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EtherNet/IP 介绍

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EtherNet/IP 介绍. 介绍. Agenda. Challenges of Ethernet for Industrial Control Ethernet/ IP ( I ndustrial P rotocol) Stack Overview Producer/Consumer Model in CIP (Common Industrial Protocol) & its benefits Object Model of CIP & Ethernet/IP Connection Objects & Connection ID (CID) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EtherNet/IP 介绍

介绍

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Agenda

• Challenges of Ethernet for Industrial Control• Ethernet/IP (Industrial Protocol) Stack Overview• Producer/Consumer Model in CIP (Common

Industrial Protocol) & its benefits• Object Model of CIP & Ethernet/IP• Connection Objects & Connection ID (CID) • Ethernet/IP Adaptation of CIP• Ethernet/IP Today

• CIP Safety & CIP Sync

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传输介质

应用层 7

表示层 6

会话层 5

传输层 4

网络层 3

链路层 2

物理层 1

S1应用层 7

表示层 6

会话层 5

传输层 4

网络层 3

链路层 2

物理层 1

S2

计算机通信网络模型数 据

数 据H7

数 据H7H6

数 据H7H6H5

数 据H7H6H5H4

数 据H7H6H5H4H3

H2 数 据H7H6H5H4H3 T2

H2 数 据H7H6H5H4H3 T2

数 据

H7数 据 H2H3H4H5H6T2

H7数 据 H2H3H4H5H6T2

H7数 据 H3H4H5H6

H7数 据 H4H5H6

H7数 据 H5H6

H7数 据 H6

H7数 据封装

卸装

报头 (Header) H7~H2报尾 (Trailer) T2

国际标准化组织 (ISO) 公布的开放系统互连 (OSI) 参考模型共有七层

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局域网 (LAN) 协议层次 (1/2)

逻辑链路控制层 (LLC) 802.2

介质访问控制层 (MAC)802.3 802.4 802.5

CSMA/CD Token Bus Token Ring

物 理 层

应用层 7

表示层 6

会话层 5

传输层 4

网络层 3

链路层 2

物理层 1

高 层

LAN 协议 IEEE802

IEEE :Institute for Electricaland Electronic Engineers电气电子工程师学会

LAN :Local Area Network局域网

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5

逻辑链路控制层 (LLC) : 向上提供高层服务, 向下提供介质访问控制层的接口, 发送时,把数据装配成带有站地址段、控制段、 CRC 段的帧, 接收时,拆卸帧、识别站地址、 CRC 校验;介质访问控制层 (MAC) : 管理网络上站之间的通信,采用以下三种 MAC 方式: CSMA/CD(IEEE802.3) 为 碰撞检测载波侦听多路访问 ,采用总线网络, 其控制策略是 载波侦听、 竞争发送、冲突检测、遇冲突 后退和再试发送; Token Bus(IEEE802.4) 为令牌总线控制技术,总线上所有站形成一个 逻辑环,令牌在总线网络上传送,收到令牌的站,决定是否发送或 接收,然后再将令牌传给下一站; Token Ring(IEEE802.5) 为令牌环控制技术,站点形成一个环形网 , 令牌在

环形网上传送,想要发送信息的站把令牌抓住 , 并把令牌的某个特定

位由 0 变为 1 ,随后再处理并发送信息 ;

局域网 (LAN) 协议层次 (2/2)

CSMA/CD:Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

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数据链路层的介质访问控制协议 (Media Access Control-MAC) Protocol

网络上各节点要通信时,哪个节点有优先权在网上发送数据?几个节点同时在网上发送数据,发生“碰撞”时,谁有权继续发送?

• 各种网络的 MAC 协议就是负责整个“仲裁”的。– 以太网采用“碰撞检测载波侦听多路访问” (Carri

er Sense multiple Access with Collision Detection---CSMA/CD) 仲裁机制。

– DeviceNet, CAN 采用“优先级仲裁”机制 :“非破坏性逐位仲裁载波侦听多路访问” ( Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Nondestructive Bit-wise Arbitration--CSMA/NBA) 。

– Profibus 和 ControlNet 都是令牌总线型控制网络。

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以太网采用“碰撞检测载波侦听多路访问” 仲裁机制

• CSMA/CD “ ”以太网采用 碰撞检测载波侦听多路访问 (Carri er Sense mul t i pl e Access wi th Col l i si on Detecti on- - -CSMA/ CD)仲裁机制,在 I EEE802. 3网络标准中对它作了描述。简要地:当一个节点要发送数

“ ”据时,它首先侦听网络。如果侦听到网络是 忙 的,“ ”它就等待直到侦听到 空 时马上发送。如果两个或

“ ”更多个节点都侦听到网络是 空 时,并同时向网络上发送数据,不同节点发送的数据可能会发生碰撞。每个节点在发送数据的同时也在侦听。如侦听到发生碰撞,正在发送数据的节点马上停止发送,并等待一个无规的时间间隔后再尝试发送。这个无规的时间间隔 由 标 准 的 二 进 指 数 式 后 退 算 法 ( Bi nary Exponenti al Back-off al gori thm-BEB) 来定。

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Ethernet for Control Performance ?

• Customers have been using Ethernet on the plant for years

– Linkage to higher level business systems

– Human Machine Interface (HMI) applications

• Ethernet - CSMA/CD is inherently not deterministic, but with the following features used in the network, collisions are eliminated and performance is repeatable.– Fast Ethernet (100Mbps Ethernet)– Ethernet switch technology

– Full Duplex data transmission

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FTP HTTPBOOTPDHCPSMTP SNMP

Many protocols provided a wide range of functionalityMany protocols provided a wide range of functionalityfocused on office and business level communications.focused on office and business level communications.

Application

Data LinkPhysical

Network

Transport

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

ARPARP RARPRARP

OSPFOSPF

TCP

IGMPIGMPIGRPIGRP

UDPUDP

IP

ICMPICMP

Ethernet & TCP/IP suite

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应用层 of “Industrial Ethernet”

ARPARP IP RARPRARP

ICMPICMPOSPFOSPF

TCP

FTP HTTPBOOTPDHCPSMTP SNMP

IGMPIGMPIGRPIGRP

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

UDPUDP

For simple device connectivity, control vendors implemented their ownFor simple device connectivity, control vendors implemented their ownvendor-specific (i.e. proprietary) protocols encapsulated in TCP/IP packetsvendor-specific (i.e. proprietary) protocols encapsulated in TCP/IP packets

Application

Data LinkPhysical

Network

Transport

VendorSpecific

TCP

IP

What was needed to cost-effectively extend Ethernet

to more factory floor networking applications was an application layer

that would meet the requirements for real-time

control that leverages standard TCP/IP…

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Growth of Industrial Ethernet

Industrial Ethernet growth seen at 84% annually

– Source: ARC Advisory Group

Industrial Ethernet Device Shipments

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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工业控制网络中的报文 :显性报文和 I/O 报文

显性报文( Explicit messaging ):

显性报文用来上载和下载程序,修改设备组态,记载数据日志,作趋势分析和诊断等功能 . 它们的结构十分灵活,数据域中带有通讯网络所采用的协议信息和要求操作服务的指令 ., 每个节点(设备)必须解释每个显性报文,操作所请求的任务,并生成回应。为按通讯协议解释这种显性报文,在真正要用到的数据上必须有较大一块的附加量 (overhead) 。这种类型的报文在数据量的大小和使用频率上都是非常不确定的。

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工业控制网络中的报文 :显性报文和 I/O 报文

I/O 报文:• I/O 报文在本质上是隐性的( Implicit ),因而有时也称为隐性报文,它的数

据域中常不包括协议信息,仅仅是实时的 I/O 控制数据,这些数据的含义常是预定义的。因而在节点中对处理这些数据所需的时间大大减小, I/O 报文的一个例子是控制器将输出数据发送给一个 I/O 块设备( I/O Block ),然后 I/O 块按照它的输入数据回应给控制器。为解释这种类型的报文而必须引入的附加量 (overhead) 小,数据短,使用频率一致,并且需要高的性能:工业控制网络对 I/O 报文传送的可靠性,送达时间的确定性及可重复性有很高的要求。

• 过去,用于 I/O 控制的网络不能处理发送显性报文时在发送数据的时间及报文尺寸上的不定性因素。控制设备提供商不得不使用不同的网络来管理这两种不同报文类型的不同要求。 Rockwell Automation/AB 公司的 Data Highway/Remote I/O 网络和西门子公司的 Profibus FMS/ProfibusDP 网络就是这种情况的表现。

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CIP 协议

控制和信息协议 (Control and Information Protocol – now called Common Industrial Protocol - CIP) 是设计工业控制设备的基于对象模型的一种协议(例如体系结构,数据类型,服务等),它是独立于特定网络的应用层协议,提供了访问数据和控制设备操作的服务集。

CIP 在多种技术中使用,如 DeviceNet, ControlNet, Ethernet/IP 。

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CIP 网络模型 ( 生产者 /消费者 模型 )

• CIP Network 中采用了一个全新的生产者 /消费者网络模型。一个典型的生产者 /消费者模型的数据包结构如下: 标识符 数据 循环冗余检验码– 在生产者 /消费者模型中,信息按内容来标识,如果一个节点要接收一个

数据,仅仅需识别与此信息相连的特定的标识符,每个数据包中不再同时需要有源地址位和目标地址位。

– 因为数据是按内容进行标识的,数据源只需将数据发送一次。许多需用此数据的节点通过在网上同时识别这个标识符,可同时地从同一生产者取用(消费 )此同一数据。消费者节点之间可实现精确的同步,而且提高了带宽的有效使用率,其它的设备加入网络后并不增加网络负载,因为它们同样可以消费这些相同的信息,当节点发送多个数据组时,对每个数据组使用不同的标识符。如 ,在 ControlNet 中 Lpacket包含许多字段,其中 CID是用来标识每个 Lpacket本身的特定的信息。

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CIP Connections

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Ethernet/IP Stack Overview

UDPUDP

ARPARP IP RARPRARP

ICMPICMPOSPFOSPF

TCP

FTP HTTPBOOTPDHCPSMTP SNMP

IGMPIGMPIGRPIGRP

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

UDPUDP

EN 50170 StandardEN 50170 StandardIEC 61158 StandardIEC 61158 StandardIEC 61784 StandardIEC 61784 Standard

The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) from ODVAThe Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) from ODVA and CI is a proven, real-time application layer protocoland CI is a proven, real-time application layer protocol

IP

TCP

CIPApplication

Data LinkPhysical

Network

Transport

ExplicitMessaging

Real-timeI/O Control

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The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP)is a Proven, Future-proof Solution

EtherNetPhysical Layer

EthernetCSMA/CD

IP

TCP UDP

Application

Device Profiles

Data Link

Physical

Network

Transport Encapsulation

ControlNetPhys. Layer

DeviceNetPhys. Layer

ControlNetCTDMA

CANCSMA/NBA

ControlNetTransport

DeviceNetTransport

Future Alternatives:

USB...

CIP Message Routing, Connection Management

CIP Data Management ServicesExplicit Messages, I/O Messages

CIP Application Layer Application Object Library

Semi-conductor

Valves Drives Robots Other

CIP

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20Ethernet/IP 协议结构

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Use of TCP and UDP• EtherNet/IP 技术的关键是 Encapsulation (封装),也

就是将 CIP 协议定义的内容 ( 报文 ) 封装入 TCP 和 UDP数据帧当中。然后通过 TCP/IP 网络传输 : 它采用 TCP/IP协议传送显性报文 , 采用 UDP/IP 协议传送 I/O 信息。 EtherNet/IP 和其它基于 Ethernet 的现场总线相比,最大的优势是与 ControlNet , DeviceNet 的“无缝”结合。这三种网络的“核心”—应用层都是 CIP 。

• EtherNet/IP’s encapsulation protocol defines a reserved TCP port number 0xAF12 (has been reserved with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority-IANA-for use by the encapsulation protocol). All Ethernet/IP devices shall accept at least 2 TCP connections on TCP port number 0xAF12. TCP/IP stack could have different ways to encapsulate CIP Messages.

• The encapsulation protocol also defines a reserved UDP port number 0x08AE. When UDP is used to send an encapsulated massage, the entire message shall be sent in a single UDP packet & destined to UDP port 0x08AE.

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Ethernet frame Format

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CIP 信息包通过 TCP/IP 协议的传输

• 采用 TCP/IP 协议传送封装的 CIP 报文时,一个 CIP 信息包可以在一个 TCP 帧中传输,也可以拆分为几个帧进行传输。反之,一个 TCP 帧也可以包含超过一个的 CIP 信息包。如下图所示。

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EtherNet/IP Today

• EtherNet/IP 现在由 ODVA & CI 组织负责推广。为了更方便广大供应商开发基于该协议的设备, ODVA 提供了 EtherNet/IP协议的免费下载,包括 CIP Common Spec. 和 EtherNet/IP adaptation of CIP 。并公开了可以用于 EtherNet/IP 从站(适配器)的源代码。该源代码可以直接在 Windows NT 上运行,只要更改一下编译选项即可运行在 VxWorks 实时嵌入式操作系统上。

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EtherNet/IP Industry Participation

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– Programming Logic Controllers

– Process Controllers

– Human Machine Interfaces

– Multiple I/O Platforms

– Weigh Scales

– Motion Controller

– Drive Controllers

– Vision Systems

– Resolver Interface

– EtherNet/IP to Serial Interfaces – Windows Driver/OPC Server– EtherNet/IP to Other Industrial N

etworks Interfaces– EDS Based Configuration SW To

ol

– IP67 EtherNet/IP Connector

EtherNet/IP Product Offerings

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Applications for EtherNet/IP

• Information Exchange With Enterprise System

• Peer-to-Peer Backbone

• Remote Access Via the Web

• Three Important New Functions

– I/O Control over EtherNet/IP

– High-speed interlocking on EtherNet/IP

– Routing to a remote chassis via EtherNet/IP

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EtherNet/IP Today

There are There are +200,000+200,000 EtherNet/IP™ products installed in EtherNet/IP™ products installed in

industrial applications todayindustrial applications today

EtherNet/IP™ is the only industrial Ethernet solution that is scalable down to an I/O block

Application / Device Resources

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Seamless Routing to a Remote Chassis Via EtherNet/IP

Ethernet SwitchEthernet Switch

Main ChassisMain ChassisRemote ChassisRemote Chassis

DeviceNet

24vdc

509 -BOD

Modular I/OBlock I/O

Micro Drive

Operator Interface

Flex I/O

1756-ENBT

100 Mbps Ethernet100 Mbps Ethernet

RSLogix5000

1756-ENBT 1756-DNB

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Safety extensions to CIP announced - October 2002

•Protocol extensions for safety networking

Protocol approval by TÜV - October 2002

System concept submittal to TÜV - May 2003

CIP Safety

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CIP Safety

• Includes CIP standard services

• Safety extensions to CIP services layer

• Standard and safety control on the same wire

• Focus:– Initially over CAN

DeviceNet DeviceNet SafetySafety™™

– Next over TCP/IP EtherNet/IP EtherNet/IP

SafetySafety™™• Multiple independent

safety chains on the same network or controller

• Addresses IEC61508 up to SIL 3 and EN954-1 up to Category 4• Uses no more than 1% of the Probability of Failure on Demand (PFD)

budget for a system

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Adaptation and

Data Link Layer

Other Networks

Application Object Library

CIP Application LayerExplicit, I/O, Routing

CIP

ApplicationLayer

User Layer

PhysicalLayer

Semicon Devic

es

Valves

Drives

Other Profile

s

DeviceNet Data Link

Layer(CAN)

ControlNet Data Link

Layer (CTDMA)

Futures

DeviceNet Physical

Layer

ControlNet Physical

Layer

Future (Firewire,USB, Blue To

oth)

DeviceNet

ControlNet EtherNet/IP

(CSMA/CD)

TCP UDP

Encapsulation

Ethernet Physical

Layer

IP

Other Safety Profile

s

Safety Application

Object Library

CIP Safety Application

Layer

Safety I/O

Profiles

CIP Safety Layer

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CIP Sync Overview

• Use standard network components– Microprocessors– Protocol Stacks– Infrastructure components (i.e. switches)

• Tolerant of heterogeneous systems with clocks of varying precision, resolution and stability.

• Uses minimal network bandwidth and node computing/memory resources– Scaleable to low-end nodes– Simple, administration free installation– Synchronization message every 1-2 seconds

• Accuracy of time sync between distributed clocks < 500ns

Time synchronization services (IEEE1588) to expand the current application coverage of CIP-based networks to include Sequence of Events recording, Distributed Motion Control, and

other highly distributed applications

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E th e rn e tS w itc h

C o n tro lle rE th e rn e tA d a p te r

S e rc o sA d a p te r

C o n tro lle rE th e rn e tA d a p te r

S e rc o sA d a p te r

C o n tro lle rE th e rn e tA d a p te r

S e rc o sA d a p te r

M

S

S

M a s te r A x is

S la v e A x is

S la v e A x isM

S

T im e M a s te r

T im e S la v e

M

M

M S S

SS

E th e rn e tS w itc h

C o n tro lle rE th e rn e tA d a p te r

S e rc o sA d a p te r

C o n tro lle rE th e rn e tA d a p te r

S e rc o sA d a p te r

C o n tro lle rE th e rn e tA d a p te r

S e rc o sA d a p te r

M

S

S

M a s te r A x is

S la v e A x is

S la v e A x isM

S

T im e M a s te r

T im e S la v e

M

M

M S S

SS

CIP Sync Demo for Distributed Motion Control

• The clocks in the three chassis are synchronized to within 100 nsecs of each other• Motion reference data is produced in the master chassis and consumed in each of

the slave chassis• Task execution in master chassis is synchronized with the task execution

in slave chassis to produce smooth, precise, coordination

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