Ethics and IT Seminar Report

8/19/2019 Ethics and IT Seminar Report

1/31

SEMINAR REPORTON

WHISTLE BLOWING : A STEP AGAINST

UNETHICAL PRACTICES

SUBMITTED TO:

SUBMITTED BY:Mrs. NARINDER KAURINDERJEET SINGH MBA-IC-

5th YEAR(MARKETIN

GROLL NO:

!"#

PUNJABI UNI$ERSITY


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UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STUDIESGURU KASHI CAMPUS

TALWANDI SABO

BATHINDAPUNJAB

ETHICS AND IN%ORMATION TECHNOLOGY

O$ER$IEWEthics is the coo! "#$es o" %&&"o%ch 'o" %$$ &"o'essio!%$s !ee( to 'o$$o) i!o"(e" to %chie*e % +"e%t e!*i"o!e!t i! %! o"+%!i,%tio! i! o#" )o"-e!*i"o!e!t. Most o' &eo&$e thi!- th%t ethics %!( o"%$s is soethi!+ th%tsh%"e the s%e e%!i!+ /#t %ct#%$$0 the0 %"e !ot. The o"%$s %"e to)%"(sthe &e"so!%$ ch%"%cte"1 )hi$e ethics st"ess % soci%$ s0ste i! )hich thoseo"%$s %"e %&&$ie(. I! othe" )o"(s1 ethics &oi!t to st%!(%"(s o" co(es o' /eh%*io#"s e2&ecte( /0 the +"o#& to )hich the i!(i*i(#%$ /e$o!+s. So )hi$e %&e"so!3s o"%$ co(e is #s#%$$0 #!ch%!+i!+1 the ethics o' he o" she &"%cticesc%! /e othe"s to (e&e!( o!. This &%&e" is )"itte! /%se( o! (%t% co$$ectio!'"o %!0 so#"ces s#ch %s )e/s1 %"tic$es1 %!( /oo-s. So1 this &%&e" )i$$&"o*i(e %! o*e"*ie) o! the i&o"t%!ce o' ethics %o!+ the IT &"o'essio!%$s.

INTRODUCTIONNo)%(%0s1 %s )e -!o) th%t1 i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 /ecoes the '%o#s

thi!+s i! the )o"$( /ec%#se ost o' tech!o$o+0 %-es o#" )o"- /ecoec$e%" %!( it is *e"0 #se'#$ to the &eo&$e i! o"(e" to %!%+e o" (o soethi!+.It is *e"0 #!i4#e o' i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 $i-e o/i$e (e*ice1 cote"1 %!(so o! /ec%#se it is *%"iet0 o' #se( to the &eo&$e (i"ect$0 %-e the &eo&$e $i'eo"e co'o"t%/$e. B#t "e'e" to the ethics o' i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0&"o'essio!%$1 it c%! /e see! th%t o! ho) the0 #se( the tech!o$o+01i&$ee!t the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 %!( /#i$t 'o" it. I! the sho"t te"(e5!itio!1 i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 is the tech!o$o+0 th%t is #se( to &"ocessthe (%t%.Li-e !o)%(%0s1 )e #se( the cote" (e*ices to &"ocess the (%t% )ithi! theo"+%!i,%tio! o" o#t o' the o"+%!i,%tio! o" the co&%!0. Ne*e"the$ess1 )he!

)e coe #& )ith the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$1 )e )i$$ )%!t to-!o) the ethics I o"(e" to #se( the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 eithe" it is +oo(ethics o" the /%( ethics. The"e1 ethics is "e'e""i!+ to the /eh%*io" o" o"%$ o' the i!(i*i(#%$ &eo&$e i!(%i$0 $i'e. It is *e"0 c"#ci%$ thi!+s th%t !ee( to -!o) /ec%#se it c%! sho) the%chie*ee!t o' the i!(i*i(#%$ o" o"+%!i,%tio! +o%$s %!( o/6ecti*es.Act#%$$01 ethics %-e #s /ecoe o"e (isci&$i!es /ec%#se )e !ee( to 'o$$o)the "#$es %!( &"oce(#"es o' the o"+%!i,%tio!. Ethics %o!+ i!'o"%tio!


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tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ c%! /e (e5!es %s the %ttit#(e o' i!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ i! o"(e" to %cco&$ish soethi!+ /%se( o! thei"/eh%*io". It is /ec%#se /%se( o! thei" /eh%*io"1 it c%! sho) thei" s#ccess'#$eithe" the0 c%! %chie*e the +o%$s o" !ot. It is (e&e!(s o! the $e*e$ o' ethicsst"%!+e!ess. I!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ #st h%*e hi+h o'

oti*%tio! o" ethics i! the se$' /ec%#se the0 '%ce( )ith the i!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0 )he"e the0 !ee( '%ci!+ o! the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 )hich c%!&"ocess the (%t% th%t !ee( to %!%+e1 %!%$0,e1 (esi+!1 i&$ee!t1 co!t"o$1%i!te!%!ce %!( sto"i!+. It is ost$0 "e'e""i!+ to the h%"()%"e th%t is'%i$i%" to &"ocess the (%t% o" i!'o"%tio! $i-e cote". As the i!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$1 soeties the0 !ee( to '%ce )ith %!0 ch%$$e!+es)he! thei" )o"- i! o"(e" to %cco&$ish soethi!+ )o"- th%t !ee( to /e(o!e. It is the &"o/$e th%t the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ i! thei"&"o'essio!. Whe! the ch%$$e!+es o" %!0 iss#es th%t the0 !ee( to '%ce(1i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ !ee( to t"0 the /est to 5!( the so$#tio!to o*e"coe thei" &"o/$e %!( it is thei" "o$es %!( "es&o!si/i$ities. It is

ost$0 "e'e" to the ethics o' i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ o! ho) the0h%!($e soe iss#es o" %!0 ch%$$e!+es i! thei" )o"- o" 6o/.

D&')t)*s +, *&t */ &th)s The"e %"e *%"io#s (e5!itio!s o' ethics. Acco"(i!+ to the B"it,1 J. J. )hich coe'"o (e&%"te!t o' I!'o"%tio!1 Scie!ce U!i*e"sit0 o' P"eto"i%1 he (e5!es7ethics3 %s the i!(i*i(#%$ %ctio! eithe" +oo( o" /%( %!( he to$( th%t ethics i!the +e!e"%$ te" )hich %-e the &eo&$e coe %s the '#$$0 h#%!. He &"e'e"to the #se o' tech!o$o+0 th%t %"e th"e%t to the "i+ht o' &"i*%c0 o' % &e"so!. As% &e"so!1 ethics is *e"0 i&o"t%!ce thi!+ i! o#" (%i$0 %cti*ities. As )e -!o)th%t1 ethics is "e'e""i!+ to the *%"io#s st0$es. M%0/e1 ethics i+ht /e %s the

!%tio!%$ ethics1 soci%$ ethics1 co&%!0 ethics1 %!( '%i$0 ethics %!( c%! /e&"o'essio!%$ ethics.Acco"(i!+ to Si" A"istot$e )hich is the '%o#s &hi$oso&he"1 ethics is thec#sto1 ch%"%cte" o" the h%/it o' % &e"so! %!( i! the si&$est )o"(8 it c%! /e(e5!e( %s the s0ste o' the o"%$ &"i!ci&$es. It is )o"-e( o#t '"o h#%!"e%so! %!( e2&e"ie!ce /0 h#%! %ctio! th%t (ete"i!es eithe" "i+ht o")"o!+.B#t1 % socio$o+ist $i-e D". R%0o!( B%#h%"t s%i( th%t ethics is c%! /e(i*i(e( i!to t)o (i*isio!s )hich is "i+hts1 o/$i+%tio!s1 /e!e5t to the societ01'%i"!ess o' s&eci5cs *i"t#e. It is "e'e" to the o"%$ /e$ie's. Seco!($01 ethics"e'e" to the st#(0 %!( (e*e$o&e!t o' the st%!(%"(s o' the ethic%$. So1 ethics

to$( th%t o! ho) the &eo&$e $e%( thei" $i*es %!( %-i!+ the (ecisio!s. To(%01)e -!o) th%t e*e"0/o(0 !ee(s to /e '%st %!( s%"t. Fo" the i!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ o!e0 is *e"0 i&o"t%!ce thi!+ /#t !ot i! thei"c%"ee" $i'e. It is e%!s th%t1 c%"ee" %s the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0&"o'essio!%$ )i$$ 'o$$o)e( /0 thei" e9o"t (i"ect$0 o!e0 is thei" "e)%"( o!thei" e9o"t. Fo" the &o)e"'#$ o"+%!i,%tio!s1 i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0&"o'essio!%$ ost$0 "e'e" to the ethics %s the +#i(e$i!es to %chie*e the +o%$o' %! o"+%!i,%tio!. Acco"(i!+ to the Je9e"so! %!( Co!t"e"%s :;


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is c"#ci%$ thi!+s /ec%#se ethic%$ &"i!ci&$es th%t %"e &"o*i(e( )i$$ %ssist thei! the %!0 o' the &"o'essio!%$ (ecisio!s the0 )i$$ %-e.L%co*i!o :;


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The othe" i&o"t%!ce o' ethics %o!+ i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ isthe &"oce(#"e o' i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"ocess th%t )i$$ -ee& i! sec"et.Acco"(i!+ to D%h$/o %!( M%thi%s%!1 i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ 6#st o!$0 &%"tici&%te i! (e*e$o&e!t the t%s-1 it o/6ecti*e %!( the co!te2te2&$icit$0. Fo" the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$1 it is *e"0 i&o"t%!ce

thi!+s 'o" /i+ o"+%!i,%tio! i! o"(e" to s#"*i*e the i!(#st"0 /ec%#se the0 h%*eo)! st"%te+0 th%t !ee( to (o o" %!0 /e!ch%"- )hich it c%! /e the -e0s#ccess o' the /#si!ess to(%0 'o" the.A$$oc%te( the "eso#"ces is %$so the i&o"t%!ce o' ethics %o!+ thei!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$. The0 #st /e &"o'essio!%$ %!( o"e"es&o!si/$e %!( !ct#%$ i! co&$ete the t%s- th%t the0 !ee( (o %!( !ee( to/e (o!e &"o&e"$0. It is /ec%#se i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ $i-ecote" &"o'essio!%$1 6#st o!$0 t%-e &%"t i! &"o6ect )ith the tie %!( the"eso#"ces th%t %"e %ssi+!e( )hich c%! %-e it &ossi/$e to (e$i*e" % +oo( 6o/.Ne*e"the$ess1 $i*i!+ i! this e"% o" o(e"! i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 )i$$ h%&&e!soethi!+ th%t %"e *e"0 )"o!+ th"o#+h the $%) )hich is cote" c"ie %!(

it is the o!e o' the &"o/$es th%t !ee( to /e '%ce( /0 i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0)he"e it c%! %tt%c- %! o"+%!i,%tio! i! te" o' *i"#ses %!( h%c-e"s th%t+etti!+ )i(es&"e%( o*e" the 0e%"s it is /ec%#se B0!# :;


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e!*i"o!e!t /0 (e*e$o& s0ste. it )i$$ sho) th%t the &e"'o"%!ce o' %!o"+%!i,%tio! i' the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 i!*o$*e #!(e" the o"+%!i,%tio! %!(%-e the /ecoe o"e &"o'essio!%$ i! te" o' %!%+e o' i!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0 th%t %"e *e"0 i&o"t%!ce i! e%ch o' %! o"+%!i,%tio! i! the )o"$(.

Eth)s *&t0+1 Th&*r2Ethic%$ theo"0 &"o*i(es '"%e)o"- to +et %t #!(e"$0i!+ "%tio!%$e1 c$%ssi'0 %!(#!(e"st%!( %"+#e!ts %!( (e'e!( co!c$#sio! %/o#t "i+ht %!( )"o!+ th%th%*e i! ethic%$ &e"s&ecti*es.Eth)+1 Th&*r2Ut)1)t+r)+)s3 The %/i$it0 to &"e(ict the se4#e!ces o' %ctio! i! o"(e" to (ete"i!e )hichchoice is o"e /e!e5ci%$.D&*t*1*42Peo&$e sho#$( 'o$$o) to thei" o/$i+%tio!s %!( (#ties )he! %!%$0,i!+ %! ethic%$(i$e% %!( it is *e"0 co!siste!t (ecisio!s.

$)rt0& J#(+e % &e"so! /0 the ch%"%cte" "%the" th%! /0 %! %ctio! the0 %0 c$%sh'"o the !o"%$ /eh%*io".R)4htIt is co!si(e"e( to /e ethic%$$0 co""ect %!( *%$i( to the societ0.Fi+#"e Ethics Theo"0A$$ the ethic%$ theo"0 o" co!ce&t %/o*e is (e5!e /0 the &eo&$e )ho is e2&e"ti! i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio! o" socio$o+ist th%t %"e co!ce"! )ith theethics %!( it is *e"0 i&o"t%!ce th%t !ee( to %&&$0 i! i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0&"o'essio!%$.

A(*%!t%+es %!( Dis%(*%!t%+es o' I!'o"%tio! Tech!o$o+0

I/*r3+t)* t&h*1*42 h%s he$&e( i! sh%&i!+ /oth the 0s)&ss )o"$(

%!( o#" societ0 i! +e!e"%$. M%!0 5e$(s h%*e /ee! i&%cte( /0 i!'o"%tio!

tech!o$o+0 %!( these i!c$#(e8 e(#c%tio! 1 he%$th 1 e!te"t%i!e!t 1

*330)+t)* 6#st to e!tio! /#t % 'e). The )3+ts o' i!'o"%tio!

tech!o$o+0 %"e &"o'o#!(. As the )o"$( (e*e$o&s1 o"e tech!o$o+0 )i$$

ee"+e %!( this tech!o$o+0 )i$$ h%*e /oth &ositi*e %!( !e+%ti*e i&%cts.

Be$o) i h%*e (et%i$e( &oi!ts sho)i!+ 0o# ho) i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 h%s

i&%cte( o#" $i*es.

A,6+t+4&s +, D)s+,6+t+4&s */ )/*r3+t)* t&h*1*42 )

B0s)&ss

AD$ANTAGES

". Ir&+s&s r*,0t)* +, s+6&s t)3&: B#si!ess #se tech!o$o+0 to%#to%te t%s-s. A +oo( e2%&$e is % /%-e"0 )hich #ses %#to%te(te&e"%t#"e ce!so"s to (etect %!0 ("o& o" i!c"e%se i! "oo te&e"%t#"e i! %

http://www.useoftechnology.com/impact-information-technology-organization/http://www.useoftechnology.com/types-business-technology/http://www.useoftechnology.com/technology-business-communication/http://www.useoftechnology.com/impact-technology/http://www.useoftechnology.com/types-business-technology/http://www.useoftechnology.com/technology-business-communication/http://www.useoftechnology.com/impact-technology/http://www.useoftechnology.com/impact-information-technology-organization/


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/%-e"0. These ce!so"s )i$$ se!( i!'o"%tio! (i"ect$0 to the o&e"%to" %!("e&o"t %!0 te&e"%t#"e ch%!+e. This s%*es the /%-e"0 tie %!( it %$so"es#$ts i!to 4#%$it0 &"o(#cts.

;. I3r*6&s *330)+t)* thr*04h *330)+t)* t&h*1*42: With

the he$& o' co#!ic%tio! tech!o$o+0 too$s $i-e &ho!es1 *i(eo co!'e"e!ci!+ 1e$ect"o!ic %i$1 (%t%/%ses 6#st to e!tio! /#t % 'e). Mo*ee!t o'

i!'o"%tio! )ith i! %! o"+%!i,%tio! o" /#si!ess h%s /ecoe e%s0 %!( 5"st.

E&$o0ees c%! e%si$0 o*e i!'o"%tio! %c"oss (e&%"te!ts )itho#t h%*i!+

%!0 i!te""#&tio!s. Too$s $i-e e$ect"o!ic %i$ 1 e'%21 o/i$e &ho!es %!( te2t

ess%+i!+ e!h%!ce the o*ee!t o' i!'o"%tio! %o!+ e&$o0ees 1

c#stoe"s %!( /#si!ess &%"t!e"s o" s#&&$ie"s.

7. I3r*6&s ,+t+ st*r+4& +, '1& 3++4&3&t B#si!esses #se c$o#(hosti!+ se"*ices to sto"e %!( /%c-#& /#si!ess (%t%. A$so it s%*es o! &%&e"

)o"- %!( %-es t"%!s'e" %!( %ccess o' (%t% "eote. With se"*ices $i-e73Dr**8.*3331 /#si!ess o)!e"s c%! %ccess thei" (%t% %!0 tie %!0)he"e.I!'o"%tio! %!( (%t% %"e *e"0 i&o"t%!t too$s 'o" % /#si!ess1 so it is *e"0esse!ti%$ to sto"e the s%'e$0 %!( %$so %ccess the %t %!0 tie o' !ee(.

9. I3r*6&s '+)+1 3++4&3&t Acco#!ti!+ so't)%"e $i-e 0); B**;s 1 B**;;&&&r < S+4& 5=


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%-es c#stoe"s 'ee$ s&eci%$ %!( it c%! ("i*e thei" (esi"e to /#0. A +oo(

c#stoe" se"*ice c%! /e #se( %s % +"e%t too$ /0 %!0 s%$$ /#si!ess to +%i!

co&etiti*e %(*%!t%+e.

?. I3r*6&s * 0s)&ss *3&t)t)6& +,6+t+4& Co&%!ies h%*e #se(

tech!o$o+0 to +%i! co&etiti*e %(*%!t%+e o*e" thei" co&etito"s. A

/#si!ess )i$$ i&"o*e o! its tech!o$o+0 %!( i&"o*e o! its se"*ices %!(

&"o(#cts )hich )i$$ %-e its c#stoe"s h%&&01 this )i$$ t#"! these h%&&0

c#stoe" $o0%$ to th%t /#si!ess %!( %$so i!*ite o"e '"ie!(s to #se th%t

se"*ice o" &"o(#ct.

DISAD$ANTAGES

". I31&3&t+t)* E8&s&s: S%$$ /#si!esses '%i$ to %9o"( thise2&e!si*e tech!o$o+0 so the0 e!( #& $osi!+ thei" c$ie!ts to % /#si!ess )hichh%s i&"o*e( its tech!o$o+0 %!( &"o*i(es % /ette" se"*ice o" &"o(#ct.

>. J* E1)3)+t)* Tech!o$o+0 h%s "e&$%ce( ost &ositio!s )hich h#%!s#se( to occ#&0. Acco#!ti!+ is !o) /ei!+ (o!e /0 so't)%"e1 so %cco#!t%!ts"#! o#t o' o&&o"t#!ities.

7. S&0r)t2 Br&+h&s Si!ce /#si!esses sto"e thei" (%t% o! "eote c$o#(se"*e"s )hich c%! /e %ccesse( )ith % #se" !%e %!( &%ss)o"(1 the0 "is-$osi!+ th%t (%t% to )"o!+ i!(e( -!o)$e(+e )o"-s1 h%c-e"s o" *i"#ses1 )hichc%! h%" he /#si!ess.

A,6+t+4&s +, D)s+,6+t+4&s */ )/*r3+t)* t&h*1*42

) P0rh+s)4

AD$ANTAGES

". Cr&,)t C+r,s +, S3+rt +r,s B#0i!+ %!( se$$i!+ o' +oo(s %!(se"*ices h%s /ecoe si&$e /ec%#se o' these s%"t c%"(s. A #se" c%! +o to% e"ch%!t3s )e/site %!( %-e %! o"(e" #si!+ thei" s%"t c%"( o" c"e(itc%"(. Mo!e0 )i$$ /e t"%!s'e""e( '"o the co!s#e"s %cco#!t to thee"ch%!ts %cco#!t i! seco!(s1 %!( the! the e"ch%!t )i$$ (e$i*e" the ite

to the co!s#e"s %(("ess. This s%*es tie 'o" /oth &%"ties.

>. E1&tr*) B)11 Pr&s&t+t)* +, P+23&t :EBPP> s0stes se!( #s/i$$s o*e" the i!te"!et %!( the0 +i*e #s %! e%s0 )%0 to &%0 the i' the%o#!t $oo-s co""ect. I! this the"e is !ee( 'o" /i$$i!+ co&%!ies to se!( o#"/i$$s i! %i$. It s%*es tie 'o" /oth &%"ties.


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DISAD$ANTAGES

". It&r&t s&0r)t2 )ss0&s Fo" the e"ch%!t to &"ocess %! o"(e" o!$i!e1% co!s#e" h%s to &"o*i(e thei" 5!%!ci%$ (et%i$s. E2&e"ie!ce( h%c-e"s c%!#se this $o& ho$e to ch%!!e$ this i!'o"%tio! %!( #se it 'o" thei" o)! !ee(s.

>. %+01t2 r*,0ts +, ,01)+t)* I! ost c%ses %#ctio! )e/sites h%*e&"o(#cts th%t %"e !ot "e%$. So % #se" c%! /i( o! % shoe thi!-i!+ it is o"i+i!%$1#&o! (e$i*e"01 the0 (isco*e" th%t the shoe is '%-e %!( it (oes !ot "ese/$ethe &ict#"e o! %#ctio!.

7. Pr)6+2 ecoe"ce )e/sites co$$ect &e"so!%$ (%t% #si!+ coo-ies to-!o) o"e %/o#t #s %!( s#++est &"o(#cts /%si!+ o! th%t i!'o"%tio!. This(%t% is co$$ecte( )itho#t %!0 !otice 1 /#t )ith se$5sh i!te!t.

A,6+t+4&s +, D)s+,6+t+4&s */ )/*r3+t)* t&h*1*42

) S*)&t2:

AD$ANTAGES

". I3r*6&, )*6+t)* Tech!o$o+0 h%s &$%0e( % /i+ "o$e i! 6o/ c"e%tio!%!( ee"+i!+ o' tech!o$o+0 /%se( co&%!ies. With %ccess to % cote"%!( i!te"!et1 %!0 o!e c%! st%"t %! /#si!ess )hi$e %t hoe. Most s#ccess'#$tech!o$o+0 /%se( *e!t#"es $i-e Goo+$e A%,o! F%ce/oo-1 to e!tio! /#t% 'e)1 st%"te( '"o hoe /#t !o) the0 e&$o0 tho#s%!(s o" &eo&$e.

>. I3r*6&, &t&rt+)3&t: Tech!o$o+0 h%s ch%!+e( the e!te"t%i!e!ti!(#st"01 !o) (%0s )e h%*e %!0 o&tio!s to choose '"o1 0o# c%! h%*e %&$%0$ist o'


10/31

". C2&r-s);&ss With the i!c"e%se( %((ictio! to soci%$ !et)o"-s %!(i!te"!et +%es1 &eo&$e %"e s&e!(i!+ o"e tie o! cote"s %!( +i*e #& o!thei" !o"%$ oi!e $i'e. This h%s "es#$te( i!to "e$%tio! /"e%-#&s %!(i!c"e%ses $o!e$i!ess.

>. S*)+1 )31)+t)*s %ccess to h%"'#$ i!'o"%tio! )hich co""#&ts&eo&$e3s i!(s %!( ("i*es the to coit c"ie. Peo&$e #se se%"ch e!+i!esto 5!( i!'o"%tio! o! ho) to c"e%te h%"'#$ )e%&o!s %!( ho) to coit)"o!+ %cts i! societ0.

A,6+t+4&s +, D)s+,6+t+4&s */ )/*r3+t)* t&h*1*42 )

B+;)4

". O1)& B+;)4: M%!0 /%!-s h%*e i!te+"%te( %(*%!ce( i!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0 s0stes to i&"o*e o! thei" c#stoe" se"*ice. To(%01 it is *e"0e%s0 to )ith("%) o!e0 #si!+ %! ATM c%"( o" s%"t o!e0 c%"(1 this s%*es

c#stoe"s '"o )%sti!+ tie $i!i!+ #& i! /%!-s.

>. %+st Cr&,)t: Tech!o$o+0 #se( i! /%!-s he$&s i! +%the"i!+ o' 5!%!ci%$(et%i$s %!( c"e(it sco"es %/o#t e%ch c#stoe"1 the i!'o"%tio! +%the"e( c%!/e #se( )he! % c#stoe" %&&$ies 'o" c"e(it i! th%t /%!-.

. RFID P%0e!t

DISAD$ANTAGES

". M*&2 L+0,&r)4: C%ses o' o!$i!e o!e0 $%#!(e"i!+ %"e o! the "ise

%!( this h%s e2&ose( %!0 o!$i!e #se"s to the &"e(%to"s.

Ch+11&4&s ) &*0r+4)4 &th)+1 &h+6)*rs +3*4)/*r3+t)* t&h*1*42 r*/&ss)*+1. The"e %"e se*e"%$ coo! ch%$$e!+es i! (e*e$o&i!+ ethic%$ i! i!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$. I!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 !ee(s to %$e"t )ith thei"s#""o#!(i!+ /ec%#se %!0 ch%$$e!+es th%t the0 !ee( to '%ce( )he! the0co&$ete thei" t%s- )ithi! the o"+%!i,%tio!. Be$o) %"e the ch%$$e!+es th%t%"e '%ce( /0 i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ i! %!%+e( thei"i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 e4#i&e!t %!( se"*ices.

". %+)4 @)th *30t&r r)3&sAs )e -!o) th%t1 !o)%(%0s is the o(e"! )o"$(. The"e'o"e1 %$$ thetech!o$o+0 th%t is #se( to(%0 ost$0 sho)s the %(*%!ce( tech!o$o+0. We-!o) th%t e(i% tech!o$o+0 o" the co#!ic%tio! tech!o$o+0 is *e"0'%i$i%" to the &eo&$e %!( the i&o"t%!ce thi!+s is to the o"+%!i,%tio! th%t%"e #se( the tech!o$o+0 to i&$ee!t %!( %i!t%i!e( the t%s- i! o"(e" to%chie*e the +o%$s o' %! o"+%!i,%tio!. B#t1 )he! )e (e%$ )ith the %(*%!ce(tech!o$o+01 the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ !ee( to /e c%"e'#$ /0


11/31

#se( the0 ethic%$ i! te" o' co&$ete the t%s-. I! this ties1 the"e %"e osto' cote" *i"#ses %!( %((e( )ith the h%c-e" )hich %$so -!o)! %si!te"!%tio!%$ s&0. He"e1 the cote" sec#"it0 is the c"#ci%$ thi!+ th%t !ee(sto co!si(e" i! the 5e$( o' cote" ethics /0 the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0&"o'essio!%$. B0 the )%01 the &"o/$e th%t is '%ce( /0 the is !ot o! the

&h0sic%$ sec#"it0 /#t i! te" o' $o+ic%$ sec#"it0 $i-e &"i*%c0 %!(co!5(e!ti%$$01 co!t"o$$i!+ %ccess to the "eso#"ces %!( so o!. H%c-e"s )hich%"e the &e"so! )ho /"e%-s i!to soeo!e cote" s0ste )itho#t %!0&e"issio! (i"ect$0 c%! ste%$ the (%t% o' %! o"+%!i,%tio! o" &"i*%c0i!'o"%tio!.>. It&11&t0+1 r*&rt2 r)4hts *&t&, @)th s*/t@+r& *@&rsh). I!this %s&ect o' ch%$$e!+es ethics o" the "i+ht. M%!0 &eo&$e thi!- th%t so't)%"esho#$( /e o)! %/$e. I!te$$ect#%$ &"o&e"t0 is the o!e o' the co!t"o*e"si%$ %"e%so' cote" ethics. Soe &eo&$e thi!- th%t so't)%"e o)!e"shi& !ot /e%$$o)e( %t %$$ %!( %$$ the i!'o"%tio! sho#$( /e '"ee1 %$$ &"o+"%s sho#$( /e%*%i$%/$e 'o" co&0i!+. I! te" o' th%t1 it is *e"0 )"o!+ )%0s %cco"(i!+ o the

$%)s th%t %"e &"o*i(e(. As the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ ethics1the0 !ee( to -!o) )ho t%-e thei" i!te$$ect#%$ &"o&e"t0 &"o&e"$0.7. C*30t&r *,)t)* ) th& @*r;1+& th+t &&, t* & *&rAs the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$1 the ch%$$e!+es th%t the0 '%ce( isco!(itio! o' the cote" itse$'.Bec%#se o' the cote" %$)%0s "#! to %!%+e the (%t% th%t %"e sto"e i! thes0ste %!( to i&$ee!t the (%t%1 %0/e it )i$$ %-e the s0ste (o)!/ec%#se the cote" itse$' (oes !ot "est. Whe! the s0ste (o)! h%&&e!e(th%t )i$$ %-e the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ $%c- o' ethics i! o"(e"to o!ito" the s0ste.9. I/*r3+t)* r)6+2

P"i*%c0 is the o!e o' the cote" ethics th%t !ee( to /e (e*e$o& /0 /$ici!te"est. The ecie!c0 o' the cote" !et)o"- c%! /e #se( to +%the" thei!'o"%tio!1 sto"e1 %!( se%"ch %!( "et"ie*e( the i!'o"%tio! %-i!+ thecote" tech!o$o+0 t"e%ti!+ %!0o!e to -ee& *%"io#s -i!( o' i!'o"%tio!th%t %"e &"i*%c0. It is the ch%$$e!+es %$so th%t %"e '%ce( /0 the i!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$ es&eci%$$0 se!siti*e i!'o"%tio! $i-e e(ic%$ "eco"(.Bec%#se !o)%(%0s1 the &eo&$e thi!- so '%" i! o"(e" to +et the i!'o"%tio!%!( %-e it %s the /%sic i!'o"%tio! th%t is !ot i&o"t%!ce. It is /ec%#se o' the h%c-e" th%t )%!ts the i!'o"%tio!. The"e'o"e1 i!'o"%tio! &"i*%c0!o)%(%0s %$so (oes !ot sec#"e i! h#!("e( &e"ce!t.

5. G1*+1)?+t)* /r+0, ) 0s)4 0s)&ss tr+s+t)*.I! te" o' +$o/%$i,%tio!1 cote" ethics to(%0 is "%&i($0 i!*o$*e( i! o"ei&o"t%!ce 5e$(. It is %$so c%! /e -!o)! % +$o/%$ i!'o"%tio! ethics. G$o/%$!et)o"-s $i-e i!te"!et )i$$ co!!ect &eo&$e %$$ o*e" the )o"$(.G$o/%$i,%tio! "e'e"s to the *%"iet0 o' #se( $i-e +$o/%$ c0/e" /#si!ess1 +$o/%$e(#c%tio! %!( so o!. The )o"$( is *e"0 c$ose to the tech!o$o+0 )hich c%!&"o*i(e e$ect"o!ic &"i*%c0 %!( sec#"it0 o! the i!te"!e i! o"(e" to co!!ect thei!te"!%tio!%$ /#si!ess t"%!s%ctio!s. This ch%$$e!+e is *e"0 '%i$i%" !o)%(%0s1


12/31

/ec%#se i! t"%!s%ctio! o' the /#si!ess to(%0 che%ti!+ %!( '"%#( i! /#si!ess%$)%0s h%&&e!e(.

R&*33&,+t)*s t* +,,r&ss th& h+11&4&s )&*0r+4)4 &th)+1 &h+6)*rs +3*4 )/*r3+t)*t&h*1*42 r*/&ss)*+1.I! "es&o!se to the ch%$$e!+es th%t %"e st%te( %/o*e1 se*e"%$"ecoe!(%tio!s %"e &"o&ose( %s 'o$$o)". G*6&r3&t sh*01, h+6& + str)t +t)* @)th th& *30t&r r)3&. To %(("ess the ch%$$e!+es1 I "ecoe!(e( th%t +o*e"!e!t o' e%ch co#!t"0i! the )o"$( sho#$( /e st"ict to the cote" c"ie /%se( o! the cote"c"ie %ct. The"e1 &eo&$e )ho i!*o$*e( i! the i!*esti+%tio! o' the cote"c"ie sho#$( 5!( the &eo&$e )ho (o the )"o!+ thi!+s i! #si!+ cote" #!ti$the &eo&$e )ho %-e cote" c"ie c%! /e !ishe( so th%t )e c%!"e(#ce( the !#/e" o' cote" c"ie (i"ect$0 %-e it *e"0 c$e%". The"e1 !o+i*e #& %ctio! sho#$( /eh%*e /#t %$)%0s 5!( the )%0s o! ho) to c%tchthe.

>. R&3), th& s*)&t2 +*0t th& It&11&t0+1 Pr*&rt2 At thr*04hth& s&3)+rSoe o' the o"+%!i,%tio! sho#$( o"+%!i,e the sei!%" so th%t %$$ &eo&$ei!*o$*e( i! the sei!%" &"o+"%e( -!o) )h%t % c%! the0 (o %!( )h%t thethi!+s th%t c%!!ot the0 (o )he! the0 (e%$ )ith the %!0 so't)%"e th%t the0#se(. Es&eci%$$01 sei!%" %/o#t the I!te$$ect#%$ P"o&e"t0 Act i! te" o' )h%tis the "&ose o' the %ct1 )h%t c%!!ot the &eo&$e (o the o)!e" o' the thi!+s$i-e so't)%"e o)!e"shi&1 te$$ the )h%t is the i&%ct i' the &eo&$e !otco&$0 )ith the %ct th%t %"e i&$ee!t /0 the +o*e"!e!t.7. D)s0ss @)th th& t&+3 3&3&r +t th& @*r;1+&I! this &oi!t1 th%t I "ecoe!(1 e%!s th%t %$$ the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0&"o'essio!%$ th%t %"e (e%$ )ith the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+01 sho#$( (isc#sse*e"0thi!+ %/o#t the &"o/$e o" the ch%$$e!+es th%t the0 '%ce( i! %!%+ethe tech!o$o+0 %!( the s0ste. Fo" e2%&$e1 )he! &eo&$e #se( t so't)%"e%!( s%$e th%t so't)%"e )itho#t %!0 &e"issio! o' the so't)%"e o)!e"shi&1the0 co#$( (isc#ss %/o#t it o! thei" i!te$$ect#%$ &"o&e"t0 o! ho) to t%-e the%ctio! to the &eo&$e )ho )"o!+ i! th%t sit#%tio!. F"o the (isc#ssio! )iththe te% e/e"1 it )i$$ &"o*i(e o"e (ecisio! %!( the /est (ecisio! )i$$ /e#se( to sett$e th%t &"o/$e. Th%t is the +oo( ethics )he! )o"-i!+ i! the+"o#& %s the i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 &"o'essio!%$.9. T*1, th& s*)&t2 +*0t th& +t */ r)6+2We -!o) th%t1 +o*e"!e!t to(%0 i&$ee!t the %ct o' &"i*%c0 /#t thesociet0 (oes !ot -!o) %/o#t the %ct %!0o"e. It is /ec%#se the societ0 to(%0$%c- o' i!'o"%tio! th%t the0 sho#$( -!o). Whe! )e to$( the %/o#t the %cto' &"i*%c01 the0 )i$$ -!o) )h%t i+ht /e "i+ht %!( )h%t i+ht /e )"o!+.F"o the"e1 the %ct o' &"i*%c0 )i$$ /e c$e%" to the societ0. We c%! (issei!%tethe i!'o"%tio! th"o#+h the &%&h$et1 &oste" %!( so o! )hich "e$%te( to thee(i# th%t the &eo&$e co#$( "e%( %!( he%"( $i-e te$e*isio!1 "%(io %!(othe"s e$ect"o!ic e(i% th"o#+h the i&$ee!t%tio! o' the e!te"t%i!e!ts.


13/31

The %ct o' the &"i*%c0 th%t is i&$ee!ti!+ %t M%$%0si% to(%0 is P"otectio! o' Pe"so!%$ D%t% Act ;


14/31

(isc#ssio! %/o#t the &"o'essio!%$ "es&o!si/i$it0 o' %ssessi!+ the soci%$co!se4#e!ces o' s0stes %!( &ossi/$e )hist$e/$o)i!+ i' %!%+ee!t (oes!ot %ct to iti+%te (%!+e"o#s co!se4#e!ces. I! (isc#ssio! o' Ites .= %!(.1 the co(e e2te!(s &"o&e"t0 "i+hts to "e4#i"e %#tho"i,%tio! 'o" %!0(#&$ic%tio! %!( e2te!(s &"o&e" c"e(it to i!c$#(e c%ses )he"e the"e h%s !ot

/ee! e2&$icit &"otectio! /0 co&0"i+ht o" othe" $e+%$ e%!s. The (isc#ssio! o' &"i*%c0 i! Ite .? i!c$#(es % "es&o!si/i$it0 'o" the i!te+"it0 o' (%t%1 )hich I&"e*io#s$0 i!st%!ce( %s % c$e%" &"o'essio!%$ IT "es&o!si/i$it01 %s )e$$ %s+#i(e$i!es 'o" the h%!($i!+ o' (%t% to &"otect &"i*%c0. The (isc#ssio! o' co!5(e!ti%$it0 i! Ite .@ e!tio!s -ee&i!+ e2&$icit %+"eee!ts /#t %$soe2te!(s it to %!0 i!'o"%tio! !ot (i"ect$0 "e$%te( to &e"'o"%!ce o' o!e3s(#ties. The !e2t sectio!s1 $isti!+ &"o'essio!%$ IT (#ties %!( %!%+e"i%$ (#ties1 %"e%i!$0 i&o"t%!t (#ties e!%/$i!+ o!e to '#!ctio! %s %! IT &"o'essio!%$.I&o"t%!t s#/st%!ti*e (#ties %"e s&e$$e( o#t i! the (isc#ssio! sectio!s. Ic$%ssi'0 these (#ties %s enabling (#ties th%t e!%/$e o!e to '#$5$$ o!e3s c%$$i!+

%s %! IT &"o'essio!%$8 ethical (#ties8 %!( substantive (#ties1 )hich s&e$$ o#tethic%$ "e4#i"ee!ts s&eci5c%$$0 'o" IT &"o'essio!%$s.;. St"i*e 'o" 4#%$it0 :e!%/$i!+>;.; M%i!t%i! &"o'essio!%$ co&ete!ce :e!%/$i!+>;. P"o*i(e 'o" &"o'essio!%$ "e*ie) :e!%/$i!+>;. O/e0 $%)s "e$e*%!t to &"o'essio!%$ )o"- :ethic%$>;. Ho!o" %+"eee!ts :ethic%$> :i!c$#(es % s#/st%!ti*e (#t0 o' &e"so!%$%cco#!t%/i$it0 'o" )o"->;.? I&"o*e /$ic #!(e"st%!(i!+ :e!%/$i!+>;.@ Use IT "eso#"ces o!$0 )he! %#tho"i,e( :e&$o0ee>. Act %&&"o&"i%te$0 )ith "es&ect to soci%$ i&%cts o' IT :e!%/$i!+>

.; Desi+! %!( /#i$( s0stes th%t e!h%!ce the 4#%$it0 o' )o"- e!*i"o!e!t:s#/st%!ti*e>. De5!e +oo( %!( /%( #ses o' the s0ste %!( he$& e!'o"ce &o$icies tos#&&o"t this. :s#/st%!ti*e>. I!c$#(e %$$ %9ecte( /0 % s0ste i! "e4#i"ee!ts (esi+! %!(i&$ee!t%tio!. :s#/st%!ti*e>.= S0stes sho#$( !ot (ee%! #se"s :>. P"o*i(e $e%"!i!+ o&&o"t#!ities 'o" othe" &"o'essio!%$s. :e!%/$i!+> T)o ites %"e ,,$i!+ to e A$tho#+h Ite ;.@1 the (i"ecti*e to #se IT"eso#"ces o!$0 )he! %#tho"i,e(1 sees co""ect1 I % !ot s#"e o' its /%sis. Itsees to /e % (#t0 o' e*e"0 e&$o0ee to #se o"+%!i,%tio!%$ "eso#"ces o!$0

)he! %#tho"i,e( 'o" )o"- "&oses. S#"5!+ the Net o! co&%!0 tie1ho)e*e" coo!1 is sti$$ !ot ethic%$. Yet % (%t%/%se co!s#$t%!t )o#$(&"o/%/$0 h%*e % /"o%(e" sco&e o' %#tho"i,%tio! th%! % (%t% e!t"0 c$e"-%s)e$$ %s o"e &ote!ti%$ to +et to o"e o' the s0ste. So %$tho#+h the /%sis o' the "e4#i"ee!t is o!e3s "o$e %s %! e&$o0ee1 the '%ct th%t the "e4#i"ee!tcoes )ith e2t"% &e"issio!s %!( $iit%tio!s 'o" %! IT &"o'essio!%$ %0 /e %"e%so! 'o" i!c$#(i!+ this (i"ecti*e %s %! ITs&eci5c (#t0.


15/31

A$so1 I h%*e % h%"( tie thi!-i!+ o' e2%&$es 'o" Ite .=1 the "e4#i"ee!tth%t s0stes sho#$( !ot (ee%! #se"s. S0stes c%! /e (e*e$o&e( th%ti!c$#(e o*e"$0 tech!ic%$ o" co&$e2 $%!+#%+e 'o" the #se"s1 /#t this is si&$0/%(1 i!%&&"o&"i%te (esi+!. Fo" s#ch % s0ste to /e (ee%!i!+1 it )o#$( h%*eto /e (o!e )ith i!te!tio!%$ co!te&t 'o" the $ess e(#c%te( #se". A$tho#+h

this %0 h%&&e!1 it h%s !ot %&&e%"e( i! 0 e2&e"ie!ce.Bec%#se these &"o'essio!%$ (#ties )e"e +e!e"%te( %s % $ist )itho#t &"io"ities1it is h%"( to /e co!5(e!t %/o#t ho) co&$ete the0 %"e. As )ith othe" $ists o' ethic%$ "e4#i"ee!ts1 s#ch %s the Te! Co%!(e!ts1 )e !ee( % )%0 to"eso$*e co!icts.? A!( to "eso$*e co!icts1 )e &"o/%/$0 !ee( to %(o&t %!ethic%$ theo"0. Witho#t % /%c-+"o#!( theo"01 )e (o!3t h%*e % +e!e"%$ )%0 to"eso$*e *e"0 &ossi/$e "e%$ co!icts'o" e2%&$e1 /et)ee! co!t"i/#ti!+ to)e$$/ei!+ %!( %*oi(i!+ h%"1 o" /et)ee! /ei!+ '%i" %!( %*oi(i!+ h%". The%#tho"s o' the co(e sho) %)%"e!ess o' this &"o/$e. Fo" e2%&$e1 thecoe!t%"0 o! Ite .1 the ethic%$ (#t0 to /e '%i" %!( t%-e %ctio! !ot to(isc"ii!%te1 %-es c$e%" th%t co""ecti!+ % *io$%tio! o' e4#%$ o&&o"t#!it0 i!

the #se o' cote" "eso#"ces (oes !ot &"o*i(e % /%sis 'o" the *io$%tio! o' %!0 othe" ethic%$ i&e"%ti*es o' the co(e :ACM1 ;>. So '%i"!ess coeso#t %s the $e%st i&o"t%!t o' the ethic%$ co!si(e"%tio!s. This co!c$#sio! is&"o/%/$0 co""ect i! ost c%ses1 /ec%#se *io$%tio!s o' '%i"!ess %!( e4#%$o&&o"t#!it0 c%! o'te! o!$0 /e e%!i!+'#$$0 %(("esse( %t the i!stit#tio!%$$e*e$ o' $%)s %!( co#"t (ecisio!s. B#t s#&&ose )e h%*e % c%se o' "%ci%$(isc"ii!%tio! i! % &"ootio! o" 6o/ %ssi+!e!t1 %!( e*i(e!ce 'o"(isc"ii!%to"0 t"e%te!t is co!t%i!e( i! (oc#e!ts &"otecte( /0 %co!5(e!ti%$it0 %+"eee!t. The co""ect ethic%$ (ecisio! i! this c%se is !otc$e%" c#t1 %s the co(e )o#$( h%*e it.

>. AITP C*,& */ Eth)s

The Associ%tio! o' I!'o"%tio! Tech!o$o+0 P"o'essio!%$s :AITP> Co(e o' Ethicsis %(("esse( to IT &"o'essio!%$s +e!e"%$$0. It is '"%e( i! te"s o' o/$i+%tio!sto 'o#" st%-eho$(e"s %!%+ee!t1 'e$$o) IT &"o'essio!%$s1 societ01 %!(e&$o0e"s. Use"s o' IT %"e !ot e2&$icit$0 e!tio!e( %s % &ote!ti%$ ethic%$$0"e$e*%!t +"o#&1 /#t the Co(e (oes e!tio! %! i&o"t%!t ethic%$co!si(e"%tio! i!*o$*i!+ #se"s. :The AITP Co(e c%! /e 'o#!( %t ))).%it&.o"+.> The AITP Co(e #ses the te" o/$i+%tio! i! % !o!st%!(%"( )%0. O"(i!%"i$01o/$i+%tio!s ste '"o %+"eee!ts %!( %"e (isti!+#ishe( '"o (#ties1 )hich)e %c4#i"e )he! )e %ss#e % +i*e! "o$e )hethe" )e h%*e %! %+"eee!t o"!ot.:These (isti!ctio!s %"e (isc#sse( i! Ch%&te" II1 A B%c-+"o#!( i! Ethic%$

Theo"01 i! the sectio!1 Ri+hts1 D#ties1 O/$i+%tio!s.> The (isti!ctio! is !ote"e$0 te"i!o$o+ic%$it %-es % (i9e"e!ce 'o" the /%sis o' %! o/$i+%tio! o"(#t0. Fo" e2%&$e1 the AITP Co(e e!tio!s "es&ect 'o" co!5(e!ti%$it0 i! %sectio! o! o/$i+%tio! to societ0. B#t the sco&e o' co!5(e!ti%$it0 *%"iessi+!i5c%!t$0 /et)ee! o"+%!i,%tio!ssoe t"e%t %$ost %$$ i!'o"%tio! %sco&etiti*e %!( he!ce !ot to /e (issei!%te(1 )he"e%s othe"s "e4#i"e o&e!e2ch%!+e o' i!'o"%tio! to '#!ctio!. So )h%t is &"o&e"$0 %! o/$i+%tio! toco!5(e!ti%$it0 is /%se( o! -ee&i!+ % co!5(e!ti%$it0 %+"eee!t s&eci5c to the


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o"+%!i,%tio!.@ I! this c%se1 the AITP Co(e (oes co""ect$0 i(e!ti'0 the ite o' co!ce"! %s %! o/$i+%tio!1 /#t %tt"i/#tes the o/$i+%tio! to the )"o!+st%-eho$(e" the o/$i+%tio! is "e%$$0 to the o"+%!i,%tio!1 !ot societ01 %!( itsco!te!t is (ete"i!e( /0 the o"+%!i,%tio!3s co!5(e!ti%$it0 %+"eee!t.O! the othe" h%!(1 the AITP Co(e e!tio!s !ot t%-i!+ %(*%!t%+e o' the $%c-

o' -!o)$e(+e o" i!e2&e"ie!ce o! the &%"t o' othe"s #!(e" %! o/$i+%tio! to%!%+ee!t. This sees "%the" to /e % s&eci%$ (#t0 o' %! IT &"o'essio!%$1to /e o/se"*e( "e+%"($ess o' e&$o0e!t o" co!s#$ti!+ %+"eee!ts )ith %!e&$o0e" o" %!%+ee!t. O!e %c4#i"es the (#t0 )he! o!e %(o&ts thec%$$i!+ o' IT &"o'essio!%$. The (#t0 %$so sees to e2te!( to #se"s %s )e$$ %s%!%+ee!t. The 'o$$o)i!+ t%/$e :T%/$e > is 0 "eo"+%!i,%tio! o' the ethic%$co!si(e"%tio!s o' the AITP Co(e. The0 %"e so"te( /0 ethic%$ t0&e :ch%"%cte"t"%it1 (#t01 o" o/$i+%tio!>. A$so1 $i-e ites h%*e /ee! co/i!e(1 %!( the $%stco$#! "e&$%ces o/$i+%tio! to i! the o"i+i!%$ AITP Co(e. I /e$ie*e )ho/e!e5ts is c$ose" to )h%t the AITP h%( i! i!(.

Reo"+%!i,e( i! this )%01 ost o' the ethic%$ co!si(e"%tio!s $iste( i! the AITPCo(e t#"! o#t to /e )h%t I % c%$$i!+ (#ties. A+%i!1 the te"i!o$o+01 i! %!(o' itse$'1 is !ot i&o"t%!t. The (i9e"e!ce /et)ee! % (#t0 %!( %! o/$i+%tio! isth%t %! o/$i+%tio! is soethi!+ o!e %ss#es /0 %! %+"eee!t1 o'te! e2&$icit8)he"e%s % (#t0 is soethi!+ o!e is s#/6ect to %s soo! %s o!e %ss#es %"o$e.:A c%$$i!+3 is %$so % "o$e>. The $%st th"ee ites o! the "eo"+%!i,e( $ist %"eo/$i+%tio!s The o/$i+%tio! to o/e0 the $%)s is /%se( o! )h%t is o'te! c%$$e(t%cit co!se!t1 !%e$01 co!ti!#i!+ to $i*e i! the co#!t"0 %!( %cce&t its/e!e5ts :Loc-e1. The o/$i+%tio! to #&ho$( the /0$%)s o' AITP %!( to coo&e"%te is /%se(

o! %! i!(i*i(#%$3s %+"eee!t to /e % e/e". A!( the o/$i+%tio! to #&ho$(co!5(e!ti%$it0 is /%se( o! %! e&$o0ee3s %+"eee!t )ith his o" he"e&$o0e".A$$ the othe" &"ece(i!+ co!si(e"%tio!s %"e (i9e"e!t. The 5"st t)o c%$$ 'o" thech%"%cte" t"%it o' ho!est0 %!( its e2e"cise i! !ot '%$se$0 c$%ii!+ c"e(it 'o"othe"s3 )o"-. This is )o"th "ei!(i!+ &eo&$e o' %!( se"*es to se&%"%te the IT&"o'essio! '"o the (isho!est &"o'essio!s o' thie*e"01 ("#+ (e%$i!+1 %!( soo!.B#t it %0 !ot /e !ecess%"0 to i!c$#(e this s&eci5c%$$0 i! % &"o'essio!%$ co(eo' ethics. Pe"h%&s the +e!e"%$ st%tee!t th%t ethic%$ /eh%*io" is1 o' co#"se1e2&ecte( o' IT &"o'essio!%$s )o#$( /e s#cie!t.

The "e%i!i!+ (#ties %"e o)e( to th"ee /%sic +"o#&s E&$o0e"s1 the ITP"o'essio!1 %!( Use"s. The (#ties to e&$o0e"s o!e %c4#i"es /0 /ecoi!+ %!e&$o0ee. The (#t0 to %cce&t "es&o!si/i$it0 %!( !ot is#se %#tho"it0"e4#i"es % /it o"e1 !%e$01 th%t o!e /e +i*e! %#tho"it0 %s e&$o0ee o"%!%+e". B#t %$$ o' these (#ties to e&$o0e"s %"e (#ties o' every e&$o0ee!%e$0 %*oi(i!+ co!icts o' i!te"est1 &"otecti!+ e&$o0e" i!te"ests1 !otis"e&"ese!ti!+ o" )ithho$(i!+ -!o)$e(+e1 %!( !ot #si!+ e&$o0e""eso#"ces 'o" o!e3s o)! "&oses. The0 %"e i!(ee( (#ties /ec%#se o!e c%!3t


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+et o#t o' the /0 s%0i!+ th%t o!e (i(!3t %+"ee to the o" !o o!e to$( e%/o#t the. Soeo!e )ho s%0sNo o!e to$( e !ot to %-e &ho!e c%$$s to 0 %#!t i! the U-"%i!e o! theco&%!0 (ie1 is !ot $i-e$0 to /e %! e&$o0ee 'o" $o!+. A+%i!1 /ec%#sethese %"e (e5!ite$0 !ot s&eci5c to IT &"o'essio!%$s1 it is !ot o/*io#s th%t the0

/e$o!+ i! % co(e o' IT &"o'essio!%$ ethics.Ho)e*e"1 it %0 o!ce %+%i! /e th%t these %"e%s !ee( to /e /"o#+ht to the%tte!tio! o' IT &"o'essio!%$s /ec%#se IT &"o'essio!%$s h%*e o"e o&&o"t#!it0to t"%!s+"ess i! these %"e%s. Co!icts o' i!te"est %!( #si!+ e&$o0e""eso#"ces 'o" o!e3s o)! "&oses c%! %"ise i! #!e2&ecte( )%0s )ithi! %! IT&"o'essio!%$ co!te2t1 %!( so s&eci%$ c%"e %0 !ee( to /e t%-e! to %*oi(the. So it %0 /e )o"th i!c$#(i!+ the i! % co(e o' IT &"o'essio!%$ ethics. The "e%i!i!+ (#ties %"e (e5!ite$0 +oo( c%!(i(%tes 'o" ethic%$"es&o!si/i$ities1 s&eci5c%$$0 o' the IT &"o'essio!%$Q To &"oote %!%+ee!t #!(e"st%!(i!+ o' IT8Q To (issei!%te IT -!o)$e(+e8

Q Not to is"e&"ese!t IT c%&%/i$ities8Q To coo&e"%te i! i(e!ti'0i!+ %!( so$*i!+ IT &"o/$es8 %!(Q Not to e2&$oit s0ste )e%-!esses 'o" o!e3s o)! "&oses.

A$$ e2ce&t the $%st %"e )h%t I c%$$e( enabling (#tiesthe0 e!%/$e the IT&"o'essio!%$ to '#$5$$ his o" he" c%$$i!+. The $%st is % s#/st%!ti*e (#t0 o' IT&"o'essio!%$s. Not %$$ &"o'essio!s )o#$( e!(o"se % "e4#i"ee!t !ot to e2&$oits0ste )e%-!esses&%"t o' )h%t $%)0e"s (o is to e2&$oit )e%-!esses i! the$e+%$ s0ste.So1 i! '%ct1 the AITP Co(e "e%$$0 i!c$#(es o!$0 o!e s#/st%!ti*e IT &"o'essio!%$(#t01 %s )e$$ %s soe e!%/$i!+ (#ties 'o" IT &"o'essio!%$s %!( %!0 +e!e"%$

(#ties.7. S*/t@+r& E4)&&r)4 C*,& */ Eth)s +, Pr*/&ss)*+1Pr+t)& The So't)%"e E!+i!ee"i!+ Co(e o' Ethics %!( P"o'essio!%$ P"%ctice :SEC>:@>1 (e*e$o&e( /0 % 6oi!t t%s- 'o"ce o' the Cote" Societ0 o' theI!stit#te o' E$ect"ic%$ %!( E$ect"o!ic E!+i!ee"s :IEEECS> %!( the ACM1'oc#ses o! So't)%"e E!+i!ee"i!+ %s the "e$e*%!t &"o'essio!. Bec%#se thisco(e is *e"0 #ch %)%"e o' so't)%"e e!+i!ee"i!+ %s e/e((e( i! %! ITco!te2t1 it is he$&'#$ i! i(e!ti'0i!+ o"e +e!e"%$ IT &"o'essio!%$ (#ties. TheSEC co!sists o' ei+ht &"i!ci&$es th%t e2&"ess ethic%$$0 "es&o!si/$e"e$%tio!shi&s "e$%te( to so't)%"e (e*e$o&e!t. E%ch o' those &"i!ci&$es +i*es

"ise to o/$i+%tio!s :o"1 I )o#$( %((1 (#ties> th%t %"e 'o#!(e( i! the so't)%"ee!+i!ee"3s h#%!it01 s&eci%$ c%"e o)e( to &eo&$e %9ecte( /0 the )o"- o' so't)%"e e!+i!ee"s1 %!( the #!i4#e e$ee!ts o' the &"%ctice o' So't)%"eE!+i!ee"i!+ :SEEP E2ec#ti*e Coittee1@>.

The ei+ht &"i!ci&$es %"e th%t so't)%"e e!+i!ee"s sh%$$. P01): Act co!siste!t$0 )ith the /$ic i!te"est.


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19/31

(i"ecti*es %"e o/$i+%tio!s %!( (#ties o)e( to IT &"o'essio!%$s1 "%the" th%!o/$i+%tio!s %!( (#ties of IT &"o'essio!%$s. These "es&o!si/i$ities )i$$ /e(isc#sse( sho"t$0 i! the sectio! o! M%!%+ee!t Co!icts. The 5!%$ sectio!s o! P"o'essio!1 Co$$e%+#es1 %!( Se$' %"e %i!$0 (e*ote( toenabling (#ties th%t e!%/$e %! i!(i*i(#%$ to '#!ctio! )e$$ %s % &"o'essio!%$

#t#%$ s#&&o"t1 ho!est01 %!( -ee&i!+ c#""e!t. A st"i-i!+ co!ce"! !ot &"ese!ti! the othe" co(es is th%t the SEC is to /e t%-e! %s (e5!iti*e o' ethic%$/eh%*io" 'o" % so't)%"e e!+i!ee"1 %!( the Co(e itse$' is to /e &"oote( %s %!ethic%$ st%!(%"( )ithi! %!( )itho#t the &"o'essio!. A$tho#+h this is %$%#(%/$e +o%$1 co!si(e"%/$0 o"e i!stit#tio!%$ /%c-#& is &"o/%/$0 !ecess%"0to %-e it stic-1 &"o/%/$0 i!c$#(i!+ )i(e$0 %cce&te( c"e(e!ti%$i!+ 'o" IT&"o'essio!%$s. Ho) e*e"1 "ece!t %tte&ts to $ice!se IT &"o'essio!%$s h%*e et)ith ACM o&&ositio!

E-Pr*1&3sI o/se"*e( th%t !e) #ses o' IT )i$$ /e /#i$t o! 'o#" /%sic 'e%t#"es o' i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0• Speed o' i!'o"%tio! &"ocessi!+Q U!$iite( si,e o' i!'o"%tio! storage c%&%cit0• Availability o' i!'o"%tio! %t %!0 $oc%tio! :co!!ecti*it0>Q E%s0 reproduction o' (i+it%$ i!'o"%tio! These 'e%t#"es co/i!e i! %!0 (i9e"e!t )%0s to &"o(#ce the *%"io#s%&&$ic%tio!s o' IT th%t +i*e "ise /oth to !e) /e!e5ts %!( to !e) ethic%$&"o/$es. B#t1 6#st %s !e) %!( #!&"e(ict%/$e #ses o' i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0

%"ise )ith soe "e+#$%"it01 so (o !e) %!( #!&"e(ict%/$e ethic%$ &"o/$es. I)i$$ (e5!e %! e-problem %s %! ethic%$ &"o/$e th%t %"ises %s % "es#$t o' o!eo' the 'o#" 'e%t#"es o' IT $iste( %/o*e. I! this ch%&te"1 I )i$$ e2%i!e 5*e#!e2&ecte( %!( (ic#$t e&"o/$esQ S+1&s T+8: Sho#$( s%$es t%2 /e co$$ecte( o! We//%se( t"%!s%ctio!s I' so1)he"e %!( /0 )hose "#$es I' !ot1 is!3t this %! #!'%i" %(*%!t%+e 'o" e/#si!essesQ P+&r1&ss Tr+s+t)*s: Ho) (oes e$ii!%ti!+ &%&e" %9ect those )itho#tcote"s1 es&eci%$$0 those $ess )e$$o9 Ho) (oes o!e est%/$ish t"#st %!(%&&"o&"i%te co!t"o$s )itho#t % &%&e" t"%i$Q %r+0,01&t C*)&s: With % (ece!t &"i!te"1 it is *e"0 e%s0 to (#&$ic%te*i"t#%$$0 %!0 (oc#e!t o" &ict#"e)ith o" )itho#t o(i5c%tio!s. This %$so%-es it e%s0 to &"o(#ce '"%#(#$e!t &ict#"es. It is e%s0 %$so to &"o(#ceseei!+$0 %#the!tic "e4#ests 'o" co!5(e!ti%$ i!'o"%tio!.Q S+3: Sho#$( '"ee(o o' s&eech %$$o) so #ch s&eech th%t s&eech i! the'o" o' e%i$ is itse$' 6eo&%"(i,e(Q D+t)4S&8: The I!te"!et e!%/$es "e%(0 %ccess to se2#%$ &%"t!e"s %!((%ti!+. Does IT :the I!te"!et> %(( %!0thi!+ !e) '"o %! ethic%$ &e"s&ecti*e


20/31

S+1&s T+8Sho#$( s%$es t%2 /e co$$ecte( o! We//%se( t"%!s%ctio!s I' so1 )he"e %!( /0)hose "#$es I' !ot1 is!3t this %! #!'%i" %(*%!t%+e 'o" e/#si!esses Wh%t%-es this %! e&"o/$e is the IT &"o&e"t0 o' co!!ecti*it0the %*%i$%/i$it0 o' i!'o"%tio! %t %!0 $oc%tio!. S%$es t%2 is co$$ecte( /0 st%tes1 %!( e%ch st%te

sets its o)! &e"ce!t%+e %!( its o)! $ist o' )h%t is t%2%/$e %!( )h%t is !ot. The t%2 is co$$ecte( o! t"%!s%ctio!s (o!e /0 /#si!esses )ith % &h0sic%$&"ese!ce i! th%t st%te. T)o U.S. S#&"ee Co#"t "#$i!+s 'o#!( th%t it )o#$( /e%! e2cessi*e /#"(e! 'o" %i$o"(e" co&%!ies to co&$0 )ith ?1


21/31

Co#"t3s +"o#!(s 'o" e2e&ti!+ /#si!esses co""ect '"o the &oi!t o' *ie) o' 6#stice1 !%e$01 the /#"(e! c%#se( /0 h%*i!+ to co&$0 )ith % h#+e !#/e"o' ch%!+i!+ "#$es &"o#$+%te( /0 % h#+e !#/e" o' 6#"is(ictio!s; To /e+i! the (isc#ssio!1 $et #s %ss#e th%t the s%$es t%2 itse$' is % "e%so!%/$0 6#st i!stit#tio!. Fo" *%"io#s "e%so!s1 it %0 /e the o!$0 )%0 ce"t%i!

6#"is(ictio!s c%! o/t%i! '#!(s 'o" %cti*ities /e$o!+i!+ to % 6#st societ0 :&o$ice&"otectio!1 he%$th c%"e1 etc.>1 e*e! tho#+h the t%2 is co""ect$0 (esc"i/e( %s"e+"essi*e i! t%-i!+ % si+!i5c%!t$0 +"e%te" sh%"e '"o $o)e" i!coei!(i*i(#%$s. The o"e i&o"t%!t co!si(e"%tio! is th%t I!te"!et /#si!esst"%!s%ctio!s si&$0 (o !ot t%-e &$%ce %t % 'e) s&eci5c &h0sic%$ $oc%tio!s. The(isti!cti*e IT &"o&e"t0 o' %*%i$%/i$it0 o' i!'o"%tio! %t %!0 $oc%tio! t"%!s'o"sthe %/i$it0 to $oc%te % s%$es t"%!s%ctio!.M%i$o"(e" :%!( &ho!eo"(e"> s%$es t"%!s%ctio!s sti$$ t%-e &$%ce %t &%"tic#$%"&h0sic%$ $oc%tio!s. The se$$i!+ o"+%!i,%tio! h%s its o&e"%tio!s %t o!e &$%ce1%!( the c#stoe" is %t %!othe". B#t )ith IT1 the *%"io#s &%"ts o' % s%$est"%!s%ctio! c%! e%si$0 /e sc%tte"e( %c"oss !ot o!$0 %!0 st%tes /#t %!0

co#!t"ies. F"o the &oi!t o' *ie) o' 6#stice1 the t%2 sho#$( /e co$$ecte( %t the&oi!t )he"e it s#&&o"ts the i!'"%st"#ct#"e !ee(e( 'o" coe"ci%$t"%!s%ctio!s /et)ee! se$$e" %!( c#stoe". A!( the se$$e" sho#$( /e"es&o!si/$e 'o" -!o)i!+ o!$0 the t%2 "#$es 'o" the %"e%s i! )hich it (oes/#si!ess :%!(1 the"e'o"e1 h%s soe "es&o!si/i$it0 'o" co!t"i/#ti!+ to thei!'"%st"#ct#"e !ee(e( 'o" coe"ce>. B#t it is (i9e"e!t )he! the %"-eti!+is &$%!!e( i! S%! F"%!cisco1 %!( e2ec#te( o! % se"*e" i! Ne) Je"se01 %!( theo"(e" i!'o"%tio! is t%-e! '"o % c#stoe" i! Io)%1 %!( &"ocesse( /0soeo!e i! I"e$%!(1 %!( shi&&i!+ is coo"(i!%te( i! Se%tt$e 'o" shi&e!t '"o% )%"eho#se i! Co$o"%(o1 %!( &%0e!ts %"e &"ocesse( i! the B%h%%s1 %!(4#estio!s %/o#t the t"%!s%ctio! %"e h%!($e( i! B%!+%$o"e. Whe"e is the

&h0sic%$ &"ese!ce o' s#ch % co&%!0 The S#&"eeCo#"t3s S%$es T%2 Loc%tio! P"i!ci&$e !o $o!+e" sees to %&&$0. The co!si(e"%tio! o' 6#stice #!(e"$0i!+ the $oc%tio! o' the co$$ectio! o' s%$est%2 is he$&i!+ to s#&&o"t the i!'"%st"#ct#"e o' the $oc%tio! )he"e 0o# (o/#si!ess.So it sees *e"0 )"o!+he%(e( to %tte&t to e2te!( t"%(itio!%$ s%$es t%2co$$ectio! to e/#si!esses. The"e )o#$( /e soe 6#stice i! h%*i!+ % se&%"%te!%tio!%$ :o" e*e! i!te"!%tio!%$> t%2 to he$& s#&&o"t the IT i!'"%st"#ct#"e. B#tthe"e is !o "e4#i"ee!t i! % %"-et eco!o0 to %-e $i'e s%'e 'o" /"ic-%!(o"t%" co&%!ies. Withi! % %"-et eco!o01 co&etitio! sho#$( (eci(e. The"e is !o "e4#i"ee!t o' 6#stice1 %!(1 i!(ee(1 it )o#$( /e is#se o'

+o*e"!e!t &o)e" to #se +o*e"!e!t "e(ist"i/#ti*e &o)e" to %-et"%(itio!%$ /#si!esses co&etiti*e. It )o#$( /e 6#st %s i!%&&"o&"i%te 'o" the+o*e"!e!t to &"e*e!t %i"$i!es '"o ch%"+i!+ $ess 'o" etic-ets e*e! tho#+ht"%*e$ %+e!ts %"e t o#t o' )o"-. A ce"t%i! %o#!t o' eco!oic (is$oc%tio!is &%"t o' the )o"-i!+s o' % '"ee %"-et1 %!(1 %s )e !ote( i! Ch%&te" V1 J#stice i! % M%"-etEco!o01 % %"-et eco!o0 is %! i&o"t%!t i!stit#tio! he$&i!+ o#" societ0s%tis5es the P"i!ci&$es o' J#stice :R%)$s1 >.


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P+&r1&ss Tr+s+t)*s The s&ee(1 sto"%+e1 %!( "e&"o(#ci/i$it0 'e%t#"es o' IT &"o(#ce st"o!+ "e%so!sto e$ii!%te o" i!ii,e the #se o' &%&e" 'o" %!0 t"%!s%ctio!s. T)o(i9e"e!t t0&es o' ethic%$ iss#es %"ise %s % "es#$t. The 5"st is %$o!+ the $i!es o' &"o'essio!%$ (#t0 Ho) (oes o!e est%/$ish t"#st %!( %&&"o&"i%te co!t"o$s

)itho#t % &%&e" t"%i$ The seco!( is % (i+it%$ (i*i(e iss#e Ho) (oese$ii!%ti!+ &%&e" %9ect those )itho#t cote"s1 es&eci%$$0 those $ess )e$$o9 Soe co$$e+es o!$0 %cce&t o!$i!e %&&$ic%tio!s. A!( o!$0 st#(e!ts )ith"e%(0 %ccess to cote"s c%! %*%i$ these$*es o' o!$i!e co#"ses.As soo! %s % +oo( (e%$ o' t"%!s%ctio! %!( %!%+e"i%$ i!'o"%tio! ise$ect"o!ic "%the" th%! &%&e"/%se(1 the !%t#"e o' /oth i!te"!%$ %!( e2te"!%$%#(iti!+ ch%!+es. The t)o t"%(itio!%$ choices %"e A#(iti!+ %"o#!( thecote"1 %!( %#(iti!+ th"o#+h the cote". The 5"st choice1 %#(iti!+%"o#!( the cote"1 'oc#ses o! :&%&e"> o#tt %!( i!t. It is !ot $i-e$0 to/e "ecoe!(e( these (%0s1 !o" is it &%"tic#$%"$0 ethic%$ /ec%#se it )i$$ !ot"e*e%$ (e'ects c%#se( /0 cote" &"ocessi!+. The seco!( choice1 %#(iti!+

th"o#+h the cote"1 "e4#i"es chec-i!+ the %ct#%$ &"ocessi!+ (o!e to&"o(#ce the o#tt. T0&ic%$$01 s%&$e (%t% is %ct#%$$0 "#! th"o#+h thes0ste. Th#s1 /#si!ess s0stes th%t "e$0 o! IT "%the" th%! &%&e" &"o(#ce % ch%!+e i!the (#ties o' %#(ito"s :i!c$#(i!+ %!%+e"s "es&o!si/$e 'o" the %cc#"%c0 o' co!t"o$ "e&o"ti!+>. It is the %#(ito"3s &"o'essio!%$ (#t0 to /e IT$ite"%te e!o#+hto #!(e"st%!( ho) the co&%!03s s0ste '#!ctio!s %!( its &ote!ti%$ 'o"e""o". This c%! /e % t%$$ o"(e". I "ec%$$ soe 0e%"s %+o % 0e%"$0 +"oss &"o5t "e&o"tc%$c#$%te( i! t)o (i9e"e!t )%0s /0 t)o (i9e"e!t (e&%"te!ts1 &"es#%/$0'"o the s%e (%t%. Whe! the"e )%s % =. A"ethose )o"st o9 %(e /ette" o9 /ec%#se o' the (is%&&e%"%!ce o' &%&e" Thisis1 %s I !ote(1 % (i+it%$ (i*i(e t0&e iss#e. As I !ote( i! Ch%&te" V1 J#stice i!% M%"-et Eco!o01 6#stices&eci5c%$$0 the seco!( P"i!ci&$e o' J#stice"e4#i"es o"e th%! &eo&$e h%*i!+ e4#%$ %ccess to cote"s. Fo" the


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(ist"i/#tio! o' IT to /e 6#st1 it #st te!( to i&"o*e the $i'e &"os&ects o' those )ho %"e )o"st o9.=I! the c%se o' the "e(#ctio! o' &%&e"1 6#stice "e4#i"es th%t soethi!+ /e (o!eto %e$io"%te &ossi/$e "e(#ce( %ccess to &%&e" )he! th%t %-es % (i9e"e!cei! the 6#stice o' the sit#%tio!. Fo" e2%&$e1 6o/ %&&$ic%tio!s %!( %&&$ic%tio!s

'o" %(issio!s to co$$e+e %(e &%&e"$ess "es#$t i! % si+!i5c%!t "e(#ctio! o' e4#%$it0 o' o&&o"t#!it0 'o" those )itho#t %ccess to cote"s. I! soeco#!t"ies1 s#ch %s Me2ico1 I!te"!et c%'es %"e so #/i4#ito#s %!( so "e%so!%/$eth%t the"e is !o &"o/$e %/o#t %ccess. B#t i! the U!ite( St%tes1 I!te"!etc%'es %"e "%"e.Li/"%"ies %!( /$ic schoo$s te!( to h%*e cote"s %ccessi/$e to those)itho#t the !ecess%"0 '#!(s to h%*e thei" o)! cote"s1 /#t it sti$$ !ee(sto /e c$e%" th%t e4#%$it0 o' o&&o"t#!it0 is !ot (ii!ishe(. I! %!0 c%se1%-i!+ 6o/ o" schoo$ %&&$ic%tio!s &%&e"$ess )itho#t co!si(e"i!+ the &ote!ti%$i&%ct o! e4#%$it0 o' o&&o"t#!it0 is c$e%"$0 #!6#st.Soe o' the s%e co!si(e"%tio!s %&&$0 to o!$i!e c$%sses o9e"e( /0 /$ic

#!i*e"sities. I' %ccess is $iite( to those /ette" o9 i! ties )he! the"e is %sho"t%+e o' c$%sses1 it is h%"( to 6#sti'0 o9e"i!+ o!$i!e c$%sses %t the e2&e!seo' those o"e %*%i$%/$e to %$$. Ho)e*e"1 the (is%(*%!t%+e %0 /e o9set i' the schoo$ h%s s#cie!t cote"s %*%i$%/$e 'o" st#(e!ts so th%t%ccessi/i$it0 is !ot %! iss#e. A+%i!1 6#stice "e4#i"es th%t o!e t%-e i!to %cco#!t&ote!ti%$ e4#%$it0 o' o&&o"t#!it0 &"o/$es )he! schoo$ "eso#"ces c%! /e%ccesse( o!$0 o*e" % cote".

%r+0,01&t C*)&sWith % (ece!t &"i!te"1 it is *e"0 e%s0 to (#&$ic%te *i"t#%$$0 %!0 (oc#e!t o"

&ict#"e)ith o" )itho#t o(i5c%tio!s. This %$so %-es it e%s0 to &"o(#ce'"%#(#$e!t &ict#"es1 %!( seei!+$0 %#the!tic "e4#ests 'o" co!5(e!ti%$i!'o"%tio!. This is % co!se4#e!ce o' the e%s0 "e&"o(#ctio! 'e%t#"e o' IT.With the #se o' IT1 %! i&o"t%!t se+e!t o' o!e3s i(e!tit0 is (i+iti,e(. This(i+it%$ e2te!sio! o' o!e3s &e"so!%$it0 c%! /e *#$!e"%/$e to the't %!( is#se.I(e!tit0 the't is /ecoi!+ % o"e '"e4#e!t c"ie. E%"$0 *e"sio!s i!*o$*e(si&$0 o/t%i!i!+ c"e(it c%"( !#/e"s '"o &%&e" co&ies i! the t"%sh o"(#&$ic%ti!+ the !#/e"s )he! e!te"e(. P"ec%#tio!s %+%i!st this -i!( o' the'ti!c$#(e( !e*e" &"i!ti!+ :o" e%i$i!+> co&ies o' the )ho$e !#/e". Mo"e"ece!t$01 o!e '"%#(#$e!t tech!i4#e :(#//e( &hishi!+> is to e%i$ /o+#s

"e4#ests 'o" co!5"%tio! o' %cco#!t i!'o"%tio!. I &e"so!%$$0 "e+#$%"$0e2&e"ie!ce % c$e*e" *e"sio! th%t co!t%i!s the $o+o o' 0 :%6o"> /%!- %!(iics %! oci%$ %!!o#!cee!t *e"0 )e$$. The "e%so! +i*e! 'o" the !ee( 'o"*e"i5c%tio! )%s the &"e*%$e!ce o' i(e!tit0 the't I!c$#(e( )%s % "e4#est 'o" %&"o&t "es&o!se )ith the )%"!i!+ th%t othe")ise %cco#!ts )o#$( /es#s&e!(e(. A sec#"e se"*e" )%s #se( %s )e$$ost o' the t"%&&i!+s o' %$e+iti%te "e4#est.


24/31

A &ho!e c%$$ to 0 /%!- co!5"e( th%t the "e4#est )%s '"%#(#$e!t. A!o/*io#s /%c-+"o#!( 4#estio! is1 Ho) (i( the iics -!o) to e%i$ eAs it t#"!e( o#t1 the0 )e"e &"o/%/$0 6#st 5shi!+1 %!( the0 +ot 0 e%i$%(("ess '"o o!e o' % !#/e" o' We/ sites I #se(. This h0&othesis )%sco!5"e( )he! I +ot sii$%" "e4#ests '"o t)o othe" $%"+e /%!-s )he"e I (i(

!ot h%*e %cco#!ts.O' co#"se1 the"e is !o 4#estio! %/o#t the ethic%$ st%t#s o' i(e!tit0 the't %!(/o+#s "e4#ests 'o" co!5(e!ti%$ i!'o"%tio!. The0 %"e /oth hi+h$0 #!ethic%$%s )e$$ %s i$$e+%$. So too )o#$( /e (octo"i!+ &ict#"es to $e%( to '%$seco!c$#sio!s1 e2ce&t i! % 5ctio!%$ co!te2t. Whe! e2P"esi(e!t C$i!to! %&&e%"s)ith 5ctio!%$ ch%"%cte"s i! the 5$ $ontact 1 the co!te2t %-es it c$e%" th%this &"ese!ce is 5ctio!%$. Ethic%$$0 o"e t"ic-0 #ses o' e%s0 (i+it%$"e&"o(#ctio! )e"e (isc#sse( i! the &"e*io#s ch%&te"1 Ch%&te" I1 Co&0"i+ht%!( Pi"%c0.

S+3M%!0 othe" &"o/$es %/o#t the is#se o' e%i$ %"e sii$%" to the &"e*io#s

&"o/$e o' '"%#(#$e!t co&ies. The0 %"e !ot so #ch ethic%$ &"o/$es %s&"o/$es o' e!'o"cee!t. B#t s&%1 th%t is1 %!o!0o#s #!so$icite( e%i$1(oes "%ise 4#estio!s %/o#t '"ee(o o' s&eech o! the I!te"!et. S&% h%s/ee! co&%"e( to #!so$icite( %(*e"tisi!+ %i$1 /#t o!e o/*io#s (i9e"e!ce isthe *o$#e. Th"o)i!+ %)%0 6#!- %i$ is % i!o" %!!o0%!ce. Getti!+ "i( o' s&% is tieco!s#i!+. A!othe" (i9e"e!ce is co!te!t. I (o!3t +et 6#!- %i$s%0i!+9est 2riiiices9est Selectiooooooon! Th%t is the co!te!t o' % s&% e%i$ "ece!t$0 "ecei*e(. Li-e % $ot o' s&% I"ecei*e1 it is tot%$$0 &oi!t$ess. It )o#$( /e $i-e "ecei*i!+ (o,e!s o' &ho!e c%$$s

)he"e the s&e%-e" o! the othe" e!( &"o(#ce( e%!i!+$ess +i//e"ish. Wh%tthis h%s to (o )ith s&eech o" coe"ce is /e0o!( e.I thi!- the Ri+ht to P"i*%c0 h%s to h%*e &"io"it0 o*e" #!so$icite( '"ee(o o' s&eech to /e e%!i!+'#$. The Ri+ht to P"i*%c0 )%s st%te( %s 'o$$o)s:ach individual has the right to ;eep to him- or herself all matters not in thelegitimate interest of the public! This sho#$( i!c$#(e )ho o!e )ishes to co#!ic%te )ith1 #!$ess the"e is %$e+iti%te /$ic i!te"est. No $e+iti%te /$ic i!te"est is se"*e( /0 "ecei*i!+#!so$icite( co#!ic%tio!s1 e2ce&t co#!ic%tio!s '"o % $e+iti%te%#tho"it0.We sho#$( si&$0 "e4#i"e %$$ #!so$icite( e%i$ ess%+es to co!t%i! %!o&to#t %(("ess :this i+ht /e %cco&$ishe( si&$0 /0 &"ohi/iti!+ &ho!0"et#"! %(("esses>1 )ith 5!es 'o" *io$%to"s )ho i+!o"e o&to#t "e4#ests %!(5!es o" sh#t(o)! 'o" se"*e"s )ho &e"siste!t$0 h%"/o" *io$%to"s.A$$ 5"st&"i!ci&$e '"ee(os %!( "i+hts %"e $iite( /0 e%ch othe"the0 c%!3t %$$/e e2e"cise( to the '#$$est e2te!t )itho#t co!icti!+. The c$%ssic e2%&$e issho#ti!+ Fi"e i! % c"o)(e( the%te". F"ee(o o' s&eech is "est"icte( 'o" thes%-e o' %!othe" $i/e"t01 s&eci5c%$$0 '"ee(o '"o &h0sic%$ %ss%#$t. I! the


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c%se o' s&%1 '"ee(o o' s&eech co#$( /e "est"icte( 'o" the s%-e o' &"i*%c01es&eci%$$0 si!ce the"e is !o /$ic i!te"est i! 'o"ci!+ %! i!(i*i(#%$ to (e%$ )ith% co#!ic%tio! he o" she (i( !ot co!se!t to /e &%"t0 to.

D+t)4S&8

It is !ot ie(i%te$0 c$e%" th%t the I!te"!et h%s i!t"o(#ce( %!0 !e) ethic%$iss#es i! the %"e%s o' (%ti!+ %!( se2. The I!te"!et e!%/$es "e%(0 %ccess tose2#%$ &%"t!e"s %!( (%ti!+. Wh%t is &e"h%&s !e) is (#e to %*%i$%/i$it0 o' i!'o"%tio! %t %!0 $oc%tio!. Peo&$e i! s%$$ to)!s %!( "#"%$ $oc%tio!ss#((e!$0 h%*e the s%e %*%i$%/i$it0 o' se2#%$ &%"t!e"s %s those i! (e!se$0&o$%te( /i+ cities. The othe" 'e%t#"e o' e%i$ %!( the We/ th%t %-es %(i9e"e!ce 'o" this iss#e is the $%c- o' ce!so"shi& o! the I!te"!et. I! &%"t1 thisis /ec%#se o' i!he"e!t I!te"!et (esi+! 'e%t#"es!o o!e h%s to +o th"o#+h %ce!t"%$ cote" to /e o! the I!te"!et1 %!(1 th#s1 e9ecti*e o!ito"i!+ isi&ossi/$e. Chi!% h%s %tte&te( to ce!so" the I!te"!et1 %i!$0 &"e*e!ti!+%ccess to &%+es the +o*e"!e!t (oes!3t $i-e. O!e ce!so"shi& (e*ice1 -!o)

%s the G"e%t Fi"e)%$$ o' Chi!%1 %tte&ts to /$oc- ce"t%i! &"o20 se"*e"s. B0 %$$%cco#!ts1 the ce!so"shi& h%s !ot /ee! *e"0 e9ecti*e %!( sees $%"+e$0%"/it"%"0 :Wi-i&e(i%1 ; h%s /ee! %&o)e"'#$ 'o"ce i! "es#scit%ti!+ the '"ee(os o' the Fi"st P"i!ci&$e o' J#stice:R%)$s1 >. P"i*%c01 '"ee(o o' s&eech1 %!( '"ee(o o' %ssoci%tio! %"ee!h%!ce( /0 the %/i$it0 to co#!ic%te '"ee$0 )ith othe"s %t %!0 $oc%tio!)ith % cote". The %/#ses o' th%t '"ee(o i! se2#%$ %"e%s!ot%/$0 chi$(&o"!o+"%&h0 %!( e2&$oit%tio! o' chi$("e!see )e$$ )ithi! the c#""e!tc%&%/i$ities o' $%) e!'o"cee!t to h%!($e. A!( th%t is 6#st %s )e$$1 /ec%#se1sho"t o' sh#tti!+ (o)! the I!te"!et1 the"e is !ot #ch o"e th%t c%! /e (o!e

%/o#t it th%t is !ot %$"e%(0 /ei!+ (o!e.

5 ETHICAL CHALLENGES O% IN%ORMATION TECHNOLOGY

As #ch %s i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 is i&o"t%!t to o#" $i*es1 it is '%ci!+ soe

se"io#s ethic%$ ch%$$e!+es1 %!( it is #& to the IT e2&e"ts %!( #se"s o'

i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 to /e "e%(0 'o" these ch%$$e!+es. As o"e ee"+i!+

i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+ies &o& #& o! the %"-et1 ost o' the IT e2&e"ts %!(

#se"s (o !ot -!o) ho) to +o %/o#t the ch%$$e!+es /"o#+ht /0 these

tech!o$o+ies. I!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 is '%ci!+ o!e o' its /i++est ch%$$e!+es

)hich %"e $%c- o' &"i*%c01 sec#"it01 co&0"i+ht i!'"i!+ee!t %!( i!c"e%se(cote" c"ies. This h%s sti#$%te( c"ii!%$s to e2&$oit #se"s o' IT /%si!+

o! the $o&e ho$es $e't i! these tech!o$o+ies. Si!ce i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0

s&ee(s the %ccess %!( o) o' i!'o"%tio!1 %!0 /#si!esses %!(

o"+%!i,%tio!s %"e %t "is- o' $osi!+ this (%t% /ec%#se e2&e"ie!ce( c"ii!%$s

c%! e%si$0 t%& th%t i!'o"%tio! 'o" thei" &e"so!%$ #se.


26/31

A$so #!'%ith'#$ e&$o0ees c%! 0s& )/*r3+t)* t&h*1*42 to %"chi*e thei"

&e"so!%$ +o%$s )hich i+ht /e h%"'#$ to %! o"+%!i,%tio!. IT is !ot /%( /0 its

se$'1 /#t the )%0 h#%!s #se the too$s &"o*i(e( /0 i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0

h%s /"o#+ht soe se"io#s ch%$$e!+es. B&1*@ I h+6& 1)st&, ,&t+)1&, t*)s

* 5 Eth)+1 Ch+11&4&s */ I/*r3+t)* T&h*1*42

". S&0r)t2: With too$s $i-e the i!te"!et1 h%c-e"s h%*e 'o#!( it *e"0 e%s0 toh%c- i!to %!0 cote" o" s0ste %s $o!+ %s it is co!!ecte( o! i!te"!et.H%c-e"s c%! e%si$0 #se %! IP :I!te"!et P"otoco$> %(("ess to %ccess % #se"3scote" %!( co$$ect (%t% 'o" se$5sh "e%so!s. A$so the )i(e s&"e%( o' i!te"!et coo-ies )hich co$$ect i!'o"%tio! )he!e*e" )e #se the i!te"!et 1 h%se2&ose( IT #se"s to hi+h "is-s o' '"%#( %!( co!icti!+ i!te"ests. M%!0 /i+co&%!ies #se these coo-ies to (ete"i!e )hich &"o(#cts o" se"*ice the0c%! %(*e"tise to #s. Whe! it coes to o!$i!e /%!-i!+1 the t"%!s'e" o' o!e0c%! e%si$0 /e i!te""#&te( /0 % h%c-e" %!( %$$ the o!e0 )i$$ /e t"%!s'e""e( to

thei" (esi"e( %cco#!ts 1 )hich %9ects /oth the /%!- %!( the c#stoe"s )hois #si!+ o!$i!e /%!-i!+ tech!o$o+0.

>. Pr)6+2 Iss0&s: As #ch %s i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 h%s e!%/$e( #s tosh%"e %!( 5!( "e$e*%!t i!'o"%tio! o!$i!e1. It h%s %$so e2&$oite( o#" '"ee(oo' &"i*%c0. Thei" so %!0 )%0s o#" &"i*%c0 is e2&$oite(1 (" #se o' i!te"!et)e/c%s1 e2&e"ie!ce( cote" #se"s c%! t#"! o! %!0 )e/c% o' %!0cote" o!$i!e %!( the0 )i$$ h%*e %ccess to 0o#" &"i*%te $i'e1 %!0ce$e/"ities h%*e /ee! *ictis o' these o!$i!e st%$-e"s. A +oo( e2%&$e isDh+r0 R+6)% 'o"e" R#t+e"s U!i*e"sit0 st#(e!t )ho )%s s&0i!+ o! his"oo%te th"o#+h % )e/c%. Re%( o"e o! this sto"0 he"e . (> #se o'

soci%$ !et)o"-s1 the %i! co!ce&t o' these !et)o"-s is to co!!ect )ith !e)%!( o$( '"ie!(s the! sh%"e 0o#" $i'e )ith the1 ho)e*e"1 the $oo& ho$e i!this 1 is th%t )he! e*e" soe o!e %ccess 0o#" sh%"e( $i'e (%t% $i-e &hotos 1the0 c%! $i-e it %!( se!( it thei" '"ie!(s )ho %"e !ot 0o#" '"ie!(s1 )hichi+ht e2&ose 0o# to #se"s )ith )"o!+ i!te!tio!s to #se 0o#" (%t%1 %$sosoe co&%!ies %"e -!o)! 'o" s&0i!+ o! thei" e&$o0ees *i% these soci%$!et)o"-s.

7. C*2r)4ht I/r)4&3&t: I!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 h%s %(e it e%s0 'o"#se"s to %ccess %!0 i!'o"%tio! o" %"ti'%ct %t %!0 +i*e! tie. With thei!c"e%se( (e*e$o&e!t o' #sic sh%"i!+ !et)o"-s %!( &hoto /oo-%"-i!+

sites1 %!0 o"i+i!%$ c"e%to"s o' these )o"-s %"e $osi!+ the c"e(i/i$it0 o' thei")o"-s1 /ec%#se #se"s o' IT c%! e%si$0 +%i! %ccess %!( sh%"e th%t (%t% )ith'"ie!(s. F"ee #sic %!( 5$e (o)!$o%(i!+ sites %"e &o&&i!+ #& o! i!te"!ete*e"0 (%0 1 $ots o' o"i+i!%$ )o"- $i-e #sic %$/#s1 /oo-s 1 %"e /ei!+(o)!$o%(e( 'o" '"ee. I! this c%se o!e $e+iti%te #se" )i$$ "ch%se the/oo- 1 so't)%"e1 )e/ te&$%te o" #sic %$/#1 %!( the0 )i$$ s#/it it to %'"ee (o)!$o%( site )he"e othe"s )i$$ si&$0 6#st (o)!$o%( th%t (%t% 'o" '"ee.It is +oo( !e)s 'o" the #se"s /ec%#se it s%*es the o!e01 /#t it h%"s the

http://www.useoftechnology.com/importance-functions-information-technology/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/05/21/ex-student-in-webcam-spy-case-to-be-sentenced/http://www.useoftechnology.com/importance-functions-information-technology/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/05/21/ex-student-in-webcam-spy-case-to-be-sentenced/


27/31

o"i+i!%$ c"e%to" o' these )o"-s. The +o*e"!e!t h%s c$ose( soe o' thesesites $i-e MEGAUPLOAD.COM 1 /#t %!0 %"e &o&&i!+ #& #si!+ '#!!0 URLs.

9. Ir&+s&, r&ss0r& * IT &8&rts. Si!ce i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0s0stes h%*e to "#! %$$ the tie1 &"ess#"e is o#!te( o! IT e2&e"ts to

e!s#"e the %cc#"%c0 %!( %*%i$%/i$it0 o' these s0stes. M%!0 /i+o"+%!i,%tio!s )hich !ee( to o&e"%te ; ho#"s )i$$ "e4#i"e % st%!(/0 IT te%to c%te" 'o" %!0 iss#es )hich i+ht %"ise (#"i!+ the co#"se o' o&e"%tio!. This&"ess#"e "es#$ts i!to st"ess %!( )o"- o*e"$o%( )hich soe ties "es#$ts i!toI&e"'ectio!.

5. D)4)t+1 ,)6),& I!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 h%s %!0 o&&o"t#!ities %!( it h%ssh%&e( %!0 i!(#st"ies i! (e*e$o&e( co#!t"ies8 ho)e*e"1 (e*e$o&i!+co#!t"ies h%*e (ic#$ties o' e!6o0i!+ the s%e /e!e5ts o' I!'o"%tio!tech!o$o+0. To +et these /e!e5ts the0 h%*e to t"%i! thei" $%/o" %!( #se"ssho#$( %$so %(o&t the !e) c#$t#"e )hich is % /it cost$0 i! these (e*e$o&i!+

co#!t"ies. I! soe "eote %"e%s the0 (o !ot e*e! h%*e &o)e"1 soi!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+0 too$s $i-e cote"s c%! !ot /e #se(. I! othe" secto"s$i-e e(#c%tio!1 ost o' these (e*e$o&i!+ co#!t"ies h%*e &oo" o$( e(#c%tio!s0stes1 so % st#(e!t )i$$ !ot /e %)%"e o' !e) i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+ies.

Th& U)6&rs+1 N+t0r& */ Eth)+1 Pr))1&sFo" e*e"0 ethic%$ iss#e1 the"e %"e ethic%$ co!ce&ts %!( &"i!ci&$es to /e

i(e!ti5e( %!( #se( i! thi!-i!+ th"o#+h the iss#e. I!c$#(e( i! the &"i!ci&$es

i&$ie( /0 these co!ce&ts %"e the "i+hts %"tic#$%te( i! the U!i*e"s%$

Dec$%"%tio! o' H#%! Ri+hts. This set o' "i+hts1 est%/$ishe( o! Dece/e"


28/31

• A$$ h#%!s %"e /o"! '"ee %!( e4#%$ i! (i+!it0 %!( "i+hts.

• E*e"0o!e h%s the "i+ht to $i'e1 $i/e"t01 %!( sec#"it0 o' &e"so!.

• No o!e sh%$$ /e he$( i! s$%*e"0 o" se"*it#(e.

• No o!e sh%$$ /e s#/6ecte( to to"t#"e o" to c"#e$1 i!h#%!1 o" (e+"%(i!+

t"e%te!t o" !ishe!t.

• E*e"0o!e h%s the "i+ht to % st%!(%"( o' $i*i!+ %(e4#%te 'o" the he%$th

%!( )e$$/ei!+ o' hise$' %!( o' his '%i$0.

• E*e"0o!e h%s the "i+ht to e(#c%tio!.

• E*e"0o!e h%s the "i+ht to '"ee(o o' &e%ce'#$ %sse/$0 %!(

%ssoci%tio!.

• E*e"0o!e is e!tit$e( to %$$ the "i+hts %!( '"ee(os set 'o"th i! this

(ec$%"%tio!1 )itho#t (isti!ctio! o' %!0 -i!(s1 s#ch %s "%ce1 co$o"1 se21

$%!+#%+e1 "e$i+io!1 &o$itic%$ o" othe" o&i!io!1 !%tio!%$ o" soci%$ o"i+i!1

&"o&e"t01 /i"th1 o" st%t#s.

• A$$ %"e e4#%$ /e'o"e the $%) %!( %"e e!tit$e( )itho#t %!0 (isc"ii!%tio!

to e4#%$ &"otectio! o' the $%).

O!e %/i$it0 esse!ti%$ to so#!( "e%so!i!+ is the %/i$it0 to i(e!ti'0 ethic%$

&"i!ci&$es "e$e*%!t to the iss#e %t h%!(. I! Test the I(e% ;.;1 0o# sho#$(

thi!- th"o#+h the i(e!ti5c%tio! %!( %&&$ic%tio! o' soe o' these &"i!ci&$es

)ith "es&ect to % s&eci5c ethic%$ 4#estio!.

I!'o"%tio! Tech!o$o+0 %!( EthicsIT P"o'essio!%$s %!( Thei"

Re$%tio!shi&

IT Wo"-e"s %!( Thei" E&$o0e"s

It )o"-e"s %"e e&$o0ees 6#st $i-e %!0 othe" e&$o0ee i! the co&%!0. The0#st %!%+e % "e$%tio!shi& )ith thei" e&$o0e"8 this "e4#i"es the )o"- o'

/oth &%"ties. This "e$%tio!shi& $i-e %!0othe" coes i! st%+es1 %s the

"e$%tio!shi& (e*e$o&s .The "e$%tio!shi& /et)ee! %! IT )o"-e" %!( e&$o0e"

%0 /e+i! /e'o"e he o" she /e+i!s )o"-i!+. Be'o"e %! IT )o"-e" %cce&ts

e&$o0e!t1 the0 %0 5"st )%!t (isc#ss 6o/ tit$e1 &e"'o"%!ce e2&ect%tio!s1

s&eci5c )o"- "es&o!si/i$it01 ("#+testi!+ "e4#i"ee!ts1 ("ess Co(e1 $oc%tio!


29/31

o' e&$o0e!t1 s%$%"01 )o"- ho#"s %!( /e!e5ts. Iss#es i! e&$o0e!t th%t

%"e !ot %(("esse( /0 %!0 o' the co!ce&ts $iste( %/o*e o" i! the e&$o0e"s

h%!(/oo- %0 /e %(("esse( /0 $%). The $%) 'o" e2%&$e &"otects %!

e&$o0ee '"o /ei!+ 'o"ce( to (o %!0thi!+ i$$e+%$ /0 thei" e&$o0e". It

)o"-e"s %"e co!si(e"e( ste)%"(s o' the co&%!ies Tech!o$o+ic%$ "eso#"ces

.Si!ce the0 h%*e the -!o)$e(+e %!( %/i$ities to %/#se %!( /0&%ss the

s0ste the0 #st i!ste%( set %! e2%&$e %!( e!'o"ce &o$icies.

IT Pr*/&ss)*+1s R&1+t)*sh) @)th C1)&ts +, S01)&rsIt &"o'essio!%$s h%*e to (e%$ )ith t)o +"o#&s o' &eo&$e )ho e2&ect the IT

P"o'essio!%$ to eithe" &"o*i(e o!et%"0 +"%ti5c%tio! o" se"*ices.

C$ie!ts

The "e$%tio!shi& /et)ee! %! IT &"o'essio!%$ %!( thei" c$ie!ts #s#%$$0 /e+i!s

)ith the c$ie!t co!t%cti!+ the IT P"o'essio!%$ %!( %s-i!+ the to &e"'o" %s&eci5c 6o/. The IT P"o'essio!%$ the! %cce&ts the 6o/ he )%its 'o" the c$ie!t to

&"o*i(e "e$e*%!t i!'o"%tio! %/o#t the 6o/. IT P"o'essio!%$s "e$0 o! the

i!'o"%tio! &"o*i(e( /0 c$ie!ts to /e t"#th'#$ %!( co&$ete1 so i! t#"! the0

c%! &"o*i(e "ecoe!(%tio!s to thei" c$ie!ts )ho %-e (ecisio!s %/o#t the

&"o6ect. C$ie!ts #st %$so $iste! to IT )o"-e"s %!( %s- the 4#estio!s to

#!(e"st%!( -e0 !#%!ces th%t )i$$ i&%ct the (ecisio!s the0 %-e %!( ho)

those (ecisio!s )i$$ %9ect the &"o6ects /#(+et %!( sche(#$e.

It P"o'essio!s soeties /ecoe i! ethic%$ (i$e%s )he! the0 /e+i!

"ecoe!(i!+ the"e &"o(#cts to c$ie!ts th%t %0 o" %0 !ot "ee(0 thei"

&"o/$e1 i' it e*e" e2iste(. Othe" &"o/$es %0 %"ise )he! P"o6ect %!%+e"

/e+i! to '%$$ /ehi!( o! thei" &"o6ects (#e to % *%"iet0 o' "e%so!s s#ch %s $%c-

o' e2&e"ie!ce %!(o" i!'o"%tio!. C$ie!ts %0 !ot /e %)%"e o' the &"o/$e

#!ti$ it /ecoes % c"isis )hich 'o"ces the &"o6ect %!%+e" to "e*e%$ the t"#th.

The c$ie!t %0 ch%"+e the IT P"o'essio!%$ )ith '"%#(1 is"e&"ese!t%tio! %!(

o" /"e%ch o' co!t"%ct.

S#&&$ie"s

S#&&$ie"s &"o*i(e IT )o"-e"s )ith h%"()%"e1 so't)%"e %!( se"*ices. Li-e )ithc$ie!ts IT )o"-e"s #st h%*e % +oo( )o"-i!+ "e$%tio!shi& )ith thei" S#&&$ie"s.

I! o"(e" to /#i$( % +oo( "e$%tio!shi& )ith s#&&$ie"3s (e%$s )ith the '%i"$0 %!(

(o !ot %-e #!"e%so!%/$e (e%!(s. Si!ce it3s % co&etiti*e %"-et %!0

s#&&$ie"s t"0 to i!c"e%se s%$es. S#&&$ie"s %0 t"0 to /"i/e IT )o"-e"s i! o"(e"

to %chie*e thei" +o%$s. A /"i/e is the e2ch%!+e o' o!e01 &"o&e"t0 o" '%*o"s

to soeo!e )ithi! %! i!stit#tio!1 /#si!ess o" +o*e"!e!t to o/t%i!


30/31

&"i*i$e+e( i!'o"%tio! o" s&eci%$ t"e%te!t i! co!t"%cts %tt"i/#tio!. A +i't is

esse!ti%$$0 (i9e"e!t /ec%#se % +i't (oes !ot coe )ith o/$i+%tio!s1 i! %!0

c%se i! % coe"ci%$ set#& o" i! "e$%tio! )ith % "eci&ie!t th%t is i! % &ositio!

to /e!e5t the (o!o"8 ethics (ict%te th%t the &"%ctice is !e+%ti*e. Gi'ts #st

%$)%0s /e "e&o"te( %!( !e*e" hi((e!8 the oe!t % +i't is hi((e! it

/ecoes % /"i/e. Most /"i/es %"e %(e th"o#+h % thi"( &%"t01 )hi$e +i'ts

sho#$( $e%( (i"ect$0 '"o (o!o" to "eci&ie!t.

Ethic%$ Di$e% :% (ic#$t sit#%tio! o" &"o/$e> i! the Use o'

I!'o"%tio! Tech!o$o+0

The #se %!( s&"e%( o' i!'o"%tio! tech!o$o+ies h%s /ee! "e*o$#tio!i,e( %!(

%i(e( )ith the ee"+e!ce %!( (e*e$o&e!t o' cote" tech!o$o+ies.

E$ect"o!ic !et)o"-s h%*e %$$o)e( e2ch%!+e o' i!'o"%tio! /#t it h%s %$so

coe )ith !e) ch%$$e!+es. Ri+hts %!( "es&o!si/i$ities i! the )%0 %*%i$%/$ei!'o"%tio! is #se( h%*e +i*e! "ise to soe ethic%$ (i$e%s. Ethic%$

(i$e%s +"e%t$0 %9ect /#si!esses %!( es&eci%$$0 s%$$ /#si!esses th%t %0

!ot h%*e /i+ c%&it%$ o#t$%0s %!( e2&e"tise to (e%$ )ith ethic%$ (i$e%s i!

the #ti$i,%tio! o' tech!o$o+ies.

Cote" C"ie

Cote" c"ies %"e i$$e+%$ %cti*ities &e"'o"e( #si!+ % cote" %!( the0

i!c$#(e the't1 5!%!ci%$ '"%#(1 e/e,,$ee!t1 o!$i!e h%"%sse!t1 *i"#s

i!'ectio! %!( s%/ot%+e. Cote" c"ies %9ect %$$ /#si!esses th%t "e$0 o!

the I!te"!et to o&e"%te. A "ese%"ch "e&o"t i! ;


31/31

e(i#si,e e!te"&"ises :SMEs>1 /#t thei" e9o"ts %0 !ot /e '#$$0 #ti$i,e(

%!( the0 (o!Xt +%i! %!0 5!%!ci%$ /e!e5ts. This is /ec%#se thei" i!*e!tio!s

%"e #!&"otecte( %!( %"e !o"%$$0 t%-e! /0 /i+ co&%!ies )ho c%! %9o"( to

4#ic-$0 coe"ci%$i,e the se"*ice o" &"o(#ct. To %*oi( this1 the SMEs sho#$(

&%te!t thei" i!!o*%tio!s1 th#s1 &"e*e!ti!+ co&etito"s '"o iit%ti!+ o"

co&0i!+ thei" &"o(#cts.

So't)%"e Pi"%c0

Pi"%c0 is the i$$e+%$ co&0i!+ o' so't)%"e1 )hethe" -!o)i!+$0 o" #!-!o)i!+$0.

So't)%"e &i"%c0 *io$%tes co&0"i+ht %+"eee!ts. I! ;

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Ethics and IT Seminar Report

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