, Mvar, Mva, kV, Amp, and PF together for three-phase systems and displays them in either kVA or Mva units. You have an option to keep one of the four variables (Mva, Mw, Mvar, or PF) fixed and calculate the rest.
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Overview Mode Toolbar
3.11 Mode Toolbar PowerStation consists of the One-Line Diagram (AC and DC Power System) and the Underground Raceway System. In general, PowerStation has three modes of operation; Edit, AC Study, and DC Study. The AC Study mode consists of Load Flow, Short-Circuit, Motor Starting, Transient Stability, and Relay Coordination analysis.
Mode Toolbar Indicating Motor Starting Mode
Edit Mode Edit mode enables you to build your one-line diagram, change system connections, edit engineering properties, save your project, and generate schedule reports in Crystal Reports formats. The Edit Toolbars for AC Elements, DC Elements, and Instrumentation Elements will be displayed to the right of the screen when this mode is activated by pressing the pencil icon.
Mode Toolbar Indicating Motor Starting Mode
This mode provides a wide variety of tasks including: • Drag & Drop Elements • Connect Elements • Change IDs • Cut, Copy, & Paste Elements • Move From Dumpster • Insert OLE Objects • Cut, Copy & OLE Objects • Merge PowerStation Projects • Hide/Show Groups of Protective Devices • Rotate Elements • Size Elements • Change Symbols • Edit Properties • Run Schedule Report Manager
AC, DC, and Instrumentation Edit Toolbars
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Overview Mode Toolbar
Study Mode Study modes enable you to create and modify study cases, perform system analysis, view alarm/alert conditions and view output reports and plots. When a study mode is active (selected), the Study Toolbar for the selected study is displayed on the right of the screen. By clicking on the buttons on the Study Toolbar, you can run studies, transfer data, and change display options. The available study modes and associated Study Toolbars are shown below. • Load Flow • Short-Circuit
• ANSI Short-Circuit Duty • ANSI 30 Cycle Faults • ANSI Unbalanced Faults • IEC Short-Circuit Duty • IEC 909 Short-Circuit • IEC Unbalanced Faults • IEC 363 Short-Circuit
• Motor Stating • Dynamic Acceleration • Static Starting
• Harmonics • Harmonic Load Flow • Harmonic Frequency Scan
• Transient Stability • Transient Stability • Generator Start-Up
• Relay (Device) Coordination • Optimal Power Flow • Reliability Assessment • DC Load Flow • DC Short-Circuit • Battery
• Battery Sizing • Battery Discharge
In addition to the Study Toolbar, a Study Case Toolbar is displayed automatically when one of the study modes becomes active. The Study Case Toolbar allows you to control and manage the solution parameters and output reports.
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Overview Mode Toolbar
3.11.2 Underground Cable Raceway Systems (UGS) When working with the Underground Cable Raceway presentations, the Mode Toolbar changes as shown below.
Edit Mode Edit mode enables you to build your underground raceway system, change system configurations, edit engineering properties, and save your project. This mode allows for a wide variety of tasks including Drag & Drop Elements, Copy, Cut, Paste, Size, and Edit Properties. Note that elements can be added directly to the system from the UGS Edit Toolbar.
Study Mode The study mode enables you to create and modify solution parameters (Study Cases), perform steady- state and transient temperature calculations, optimize cable ampacities, size cables, and view output reports and plots.
Study Toolbar for Underground Cable Raceway Systems
3.11.3 Ground Grid Systems (GGS) When working with the Ground Grid presentation, the Mode Toolbar change as shown below.
Edit Mode Edit mode enables you to build your ground grid based on the IEEE (regular shapes) or Finite Element Method (Irregular shapes).
Study Mode The study mode enables you to create and modify solution parameters (Study Cases), perform calculations, optimize number of conductors, optimize number of conductors and rods, and view output reports and plots.
Edit and Study Toolbar for Ground Grid Systems
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Overview Configuration Toolbar
3.12 Configuration Toolbar From this drop down list you can activate any one of the existing status configurations and change the status of switching devices (open / close), loads (continuous / intermittent / spare), and MOVs (open / closed / throttling / spare) to the pre-saved settings. Note that when you change the status of any device, it is changed for the active configuration only and does not effect other configurations.
You can create new configurations only from the Project View. To do this, right-click on Status under Configurations and select Create New. The status of elements for the newly created configuration is a duplicate of the default Configuration. To create a new configuration, which has the same element status as an existing configuration, from the Project View, right-click on the exiting configuration and select Duplicate.
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Overview PSMS Toolbar
3.13 PSMS Toolbar PSMS mode is operational only for PowerStation Management System (PSMS). PSMS is an online extension to ETAP® PowerStation® power system analysis software. By combining Window NT client- server modular architecture with state-of-the-art remote monitoring, simulator, and supervisory control applications, PSMS can interface with any combination of computer workstations, data storage devices (historians), IEDs, and other SCADA systems.
PSMS enables you to connect your existing power system to PowerStation; collect, monitor, and log live data; set alarms; simulate system responses; execute control actions; run “What if" studies; and view output reports and plots. While monitoring and logging in the background, you can simulate Load Flow, Short-Circuit, Motor Starting, Transient Stability, Optimal Power Flow or Operation of the system with data that reflects the current status and loading of the system. Previously stored system configuration data, and loading can also be used for simulations.
Monitoring Mode Takes the active one-line diagram (presentation) into online monitoring mode. PSMS monitoring is a sophisticated modern alternative to traditional monitoring systems. In monitor mode, PSMS acquires real-time data from the electrical system via the monitoring devices, processes the data (using State Estimator and Load Distributor), resets the alarms, stores all parameters, and finally graphically displays the data on the graphic one-line diagram.
Playback Mode In playback mode, PSMS retrieves data from the historian and displays it on the one-line diagram.
Control Mode This mode allows the user to open or close circuit breakers and receive status confirmations.
Advisory Mode and Supervisory Control PSMS Optimal Load Management (OLM) program is the most powerful tool for power system control, planning, design, and operation. OLM allows for optimization of the system through utilization of available controls including: • Generator voltage/var Control • Generator MW Control • Transformer LTC Control • Shunt Compensation Control • Series Compensation Control • Switching Capacitor Control • Load Shed Control Contact Operation Technology, Inc. for a complete product description of PSMS.
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Overview Study Case Toolbar
3.14 Study Case Toolbar This toolbar is displayed automatically when you are in one of the study modes. The Study Case Toolbar allows you to control and manage the study solution parameters and output reports.
Study Case The Study Case drop-down list lets you select a previously created study case name and display it. The solution parameters specified in the displayed study case are used when you run a new study. To create a new study case, select Study Cases from the Project View and right-click on the desired study case type such as load flow, short-circuit, motor starting, transient stability, and U/G raceway systems.
Edit Study Case Click on the Edit Study Case icon to edit the selected study case. Study Case Editors include Load Flow, Short-Circuit, Motor Starting, Transient Stability, and U/G Raceway System.
Output Report The Output Report drop-down list lets you select a previously created output report and display it. When you run a study, the displayed file name will be used for the output report and plot. To create a new file name for your reports, select Prompt from the Output Report drop-down list and perform a study. PowerStation will prompt you to enter a new file name for the output report and plots.
List Output Reports Click on this icon to list all PowerStation output reports. From this drop-down list, you can preview all previously created output reports, which can be in the form of Crystal Reports or text reports.
Report Format From this drop-down list, select a report format you want to use for your output report. These formats include standard text format and Crystal Reports formats.
Alert View (AC Load Flow and AC Short Circuit) After running the AC Load Flow or AC Short Circuit analysis, this report format identifies buses and cables in the system that are either faulted, at critical or marginal levels, by using a color coded display method for each affected element. Alert View will also output this information on a printed report.
View Report Manager Click on the View Report Manager icon to display the contents of the current output file. If TextRept (text report) is selected as the report format, the output report will be displayed in Microsoft Word®, WordPad®, Notepad®, or any program you have selected in the PowerStation INI file to view text files. If one of the Crystal Reports formats is selected, then the PowerStation Report Viewer allows you to browse and print your customized report. Text reports generated by PowerStation are 132 characters wide and 66 lines per page. See Printing and Plotting for details on how to format text reports for 8 1/2 by 11 papers.
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Overview Message Log
3.15 Message Log PowerStation uses the message log to record certain activities when you are working with your PowerStation project. For example, PowerStation records an entry whenever you open or close a project. In addition, PowerStation records entries when you delete OLE objects or update OLE links and whenever some internal errors are encountered. The greatest use of the message log is reserved for the on-line operations of PowerStation (PowerStation Management System).
The display size of the message log can be changed by pulling the top end up or down. For most applications you can minimize the display size of the message log to zero. The operation of the message log is completely transparent to you, the user. PowerStation automatically tends it. You may, however, customize the log by setting the maximum number of entries that PowerStation will display in the message log at any given time. Additionally, you may set the size of the text logs generated by PowerStation. To customize the message log, see Section 1.6, INI File. The default entries for Slog Size and Max Display Mugs are: Slog Size=128 Max Display Mugs=255
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Overview Tutorial
3.16 Tutorial This tutorial provides a brief overview of the basic operation of the PowerStation program. Once you finish this tutorial, you will be familiar with some the key features and capabilities of the program and the various options available for performing power system analysis.
Starting PowerStation Start the ETAP PowerStation program by double-clicking on the icon.
Opening the Example Project File Follow these simple steps to open the EXAMPLE project file:
Enter your User Name in the Logon Editor and select the Project Editor option in the Select Access Level Editor.
As previously mentioned, PowerStation organizes all work as projects. Each project provides all the necessary tools and support for modeling and analyzing an electrical power system. Projects consist of electrical systems that require unique electrical components and interconnections. The Example project includes a one-line diagram of an electrical system. Notice the toolbars on the top and the right-hand side of the one-line diagram.
One-line Diagram and Editors PowerStation provides a fully graphical user interface for constructing your one-line diagram. Here you can graphically add, delete, relocate, and connect elements, zoom in or out, display grid off or on, change element size, change element orientation, change symbols, hide or show protective devices, enter properties, set operating status, etc.
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Overview Tutorial
PowerStation’s One-Line Diagram is a one-line representation of a power system. The one-line diagram is the starting point for all studies. You can graphically construct your electrical system by connecting the buses, branches, motors, generators, and protective devices in any order from the One-Line Diagram Edit Toolbar. You can connect the elements to the buses graphically or from their editors. You can double- click on elements to open their editors and edit the engineering properties, which include ratings, settings, loading, connections, etc.
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Overview Tutorial
Editors
Double-click on the Power Grid (Utility) symbol on the One-Line Diagram and view the Utility Editor. This is where you enter data for the utility machine model.
Select different pages of this editor and look at the type of information that you can provide to
model a utility machine.
Click on OK and close the editor.
Double-click on other elements and explore their editors. Each available element has a customized editor.
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Overview Tutorial
Double-click on the synchronous motor Syn1 and view its editor. This is where you enter data used for synchronous motor models
Editors are designed so that you can enter a minimum amount of information and be able to run different studies. Voltage and HP data are all you need to perform most studies. If you are interested in modeling a motor dynamically for motor acceleration or transient stability studies, you need to enter more detailed information such as the motor model, inertia, and load model. To illustrate this point a simple exercise is included at the end of this tutorial.
Click on OK and close the editor.
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Overview Tutorial
Composite Networks You may consider a composite network to be an aggregate of all components in a sub-system since it can contain buses, branches, loads, sources, and even other composite networks or composite motors. You can nest your subsystems to an unlimited number of layers. This allows you to construct systems and nest elements by their voltage levels, by physical layout, by the geometrical requirements of elements, by study requirements, by relays and control device requirements, by logical layout of elements, etc. You have full control as to how the system should be nested.
Double-click on the composite network “Sub3 Net”. The Sub3 Net view, which is a one-line diagram nested inside the main one-line diagram, appears.
To change the number of pins, right-click on “Sub3 Net” and select Pins.
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Overview Tutorial
Composite networks can have 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 external connection points (pins). These are the top pin (~Top1); left pins (~Left1 to ~Left9), right pins (~Rt1 to ~Rt9), and the bottom pin (~Bot1). Right-click on the background of the composite network “Sub3Net” to hide or show unconnected pins.
Composite Network “Sub3 Net” with 8 Pins
The pins for the composite motors can be connected to any bus, branch, load, or protective device. Once a pin is connected internally or externally to an element, it becomes a proxy for that element and all connection rules for the element apply to the connected pin. To illustrate this, both AC & DC elements are added to “Sub3 Net” and are displayed here.
The number of levels that you can nest composite networks inside of other composite networks is unlimited. There is no limitation on the number of elements that you can include inside a composite network. The user interface characteristics of composite networks are the same as the One-Line Diagram where you can include both AC and DC elements.
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Overview Tutorial
Composite Motors
Double-click on the composite motor “Comp Mtr1”. The Comp Mtr1 view, which is a one-line diagram nested inside the main one-line diagram, appears.
1
2
Composite motors are used as a tool to group motors in the system. The elements that you can include inside a composite motor are: AC Composite Motor Induction Motor Synchronous Motor Lumped Load Static Load MOV Composite Motor Circuit Breaker (LV & HV) Fuse Contactor Switch Instrument Transformers Relays
DC Composite Motor DC Motor DC Lumped Load DC Static Load DC Elementary Diagram DC Composite Motor DC Circuit Breaker DC Fuse
The number of levels that you can nest composite motors inside composite motors is unlimited.
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Overview Tutorial
One-Line Diagram Menu Bar
The One-Line Diagram Menu Bar contains a comprehensive collection of menu options. This menu bar is displayed when a one-line diagram is active. The One-Line Diagram menu bar contains a list of menu options which, when an option is selected, activates a drop-down list of commands. Some of the menu options also activate an additional list of menus (an arrow pointing to the right denotes an additional menu). For example, select Project, Settings, and Data Type.
Project Toolbar
The Project Toolbar contains icons that allow you to perform shortcuts of many commonly used functions in PowerStation.
Mode Toolbar
In general, PowerStation has three modes of operation; Edit, AC Study, and DC Study. The AC Study mode consists of Load Flow, Short-Circuit, Motor Starting, Harmonics, Transient Stability, Relay Coordination, Optimal Load Flow, and Reliability Analysis. The DC Study mode consists of DC Load Flow, DC Short-Circuit, and Battery Sizing analysis.
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Overview Tutorial
Edit Mode Edit mode enables you to build your one-line diagram, change system connections, edit engineering properties, save your project, and generate schedule reports in Crystal Reports formats. The Edit Toolbars for both AC and DC elements will be displayed to the right of the screen when this mode is active.
To add elements to the one-line view:
• Click on any of the elements on the right-hand side toolbar. The cursor symbol changes to the symbol shape.
• Move the cursor to any location on the one-line view. • Click again and the element is added to the one-line view.
To connect elements in the one-line view:
• For practice, add a bus and a transformer to the one-line view. • Move your cursor to the top pin of the transformer close enough that a red square appears.
• Left-click, hold, and drag the cursor to the bus close enough that the bus becomes red.
• Release the mouse button, and the connection is completed.
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Overview Tutorial
Study Modes Study modes enable you to create and modify study cases, perform system analysis, and view output reports and plots. When a study mode is active (selected), the Study Toolbar for the selected study is displayed on the right side of the screen. By clicking on the buttons on the Study Toolbar, you can run studies, transfer data, and change display options. As an example, Load Flow Analysis Mode is described in this document.
Load Flow Analysis Mode Go to Load Flow Mode by clicking on the Load Flow Analysis button on the Mode Toolbar.
Note that the right-hand side tool is now changed to the Load Flow Toolbar. Also, the Study Case Toolbar appears on the top toolbar.
Click on the Run Load Flow icon on the Load Flow Toolbar. Study results will be displayed on the one-line diagram.
Review the calculation results and familiarize yourself with the type of
Run Load Flow
information displayed on your one-line diagram.
Click on the Display Options and explore the variety of options available for the displayed results.
Click on the Alert to display Critical and Marginal limit violations for the selected output report.
Click on the Report Manager to view and/or print any part of the output report.
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Overview Tutorial
Click on the Edit Study Case button on the Study Case Toolbar and study the solution parameters and alert settings available for Load Flow Analysis.
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Overview Tutorial
After you run load flow, results are displayed on the One-Line Diagram.
Operating Bus Voltage
Overview Tutorial
Exercise Let us do an exercise to get the feel of how the program works. For this exercise, we will add a new 13.2 kV induction motor to the system and run a Load Flow study. This exercise also shows the minimum data required to perform studies for a motor.
Steps:
1. Click on the Edit Mode button of the Mode Toolbar.
t
conne
le-click on the motor and open its editor.
the Nameplate page. Note that the motor voltage is automatically set to 13.2 kV since it was cted to a 13.8 kV bus. You can change the voltage if you wish.
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Overview Tutorial
6. Enter 2000 for HP and click on any other field. The program automatically enters typical nameplate
data for the specified motor size. Click on OK.
7. Switch to Load Flow Mode.
8. Run load flow. Note that the Study Case (solution parameters) for this run is “LF 10 the output report filename is “LF100rpt”.
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Overview Tutorial 9. Look at the results displayed before and after Mtr2 is added. Use the Display Options to change
display
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Dumpster
What Happens to IDs When Elements are Copied or Cut into the Dumpster?
What Happens to IDs When Elements are Pasted or Moved From the Dumpster?
Purging Elements from a Project
Editing Within the Dumpster
Create New Presentations
Change Presentation Name
Edit Mode
Study Mode
Study Case Toolbar
View Report Manager
One-line Diagram and Editors