Ethics+Reader By Harvy Hung

8/13/2019 Ethics+Reader By Harvy Hung

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Ethics

Readerby

Harvey Hung

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Philippines License.


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Table of Contents

I. Book Reviews

Ethical and Social Issues in the Information Age

Ethics on the Information Age

Cyber Ethics (1)Business Ethics (1)

Business Ethics ()

Ethics and the Conduct of Business

Business Ethics (!)

"hat#s Right and "rong in Business$

Ethics and %alues in the Information Age

Cyber Ethics ()

Readings in Cyber Ethics

Information Security and Ethics& Social and 'rganiational Issues

II. Case Studies

CEE*& Innovation in Housing for the +oor

Cha,ter -& +rofessional Code of Ethics and Codes of Conduct

.he Andhra +radesh e/0overnance Story

AA+2RA SA3.

Casas Bahia

Intellectual +ro,erty Rights And Com,uter .echnology

Anonymity4 Security4 +rivacy4 And Civil 3iberties

5ai,ur 6oot

.he +irates Cannot Be Sto,,ed

ICICI Ban7 Case Study 0uide 8uestions

I.C e/Chou,al

%o9iva

III. Quiz

+rofessional Ethics4 Codes of Conduct4 and oral Res,onsibility

IV. Corporate Social ResponsibilitySantech Electronics


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Etical and Social Issues in te Infor!ation "#e

.hird Edition

5ose,h igga :ia

Cha,ter ;& S'6."ARE ISS2ES& RIS:S A< 3IABI3I.IES

Consumer +rotectionBuyer#s Rights

As a buyer or consumer4 you should 7no= your rights so that =hen you encounter

,roblems using the ,roduct4 you =ill not feel sorry for yourself and regretting to buy the

,roduct>

ost of the time4 ,roduct re,lacement is the common solution is that the buyer =ill as7 a

,roduct re,lacement and most soft=are develo,ers do re,lace defective ,roducts> If they

don#t re,lace then the ne9t common solution is given =hich is the seller =ill inform the

soft=are ,roducer to ,rovide ,atch or u,grade to the ,roduct that can be do=nloaded ordelivered to the buyer =ho re,orted the error>

If they didn#t ma7e any necessary action4 then the store =here you bought the ,roduct may

be a fraud or selling illegally counterfeit ,roducts> ?ou should re,ort it to the authorities>

Cha,ter 1& C'+2.ER E."'R:S A< '3IE CRIES


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Cybers,ace safeguarding re@uires advanced ,revention techni@ues ,rocess> 6irst is

detecting com,uter attac7s> ?ou should have a system that monitors you com,uter from

sus,icious activities and logs users so that you =ill 7no= ho= is using the com,uter

around your net=or7>

e9t is system survivability that gives crucial services =hen attac7s or bugs occurs andrecover full services in a timely =ay and get bac7 to action> .his focuses on the detection

and ,revention of com,uter attac7s4 to ma7e sure that during the attac74 ,rocesses4

activities or business goes on smoothly =ith fe= disturbances>


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Ethics on the Information Age

Cha,ter -& Intellectual +ro,erty

.his cha,ter tac7les about co,ying and using the intellectual ,ro,erty of ,eo,le> In theco,ying ,art of the cha,ter4 it says that co,ying is stealing> "ell4 I disagree4 becauseco,ying is ust ma7ing a du,licate =hile stealing is getting the original and never return itso the o=ner =on#t benefit from it or use it again> In regards to file sharing4 3et us say thatthe sharer bought the cd and share the contents in it> .he do=nloader then is accused ofstealing because he gets a co,y of it> So it doesn#t ma7e sense =hy they#re beingaccused> In my o,inion4 the fact that the sharer bought the cd4 the cd and the contents arehis4 and he has the full control =hether he =ill share it or not> .hough the sharer ma7es aco,yright violation4 but the do=nloader shouldn#t be accused of stealing and it is notstealing from the start>

In regards to o,en source soft=are li7e 3inu94 codes should be shared to others so that itcan be im,roved> ?ou can also sell o,en source soft=are as long that you ma7eim,rovements to it and you also have to share =hat you have change to that soft=are>

If the com,any =ouldn#t =ant their soft=are to co,ied4 they should ma7e the cd co,y ,roof>Some soft=are li7e the "'" ("orld of "arCraft) has already made their cd co,y ,roof ina =ay that the soft=are is 1 is to 1 and you can#t fully ,lay the game because it has alimitation =hich is also a trial version> .he soft=are is ,rotected because the only =ay to,lay the game is to register and buy the cd 7ey and it =ill ma7e cd 7ey matching if the cd

7ey is already ta7en> In my ,oint of vie= If icrosoft does not ta7e any measures li7e thisthen they#re allo=ing their soft=are to be co,ied>

Cha,ter & Com,uter and et=or7 Security

.his cha,ter tal7s about security from malicious ,rograms that harms the com,uter> .o bemore s,ecific4 these are viruses4 =orms4 .roans and other form of security threats> .hesesecurity threats are4 as everybody 7no=s4 bad> +rogrammers =ho ma7e these securitythreats are doing it for fun or =ant to ma7e chaos> Some anti %irus Com,any also ma7e

virus so that ,eo,le =ill buy their ,roducts> .he sad ,art is that they even hire virus,rogrammers

In the hac7er ,art4 the term hac7er =as originally meant for the good ,ur,oses li7e gettingto a system to im,rove it> o=adays4 the term describes them as malicious intruders =hosnea7s into systems and destroys it> Some steal confidential information and use it forselfish ,ur,oses>

Cha,ter D& +rivacy

+rivacy is the one of inaccessibility as Edmund Byrne had defined in the boo7> +rivacy


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contains ,ersonal information of an individual> .hese ,rivacy information should be 7e,tsecret for the safety of the ,erson> 6or e9am,le4 a celebrity being stal7ed by ,a,arai4 sothe celebrity has a ,rivacy threat> .he ,a,arai =ill get ,hotos of the celebrity and ,ut it inthe internet> .he celebrity =ill then be humiliated by ma7ing changes of his images in the,hoto>

In the field of com,uter4 coo7ie can store ,rivate information of the =eb surfer on the,ages he visited and =hat he had in,utted4 the username and ,ass=ord> Some,rogrammers ma7e coo7ie in order to get ,rivate and vital information from user to use itfor their selfish acts> .his is unethical of course>

S,y=are ,rograms have same evil ,ur,oses li7e a coo7ie use for selfish acts> S,y=are is=orse than a misused coo7ie because it slo=s do=n your com,uter =hile it monitors yoursystem and ma7es annoying ,o,/u, advertisements> .o ma7e your com,uter s,y=aresafe ust do=nload a trusted antis,y=are>

Encry,tion is one of the =ays to ,revent your messages to be read by an unauthoried,erson> But not all the time it =ould =o7 because someone =ho 7no=s ho= to decry,t canread the ,rivate message> .here are also encry,tion soft=ares to hel, you encry,tmessages>


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Cyber Etics

.erry Halbert

8A F D

Cha,ter -& E/Commerce

In the e/commerce fraud ,art of this cha,ter4 some businesses in order to earn moremoney4 they =ent cybers,ace to ma7e ,romotion and advertisements to sell their ,roductsand services disregarding ethics by cheating on their customers or should I say victims>.hey =ill ma7e things loo7 free4 but later on the victims =ill be charged by monstrous fees>Some victims =ill receive their ,urchased ,roduct different from the com,any#s actual,roduct> 'thers =ill receive lo= @uality ,roducts or =orse4 no ,roduct received at all>

.o be safe4 you should go to =ell/7no=n sites =hich are certified sellers> Read their termsand condition4 es,ecially their return ,olicy =hich is our s,ecial right> Be careful =henclic7ing a lin7 advertisement in a =ebsite> ?ou should ma7e research about the com,any#sbac7ground so that you =on#t be fooled>

'n the ta9ing e/commerce ,art4 transactions made by e/commerce aren#t ta9ed because ithas no ,hysical ,resence in the state so ho= =ill the government ta9 them$ Sim,le4 ma7ela=s that collect ta9es in the e/commerceGduh> .he government should be res,onsiblefor this> I believe that it =ould be fair for all business transaction =ould be ta9 even if it isan e/commerce4 to be fair =ith business that are not in the e/commerce>

Cha,ter !& Cyber S,eech

Cyber S,eech in the internet is an interesting to,ic because I also enoy e9,ressing myideas and thoughts through friendster blogs and multi,ly blogs> It is also a form of freedomof e9,ression because you are informing others your insights and thoughts> In CyberS,eech4 ethics should also be a,,lied because many are reading =hat you have =rittenand may be sensitive to harsh =ords or se9 related s,eech> "e should res,ect ourreaders too>

Some use cyber s,eech to blac7mail or stal7 on other ,eo,le through e/mail =hich is alsounethical> ?ou should not use cyber s,eech to ruin someone#s life> .he =orst case of thisis the se9ual harassment of =omen through e/mail> ?ou should res,ect =hoever you chat=ith or e/mailed =ith4 male or female> If you =ant to ma7e ,ran7s using this =ay4 thenbetter try doing it to yourself> I#m sure you =ouldn#t =ant to be treated this =ay too>

"e should not abuse our freedom of s,eech =e should also ,ractice ethics in our dailylife> "e should filter =hat =e say and =rite> ?ou can say or =rite your com,lains and

disagreement =ith other in a nice =ay =ithout ste,,ing on them>

Cha,ter & Business4


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In the 2sing the Internet to Create Com,etitive ar7ets ,art4 the firms are using the e/commerce on the net to gain com,etitive advantage by encouraging the customer to buy=ithout lo=ering the ,rice> .his very true> "ith ust a clic7 you can buy the things you =ant=ithout going to an actual sho, to buy> As long that the seller 7no=s ethics even if hisbusiness is in the e/commerce that =on#t bring fraud to their clients because business is

ethics>

In the 3a= and Borders .he Rise of 3a= in the Cyber S,ace ,art of this cha,ter4 =e cansee that government around the =orld are ma7ing ste,s to monitor and control theactivities in the =orld =ide =eb> .hough there are a lot of benefits can be get from usingthe internet4 there also negative ,art on the a,,roach on using the internet> .his is =herethe government should get in to ,rotect ,eo,le =ho cross the cyber s,ace that are beingcheated4 fraud or harassed and sto, the illegal ,rocesses done in the internet>


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Business Ethics

!rdEdition

Carmelita iranda 0o=

0regoria iranda

H6 D!; D JJJ

Cha,ter F& 2nethical and 8uestionable +ractices

In this cha,ter4 you =ill read about ,ractical ethics that everybody should 7no= and shouldobserve>

In the home ,art of this cha,ter4 the caller should be res,ected even though he or she isnot ,hysically ,resent> +olite =ords should be uttered in a nice =ay> Sometimes the calleris the ones =ho ma7e ,ran7s that are very irritating sometimes because they don#t ans=er

once the ,hone is ans=ered> .hey sometimes hang u, =ithout saying they dialed a =rongnumber and =orst they 7ee, calling =hile you are busy doing something>

In the store ,art4 the customer should be =elcomed =armly and should be assisted eventhough they =ill ust in@uire something> ?ou never 7no= if they =ill buy big time> Somesalesmen don#t even tal7 to customer or even greet them as they enter> 3i7e=ise4 somecustomers are ust nuisance> .hey don#t tal7 =hen as7 by a salesman so =ho =ill =e 7no==hat they need$

Cha,ter & Eliminating Com,etition

Com,etition is every=here but in com,eting you should be ethical in a sense thatyou don#t use dece,tion4 fraud4 collusion and other unethical =ay of earning big ,rofits>Com,etition should be fair> If you =ant to =in over your com,etitor then you should beethically com,etitive because business is ethics>

In the unfair com,etition section you =ill see ho= des,erate the attac7er =ants toto,,le his com,etitor through these unfair means and in all means> 6or e9am,le4 he =illma7e false statements about the ,roducts of their com,etitors>

Some sends s,ies to obtain business secrets and ,rocesses> 'thers ,ersuade or even

,irate customers to brea7 deals made =ith com,etitors> .hey =ill sometimes imitate theircom,etitor#s ,roduct intentionally inferior for them to harm the re,utation of theircom,etitors>

.here 1J1 =ays to be com,etitively advantageous against your com,etitors asidefrom being unethical or ethical> ?ou could concentrate more on studying your ,roducts orservices on ho= to im,rove them> Study your mar7et so that you =ill 7no= that they =antand need> ?ou can use I. to im,rove your business ,rocesses> .hough it is easy to earnbig buc7s doing business unethically but there a lot of businesses today those are a goodsource of ,rofit that are ethically acce,table to the society>

Cha,ter ;& An Insidious Instrument for the 2se of ono,oly +o=er


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Being able to mono,olie a certain business is very good for the com,any but the badeffect =ill go to the consumers because mono,olier can control the ,rice and ma7eartificial shortage =hich in urn =ill ma7e the ,rice go high>

In a cartel4 the grou, consisting these can ma7e mono,oly> .hough they eliminatecom,etition bet=een themselves4 it becomes unethical because side effects of it areharming the ,eo,le through its ,ricing> An e9am,le of the effect oil mono,oly is that if the

oil ,rice goes u,4 every ,rice in the economy goes u,>

So4 =ith this situation4 countries are using natural forms energy to lessen the de,endencyon oil> 'ur country4 the +hili,,ines uses geothermal energy and some countries uses solarenergy =hich is abundant and chea,>


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Business Etics

-thEdition

"illiam Sha=

H6 D!; S- JJ

Cha,ter F& 5ob

.hough the to,ic is ob discrimination4 there are other forms of discrimination aside fromob discrimination4 for e9am,le4 in America blac7 ,eo,le are neglected =hen in arestaurant> Even during the S,anish Era in the +hili,,ines4 =e =ere colonied andenslaved> .hough there are =ealthy 6ili,inos that time4 they#re still being discriminated andinsulted for being shorter than the S,aniards>

.hough the government is ta7ing action =hen it comes to discrimination but the,roblem is that there is also discrimination in the government =hen a ,erson is a,,lyingfor a ,osition in the government offices>

Cha,ter ;& oral Choices 6acing Em,loyees

In the 'bligation to the 6irm section of this cha,ter4 the em,loyee must agree to docertain tas7s =hether he li7es it or not> But if the em,loyee is stubborn then he does notoblige to the firms ,olicy and should be ,unish or be e9,elled> But if the em,loyee doesn#tfollo= because of the firm#s unethical behavior4 then it is a different story> .he em,loyeeshould ta7e necessary action to as7 =hy they#re doing it> If their reason is unreasonablethen re,ort it to the ,ro,er authorities>

About the loyalty to the com,any4 the em,loyee should have the obligation of

loyalty to the com,any> If the em,loyee have loyalty to the com,any4 regardless of being,aid more or be ,romoted4 he can do his ob =ell and =ill not ma7e any disorder =ithin thecom,any> He =ill also ma7e beneficial move in order to ,rotect the com,any#s interest or=arn the com,any of danger that the organiation =ill ma7e> If the com,any is not loyal toyour loyalty then there must be a ,roblem about the com,any>

Cha,ter & .he "or7,lace

'rganiational Influences in +rivate life ,ortion of this cha,ter4 ,rivacy is an

ac7no=ledge right and everybody agrees on that> But some organiation tends to threaten


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or abuse it> Some secretly listen to ,hone calls of the em,loyees and read their e/mails orthe secret relationshi, =ith a co/=or7er being foiled> .his really is unethical>

Some organiation ma7es some test li7e drug test4 ,olygra,h test to test the

a,,licant#s information given is true> .his is o7 because =ith this test you =ill 7no= =hoamong the a,,licant you =ill hire> Because some a,,licants are not @ualified that is =hythey#re being tested in some ,ersonal information li7e the ,ersonality test and s7ill test>


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Etics and te Conduct of Business

ndEdition

5ohn Boatright

H6 D!; B 1FF

Cha,ter 11& Ethical Issues in Advertising

In the dece,tive advertising ,art4 there is al=ays dece,tion in advertising> .heyma7e advertising sounds li7e a ,oem and it uses figures of s,eech> ore often they usehy,erbole to get the attention of the customer and change their ,erce,tion about the,roduct> 'nce they bought the ,roduct4 they =ill thin7 that the advertisement is =rong orthey#ve ta7en the bait and regret buying it> .hat is =hy it is called advertisement> .hey useflo=ery =ords to sell their ,roducts>

If you believe that you sell the best ,roduct and customers are ma7ing feedbac7 that your,roduct is the best then =hy not ma7e use of the hy,erbolic e9,ression to advertise your,roduct and that =ould become your ,ride> If other=ise4 then don#t deceive ,eo,le =ithyour advertisement> ?ou =ill only get negative feedbac7s and they =ill surely sue you>

Cha,ter & .rade Secrets and Conflict of Interest

In the trade secrets to,ic4 the boo7 said that trade secrets are ,ro,erties of an

organiation or ,ro,erties of a lone inventor> .hese secret should not be disclose tocom,etitors or other organiations because these are essential to the organiationssuccess because it is the lifeblood of the organiation =here they earn ,rofit> .hey shouldreally 7ee, it secret and safe as much as ,ossible because everyone4 the com,etitor andeven the com,any itself li7es trade secrets> "ho doesn#t =ant secrets$ Even your,ersonal secrets should not be disclosed> Sometimes the discloser is =e ourselves>

If an em,loyee discloses the secret to other then he is then liable and the em,loyer is notcareful> So the em,loyer no=adays ma7e contract =ith em,loyees not to disclose tradesecrets or can#t =or7 for a com,etitor for a ,eriod of time or =or7 far a=ay outside the

limits of his former em,loyer#s organiation> .hough the em,loyee is held liable fordisclosing the secret but then it =ould be the em,loyers fault for 7ee,ing his secrets safeor ma7e actions for not his secret to be revealed>

He should hire a loyal em,loyee =ho =ould not s,ill the secrets of the com,any and anem,loyee =ho 7no=s ethics because if he 7no=s ethics then he =ill be true to his =ordand his actions =ill not be sus,icious that can bother his em,loyer#s trust> If he =ill =ant toresign then he might see7 other obs not related to his former ob =hich is not in line =ithhis em,loyer#s line of business>

Cha,ter F& "omen and 6amily Issues


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Se9ual harassment is in the business =orld is noticeable because many =omenare com,laining about their em,loyers =ho often harass =omen> .he em,loyers as7 themse9ual favors or touch them =ith a se9ual intent> .hough some men are occasionallyharassed because a female em,loyee =anted to go on to, or be ,romoted she =ill harasshis em,loyer and be tem,ted to the something>

Harassment is a form of discrimination> It is li7e ta7ing advantage a gender#s =ea7 s,otand e9,loiting for se9ual ,ur,oses or other selfish ,ur,oses> In a "omen#s side of se9ualharassment4 the male is thin7ing that the =omen are =ea7 and easily taunt at but their=rong =omen no=adays are strong and aggressive and =ould fight bac7 or call theauthorities to file a case against the males>

.o ,revent se9ual harassment in the =or7ing ,lace4 is to have anti se9ual harassment,olicy in the organiation that is strict enough so that everybody is a=are and =ould avoid

it or they can tell the harasser that they =ill tell the authorities about the situation> .hecom,any can also ta7e a,,ro,riate disci,linary action against the harasser#s action>


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Business Etics

ndEdition

orman Bo=ie

Ronald As a Chinese4 =e believe that ma7ing business toma7e ,rofit is li7e ma7ing business to breathe> "e don#t live to ma7e ,rofit but to use it forsurvival and ,ass it for the ne9t generation =ho =ill inherit the business so that they canalso KbreatheL>

If =e ,ut some ethical meaning in business then you =ill understand =hat businessis> "hen a ,eo,le buy something4 they maybe need it or =ant it> In order to have their=ants and needs> A ,erson then =ill ma7e it a business to su,,ly =hat the ,eo,le loo7 for>It could be for a living4 entertainment or for business ,ur,oses also>

So if you ma7e business4 you hel, the ,eo,le> So the other meaning of business isto hel, ,eo,le and not ust ma7ing ,rofits> .hough ,rofits are im,ortant to sustain thebusiness4 you may ,ut meaning in your business to ma7e it =orth=hile> .hat#s =hen

Cor,orate Social Res,onsibility comes to your business> ?ou ma7e your businessdedicated totally to the ,eo,le =ho need your services4 ,oor ,eo,le is included> .his =illbenefit both ,arties>

Cha,ter !& orality in the +ractice of Business

In the advertising section of this cha,ter4 it says that advertising is to giveinformation to ,ossible ,eo,le =ho may avail the ,roducts and services =hich they mightneed or =ant or advertising =ould ust inform them about ne= things they don#t 7no= yet>

ost advertising is more on ,roducts or services having discounts on a limited time sobuyers =ill rush to su,ermar7ets and buy the ,articular ,roduct or avail the lo= costservice in ,laces li7e malls>

.hough advertising is a beneficial ,ractice4 you should not abuse it by deceivingyour clients ust to gain more sales and have more ,rofit =ith the ,roduct or service youadvertise> Some fraud advertisement =ill ,romote their ,roduct different from the actual,roduct that you both> 6or e9am,le the chic7en of :6C here loo7s big4 good and deliciousbut =hen you buy it4 you =ill be disa,,ointed or =orse4 frustrated seeing the chic7en beingsmall or even smaller at times> 5ollibee#s chic7en is consistent =ith its big4 uicy chic7en

and being delicious ma7es me =ant to go there no= and eat>


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Cha,ter D& 6rom .heory to +ractice

In the =hy should business be moral ,ortion of the cha,ter4 it is clear that if youa,,ly ethics in the business then your business =ill be good> If you focus your business inbeing ethical more than ust ma7ing ,rofit or for self interest then everyone =ill ,ros,er

because you ma7e the best for everybody if do it ethically>

?ou =ould not cheat on others4 follo= rules and behave morally> 6or e9am,le4 =ithin thecor,oration you =ould not have discrimination =ith your subordinates because he or shebelongs to a certain grou, of the society> And outside the cor,oration4 you =ould notdeceive ,eo,le by selling ,roduct =hich are chea, but these ,roducts are easily bro7en or,roducts that can harm the ,eo,le>


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$at%s Ri#t and $ron# in Business&

ndEdition

Ra,hael 0ome

H6 D!; 0D1! JJ

+art M ;& Bribe oney

If I#m in a business4 I =ould also give bribe because it =ould be beneficial =hen itcomes to bailing out a com,any or to increase sales> As long it is not disclosed> 5ust 7ee,it secret> 6or me I#ll use bribe for an advantage> If they =anted to be bribe =hy not give it tothem> 0ive them =hat they =ant in order for you to gain something even better> y,ers,ective =ill al=ays be on the side of the briber or should I say on the side of thecom,any> Bribing is very hel,ful4 use it =isely and secretly> If you are being bribed then=hy not ta7e it$ .o ,ut a little ethics on it4 give a ,ortion to charity and leave some for you>

Bribing is de,endent on situations> 6or e9am,le and the case of B controversy4 5un3oada =as advised to moderate the greed of the ,eo,le =ho =anted 7ic7bac74 a 7ind ofbribe4 but the ,eo,le =ouldn#t because of greediness> 3oada said that if they ta7e thesaid amount4 it =ould very obvious that they#ve gotten a very big 7ic7bac7> If I =ere theone =anted 7ic7bac74 I =ould listen 3oada because the 7ic7bac7 is a 7ic7bac7> ?ou=ould still get enough 7ic7bac7> It is li7e customer re@uesting for a discount that =ould notlet you not earn in the deal> In this case4 my ,oint here is that too much greed is bad orgreed is bad> 5ust as7 for a Consuelo de bobo>

+art M F& 'ne should not al=ays thin7 of ,rofit

.hough ,rofit is im,ortant4 you should not ,rioritie on it4 instead focus in the,roducts or services that you offer and the ,ur,ose =hy you offer such>

In the .ylenol Story4 .ylenol is an analgesic that contains cyanide because of factorydefect =hich is very lethal if eaten> .he story begins in some ,eo,le dying of ta7ing.ylenol> aybe because if their dead4 they =on#t feel any ,ain> :idding aside4 the

com,any that offers .ylenol4 ceil Consumer +roducts Com,any4 begins the initiative ofrecalling .ylenol from the mar7et so that no more ,eo,le can be 7illed> .he com,any lostN1JJ in this ,rocess>

.hey ma7e information cam,aign to subdue customers# fear of .ylenol> .herecalling of .ylenol is effective and the intention is clear that the com,any#s creed is to beres,onsible to the ,eo,le =ho use their ,roducts> 3ater the com,any brings bac7 their lostsales> Isn#t that a ha,,y ending for ,eo,le =ho don#t thin7 of ,rofit in their business all thetime$

+art M 1J& .a9 Evasion


19/68

In my ,oint of vie= in evading ta94 don#t evade all because some ta9es are going ina,,ro,riate ,roects and the other ta9es don#t because it ust goes into corru,t ,eo,le#smoney> So in evading ta94 evade some but not all> .he money =hich should have gone tocorru,t ,eo,le =ill be use instead for com,any#s =elfare> 'ne thing more is that every ta9evasion must be done secretly and @uietly>

I don#t 7no= =hy some ,eo,le consider evading some ta9es is bad> .hegovernment should be ha,,y that they still receive ta9es for their salary and other ,roectsalthough it is discounted but still receive ta9es> It is li7e a =in/=in situation> ?ou receiveta9es and I evade some> Imagine the number of ,eo,le =ho ,ay ta9es but evade some4there a million of them>

6or e9am,le4 your ta9 is 14JJJ4JJJ and you only ,ay DDJ4JJJ then multi,ly it to thenumber of ta9 evaders4 let#s say 14JJJ4JJJ evaders then multi,ly it to DDJ4JJJ is it not verybig$


20/68

Etics and Values in te Infor!ation "#e

5oel Rudino=

Anthony 0raybosch

+ F- E;- JJ

Cha,ter & Information Access I +rivacy

+rivacy for me is being alone and =here nobody bugs you> It is a confidential thingsince you are all alone and 7no= one 7no=s =hat you do or =hat you are =henever you#rein ,ublic> If there is no ,rivacy4 it =ill be uneasy for someone to go out or do his thingsbecause someone is =atching every move you ma7e and your security is at ris7> It issomething to be ,rotected for security reasons>

In the e/mail ,rivacy ,art4 7no= one should be able to access your e/mail and readit because it is against your ,rivacy> Everybody doesn#t =ant their letters or message byothers be read by anybody> Even if their ,ur,ose is bad still nobody =ants someoneloo7ing at their letters =ithout their consent> Sometimes the o=ner is the second one toread the letter because someone has already read it> It =ould be very irritating to learn thatyou#re not the first to read> evertheless4 reading others mail or letter is against the ,rivacyrule unless you allo= it to be ,ublic or let someone read it>

As an e/mail service ,rovider4 you should ma7e your service secured> .he mailsshould be encry,ted ust li7e the service of hushmail> .hey have a secured encry,ted e/

mail service so that nobody can access the reci,ient message from someone>

Cha,ter -& Ethics and Advertising

Advertising is a =ay of ,romoting ,roducts or services> It is a =ay to attract and getthe attention of the customer> It is li7e fishing you ,lace bait on the hoo7 that is theadvertising and the fish =hich is the buyer> If the fish ta7es the bait then the ,erson li7esflattery =ords> In that case fisherman is good at fishing>

Advertisers use flattery =ords to get or ca,ture customers>

.o ,ut some ethics to it4 some advertisers are fraud and =anted to cheat on their

customers> 6or e9am,le in the internet4 some sites tells you don#t you are the 1JJth

customer and you =ill get a ,rice but =ill actually direct you to other site =hich is notrelated to the message of the ad> .hey =ill sometimes let you vie= lots of ,o, u,s =hichare annoying advertisement> Sometimes in order to Kget your ,riceL you have to oin theirsite and register>

.hey should not do this because they ust =anted to get the attention of customer but the,roduct and services that are being offered are full of cra, and dece,tion> .hey should be

a=are that being ethical in business =ill give them more of =hat they actually e9,ect>


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Cha,ter F& Information Access III& Intellectual +ro,erty

In the sharing ,art4 the develo,ment of 0nutella ma7e easy file sharing ha,,en>any users share their file using ,rograms that use 0nutella because the fact that it isfree> "ell4 =ho doesn#t =ant free files es,ecially music$ Everybody does =ant it free

.o ,ut ethics in it4 you should thin7 for the =elfare of the artist the ma7er of the filesthat are being shared> .heir intellectual ,ro,erties are scattered all around the =orld andthey are not benefiting from it> So these file sharing com,anies ma7e a file sharing,rogram =hich is free and the other is ,aid> .he ,aid ,rograms have more results andthey use the money for com,ensating the intellectual ,ro,erty of ,eo,le =hose files arebeing shared> .hat is another innovation in file sharing> An e9am,le of this is a,ster>


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Cyber Etics

orality and 3a= in Cybers,ace

Richard S,inello

.: D1JD>; ID S; JJJ

Cha,ter & 0overning and Regulating the Internet

Internet 0overnance

.o control cybers,ace4 there are three models> .he first is the direct state intervention4coordinated international intervention and self/governance> I thin7 that the best form ofgovernance is self/governance because after reading many cyber ethics boo7s4 thegovernment of each nation is having hard time ma7ing codes and standardiing it> Since

the =orld and the internet are vast and diverse4 it =ould be very hard to govern it throughcoordinated international intervention>

.he direct state intervention can only be useful only in a ,articular nation but there aremany nations> A foreigner =ill com,lain that the la= in cybers,ace here is different fromhis country> o=adays internet interactions are not local but international> Ho= can theygovern ,eo,le interacting in one ,lace =ith another in another ,lace =hile ,eo,le 7ee,smoving from their home4 school4 office and other ,laces$

So self governance is very a,,licable in internet governance because this structure issuited for uni@ue ,roblems and situations in the internet and non ,rofit internationalorganiations =ill control it =ith s,ecific charter> o= that that =ill be effective but thereare ris7s involved> .here might be lac7 of accountability4 overrun by ,olitics and for selfish,ur,oses> o= it is u, to them =hether they#ll do good or bad but there =ill be al=aysgood forces that =ill monitor their activities =ithin the organiation to balance>

Cha,ter -& Cha,ter -& Intellectual +ro,erty in Cybers,ace

.he 6uture of Soft=are '=nershi,

"ell4 both o,en source soft=are and ,ro,rietary soft=are have their ,ros and cons> Ifound out that o,en source can lac7 accountability and res,onsibility since it#s free for all>Hac7ers might give codes that might have intentionally ,laced bugs4 glitch or threat to thesystem and if un@ualified ,rogrammers might share codes that are full of bugs> .he consof o,en source since it is free for all then there are collaboration of many innovative mindsaround the =orld =ho =anted the soft=are im,roved>

+ro,rietary soft=are li7e icrosoft and 'racle still choose to ,rotect their soft=ares andcontrol the distribution securely> aybe they =anted to be accountable if there are,roblems in their soft=are and ,eo,le =ill easily 7no= =ho to contact if they have


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encountered ,roblems> Still the ,roducts they sell are @uite e9,ensive com,ared to o,ensource =hich is free>

I agree in not ,atenting soft=are because it#s innovative than inventive because soft=are7ee,s on changing and im,roving that ada,t to one#s needs and =ants> And the needs

and =ants 7ee, on increasing and changing so there must be some =ays on ho= to,rotect the soft=ares> I thin7 that the ,ro,osed frame=or7 of Samuelson that registrationof innovative ca,abilities to encourage 7no=ledge sharing suits best =ith the a,,licationon self governance>

Cha,ter D& Regulating Internet +rivacy

Searching for Solutions

.here are t=o o,tions in ,rotecting ,rivacy that e9ist> 6irst is government regulation andthe other is self regulation> ay be you can combine them and come u, =ith thegovernment mandates organiations that collect and distribute ,ersonal information tore@uire limitations to themselves to avoid violating ,eo,le#s ,rivacy rights> It is li7e orderingthem to have rules for ,rivacy rights and be res,onsibly autonomous in dealing =ithdifferent and uni@ue situations to ,rotect ,rivacy rights>


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Readin#s in Cyber Etics

Richard S,inello O Herman .avani

.: D1JD>D R-! JJ1

Cha,ter & +rofessional Ethics and Codes of Conduct

o4 +A+A& "hy incom,lete codes of ethics are =orse than none at all$

Incom,lete codes can be abused =hile no codes at all allo= ,eo,le to thin7 thoroughly=hether it is ethical or not> Some ,eo,le =ill thin7 that =hen it is not stated in the codes itis o7 to do it> .he codes al=ays tal7s about ,rivacy4 accuracy4 ,ro,erty and accessibility>6or e9am,le4 they forget about the e9ternal =orld and neglect it> .he increase in ma7ingsoft=ares tends to increase in ma7ing com,uters and u,grades them so that it can ma7e

faster com,utations>

a7ing com,uters re@uires a lot of resources and it contributes in ma7ing ,ollutants in theenvironment> Some com,uters are dis,osed if they#re old or bro7en and since com,utersare made u, of ,lastics4 metals and other chemical com,ounds4 they also ,ollute theenvironment> So ma7ing codes should not focus only in ,rivacy4 accuracy4 ,ro,erty andaccessibility but to loo7 beyond the boundary because everything is interconnected andinterrelated>

Cha,ter !& Intellectual +ro,erty in Cybers,ace

'n the =eb4 ,lagiarism matters more than co,yright

+lagiarism is co,ying someone#s and ma7ing it your o=n =hile co,yright ,iracy is if I editsome =or7s and didn#t get a co,yright ,ermission> .hey said that in the =eb is ,lagiarismis heightened and co,yright ,iracy is minimied> .he =eb is an instrument for researchand sharing of information so many ,eo,le es,ecially students are relying on it and theuse of boo7s is lessening because searching in the =eb is easy and faster and ,lagiarism

is a clic7> 0ood thing that some databases no= are self generating citations =hensomeone gets co,y information in the =eb>

"hen co,ying4 one must consider fair use since libraries are using it for ,hotogra,hic andnot digital co,y for ,reservation and security ,ur,oses> .o counter the aggravating,lagiarism in the =eb4 lessening ,ro,erty ,rotections of co,yright o=ner in the internet isone =ay to ,rotect the academic community against ,lagiarism> It is good that ,eo,le arefinding =ays to find solutions in fighting ,iracy and ,lagiarism> Internet no=adays has ananti co,ying feature =hen you right clic7 a ,icture4 the ,age =ill e9it4 some the co,yfeature is disabled4 some no side menu ,o,s u, for you to co,y it and some uses other

soft=are to counter the co,ying freny>


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Cha,ter D& Security and Cybers,ace

.errorism or civil disobedience& to=ard a hac7tivist ethic

Hac7tivism is not terrorism since hac7tivism doesn#t use violent =ays4 damage ,ro,erty4non/,rofit ma7ing4 have ethical motivation and =illingness to ta7e res,onsibility for actionsdone> .errorism is the o,,osite of hac7tivism and they both have one thing in common=hich is to get the ,eo,les attention> I don#t 7no= =hy some consider hac7tivismconsidered terrorism =hen in fact the difference is clear>

Hac7tivism is li7e ,rotesting and rallying in the streets4 main roads and ,laces =here theycan be noticed and get more attention> .he streets4 roads and ,laces they use forhac7tivist is the =eb> .he similarities of hac7tivism and ,rotesting is that are ,rotestersmarch or stay in streets4 roads and ,laces and cars aren#t able to ,ass =hile hac7tivist

enters =eb so that they can be heard and ,eo,le can#t surf the =ebsite> 6or me4hac7tivism is o7 since you can be heard around the =orld and inform ,eo,le =hat they#refighting for>


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Infor!ation Security and Etics'

Social and (r#anizational Issues

arian 8uigley

onash 2niversity4 Australia

Cha,ter %I& Internet %oting& Beyond .echnology

.his is one cool to,ic> any nations are no= ,lanning to have an online system for voting>"hy =ait in line and register for long hours ust to vote$ "ell i/%oting is the solution to this>+eo,le =ho are citiens of a nation can 7no= vote any=here and fast =ith ust clic7s> 'nthe government side4 counting votes =ill be ust minutes or seconds because the system=ill do it for you> It is also secure because there are 7no= bridge ,eo,le or third ,arties=ho interce,ts and interru,ts the manual voting ,rocesses =hich can lead to frauds4 dead,eo,le voting and voting many times>

But voting in the internet has ris7s because there a lot of bad elements li7e denial ofservice attac7s that lets servers don#t receive the data from voters> Accessibility to all isone of the greatest challenges since not everybody has access to internet> If somebodyloses their username and ,ass=ord4 they are unable to vote> +rivacy issues if someonesees =ho you vote they can mani,ulate it>

.his system needs further technical and ,rocedural im,rovements to guarantee accuracy4secrecy and security> 2sing the system should be done =ith a ,ilot testing so that the user

=ill gradually be used to it and confident in using the technology>

Cha,ter %II& +rotection of inors from Harmful Internet Content

Ho= do you ,rotect minors from harmful internet content$ As a ,arent4 you should be ableto control the =ebsites =here only you can access and filter sites that are not suitable foryou children =ho are minors> 0overnment should also ,ass la=s that rates the sites if it isfor mature4 teen4 adult4 or child so that ,eo,le =ill 7no= if the content of the site is good fortheir vie=ing>

6or e9am,le4 violent ,age and movies from the internet4 once accessed by a minor4 thereis big chance that they =ill imitate it and do it to others or to themselves> 6or =ebsites thatcontain foul =ords in their s,eeches4 children =ill thin7 that it is o7 to use those =ords>

.he ,roblem is that most sites have no age validation and minors can easily enter andvie= the contents and these contents are outside one#s country#s urisdiction>

I believe that self government is needed to ensure the ,rotection of minors because if theyaccess contents that contain nudity or harsh =ords they =ill be corru,ted at a very youngage and their ,sychological =ay of thin7ing can be altered and their innocence =ill be lost>


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Cha,ter %III& obile Communities and the K0eneration that Bee,s and HumsL

obile ,hones are already a need and become a =ant if you buy ne= ,hones every timesa cellular ,hone com,any introduces ne= models> o=4 mobile allo=s us to connect to

,eo,le anytime and any=here> Instead of the tele,hone =hich re@uires a line and ,lacedon a single s,ot and every time a ,erson =ant to call you and somebody is using the,hone4 the message from that ,erson is not sent to you immediately> "ith mobile ,honesanyone can contact you =ithout obstacles>

"hy do they need mobile ,hones$ It is because it ,romotes security4 es,ecially for,arents =ho =anted to 7no= their children#s =hereabouts> Self/identity that differentiateshimself from his home#s number> +eo,le call you by your cell ,hone number not by yourhome number> obility is the thing that ensures ,rivacy and freedom since you can tal7 toyour friends =ithout your ,arents listening to your conversation> 2nli7e the old days =hen

cell ,hone are not yet in the mar7et4 your ,arents =ill actually try to 7no= =hat you tal7about =ith someone>

.oday4 cell ,hone allo=s face to face conversation that allo=s you to see clearly =hat thecurrent condition of the ,erson =ho you call>


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II. Case Studies


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CE)E*' Innovation in +ousin# for te ,oor

1> Ho= did CEE* fundamentally change the =ay it conducted its business$.hey focus on efficient o,erations to im,rove ,rofitability and sell com,lete solutions asidefrom selling their ,roducts and transform it into commodity/driven business to earn more>

> Ho= does information systems contribute to CEE*P com,etitive advantage$"ith I.4 they have gain com,etitive advantage over their com,etitors because theirbusiness ,rocess became ,roductive and efficient> .hey have a com,uter delivery net=or7that allo=s them to monitor their deliver in real time>!> "hat is social ca,ital$ Ho= does CEE* build social ca,ital$It is the value and coo,eration created through social human relationshi,s and can also be

a ca,ital that is o=ned by the ,ublic division> .hey build u, their social ca,ital throughinteraction by the ,romoters of +atrimonio Hoy to the ,ublic>-> Ho= are the lo=/income savings characteristics of e9ican society characteried$3o=/income families don#t receive regular ,aychec7s and don#t receive any governmentfinancial su,,ort> .hey don#t have access to ban7s and credit> "hen there is a communityassembly to form tandas or K,oolsL> .his is =here they 7ee, e9tra money from ,aychec7sand use the ,ools for family emergencies4 education and housing>D> Ho= are the enter,reneurial characteristics of the =omen in e9ican society tied to the

CEE* B'+ strategy$.he =omen are the ones res,onsible in the savings and ,lan ho= to distribute andallocate money in their family> .hey are active ,artici,ants in the tanda system> .he+atrimonio Hoy team researched that JQ of =omen in the tanda system =ere savingmoney to construct homes for their families>> "hat did the CEE* initial mar7et research in 0uadalaara discover$6irst4 the ,o,ulated areas in e9ico are socially and economically lo= incomecommunities> Roads there =ere ,itted and un,aved> Second4 all houses loo7s li7e under

construction> .hird4 0uadalaara#s construction methods =ere different because they useclay and limestone for construction>> "hat is the role of sociosin the +atrimonio Hoy system$ Ho= im,ortant are they in thema7ing the system successful$.hey are the customers =ho oin in +atrimonio Hoy and formed a grou, of three> .hey areres,onsible for recruiting more customers and res,onsible in ,aying the materials neededto build their houses>;> "hy do you thin7 it =as im,ortant for CEE* to ,osition itself as a complete solutions

providervs> ust another ,roduct ,rovider$.hey ,osition themselves as a com,lete solutions ,rovider in order to get in the huge lo=/


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income mar7et> .hey realied selling cement is not enough and com,etitors can enter thecement business easily>F> Ho= is the social ca,ital of +atrimonio Hoy ,romoters related to economic ca,ital$Social ca,ital is im,ortant to ,eo,le =ith little economic ca,ital so the ,romoters

,artici,ate in the +atrimonio Hoy to earn money> .hey bring many socios as ,ossible andto teach them ho= to save and ma7e credit so the ,romoters can get commission at thesame time>1J> "hat4 in brief4 is the value of +atrimonio Hoy to a) itPs ,romoter b) its sociosO ,artnersc) its su,,liers and d) its distributors$a>) +romoters are the re,resentative =ho identify ,otential customers4 sell the idea ofsavings/ credit to them4 and motivate them to enroll in the ,rogram>b>) Socios and +artners build trust to the ,oor ,eo,le and these ,oor ,eo,le are resignedto the fact they =ill not be able to build a house in less than t=o to three years> In order to

lure the customers they offered the suitable ,ro,osition to them>c>) Su,,liers =or7 together =ith CEE* in negotiating ,rices of the ra= materials>d>) 11> "hat ispatrimonio$ "hy is this im,ortant for the mar7eting efforts for the +atrimonioHoy system$+atrimonio is a belief by e9ican ,eo,le in leaving something behind li7e an immovable,ro,erty or =ealth for the ne9t generation> It is im,ortant to the +atrimonio Hoy so that,eo,le =ill get the message of saving ,ro,erty today and =ill encourage ,oor ,eo,le tooin the ,rogram>1> Ho= can +atrimonio Hoy offer a slightly higher ,rice than its com,etitors and maintaina com,etitive edge$It is because that CEE* offers good @uality ,roducts based on the slightly increased,rice and offset by the value/added services that +atrimonio Hoy offers to the socios>1!> Ho= does the conce,t of freeing ,rices encourage sociosto do more business for+atrimonio Hoy$

If the socio agreed on a ,rice and signs u, =ith +atrimonio Hoy4 the ,rice =ill remain thesame in the J =ee7 ,eriod even if there is inflation>1-> Intuitively4 doing =ith business =ith a lo= income grou, =ould be ris7ier thantraditional lending models but it is ,rofitable for +atrimonio Hoy> "hy$ .he rate of success can be credited to the grou,#s commitment4 social ca,ital4and the ,enalty fee structure>

1D> "hat is the role of ,eercommunity ,ressure in the +atrimonio Hoy lending model$.hey encourage the ,erson to save in order to ,ay their dues> If one didn#t ,ay on time4


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the grou, =ill ,ay a late fee of an added DJ ,ercent ,er late socio and =ill be recorded asa blac7 mar7>1> Ho= has +atrimonio Hoy changed the consumer behavior in e9ico$By offering a com,lete and com,rehensive solution for housing4 they continue to find =ays

to 7ee, the gro=th sustainable by offering various innovations such as +atrimonio HoyEscolar (infrastruction of local schools)4 +atrimonio Hoy .e Im,ulsa (Earlier delivery ofmaterials)4 and +atrimonio Hoy Calle 1> "hat are the challengs of the +atrimonio Hoy ,rogram$.he socios can#t afford =ee7ly ,ayments of ra= materials and mason fee for theconstruction and to retain those customers for a longer time and motivate them to returnfor additional rooms or other e9,ansions>1;> "hat does Construme9 ta7e advantage of the e9isting remittance mar7et bet=een

2>S>A and e9ico$.hey allo= e9icans in the 2nited States to send their money to cement distribution ine9ico> .he ,ur,ose is to channel as large a share of the remittanceflo=s to CEE* as ,ossible>1F> CEE* +hili,,ines is e9,loring the ,ossibility of re,licating the +atrimonio Hoy systemin the +hili,,ines> "hat are the ,arallels bet=een the e9ican and the +hili,,ine mar7et$+atrimonio Hoy serves on lo=/income ,eo,le> Here4 many ,eo,le are ,oor and have lo=income so CEE* can do it here> CEE* can also ,rovide remittance services to6ili,inos since the '6" are sending money to their families>J> As an I. ,ractitioner loo7ing at the Construme9 business model4 =hat I./drivensystems can you ,ro,ose to ma7e CEE* more com,etitive$ (name 1J/1D)

Human Resource Information System Sales and Inventory System Customer Relationshi, anagement Su,,ly Chain anagement System

6leet anagement


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Capter -' ,rofessional Code of Etics and Codes of Conduct

1>

.he ethical codes of conducts ado,ted by ,rofessional societies are guides and directivesabout their ,rofession so that they can act morally and com,etent in their ,rofession> Italso disci,lines them =hen they misbehave>

ost of the codes of the AC and IEEE/CS have some common code> Some codes aretoo general some are too vague> Some disci,linary directives can#t ma7e disci,linaryaction to those ,eo,le =ho violated the code> Some codes are contradictory and can beself serving for a ,articular ,rofession>

I believe that having a code out=eigh the vie=s of not having one because it serves as aguide or instruction that =ill remind them if they ever forget and they can im,rove orcorrect the code if there are shortcomings> .hat is =hy there is la=4 a codified ethics4 thatis constantly changing so that it can co,es u, =ith the changes around and =ill also serveas guide and =arn us

>

I believe that a coherent and com,rehensive code of conduct for com,uter ,rofessionals is,ossible because they =ill benefit from it> It =ill give them ins,iration4 instructions that =illteach to be com,etent and educate them on ho= to become good ,rofessionals in theirfield>

I chose the code Kmanages ,ersonnel and resources to design and build information thatenhances the @uality of =or7ing lifeL because if they 7no= ,ro,er management then theycan ,roduce good out,ut and be com,etent at the same time>

!>

I =ould go on =ith the ,roect for the sa7e of my =ife and my child> Since they =ill give abonus4 I =ill com,ly =ith =hat my su,erior =ants me to do in the ,roect> But after that,roect4 I =ould resign because my vie=s are not valued and my freedom> I =ill find acor,oration =ho =ould res,ect your vie=s as their valuable em,loyee>

->

I =ould follo= the de 0eorges Criteria to guide me =hether to =histle blo= or not because

many lives are in sta7e if the system that have bugs that are not fi9ed =hich =ill beim,lemented right a=ay> It =ould be disastrous =hen the system fails> If that ha,,ens I =illfeel guilty because I#m one of the ,rogrammers =ho made the system>

D>

Rules that re@uire them to blo= the =histle in order to save the maority and let themanagement be a=are that =hat they#re doing is not right> If they =eren#t re@uired nor,ermitted to =histle blo= then the ,ublic =ill suffer internally or e9ternally4 no= or in thefuture> "ith that future chaos or ,roblem =ill be avoided>

>

About 5un 3oada#s blo=ing the =histle4 I thin7 that he should not blo= the first ,lace


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ortune at te Botto! of te ,yra!id

Reaction' Te "ndra ,rades e/0overnance Story

Issue' Can it also appen in te ,ilippines&

.hat story is really amaing and it really serves a model state not ust to India but to the=hole =orld> I ust can#t imagine Andhra +radesh4 ,art of a third =orld country4 India4having this 7ind of system that is citien centric from an institution centric civil service> .hegovernment is the one =ho adust to the re@uirements of the citien =hich is ne= =ay ofgetting closer to the ,eo,le by 7no=ing =hat they need and understanding their situationbecause the ,eo,le of Andhra +radesh really de,ends on the state for a =ide variety ofservices>

"ith the e/0overnance4 ,rocesses =ere o,timie and efficient> .ime is saved and if time issaved4 money is saved as =ell> So there is no time allotted for corru,tion that can be

snea7ed during the old system because of delay> .hough it =ould be felt in the later ,art ofthe im,lementation4 but the good effect is greater and long term in the long run> 6or thissystem to go long and good4 the government should train its ,eo,le on ho= to use it>Citiens must feel that changes are ta7ing ,lace so that the system is effective>

.he eSeva is direct because there is no third ,arty =hich is the government em,loyeebecause of this they can#t as7 for bribe> .he government services are in it and anythingyou need the eSeva =ill @uic7ly ,rovide you> ?ou ,ay your bills from a 7ios7 fast and easy>.he ,oor can save money from this system>

About the issue that it can also ha,,en in the +hili,,ines$ ?es4 it can because if Andhra+radesh can =hy can#t =e4 a much smaller country than India4 be able to the same thing>

6or e9am,le the a,,lication of ,ass,ort in the de,artment of foreign affairs4 the systemthere is automated> ?ou can easily a,,ly or rene= your ,ass,ort fast> .he line is @uic7 andthe flo= is smoothly going> I got my ,ass,ort in ust - days though the ,rocess needs to beim,roved to be able to lessen the time of claiming> But the things here that the +hili,,ineshave already had an eSeva loo7 ali7e> It only needs to be im,roved and be more citiencentric>


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"11",2R1" S"3T C"SE ST245 02I4E Q2ESTI(1S'

1> "hat is the role of 0's (on/0overnmental 'rganiations) in B'+ mar7ets accordingto +rahalad$ > According to Re7ha Balu of Fast Company4 T,oor ,eo,le >>> can become ust asdiscerning about brands as rich customerT> .hey can for sure be discerning about brands because they can see =hat therich ,eo,le buy and =hat they buy> Sure they can criti@ue the brands but since their

budget is lo= they =ill stic7 on lo=er brands>!> "hat is the nature of the brea7through of :1D .echnology in your o=n =ords$Iodine can be ,rotected at a molecular level instead of microenca,sulating an entire salt,article =hich can#t be released in the stomach>-> "hat are the issuesdifficulties in branding something li7e salt according to %ishalD> "hy is the Anna,urna evolution necessary according to %ishal > "hat =ould the nature of the TdifferentiatorT for Amitava +ramani7$A salt that =ould not lose its iodine during storage4 trans,ort and coo7ing that can#t bematch by any com,etitor>

> "hat is the effect of advertising for the mar7eting strategy for Anna,urna =ith :1D$.he message of Anna,urna =as retained in the minds of the ,eo,le>;> "hat are the innovations of H33 =ith regards to trans,orting salt$Instead of truc7s4 they use rail trans,ort to trans,ort salt that reduce transit costs and truc7costs> It is delivered faster than truc7s>F> "hat is +roect Sha7ti and =hat are its goals$

A ,roect to reach the rural areas to deliver directly to customers the message about thebenefits of H33 brands> .heir goal is to reach the rural mar7et to increase their a=arenessand change their =ays of using many ,roduct categories> 3astly is to ma7e rural ,ros,erity


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so that the mar7et =ill gro=>1J> Ho= =ould you imagine SA0A4 an Te/tailing ,rogram for daily ordering and deliveryT$If you =ere its designer ho= =ould you describe it$.hey order via te9t messaging or e/mail to the su,,lier#s e/tailing system and later

delivered to them>11> +roect Sha7ti caters e9clusively to men> .here have been re@uests for men to becomeSha7it dealers but H33 turned them do=n> If you =ere the decision/ma7er4 =ould youallo= men to become Sha7ti dealers$ "hy$I =ould allo= men to be dealers because you don#t udge by gender if a ,erson is good indealing =ith ,eo,le> Some men better s,ea7ers than in convincing customers>1> "hat is i/Sha7ti$ As an I student ho= can you im,rove i/Sha7ti$

It is an Information .echnology designed to ,rovide solutions to rural information needs> I=ould use mobile a,,lications to im,rove this because many ,eo,le no=adays use mobile,hone even the ,oor>1!> H33Ps =ould/be com,etitors decided to have a =atch/and/=ait ,olicy> If you =ere a=ould/be com,etitor for H33 =ould you decide to get into H33Ps mar7et$ "hy$ Ho=$I =ould observe H33 and imitate their strategy and ma7e some modification orim,rovements> I =ould also use I. to gain advantage>1-> Should H33 7ee, their :1D technology ,ro,rietary$ "hy$?es4 so that com,etitors =ill have a hard time com,eting and threats of ne= entrants =illbe minimied> .hey =ill also earn more ,rofits>1D>


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ortune at te Butto! of te ,yra!id

Casas Baia

Casas Bahia is in the maor cities in Brail and is serving the B'+ by giving themthe basic needs4 li7e linens4 to=els and sheets> .heir vision is to focus more and fulfill the

needs of the ,oor> Because most of the ,eo,le in Brail are not rich so they cater more onthe B'+ because Brail#s B'+ is large4 money is also big for Casas Bahia> +eo,lethought the ,oor have little buying ,o=er and ho= could they ,ay for it$ Casas Bahia#sleader4 ichael :lein ,roved it =rong> He found a =ay to hel, the B'+ ,ay throughfinancing>

.he management of a Casas Bahia is =ell managed4 controlled and monitored>ichael and Saul :lein4 the brothers =ho handles the business4 stic7 to their father# beliefsand management style and at the same time modernies and im,roves the business usingmar7eting and information technology> .he ,rocess is very uni@ue that no com,etitor can

imitate> .he su,,ly chain is very smooth>

.he services they ,rovide for their clients are strict> .hey =ant their salesmen groomedand cheerful =hen dealing =ith the clients> .hey =ant to also give satisfaction and delightto customers> .hough the customers or mostly from B'+4 they =ould also =ant to buy,roducts =hich are branded>

.he com,any uses financing to serve the B'+> 6or e9am,le4 they have a ,assboo7 thatallo=s B'+ ,eo,le to ma7e installments in ,aying =hich is called carne> +ayment ranges

from 1 1D months and they can only ,ay to Casas Bahia Store>

I thin7 this can ha,,en here in the +hili,,ines since Brail and +hili,,ines economic statusof the ,eo,le is more li7ely the same> .he only ,roblem is that +hili,,ines have thementality of 7no=ing the ,oor can#t ,ay and the government is res,onsible for it> 2nli7eCasas Bahia4 a retail firm is the one =ho ma7e solution on ho= to cater this ,eo,le in theB'+>


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Intellectual ,roperty Ri#ts "nd Co!puter Tecnolo#y

1>

.here codes are not ,rotected in the trade secrets so once their blue,rint and flo=chart is

7no=n4 others can co,y it and re,roduce it>

> "hy is it difficult to a,,ly ,atent la=s to soft=are$

any soft=ares are similar and can be easily co,ied and re,roduce>

!> "hy is it ,ossible to a,,ly ,atent la= to soft=are$

Since it is not a machine4 it is ,atentable and it should be ne= and useful> .hat is not,ublished any=here and it should have ,ro,er disclosure>

-> Is it ,ossible to trademar7 soft=are$

?es> It is ,ossible>

D>

.here =ould be difficulties in =ho =ill have the trademar7 o=ner or develo,er$ "ho =ouldbenefit$

> .here is a move to do a=ay =ith the current co,yright la=> "hy$

Some says current co,yright la=s are broad and some not broad so they conflict and can#testablish a standard co,yright la=>

> "hy is the co,yright la=4 in its ,resent form4 considered to be unenforceable$

any don#t agree or come u, =ith a standard co,yright la= for the soft=are>

;> "hat changes =ould you suggest in the current co,yright la=s to ma7e it enforceable in

cybers,ace$

I thin7 each countries government should control the cybers,ace from =eb hosting to,ublishing and these countries =ill tal7 together and come u, =ith standard co,yright la=sfor everyone> It#s li7e 2>

F> Has the Internet made soft=are ,rotection easier or more difficult$ "hy or or =hy not$

6or me4 they ma7e soft=are ,rotection more difficult because of business> .hey arecom,eting for dominance in the cybers,ace from ,atent to trademar7s>

1J> .here is a movement (that includes hac7ers) that is advocating for free soft=are


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"ell4 that#s good> Since there is o,en source the ,ioneer of free soft=are> +eo,le cancollaborate and =or7 together in the creative commons and im,rove others =or7s>

11> Because of income dis,arities bet=een north and south4 and have and and have/nots4fair ,ricing of com,uter ,roducts is im,ossible>

.hat is the la= of su,,ly and demand =ith a little mono,oly> So some soft=are li7eicrosoft 'S ,rices is e9,ensive because they mono,olie it>

1> ost co,yright violations are found in develo,ing4 usually4 ,oor countries> "hy$

It is very obvious because ,eo,le =ant it chea, and they can#t afford> So soft=are ,iracy is=ides,read because they sell it chea, so that many can but and afford>

1!>

1D> Is globaliation a means through =hich the develo,ed4 usually northern countries4 =illenforce the co,yright la=s$

Every nation should =or7 together not ust the northern countries because other countriesalso =ant to enforce their co,yright la=s>


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"nony!ity6 Security6 ,rivacy6 "nd Civil 3iberties

7. 4efine security and privacy. $y are bot i!portant in te infor!ation a#e&Security is ,reventing others to access your things or ,ro,erties> +rivacy is the right ofhiding your information to the ,ublic> Both com,lement each other> "ithout security4 there

=ill be no ,rivacy and =ithout ,rivacy means someone is accessing your information>8. $at is anony!ity& 4iscuss two for!s of anony!ity.Anonymity is hiding your true identity and information to the ,ublic> +seudo Identity isusing a alias to hide his identity> 2ntraceable Identity is hiding ones identity and no alias>9. 4iscuss te i!portance of anony!ity on te Internet..o ,rotect your ,ersonal information from ,eo,le =ho have bad intentions>

-. Is total anony!ity possible& Is it useful&o4 because of the technology no=adays can trac7 and trace you and eventually =ill 7no=you>:. 4evelop two scenarios;one dealin# wit etical issues involvin# security6 andte oter dealin# wit etical issues involvin# privacy."hen someone as7s a @uestionnaire from your 2SB flash drive but his intention =as toget your other files so you#re giving a=ay your security and tric7ed by someone>

"ireta,,ing is very common =hen someone is trying to ta, in your tele,honeconversation> It is very ram,ant in the government during elections>=. 3ist and discuss te !a>or treats to individual privacy.

Evolution of surveillance technology they can ma7e surveillance be more ,rivate>Curiosity .here is al=ays crac7ers =ho =anted to get information on others to have theirmoney and buy freely>Rec7lessness of financial institutions if they#re careless of letting someone#s informationbe stolen they =ill be held liable>+oor information security .here are free security soft=are it is not a good reason =hythey have ,oor security>2n7no=ledgeable to information hac7ing +eo,le must be a=are of hac7ing througheducation4 media and from others>?. Identity teft is te fastest #rowin# cri!e. $y&

In the internet4 if you are buying something using stolen identity4 you can use there moneyto buy and it is free on your ,art so =ho does not li7e free$


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@. $y is it so easy to steal a person%s identity&.here are many =ays to steal a ,erson#s identity one is through internet>7A. Su##est steps necessary to protect personal identity.

.echnical/ using encry,tion and other anti identity theft soft =ares li7e orton internetsecurity =here there is an anti/,hishing feature>Contractual 0ive less information about yourself>3egal .here are la=s that ,rotect ,ersonal identity>77. 0overn!ents are partners in te de!ise of personal privacy. 4iscussSome governments orders anti identity theft soft=ares to allo= the government to access,ersonal ,rivacy> .hey#re the ones =ho governs us so they may order us or someone toaccess others ,ersonal ,rivacy

78. "nony!ity is a doubly ed#ed sword. 4iscuss.If your anonymous then nobody 7no=s you and you can do =hatever you =ant>

79. "re te steps #iven in Section :.-.: enou# to prevent identity teft& Can youadd !ore&If you are caught hac7ing then you can have an im,risonment for years and =ith ,enaltythat =ill confiscate all the hac7ing tools you got and ,ay large ,enalty fee>7-. $at role do special relationsips play in identity teft&

If you#re =ith someone4 both of you =ill tal7 and share thoughts and e9,eriences and if thetal7 became s=eet you =ill eventually give information =ithout you 7no=ing it>7:. )odern day infor!ation !inin# is as #ood as #old $y or wy not&?ou can use someone#s given information for business ,ur,oses4 for hac7ing ,ur,oses4and many more on ho= can you mani,ulate the information be it good or bad intentions>77=. +ow as te inancial Services )odernization "ct elped co!panies in#aterin#personal infor!ation&

.here =ill be limitations on ban7s and bro7erage on sharing information =ith third ,arties>It =ould ,rotect the customers from re@uirements that institutions disclose to us li7e&+rivacy +olicy / ho= =ill they get and use the information>

Right to ',t/'ut / e9,lain our o,tion to ,revent the transfer of our data to third ,arties>Safeguards / must ma7e ,olicies to ,revent deceitful access to confidential financial or,ersonal information>


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aipur oot Case Study 0uide Questions

1> "hat is the innovation of 5ai,ur 6oot$

It#s a lot chea,er than the one in 2S because it is hand made artificial foot and lo=er limband it is free for very ,oor Indians>

> "hat is the business of 5ai,ur 6oot$

.o hel, ,eo,le in the =orld =ho loses their legs and re,lace them =ith an artificial legs>

!> "ho are the main beneficiaries of 5ai,ur 6ootPs ,roducts$

.hese are ,eo,le =ho lose their legs because of disaster4 accidents and diseases>

-> "hy is Afghanistan one of the mar7ets of 5ai,ur 6oot$It is because the country has land mines and some civil riots =here there are manybombings =hich result to ,eo,le being inured and some loses their legs>

D> Ho= does 5ai,ur 6ootPs ,roduct ,ricing com,are =ith the "est$

It is many times chea,er than he =est> 5ust com,are N!J =ith N;JJJ>

> "hat is the 0ait Cycle$

It is the alternating movements of the t=o lo=er e9tremities of our body that causes thefor=ard movement of the body>

> Ho= =as the first 5ai,ur 6oot artificial limb develo,ed$

Ram Chandra the develo,er sa= ,eo,le =ith artificial legs form abroad and locally made=here not convenient so he find =ays on ho= to ma7e a more convenient and comfortable,rosthetic legs and come u, =ith the 5ai,ur foot>

;> "hat are the design considerations in the 5ai,ur 6oot

F> "hat are the constraints in the develo,ment for 5ai,ur 6oot$

+overty4 closed economy4 =or7 lifestyle and limited trained man,o=er because many arelosing their legs and most of them are ,oor and the demand is high>

1J> Ho= can you com,are the ra= materials for 5ai,ur 6oot vs> other ,roducts$

.he materials are can be found easily and does need s,ecial ,rocurement agreements>


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11> E9,lain a ty,ical fitting day for a 5ai,ur 6oot$ Ho= does it com,are =ith the "est$

After fitting4 the 5ai,ur foot is made =ithin one day or less> .hey made sure in that they7ee, the ,atient in com,any by giving them food and a good ,lace for overnight stay>

1> "hat is the B%SS$ Ho= does 5ai,ur 6oot conduct community outreach$

It is referred as a non,rofit organiation 7no=n as the Society> .hey focus more on the,atient from admission to discharge and @uic7 enough in giving the 5ai,ur foot>

1!> Com,are 5ai,ur 6oot =ith 'ssur / =hich one is more com,etitive$ "hy$

5ai,ur foot because it is chea, and can cater many ,eo,le around the =orld for it istailored for the ,oor and many are su,,orting it>

1-> Is the 5ai,ur 6oot model scalable$ E9,lain>

?es because they are reaching the suburb areas so they can reach more Indians andmany are su,,orting it> .he Society is very active and they also have location =here theyfit and ma7e the 5ai,ur foot>

1D> "hat is the significance of 5ai,ur 6ootPs coo,eration =ith ISR'$

5ai,ur foot can be im,roved =ith the technology ISR' have>


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Te ,irates Cannot Be Stopped

+irates Side&

1> He started ,o7ing around on media defender servers> He found folders =ith namesof some of the largest media com,anies> (1/11)

Commandment& Shall not snoo, around other ,eo,le#s files

/ Because they are loo7ing for some sensitive files that might affect themedia com,anies>

> He hands flash drive containing documents =hich are internal un,ublishedinformation (/11)

Commandment& shall not steal

/ It is confidential to the com,any in =hich he doesn#t have ,ermit givenby the com,any =here he got the documents>

!> Cell ,hone hac7s4 fa7e ,ia deliveries4 denial of service attac7s (/11)

Commandment& shall not harm

/ +eo,le are affected because they are charged some things that they didnot do and an e9,loit to their ,rivacy>

-> Read media defenders email4 listen to ,hone calls (/11)

Commandment& Shall not snoo, around other ,eo,le#s files

/ Because you are entering files that is not ,ermitted and it affects the,rivacy of the ,eo,le

D> 2ncovered salaries of the to, engineers and names and contact information(/11)

Commandment& ensure consideration and res,ect to fello= humans

/ +eo,le =ho are concerned =ith this affects their salary they earnedfairly> .his might affect the ,erformance of the ,eo,le as =ell as theirloyalty regarding their =or7>

> 6igure out ho= the ,irate fighting soft=are =or7s (/11)

Commandment& a,,ro,riate other ,eo,le#s intellectual out,ut

/ It is loo7ing for a =ay in =hich you =ant to destroy someone#s soft=arethat has a good intention and =ill hel, the betterment of the ,eo,le>

> +assed on his e9,ertise to a fello= hac7er (/11)

Commandment& thin7 about social conse@uences of the ,rogram you are =riting

/ +assing an e9,ertise that has intention in destroying other ,eo,le#ssoft=are =ith the right motives to hel, the betterment of the ,eo,le>


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;> Com,any =as forced to buy ne= ban7s of i, address each month (;/11)

Commandment& shall not harm

/ .he com,any =ould s,end more than before because of the i, addressthat are being blac7listed> .his can affect the com,any#s ,rofit greatlye9cluding the ,iracy of soft=are and other media files>

F> Access ust about any com,any#s com,uter (/11)

Commandment& =ithout authoriation or ,ro,er com,ensation

/3oo7ing in com,any#s secured files =ith the use of hac7ing or if you arenot em,loyed in the com,any because there is an intention that might notbe good

1J> Individuals =ould not have bought the music they do=nloaded

Commandment& thou shall not steal/ .hey should music =ith have no ,ermits to they ,eo,le =ho o=ned this>.hey got the music for free even though it should be bought so com,anycan loose its sales>

Cor,oration Side&1> +lanting booby tra,,ed versions of songs and films to frustrate do=nloaders> (/11)Commandment& ?ou shall not use com,uter to harm other ,eo,le>

/ .hey ma7e tra, version to annoy do=nloaders so that they =ill notdo=nload instead they =ill buy the original cd co,y>> Interfere =ith ,rocess use to u,load authentic co,ies> (/11)Commandment& ?ou shall not interfere =ith other ,eo,le#s com,uter =or7>

/ edia

!> Certain files failed to do=nload fully and some =ere corru,ted> (/11)Commandment& ?ou shall not interfere =ith other ,eo,le#s com,uter =or7>

/ edia-> "hen edia (/11)Commandment& ?ou shall not interfere =ith other ,eo,le#s com,uter =or7>

/ edia

D> edia edia (F/11)


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Commandment& ?ou shall not use com,uter to bear false =itness/ ii%i real ,ur,ose =as to lure ,irates4 not to share u,loaded videos> .heytric7 ,eo,le that ii%i =as actually a video sharer but it#s actually a tra, for,irates>

> edia (F/11)

Commandment& ?ou shall not snoo, around in other ,eo,le#s com,uter files>/ In order to get into +irate Bay#s system and mess =ith it4 they created acode to hac7 +irate Bay>

;> .orrentS,y countersued for illegal =ireta,,ing> (F/11)Commandment& ?ou shall not snoo, around in other ,eo,le#s com,uter files>

/ A trade grou, hired a hac7er to obtain internal documents through=ireta,,ing>

F> Holly=ood =ould abandon the encry,tion technologies that ,revent files being co,ied orused by other machines> (1J/11)

Commandment& ?ou shall use com,uter in =ays that insure consideration and res,ect tofello= humans>

/ "ith the encry,tion users =ill no be able to use their video ,layer or music,layers if the encry,tion is ,resent>

1J> 'ur inde,endent movie had no advertising budget until somebody ,irated the movieand ,ut it on the internet> (1J/11)Commandment& ?ou shall not co,y soft=are =hich has not ,aid>

/ "ell4 the inde,endent film ma7er is to be luc7y enough to ma7e his film tobe famous =ith the hel, of ,iracy =hich advertised the film but there is are,ercussion by ma7ing little ,rofit of that movie>


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ICICI Bank Case Study 0uide Questions

1> "hat is ICICI Ban7Ps innovation$

.hey see bottom of the ,yramid ,eo,le as a ,otential customer so they give their ban7ingservices to them>

> "hat is s,ecial about RBIPs ,ilot ,roect =ith ABAR< in 1FF1$

.hey reach the rural ,laces and encourage ban7ing and give credit e9tensions>

!> According to ahaan4 =hy are the transaction costs of savings in formal

institutions as high as 1JQ for the rural ,oor$

ost of the transactions of the ,oor are small and the distance bet=een the ban7branches to the rural areas are far>

-> "hat are some of the ,roblems of 6Is in India$

It is access to credit and loans are small>

D> "hat are the t=o innovative B'+ models of the ICICI$

.hey develo,ed a commercial retail subsidiary of the ban7 so that it have the o,,ortunityto gro=> .he second is to invest on technology>

> "hat is the connection bet=een 0rameen Ban7 and Ban7 of adura$

.he ban7 of adura imitates or a,,lies and bases the model of .he 0rameen Ban7 ofBangladesh to cater ,oor ,eo,le>

>

.he first tier is to com,ete =ith commercial ban7s> .he second com,etes =ith rural areas>

.he last com,etes =ith coo,erative and s,ecial ban7s> It is three tiered so that it canaccommodate all ,eo,le>

;> "hat are the ! essential ste,s in the SH0 ,rocess$ Comment on =hy each ste, isnecessary>


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6irst is to save4 ne9t is to lend =hat you save and the last is to borro= res,onsibly> It is li7etraining the borro=er on ho= to manage his credit>

F> Comment on =hy each item on the chec7list

is necessary>

.he grou, sie must be 1D to J and the members are ,oor> 6i9ed amount of savingsshould be collected every month> embers should be literate> Savings should be use forinternal use> embers should be ,resent every time> It is im,ortant to train the ,eo,le tosave and to hel, ,eo,le in need>

1J> "hat is the im,act of micro lending in a household according to a ABAR< study$

embers contributed self confidence and communication s7ills that hel, incomegenerating activities>

11> .he card =ould act as a credit or debit card =ith storage ca,acity and the ability to =or7

offline =hile 7ee,ing trac7 of all transactions> It =ould =or7 because it is sim,le and easy>It only needs funds to im,lement and technological infrastructures>

1> It is nolonger vie=ed as a mere social obligation> It is financially viable as =ellT> It can ha,,en herebecause ,eo,le need money for everyday life and if the ban7s ma7e innovative actions to

serve the B'+ then it =ould be successful>


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ITC e/Coupal Case Study 0uide Questions

1> "hat is the innovation of the e/Chou,al$6armers using the internet from e/Chou,al centers to connect =ith large firms4 7no= thecurrent agricultural brea7through and global mar7ets>

> Bad farming ,ractices causefood shortage>!> "hy is soya an im,ortant innovation in the Indian oilseed com,le9$It has lo= oil content> .he oil is then sold locally =hile the deoiled ca7e for animal feed is

e9,orted>

-> andis traders resale to crushers> +roducer/run coo,erative societies crush in mills>6armers 7ee, a small amount for their need and get the ,roduce ,rocessed in ob sho,crushing ,lant called ghani>D> "hy is the mandi not an o,timal ,rocurement channel$It is li7e a useless third ,arty in the channel because they control the channel and do

things favorable on their side>

> "hat =ere the advantages of I.CPs com,etitors$ Ho= did I.C address them$.he com,etitors are 7no=ledgeable about the industry> I.C rents andis ,rocessing ,lanttime and buys soya from them>> Ho= did I.C Tre/engineer as o,,osed to reconstructT$.hey see =hat =as good and could be im,roved in the current system>

;> Ho= did I.C Taddress the =hole4 not ust a ,artT$.hey hel, the farmers by centraliing the distribution of needs from seed to ,esticide tomar7eting their ,roduced out,ut>F> "as it =ise for I.C to install an I./driven solution =here most ,eo,le =ould not$?es because it =ould hel, them someho=>1J> "hy does the I.C insist that the sanchala7s '. give u, farming$

.hey are the ones recruiting farmers and hel, run the e/Chou,al> It =ould =ea7en hiscredibility if he @uits>


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11> "hy did the samyoa7s introduce the I.C to the sanchala7s$.hey believe that they =ill benefit in the long term interest of the com,any and great trustis given to them>1> Ho= different is it from the former value chain$

It removes the ,rocesses =hich are less hel,ful =hile the ne= system removesinefficiency>1!> "hat is the social im,act of the e/Chou,als$oney could be saved =ith e/Chou,al and there is im,roved agriculture4 lifestyle andfuture>

1->


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%o9iva Case Study 0uide 8uestions

1> "hat is the innovation of %o9iva$

.hey turn a village ,ay,hone into a communications device =ith a com,uter so that realtime re,ort about the disease is recorded accurately>

> "hat are the ! ingredients of an effective system of disease surveillance and res,onse$

6irst is real/time collection of information from a distributed net=or7 of ,eo,le4 ne9t is thera,id analysis of data and distribution of resources4 and communicating bac7 to the field toma7e res,onse>

!> According to eyer4 =hat are his findings regarding IC. ,roects$

ost ,roects =ere basically not scalable> a7e the system =or7 in other JJ4JJJ villagesin India is something> It re@uires internet connectivity through the use of com,uters andadds cost in electricity>

-> "hat is eyerPs observations regarding the use of tele,hones =orld=ide$

.ele,hones ma7e the communication more accessible and easy to use>

D> "hat =as the ,roblem that %o9iva =as originally designed to solve$

.hey need to monitor ne= cases of disease that s,read across the country and to res,ond@uic7ly>

> "hat are Alerta +ilotPs benefits$

Benefits are easy to use and accessible> .here is a ra,id res,onse and reduces ,a,er=or7 =hich is very cost effective>

> Ho= can %o9iva hel, eradicate diseases$

.he health =or7er =ill be educated in order to control or res,onds to situation li7e outbrea7or even avoid it from s,reading>

;> Ho= can %o9iva be used for bioterrorism ,re,aredness$


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"ith the hel, of the system they =ill see signs of bioterrorism so they can @uic7ly re,ort itto the authorities>

F> "hat are some of the lessons learned in %o9ivaPs de,loyment in other countries$

Information systems should not only collect data but to give feedbac7s or res,onse as=ell> 2sing e9isting infrastructure or resource =ill also hel, and reduce cost> .he systemshould also be scalable to 7no= if the system =ill be a success if im,lemented>

1J> "hat are some of %o9ivaPs challenges$

Attract more ,eo,le in =or7ing together =ith the com,any and share values>

a7e ne= business and not slo= its ability to deliver @uality services>

6ocus on maor o,,ortunities and avoid interru,tions

Have long sales cycles of selling services to governments and international develo,mentagencies>

0enerate revenue from local economies>

Handle a diverse team and ,romote innovation continuously>

11> "hat is eyerPs beliefs regarding diversity$ "hat is its connection to innovation$

A team =ith different 7ind of s,ecialties in order to ma7e innovative out,uts and ideas thatcan =or7 together in solving ,roblems>

1> Can this system be im,lemented in the +hili,,ines$ "hat target disease =ould yourecommend$

6ili,inos uses cel ,hone instead of tele,hone more often and use the cel ,hone to send

information about diseases> alaria and dengue since +hili,,ines is a tro,ical country andthere are many mos@uitoes>


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III. Quiz


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,rofessional Etics6 Codes of Conduct6 and )oral Responsibility

1> "hat is ethics4 and ho= can it be distinguished from morality$

Ethics is the study of morality> .his is a study of good or bad and right or =rong> It is a

basis for right conduct for the maority> orality is a system of rules for guiding humanconduct and ,rinci,les for evaluating those rules> orality involves more on ,ersonaldecision>

> "hat is meant by a moral system$ "hat are some of the 7ey differences bet=een theKrules of conductL and the K,rinci,les of evaluationL that com,rise a moral system$

A moral system is that includes moral rules and ,rinci,les> It aims at su,,orting human,ros,erity> Its ,ur,ose is to have and ma7e ,eace around the society> Rules of conduct

are action/guiding rules in the form of either directives or social ,olicies =hile ,rinci,les ofevaluation are evaluative standards used to ustify rules of conduct> "hile ,rinci,les ofevaluation is rooted in one of three system4 religion4 la= and ,hiloso,hical ethics

!> "hat does Bernard 0ert mean =hen he describes morality in terms of a K,ublicsystemL$ "hy is the notion of K,ersonal moralityL an o9ymoron$

It means that everyone must automatically 7no= =hat the rules are4 thus ,eo,le cannot@uestion its reliability and 7no= that the rules are ust and reasonable and =hy it e9ist>

+ersonal morality is ,ersonal and a ,rivate thing but some vie= it as a ,ublic system sothat is the o9ymoron of ,ersonal morality>

-> "hy does 0ert believe that morality is an KinformalL system$ Ho= is a moral systemboth similar to4 and different from4 a game$

oral system has informal commanding udges su,ervise over it> .he game#s rules areunderstood by all of the ,layers> .he ,layers can also use the rules to evaluate thebehavior of other ,layers in the game> But the ,layer is not re@uired to ,lay but in a moral

system everyone is obliged>

D>

oral system is rational in =hich is based on ,rinci,les of logical reason reachable toordinary ,ersons> oral system rules must be obtainable to all rational ,ersons> It isim,artial because it is designed to be follo=ed by the ,eo,le in the system>

> "hat are values4 and =hat are some of the 7ey differences bet=een moral values andnon moral values$


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%alues can have =orth or being =orth> "hen used for selfish reasons it is non moral>oral values are right things you 7no= from your conscience =hile non moral values are=rong things based on your conscience>

> Ho= do religion4 la= and ,hiloso,hy each ,rovide different grounds for ustifying a moral,rinci,le$

In Religion4 you should follo= the commandment of 0od to do good and bad if you sin ordisobey the commandment> In la=4 you do =rong if you go against a la= and ma7e anoffence> In +hiloso,hy4 right and =rong is base on reason and virtue>

;> "hat is the method of ,hiloso,hical ethics4 and =hat is a K,hiloso,hical studyL$ Ho= isa ,hiloso,hical study used in an analysis of moral issues$

+hiloso,hical method use to analye moral issues is normative4 in contrast to thedescri,tive method that is used by social scientist> +hiloso,hical study re@uires aconsistent ,rocedural ,lan be used to verify hy,othesis and theories and these verificationschemes must satisfy criteria of rationality and im,artiality> +hiloso,hical studies studymoral issues based on the ethical theory and logical argumentation>

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