EU TRANSPORT · 2017. 10. 6. · 1 EU TRANSPORT IN FIGURES – STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK 2017 PREFACE...

EU TRANSPORTin figures

S TAT I S T I C A L P O C K E T B O O K

2017

Printed by Bietlot in Belgium

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Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union 2017

copy European Union 2017 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011833EU (OJ L 330 14122011 p 39)

Print ISBN 978-92-79-62311-0 ISSN 1831-998X doi102832147440 MI-AA-16-002-EN-C

PDF ISBN 978-92-79-62312-7 ISSN 2363-2739 doi102832041248 MI-AA-16-002-EN-N

1

EU TRANSPORT IN F IGURES ndash STAT IST ICAL POCKETBOOK 2017

PREFACE

Transport represents a crucial sector of the economy This publication provides an overview of the most recent and most pertinent annual transport-related statistics in Europe It covers the European Union and its 28 Member States and as far as possible the current EU candidate countries and the EFTA countries

The content of this pocketbook is based on a range of sources including Eurostat international organisations national statistics and where no data were available own estimates Own estimates have mainly been produced to get an idea of the EU total At the level of individual countries they are merely indicative and should by no means be (mis-)interpreted as lsquoofficialrsquo data

The publication consists of three parts(1) a general part with general economic and other relevant data(2) a transport part covering both passenger and freight transport as well as

other transport-related data and finally(3) an energy and environmental part with data on the impact which the

transport sector has on the environment

Most of the tables have data up to 2015 where available more recent data have been provided

The tables of this pocketbook may also be found on the Europa site at httpeceuropaeutransportfacts-fundingsstatisticsindex_enhtm

Many tables on the internet contain more data than could be presented in this pocketbook Some tables may be updated on the web before the publication of the next paper version

Eurostat the main data provider may be accessed directly on the internet at httpeppeurostateceuropaeu

Comments on this publication and suggestions for improving it are appreciated They should be sent to move-transport-dataeceuropaeu

2

CONTENTS

PART 1 ndash GENERAL DATA

11 General Data 912 Growth in GDP and Industrial Production 1013 Employment and Unemployment 1114 Share of Gross Value Added and Employment ndash By Sector 1215 Population 1316a Member States External Trade of Goods ndash Imports 1416b Member States External Trade of Goods ndash Exports 1517 Comparison EU-28 ndash World 16

PART 2 ndash TRANSPORT21 General 19

211 Statistical Overview EU Transport 19212 Transport Growth EU-28 (graph) 21213 Road Transport ndash Speed Limits Blood Alcohol Limits 22214 Road Transport ndash Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight 23215 Employment by Mode of Transport 24216 Number of Entreprises by Mode of Transport 25217 Turnover by Mode of Transport 26218 Final Consumption of Households for Transport 27219 EU-28 Evolution of Consumer Prices for Passenger Transport 282110 EU-28 External Trade by Mode of Transport 292111 Environmental Taxes and Transport ndash As of GDP ndash Transport Fuel Taxes 302112 Environmental Taxes and Transport ndash As of GDP ndash Transport (excl Fuel) 312113 Environmental Taxes and Transport ndash Fuel and Other Taxes ndash

as of Total Taxation 322114 Comparison EU-28 ndash World ndash Infrastructure and Vehicles 332115 Comparison EU-28 ndash World ndash Passenger and Freight Transport 34

22 Performance of Freight Transport expressed in tonne-kilometres 35221 EU-28 Performance for Freight Transport ndash By Mode 35222 EU-28 Performance ndash By Mode 36223 Modal Split of Freight Transport on Land ndash By Country 37224a Road ndash National Haulage 38224b Road ndash International Haulage 39224c Road ndash National and International Haulage 40224d Road ndash Transport Performance adjusted for Territoriality 41225 Railways 42226 Inland Waterways 43227 Oil Pipelines 44228 USA 45

23 Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres 47

231 EU-28 Performance for Passenger Transport ndash By Mode 47232 EU-28 Performance ndash By Mode 48

3

CONTENTS

233 Modal Split of Passenger Transport on Land ndash By Country 49234 Passenger Cars 50235 Buses amp Coaches 51236 Tram amp Metro 52237 Railways 53238 Rail 54239 USA 55

24 Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators 56

241 Air ndash Passenger Traffic between Member States 56242 Air ndash Major European Airlines 58243 Air ndash Passenger Traffic at Major EU Airports 59244a Air ndash Main Intra-EU Airport Pairs in Passenger Transport 60244b Air ndash Main Connections between EU and non-EU Airports in Passenger Transport 61245 Air ndash Freight Traffic at Major EU Airports 62246 Air ndash Aircraft Traffic at Major EU Airports 63247 Sea ndash Inward and Outward Flow of Passengers ndash By Country 64248 Sea ndash Passenger Traffic at Major EU Seaports 66249 Sea ndash Freight Traffic at Major EU Seaports 672410a Sea ndash Intra-EU Maritime Transport ndash By Country 682410b Sea ndash Main Routes in Intra-EU Maritime Transport 692411 Sea ndash Container Traffic at Major EU Seaports 702412 Combined Transport Traffic 712413 Road ndash Alps Crossing Freight Traffic 722414 Road ndash Pyrenees Crossing Traffic 732415a Rail ndash Degree of Market Opening ndash Passengers 742415b Rail ndash Degree of Market Opening ndash Freight 752416 Rail ndash Alps Crossing Freight Traffic 762417 Rail ndash Channel Tunnel Traffic 77

25 Infrastructure 78251 Road ndash Length of Motorways 78252 Road ndash Length of Road Network 79253 Railways ndash Length of Lines in Use 80254 Railways ndash High-Speed Rail Network 81255 Railways ndash Main Railway Gauge and Electric Current Used 82256 Air ndash Number of Airports 83257 Inland Waterways ndash Length In Use 84258 Pipelines 85

26 Means of Transport 86261 Road ndash Motorisation 86262 Road ndash Passenger Cars ndash Stock of Registered Vehicles 87263 Road ndash Buses and Coaches ndash Stock of Registered Vehicles 88264 Road ndash Goods Vehicles ndash Stock of Registered Vehicles 89265 Road ndash Powered Two-wheelers ndash Stock of Registered Vehicles 90266 Road ndash Passenger Cars ndash New Vehicle Registrations 91267 Road ndash Goods Vehicles ndash New Vehicle Registrations 92

4

CONTENTS

268 Road ndash Buses and Coaches ndash New Vehicle Registrations 93269 Road ndash Motorcycles ndash New Vehicle Registrations 942610 Road ndash Mopeds ndash New Vehicle Deliveries 952611 Sea ndash EU Merchant Fleet 962612a Sea ndash World Merchant Fleet ndash By World Region 972612b Sea ndash World Merchant Fleet ndash By Type of Ship 982613 Air ndash Passenger Aircraft 992614 Air ndash Freight Special Business Aircraft 1002615 Rail ndash Locomotives and Railcars 1012616 Rail ndash Passenger Transport Vehicles 1022617 Rail ndash Goods Transport Wagons 103

27 Safety 104271 Road Fatalities 104272 Road Fatalities Country Rankings 105273a Road Fatalities ndash By Type of User 106273b Road Fatalities of Vehicle Occupants ndash By Type of Vehicle 107274 Road Accidents 108275 Railway Fatalities 109276 Air ndash Lives Lost 110277 Sea ndash Ships Lost (World) 111

PART 3 ndash ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT31 Energy 115

311 Glossary 115312 Average Calorific Values ndash Energy Content 117313 Conversion Factors 118314 Energy Statistics for EU-28 119315 Final Energy Consumption ndash By Sector 120316 Final Consumption of Motor Gasoline Diesel and Biofuels for Transport ndash By Fuel 122317 Biofuels Production ndash By Fuel 123

32 Environment 124321 Total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions 124322 GHG Emissions from Transport 125323 GHG Emissions ndash EU-28 ndash By Sector 126324 GHG Emissions ndash 2015 ndash By Sector 130325 GHG Emissions from Transport ndash EU-28 ndash By Mode 134326 GHG Emissions from Transport ndash 2015 ndash By Mode 136327 GHG Emissions from Road Transport ndash EU-28 ndash By Transport Mean 138328 Total CO2 Emissions 140329 CO2 Emissions from Transport 1413210 CO2 Emissions ndash EU-28 ndash By Sector 1423211 CO2 Emissions ndash 2015 ndash By Sector 1463212 CO2 Emissions from Transport ndash EU-28 ndash By Mode 1503213 CO2 Emissions from Transport ndash 2015 ndash By Mode 1523214 CO2 Emissions from Road Transport ndash EU-28 ndash By Transport Mean 1543215 Oil Spills at Sea 156

5

12 estimates are printed in italic

per cent

- not applicable does not exist

blank data not available

0 zero or figure less than half of unit used

ca circa = approximately

EUR euro

DG Directorate-General of the European Commission

dwt deadweight ton (shipping)

GDP Gross Domestic Product

grt gross registered tonnage (shipping)

mio 1 million

mtow maximum take-off weight (aircraft)

pkmpassenger-kilometre a unit of measure 1 passenger transported a distance of 1 kilometre

PPS Purchasing Power Standards

rpk revenue passenger kilometres (air)

TEU Twenty foot Equivalent Unit

tkmtonne-kilometre a unit of measure 1 tonne transported a distance of 1 kilometre

break in horizontal time series

break in vertical time series

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

6

COUNTRY ABBREVIATIONS

EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES (EU-28) (ALSO EEA MEMBERS)EU MEMBER STATE SINCE

AT Austria 1995BE Belgium 1958BG Bulgaria 2007CY Cyprus 2004CZ Czech Republic 2004DE Germany 1958DK Denmark 1973EE Estonia 2004EL Greece 1981ES Spain 1986FI Finland 1995

FR France 1958HR Croatia 2013HU Hungary 2004IE Ireland 1973IT Italy 1958LT Lithuania 2004LU Luxembourg 1958LV Latvia 2004MT Malta 2004NL Netherlands 1958PL Poland 2004PT Portugal 1986RO Romania 2007SE Sweden 1995SI Slovenia 2004

SK Slovak Republic 2004UK United Kingdom 1973

OTHER EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (EEA) AND IN EFTAIS Iceland EEA 1994 EFTA 1960LI Liechtenstein EEA 1994 EFTA 1991

NO Norway EEA 1994 EFTA 1960OTHER EUROPEAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION (EFTA) COUNTRIESCH Switzerland EFTA 1960

EUROPEAN UNION CANDIDATE COUNTRIESAL AlbaniaME MontenegroMK The former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaRS SerbiaTR Turkey

OTHER COUNTRIESCS Czechoslovakia (until 1992)BR BrazilCA CanadaCN ChinaIN IndiaJP JapanKR KoreaMX MexicoRU RussiaUS United States of America

Notes The countries which were members of the EU in 1994 became members of the EEA in 1994 those which joined the EU in 1995 had already been EEA members since 1994 and those which joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 became members of the EEA upon accession to the EU Croatia joined EEA in 2014 The former GDR is always included in DE unification on 3101990

GENERAL DATA

GENERAL

P A R T 1

GENERAL

8

PART 1 SUMMARY

GENERAL DATA

11 GENERAL DATA 9

12 GROWTH IN GDP AND INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 10

13 EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT 11

14 SHARE OF GROSS VALUE ADDED AND

EMPLOYMENT ndash BY SECTOR 12

15 POPULATION 13

16a MEMBER STATES EXTERNAL

TRADE OF GOODS ndash IMPORTS 14

16b MEMBER STATES EXTERNAL

TRADE OF GOODS ndash EXPORTS 15

17 COMPARISON EU-28 ndash WORLD 16

9Sources Eurostat nat ional sources Provis ional or est imated data from Eurostat in i ta l ics

AREA POPULA-TION

GDP (NOMINAL) GDP PER HEAD IN PPS

1 000 km2 million billion EUR EU-28 = 100

on 112016 2015 2014 2015EU-28 4 4706 510284 14 7106 100 100

BE 305 11311 4104 120 118 BG 1110 7154 453 46 47 CZ 789 10554 1670 86 87 DK 431 5707 2718 127 127 DE 3571 82176 3 0328 125 124 EE 452 1316 203 76 75 IE 703 4725 2558 137 177

EL 1320 10784 1757 70 68 ES 5060 46446 1 0756 89 90 FR 6331 66760 2 1811 107 106 HR 566 4191 438 58 58

IT 3013 60666 1 6454 96 96 CY 93 0848 176 81 81 LV 646 1969 244 63 64 LT 653 2889 373 75 75 LU 26 0576 512 266 263

HU 930 9830 1097 68 68 MT 03 0434 93 89 92 NL 415 16979 6765 130 128 AT 839 8690 3399 129 128 PL 3127 37967 4298 67 69 PT 921 10341 1795 76 77 RO 2384 19760 1600 55 57

SI 203 2064 386 83 83 SK 490 5426 787 77 77 FI 3384 5487 2095 111 109

SE 4503 9851 4470 124 124 UK 2438 65383 2 5801 108 108 AL 287 2886 103 30 30

ME 138 0622 36 41 42 MK 257 2071 91 36 36 RS 884 7076 335 37 36 TR 7853 78741 7726 61 62 IS 1030 0333 151 120 124

NO 3238 5166 3483 175 160 CH 413 8238 6045 163 162

Notes CY Area refers to the whole island FR Area and population include the 5 French overseas departments Guyane Martinique Mayotte Guadeloupe and La Reacuteunion Data on GDP based on ESA2010 methodology

GENERAL DATA

General Data 11

10

GENERAL DATAGENERAL DATA

Sources Eurostat UNECE OECD nat ional sources Provis ional or est imated data from Eurostat in i ta l ics

GROWTH IN GDP Real growth

GROWTH IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

(excluding construction)

CHANGE CHANGE

2012 2013 2014 2015 2012 2013 2014 2015EU-28 -05 02 16 22 -21 -05 12 23

BE 01 -01 17 15 -21 10 10 -01BG 00 09 13 36 -04 -02 18 29CZ -08 -05 27 45 -09 02 50 48DK 02 09 17 16 02 04 08 13DE 05 05 16 17 -04 02 13 08EE 43 14 28 14 15 42 43 02IE -11 11 85 263 -15 -22 210 370

EL -73 -32 04 -02 -21 -33 -20 10ES -29 -17 14 32 -69 -17 13 34FR 02 06 06 13 -22 -06 -08 15HR -22 -11 -05 16 -55 -17 12 26

IT -28 -17 01 08 -63 -31 -07 11CY -32 -60 -15 17 -96 -135 -07 35LV 40 26 21 27 63 -07 -09 35LT 38 35 35 18 38 31 04 45LU 00 42 47 35 -52 -31 45 10

HU -16 21 40 31 -13 14 72 71MT 27 46 84 74 54 -53 -57 64NL -11 -02 14 20 -05 05 -29 -33AT 07 01 06 10 02 05 10 21PL 16 14 33 39 11 26 32 45PT -40 -11 09 16 -62 05 18 17RO 06 35 31 39 26 74 63 30

SI -27 -11 31 23 -08 -09 17 51SK 17 15 26 38 80 39 86 70FI -14 -08 -06 03 -15 -32 -19 -12

SE -03 12 26 41 -12 -47 -17 32UK 13 19 31 22 -31 -04 15 13AL 14 10 18 26 60 138 30 16

ME -27 35 18 34 -70 105 -114 79MK -05 29 36 38 -27 32 48 49RS -10 26 -18 08 -25 60 -66 84TR 48 85 52 61 25 35 35 29IS 12 44 19 42 45 -40 10 94

NO 27 10 19 16 27 -49 35 06CH 10 18 20 08 17 05 21 -24

Notes Industrial production includes NACE Rev 2 Sections B C and D Data adjusted by working days Data has been extracted on 080317 Growth GDP section data calculated according to the ESA2010 methodology Growth industrial production section data for the 28 member states NO TR RS ME and MK provided by Eurostat IS estimated by OECD CH provided by OECD

12 Growth in GDP amp Industrial ProductionCOMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS YEAR

11

Sources Eurostat UNECE MK TR nat ional source (unt i l co lumn break) AL ME RS nat ional sources (change in methodology in 2014)

EMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

2012 2013 2014 2015 2012 2013 2014 2015EU-28 641 641 648 656 106 110 104 96

BE 618 618 619 618 76 85 86 86 BG 588 595 610 629 124 130 115 92 CZ 665 677 690 702 70 70 62 51 DK 726 725 728 735 77 72 68 63 DE 730 735 738 740 55 53 51 47 EE 671 685 696 719 102 89 75 63 IE 588 605 617 633 150 133 115 96

EL 508 488 494 508 247 277 267 251 ES 558 548 560 578 249 262 246 222 FR 640 640 638 638 95 100 104 104 HR 535 525 546 560 163 175 175 164

IT 566 555 557 563 108 123 129 121 CY 646 617 621 627 121 161 163 152 LV 630 650 663 681 153 121 111 101 LT 620 637 657 672 136 120 109 93 LU 658 657 666 661 52 59 59 67

HU 567 581 618 639 111 102 78 68 MT 591 608 624 639 64 65 59 55 NL 744 736 731 741 59 73 75 69 AT 714 714 711 711 49 54 57 58 PL 597 600 617 629 102 105 91 76 PT 614 606 626 639 163 170 145 129 RO 602 601 610 614 71 74 71 70

SI 641 633 639 652 90 103 99 91 SK 597 599 610 627 140 143 132 115 FI 694 689 687 685 78 83 88 96

SE 738 744 749 755 81 82 81 76 UK 699 705 719 727 81 77 63 54 AL 559 499 505 529 138 164 179 175

ME 470 474 504 514 197 195 180 176 MK 440 460 469 478 312 291 281 263 RS 452 473 507 520 239 221 199 182 TR 489 495 495 502 83 89 101 104 IS 797 811 829 847 61 55 51 42

NO 757 754 752 748 32 35 36 44 CH 794 796 798 802 43 45 47 47

Notes Employment rate persons in employment as a percentage of the population of working age (15-64 years) Unemployment rate persons unemployed as a percentage of the active population (between 15 and 64 years old)

Employment and Unemployment 13

12

GENERAL DATA

SHARE OF GROSS VALUE ADDED () SHARE OF EMPLOYMENT ()

AGRI- CULTURE INDUSTRY SERVICES AGRI-

CULTURE INDUSTRY SERVICES

2015 2015EU-28 15 246 738 48 217 735

BE 07 222 771 13 178 809 BG 48 279 673 188 255 557 CZ 25 378 597 31 368 601 DK 12 229 758 24 170 806 DE 06 305 689 15 244 741 EE 34 274 692 39 294 667 IE 10 417 573 55 183 761

EL 41 157 802 117 142 741 ES 26 236 738 40 175 785 FR 17 195 788 28 174 798 HR 41 266 693 91 267 642

IT 23 237 740 37 233 730 CY 23 106 872 41 159 801 LV 34 229 738 81 236 683 LT 36 298 665 91 251 659 LU 02 124 873 09 194 797

HU 41 319 640 63 261 676 MT 13 153 835 16 185 800 NL 18 200 782 22 147 831 AT 13 283 704 41 230 729 PL 26 341 633 115 303 582 PT 23 223 754 99 229 672 RO 47 337 616 266 277 457

SI 24 327 649 80 292 628 SK 37 348 615 32 309 658 FI 25 269 706 43 225 732

SE 13 263 724 23 205 772 UK 07 194 799 12 160 828 AL 231 243 526 413 162 425

ME 98 175 726 77 175 748 MK 114 266 620 179 305 516 RS 82 314 605 194 245 561 TR 78 317 605 204 272 524 IS 62 226 712 42 177 781

NO 18 346 635 25 203 772 CH 07 255 738 32 214 753

Notes Agriculture covers agriculture hunting forestry and fishing Industry includes mining and quarrying manufacturing energy gas and water supply as well as construction All other sectors are included in services Share of value added based on NACE 2 classification (ISIC rev 4) Preliminary or estimated data for EL ES FR NL PT RO CH MK AL Share of employment based on NACE 2 classification (ISIC rev 4) Preliminary or estimated data for EL ES FR BG NL MT PT RO

Sources Eurostat UNECE nat ional sources (AL MK TR )

14 Share of Gross Value Addedand Employment ndash BY SECTOR

13

GENERAL DATA

Source Eurostat

AT 1 JANUARY

million

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 change 1516

EU-28 475161 483163 486830 494598 503171 508504 510284 04BE 9948 10131 10239 10446 10840 11237 11311 07BG 8767 8427 8191 7689 7422 7202 7154 -07CZ 10362 10333 10278 10199 10462 10538 10554 01DK 5135 5216 5330 5411 5535 5660 5707 08DE 79113 81539 82163 82501 81802 81198 82176 12EE 1571 1448 1401 1359 1333 1315 1316 01IE 3507 3598 3778 4112 4549 4629 4725 21

EL 10121 10536 10776 10970 11119 10858 10784 -07ES 38826 39343 40050 43296 46487 46450 46446 00FR 56577 59315 60545 62773 64659 66488 66760 04HR 4773 4659 4498 4311 4303 4225 4191 -08

IT 56694 56844 56924 57875 59190 60796 60666 -02CY 0573 0645 0690 0733 0819 0847 0848 02LV 2668 2501 2382 2250 2121 1986 1969 -09LT 3694 3643 3512 3355 3142 2921 2889 -11LU 0379 0406 0434 0461 0502 0563 0576 24

HU 10375 10337 10222 10098 10014 9856 9830 -03MT 0352 0369 0380 0403 0414 0429 0434 12NL 14893 15424 15864 16306 16575 16901 16979 05AT 7645 7943 8002 8201 8352 8576 8690 13PL 38038 38581 38263 38174 38023 38006 37967 -01PT 9996 10009 10249 10495 10573 10375 10341 -03RO 23211 22712 22455 21382 20295 19871 19760 -06

SI 1996 1989 1988 1998 2047 2063 2064 01SK 5288 5356 5399 5373 5390 5421 5426 01FI 4974 5099 5171 5237 5351 5472 5487 03

SE 8527 8816 8861 9011 9341 9747 9851 11UK 57157 57943 58785 60182 62510 64875 65383 08AL 3287 3249 3058 3135 2892 2886 -02

ME 0633 0603 0613 0619 0622 0622 00MK 1873 1957 2022 2035 2053 2069 2071 01RS 7625 7528 7456 7307 7114 7076 -05TR 55495 61204 66889 68010 72561 77696 78741 13IS 0254 0267 0279 0294 0318 0329 0333 10LI 0028 0031 0032 0035 0036 0037 0038 07

NO 4233 4348 4478 4606 4858 5166 5211 09CH 6674 7019 7164 7415 7786 8238 8327 11

Notes DE population includes DE-E 1990=161 CY from 1975 onwards government-controlled area only FR as from 1991 it includes the 4 French overseas departments and as from 2015 it includes Mayotte as well

Population 15

14

GENERAL DATA

YEAR 2015 (VALUE = billion EUR)IMPORTS FROM

WO

RLD

EU-2

8

EXTR

A-EU

-28 OF WHICH

CAN

DID

ATE

5

EFTA

USA

JAPA

N

RUSS

IA

CHIN

A

EU-28 4 722861 2 993655 1 729207 74216 180766 249263 59874 136406 350640

BE 338125 212314 125811 3832 8843 29348 7698 8316 14684

BG 26347 16953 9394 2122 0211 0243 0085 3171 0969

CZ 127481 98510 28972 1149 1199 1900 1024 3133 10528

DK 77173 53620 23553 0883 5391 1993 0350 1299 5609

DE 947627 621622 326005 15970 54936 45156 13963 27399 69064

EE 13100 10704 2396 0052 0192 0175 0029 0821 0625

IE 69024 45627 23397 0382 2627 10165 1312 0149 2688

EL 43574 23063 20511 1829 0541 0595 0249 3399 2552

ES 281222 170837 110385 4897 5075 10182 2466 3333 19808

FR 516812 353841 162971 6070 18030 28382 4411 6063 27622

HR 18564 14428 4136 0747 0182 0165 0026 0433 0525

IT 370484 217390 153094 9504 11713 14195 3121 14408 28232

CY 5045 3714 1331 0032 0105 0047 0053 0121 0238

LV 13057 10366 2692 0083 0160 0088 0021 1092 0417

LT 25399 17199 8201 0150 0360 0358 0038 4138 0725

LU 21039 15205 5834 0035 0123 1767 0224 0007 2438

HU 82947 63520 19427 1480 0567 1577 1148 3282 5150

MT 5220 3410 1809 0125 0048 0183 0069 0073 0213

NL 462550 212445 250106 3675 19613 36911 10474 18371 66824

AT 140699 108009 32690 1915 8467 3549 0860 2173 5266

PL 177182 125325 51857 2229 2283 3211 1122 12618 13087

PT 60310 46152 14159 0485 0358 0966 0271 0637 1778

RO 62978 48586 14392 2786 0527 0679 0292 2002 2887

SI 26887 18812 8076 1753 0353 0407 0077 0256 1459

SK 66167 52057 14110 0766 0353 0382 0271 3433 2720

FI 54488 39757 14730 0292 1238 1315 0272 5954 1960

SE 124807 87357 37450 1203 10760 3432 1353 4202 7414

UK 564551 302832 261719 9769 26512 51891 8594 6123 55158

Notes Candidate 5 Albania Serbia the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Montenegro and Turkey EFTA Iceland Liechtenstein Norway Switzerland

Source Eurostat

16a Member States External Trade of GoodsIMPORTS

15

GENERAL DATA

YEAR 2015 (VALUE = billion EUR)EXPORTS TO

WO

RLD

EU-2

8

EXTR

A-EU

-28 OF WHICH

CAN

DID

ATE

5

EFTA

USA

JAPA

N

RUSS

IA

CHIN

A

EU-28 4 857474 3 068320 1 789154 97629 203133 371295 56533 73737 170357

BE 357737 257088 100649 4899 6566 21453 3310 3038 6776

BG 22878 14853 8025 2781 0115 0367 0039 0401 0537

CZ 142364 118560 23804 2313 2898 3374 0782 2889 1671

DK 86060 52791 33269 0830 6514 7220 1654 0745 3588

DE 1 195822 692808 503014 25722 58012 114510 17264 21672 71918

EE 11569 8690 2880 0107 0546 0363 0064 0773 0136

IE 111704 59321 52382 0713 6494 26784 3849 0366 1650

EL 25890 14037 11853 2973 0187 1246 0061 0213 0228

ES 254599 165644 88956 5380 4882 11497 2469 1670 4381

FR 455866 268055 187811 7661 15500 32938 6330 4534 17932

HR 11663 7687 3976 1003 0186 0269 0043 0199 0070

IT 412291 225975 186316 13113 20963 35977 5507 7093 10413

CY 1673 0871 0802 0008 0024 0029 0001 0009 0039

LV 10939 7567 3372 0187 0290 0157 0040 1252 0110

LT 22904 14049 8855 0177 0716 0998 0049 3139 0102

LU 15532 13060 2472 0125 0448 0405 0063 0112 0231

HU 88846 72240 16607 3081 0987 2457 0502 1504 1262

MT 2325 1049 1276 0024 0031 0135 0109 0003 0024

NL 513499 388788 124711 6366 11237 18876 3568 4807 9551

AT 137757 96519 41237 2234 8242 8739 1298 2608 3074

PL 179533 142450 37083 3530 4123 4027 0514 5119 1819

PT 49826 36257 13568 0380 0679 2567 0146 0158 0839

RO 54610 40241 14369 3017 0812 1053 0211 0990 0525

SI 28793 21869 6924 1695 0486 0515 0057 0861 0294

SK 67845 57986 9859 1201 1269 1466 0063 1527 1020

FI 53951 31792 22160 0811 2364 3768 1085 3157 2537

SE 126258 73826 52432 1549 14748 9687 1628 1570 4831

UK 414739 184246 230494 5750 33815 60418 5825 3330 24799

Notes Candidate 5 Albania Serbia the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Montenegro and Turkey EFTA Iceland Liechtenstein Norway and Switzerland

Source Eurostat

Member States External Trade of GoodsEXPORTS

16b

16Sources Eurostat Wor ld Bank OECD Relat ive GDP per capita and

currency convers ion rates own calculat ions based on World Bank data

GENERAL DATA

DATA FOR 2015EU-28 USA JAPAN CHINA RUSSIA

Populationmillion 509 39 321 42 126 96 1 371 22 144 1

Population growth change since previous year 04 08 -01 05 02

Urban population of total 75 82 93 56 74

Area1 000 km2 4 471 9 629 378 9 597 17 075

Population densityPersonskm2 114 33 336 143 8

GDP (nominal)billion EUR 14 711 16 264 3 952 9 926 1 200

Real GDP growth 22 26 12 69 -37

Relative GDP per capitain PPP (EU-28 = 100) 100 145 105 37 63

Exports of goodsbillion EUR 1 789 1 362 561 1 932 308

Imports of goodsbillion EUR 1 729 2 049 566 1 421 174

Notes EU-28 area population including French overseas departments EU-28 trade only extra-EU trade

17 Comparison EU-28 ndash World

17

TRANSPORT

P A R T 2

18

TRANSPORT

PART 2SUMMARY

21 GENERAL 19

22 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT

EXPRESSED IN TONNE-KILOMETRES 35

23 PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT

EXPRESSED IN PASSENGER-KILOMETRES 47

24 PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER

TRANSPORT USING OTHER INDICATORS 56

25 INFRASTRUCTURE 78

26 MEANS OF TRANSPORT 86

27 SAFETY 104

19

Gross Value Added

With around EUR 651 billion in Gross Value Added (GVA) at current prices the transport and storage services sector (including postal and courier activities) accounted for about 5 of total GVA in the EU-28 in 2015 (1) It should be noted however that this figure only includes the GVA of companies whose main activity is the provision of transport (and transport-related) services and that own account transport operations are not included

Employment

In 2015 the transport and storage services sector (including postal and courier activities) in the EU-28 employed around 112 million persons (2) some 52 of the total workforce (3) Around 52 of them worked in land transport (road rail and pipelines) 3 in water transport (sea and inland waterways) 4 in air transport and 25 in warehousing and supporting and transport activities (such as cargo handling storage and warehousing) and the remaining 16 in postal and courier activities

Household expenditure

In 2015 private households in the EU-28 spent EUR 1 044 billion or roughly 13 of their total consumption on transport-related items

Close to 28 of this sum (around EUR 291 billion) was used to purchase vehicles around half (EUR 522 billion) was spent on the operation of personal transport equipment (eg to buy fuel for the car) and the rest (EUR 230 billion) was spent for transport services (eg bus train plane tickets)

Goods transport

In 2015 total goods transport activities in the EU-28 are estimated to amount to 3 516 billion tkm This figure includes intra-EU air and sea transport but not transport activities between the EU and the rest of the world Road transport accounted for 49 of this total rail for 119 inland waterways for 42 and oil pipelines for 33 Intra-EU maritime transport was the second most important mode with a share of 316 while intra-EU air transport only accounted for 01 of the total

Passenger transport

In 2015 total passenger transport activities in the EU-28 by any motorized means of transport are estimated to amount to 6 602 billion pkm or on average around 12 962 km per person This figure includes intra-EU air and sea transport but not transport activities between the EU and the rest of the world Passenger cars accounted for 715 of this total powered two-wheelers for 19 buses amp coaches for 82 railways for 67 and tram and metro for 16 Intra-EU air and intra-EU maritime transport contributed for 98 and 03 respectively

Notes (1) It is estimated that the transport share amounts of 45 of total GVA if postal and courier activities are not included (2) Figures on number of persons employed in transport total workforce and

shares per mode based on Eurostat Labour Force Survey (age 15-64 years) (3) 44 of total employment if postal and courier activities are not included

21TRANSPORT - GENERAL

Statistical Overview EU Transport 211

20

Safety

Road 26 134 persons were killed in road accidents (fatalities within 30 days) in 2015 07 more than in 2014 (when 25 974 people lost their lives) In comparison with 2001 the number of road fatalities was lower by more than half (-524 )

Rail 27 passengers lost their lives in 2015 this figure does not include casual-ties among railway employees or other people run over by trains

Air 6 lives were lost in 2015

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

211 Statistical Overview EU Transport

21

ANNUAL GROWTH RATES EU-28

1995ndash2015 pa 2000ndash2015 pa 2014ndash2015

GDP at year 2005 prices and exchange rates 17 13 22

Passenger transport (pkm) 11 08 26

Freight transport (tkm) 11 05 12

PASSENGERS (1) (pkm)

GOODS (2) (tkm)

GDP (AT CONSTANT YEAR 2005 PRICES)

YEAR 1995

= 100PASSENGERS GOODS GDP 1995ndash2015

140

135

130

125

120

115

110

105

100

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Sources Eurostat Tables 2 2 2 and 2 3 2

Notes (1) Passenger cars powered two-wheelers buses amp coaches tram amp metro railways intra-EU air intra-EU sea

(2) Road rail inland waterways oil pipelines intra-EU air intra-EU sea

GDP at constant year 2005 prices and exchange rates

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

Transport Growth EU-28 212

22

SPEED LIMIT CARS (IN GENERAL) kmh Blood alcohol limit grams of

alcohol in 1 litre of bloodBuilt-up areas

Outside built-up areas Motorways

BE 50 70-90-120 120 05BG 50 90-120 140 00CZ 50 90-110 130 00DK 50 80 130 05DE 50 100 (130) 05EE 50 90 - 02IE 50 80-100 120 05

EL 50 90-110 130 05ES 50 90-100 120 05FR 50 90-110 130 05HR 50 90 130 05

IT 50 90 130 05CY 50 80 100 05LV 50 90 - 05LT 50 70-90 100-130 04LU 50 90 130 05

HU 50 90-110 130 00MT 50 80 - 08NL 50 80-100 120-130 05AT 50 100 130 05PL 50-60 90-100 120-140 02PT 50 90-100 120 05RO 50 90-100 130 00

SI 50 90-110 130 05SK 50 90 130 00FI 50 80 80-120 022

SE 50 70 110 02UK 48 96-112 112 08AL 40 80-90 110 01

ME 50 80-100 130 05MK 60 80-100 120 05RS 50 80-100 120 03TR 50 90-110 120 05IS 50 80-90 - 05

NO 50 80 100 02CH 50 80-100 120 05

Notes UK IE CY and MT drive on the left hand side of the road the other Member States drive on the right hand side (Sweden since 3 September 1967) Signs in UK are in miles per hour The reported speed limits refer to general circumstances Different speed limits might apply in residential or pedestrian areas on the basis of weather conditions the time of the day the vehicle driven the season the visibility or unless otherwise stated by traffic signs The higher figure shown in the lsquooutside built-up areasrsquo column generally refers to the speed limit on dual carriageways that are not motorways Speed limits BE 70 kmh outside built-up areas in the Flemish Region DE Motorways No general speed limit recommended speed limit is 130 kmh (more than half the network has a speed limit of 120 kmh or less) ES Different speed limits apply on non-urban roads according to the presence of hard shoulders or if the vehicle is equipped with a trailer or dangerous goods Blood alcohol limits In many countries special (more restrictive) rules apply to novice (ie new unexperienced) and professional drivers

Sources Nat ional sources Internat ional Transport Forum EC Road Safety website T IPSOL World Health Organizat ion

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

213 Road TransportSPEED LIMITS BLOOD ALCOHOL LIMITS

23

WEI

GH

T

PER

BEA

RIN

G

AXLE

WEI

GH

T

PER

DRI

VE

AXLE

LORRIES ROAD TRAIN

ARTICU-LATED VEHI-CLES

tonnes 2 axles 3 axles 4 axles5 axles

and more5 axles

and more

BE 10 12 19 26 39 44 44BG 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40CZ 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 42-48 (1) 42-48DK 10 115 18 24-26 38 42-56 42-56 (2)DE 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40EE 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40-44IE 10 115 18 26 36 44-46 44-46

EL 7-10 13 19 26 33-38 42 42-44ES 10 115 18 25-26 32-36-38 40 40-44FR 12-13 12-13 19 26 38 40-44 40-44HR 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40-44

IT 12 12 18 26 (1) 40 44 44CY 10 115 18 25 36 40 40-44LV 10 115 18 25-26 36 40 40-44LT 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40-44LU 10 12 19 26 44 44 44

HU 10 115 18 25 36 40 40-44MT 10 115 18 25 36 40 40-44

NL (2) 10 115 215 215-305 40 50 50AT 10 115 18 26 36 40-44 40-44PL 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40PT 10-12 12 19 26 37 40-44-60 40-44RO 10 115 18 25-26 36 40 40-44

SI 10 115 18 25-26 36 40 40-44SK 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40

FI (3) 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 44-76 (4) 42-48SE 10 115 18 26 38 46-64 (5) 48-64 (5)

UK 10 115 18 26 36 40-44 40-44 AL 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 44

ME 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40-44MK 10 115 18 24 31 40 40RS 10 115 18 25-26 36-38 40 40-44TR 10 115 18 25-26 32-36-38 40-44 40-44IS 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 44

NO (2) 10 115 19 26 39 46-50 46-50CH 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40

LI 10 115 18 26 (1) 36 40 40

Notes An articulated vehicle consists of a road tractor coupled to a semi-trailer A road train is a goods road motor vehicle coupled to one or more trailers Different limits apply in case the vehicle is equipped with specific tyres or road-friendly suspensions performing combined transport operations for national and international traffic for specific axle configurations in case of trailers or for carrying specific types of goods or containers For a more complete country overview please consult the International Transport Forum website (1) Only for air suspension or similar and ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) (2) Under specific conditions EMS (European Modular System) combinations may have a maximum length of 2525m and maximum mass of 60t (3) For vehicles registered in an EEA member country (4) 5 axles = 44t 6 axles = 56t 7 axles = 60t 8 axels 64-68t (restrictions for ADR) 69-76t (not for ADR) (5) 5 axles = 46t 6 axles = 64t 7 axles = 64t

Sources Internat ional Transport Forum nat ional sources

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

Road TransportMAXIMUM GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT

214

24

TOTA

L

ROA

D

frei

ght t

rans

port

ROA

D

pass

enge

r tra

nspo

rt (

)

Railw

ays

Pipe

lines

Inla

nd w

ater

tr

ansp

ort

Sea

tran

spor

t

Air

tran

spor

t

War

ehou

sing

an

d su

ppor

t act

ivit

ies

Post

al a

nd c

ouri

er

acti

viti

es

EU-28 10 4911 2 8962 2 0544 4481 279 445 1781 3652 2 7000 1 7910

BE 2098 591 175 366 01 07 10 55 547 346

BG 1573 588 318 114 09 06 19 324 195

CZ 2645 1166 377 275 06 00 23 399 400

DK 1600 338 270 92 00 01 213 99 348 240

DE 2 1040 3697 3714 475 32 99 166 637 7061 5159

EE 385 161 37 13 00 00 07 03 129 34

IE 920 194 273 40 01 06 81 153 172

EL 1721 355 687 11 00 140 31 376 122

ES 8225 3026 1742 148 04 63 283 2157 801

FR 1 2895 3476 3009 256 46 31 132 770 2684 2548

HR 847 222 196 51 01 41 11 214 112

IT 1 0733 3032 1664 395 21 26 445 213 3334 1603

CY 184 19 31 00 00 00 21 06 92 14

LV 779 251 136 38 02 01 08 13 274 55

LT 1117 558 146 108 00 01 14 06 203 82

LU 208 74 00 00 09 31

HU 2264 667 487 189 08 08 00 08 540 355

MT 99 12 19 00 00 00 14 05 37 12

NL 3990 1117 619 136 01 134 105 253 874 751

AT 1941 593 565 107 04 05 00 67 357 243

PL 7333 3030 1344 540 37 16 21 43 1351 950

PT 1509 608 328 07 02 15 109 297 144

RO 3388 1217 765 284 65 20 03 36 625 372

SI 437 212 52 02 06 79 70

SK 993 350 132 135 04 00 03 206 164

FI 1499 457 41 03 92 47 313 198

SE 2658 763 698 92 15 124 56 500 412

UK 1 1831 2192 2430 568 08 23 161 759 3359 2325

Notes () Data refer to transportation and storage activities (including postal and courier services removal services) Data are based on Structural Business Statistics and therefore total transport employment differs from value on Overview 211 The values above in italics are not from ESTAT or other official source but are merely indicative estimates made by DG MOVE

() Including all urban and suburban land transport modes (motor bus tramway streetcar trolley bus underground and elevated railways) The above figures refer to those companies whose main activity lies in the mode concerned Economic activity according to NACE Rev 2 classification

Source Eurostat est imates ( in i ta l ics)

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

215 Employment by Mode of Transport () 2014 ndash in 1 000

25

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

TOTA

L

ROA

D

frei

ght t

rans

port

ROA

D

pass

enge

r tra

nspo

rt (

)

Railw

ays

Pipe

lines

Inla

nd w

ater

tr

ansp

ort

Sea

tran

spor

t

Air

tran

spor

t

War

ehou

sing

an

d su

ppor

t act

ivit

ies

Post

al a

nd c

ouri

er

acti

viti

es

EU-28 1 158 089 553 873 361 509 892 245 9 860 11 114 4 500 150 282 65 800

BE 17 221 7 875 2 700 27 48 323 88 223 3 318 2 619

BG 20 304 11 233 5 792 16 31 25 46 2 129 1 032

CZ 38 610 30 623 3 250 28 2 83 2 43 4 278 301

DK 11 048 4 928 2 881 18 6 22 287 66 1 409 1 431

DE 91 397 31 019 22 944 151 35 1 168 1 554 620 20 288 13 618

EE 4 842 2 889 460 6 0 4 35 12 1 333 103

IE 24 595 4 503 15 533 13 26 136 67 1 560 2 757

EL 63 833 19 359 35 009 10 0 2 648 23 6 360 424

ES 190 480 102 535 61 642 13 62 290 96 19 498 6 343

FR 106 036 34 773 52 692 41 75 1 097 884 681 12 110 3 683

HR 8 642 5 745 1 123 11 2 18 639 29 1 029 46

IT 125 688 69 121 29 634 27 11 1 008 694 228 22 560 2 405

CY 2 931 831 1 161 0 0 0 56 1 703 179

LV 6 951 3 378 1 182 32 2 23 46 22 1 997 269

LT 11 595 5 254 3 521 5 0 14 10 14 2 050 727

LU 957 447 206 1 0 24 0 18 207 51

HU 26 137 13 812 7 404 33 5 105 7 81 3 599 1 091

MT 1 335 361 602 0 0 0 92 3 244 33

NL 38 351 11 268 6 950 35 13 4 302 864 343 6 906 7 670

AT 14 311 6 767 5 405 28 4 99 0 176 1 392 440

PL 140 736 79 062 45 877 151 5 392 257 344 11 611 3 037

PT 21 876 7 995 10 860 4 1 43 203 72 2 273 425

RO 39 666 24 953 10 448 87 3 126 66 69 2 688 1 226

SI 8 313 5 477 1 003 7 3 39 42 73 1 156 513

SK 14 350 6 282 4 189 13 20 0 30 3 179 631

FI 21 580 9 986 8 874 5 1 75 257 88 1 940 354

SE 29 529 15 021 8 759 57 477 770 302 3 675 468

UK 76 775 38 376 11 408 93 9 279 1 156 719 10 790 13 945

Notes () Data refer to transportation and storage activities (including postal and courier services removal services) The values above in italics are not from ESTAT or other official source but are merely indicative estimates made by DG MOVE

() Including all urban and suburban land transport modes (motor bus tramway streetcar trolley bus underground and elevated railways)

The above figures refer to those companies whose main activity lies in the mode concerned Economic activity according to NACE Rev 2 classification

Number of Enterprises by Mode of Transport () 2014

216

26

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

TOTA

L

ROA

D

frei

ght t

rans

port

ROA

D

pass

enge

r tra

nspo

rt (

)

Railw

ays

Pipe

lines

Inla

nd w

ater

tr

ansp

ort

Sea

tran

spor

t

Air

tran

spor

t

War

ehou

sing

an

d su

ppor

t act

ivit

ies

Post

al a

nd c

ouri

er

acti

viti

es

EU-28 1 415 550 315 948 138 268 61 785 17 223 7 768 106 349 145 051 510 493 110 000

BE 47 326 11 315 1 370 4 422 164 291 2 000 3 896 20 218 3 648

BG 6 225 3 140 457 311 42 28 379 1 564 303

CZ 20 890 7 630 1 283 1 581 33 0 966 8 267 1 130

DK 51 972 5 567 2 720 1 606 1 69 26 954 2 837 10 117 2 101

DE 278 050 36 418 28 096 10 880 3 706 2 462 24 478 23 483 119 139 29 388

EE 4 718 1 182 155 114 0 10 519 133 2 506 99

IE 18 813 2 508 2 716 256 13 826 7 179 3 763 1 554

EL 12 023 2 605 2 101 278 0 1 779 1 055 3 459 747

ES 99 135 30 988 10 450 2 444 18 1 709 8 959 40 260 4 307

FR 202 384 42 568 26 813 6 260 2 639 703 14 158 20 287 74 744 14 211

HR 4 019 1 266 617 247 2 279 1 168

IT 151 897 43 694 12 109 6 237 3 107 186 11 480 12 953 52 766 9 365

CY 2 360 143 138 0 0 0 163 114 1 744 58

LV 5 383 1 408 18 68 372 2 730 103

LT 7 899 3 350 265 469 0 2 171 161 3 354 127

LU 5 496 1 211 0 86 0 1 060

HU 16 270 4 702 1 619 802 357 76 4 1 369 6 509 832

MT 1 227 74 72 0 0 0 85 59 907 30

NL 77 996 19 457 3 805 2 662 481 2 932 5 947 10 854 26 347 5 510

AT 39 670 9 356 4 256 2 856 605 108 0 3 737 16 125 2 627

PL 43 976 21 716 3 855 2 530 893 213 412 1 791 10 328 2 239

PT 17 861 5 009 1 156 198 33 466 3 940 6 139 920

RO 14 135 6 854 1 172 875 449 102 77 513 3 384 710

SI 4 807 2 235 293 265 3 36 207 1 467 301

SK 7 606 2 612 286 1 188 54 0 104 2 770 593

FI 23 109 6 111 2 448 699 14 2 496 3 331 6 449 1 561

SE 46 982 10 652 7 979 1 952 152 3 443 2 872 16 548 3 384

UK 203 323 32 175 23 305 13 506 950 147 8 603 30 692 66 660 27 286

217 Turnover by Mode of Transport ()2014 ndash MILLION EUR

27

BY TYPE OF EXPENDITURE ndash 2015

FIN

AL

CON

SUM

PTIO

N

OF

HO

USE

HO

LDS

FO

R TR

ANSP

ORT

of which

TRAN

SPO

RT A

S

A

OF

TOTA

L FI

NAL

CO

NSU

MPT

ION

O

F H

OU

SEH

OLD

S

EXPE

ND

ITU

RE

PER

HEA

D O

N

TRAN

SPO

RTpurchase of personal transport

equipment

operation of personal transport

equipment

purchased transport services

million EUR EUREU-28 1 044 478 291 383 522 893 230 202 130 2 000

BE 22 026 6 052 13 643 2 331 110 2 000

BG 4 601 957 2 131 1 513 154 600

CZ 7 468 2 639 3 588 1 240 93 700

DK 14 597 4 717 8 069 1 811 117 2 600

DE 221 176 70 738 96 259 54 179 144 2 700

EE 1 180 214 712 254 109 900

IE 10 889 3 589 4 219 3 082 130 2 300

EL 18 019 3 962 6 229 7 828 138 1 700

ES 69 060 17 232 39 906 11 922 108 1 500

FR 152 109 38 831 85 528 27 749 131 2 300

HR 3 245 906 1 633 706 129 771

IT 121 022 26 136 75 723 19 163 120 2 000

CY 1 580 392 801 388 117 1 900

LV 1 738 317 991 431 117 900

LT 3 454 532 2 425 497 146 1 200

LU 2 812 882 1 778 152 158 4 900

HU 7 045 1 553 4 479 1 013 127 700

MT 655 159 354 142 119 1 500

NL 37 293 9 714 21 240 6 339 126 2 200

AT 21 160 5 601 11 375 4 183 117 2 500

PL 30 471 8 231 18 246 3 995 122 800

PT 15 505 5 097 8 287 2 121 127 1 500

RO 11 003 1 951 6 135 2 918 113 600

SI 3 434 831 2 345 258 160 1 700

SK 3 186 681 1 389 1 117 75 600

FI 12 848 3 356 7 167 2 325 117 2 300

SE 24 852 7 471 11 775 5 606 127 2 500

UK 220 648 68 222 86 059 66 367 140 3 400

Note FR CY NL PT RO provisional data

Sources Eurostat est imates ( in i ta l ics) F inal consumption based on the new ESA2010 Nat ional Accounts Methodology

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

Final Consumption of Households for Transport

218

28

YEAR 2015

= 100

OPERATION OF

PERSONAL TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT

of whichSpare parts and accessories for

personal transport

equipment

Fuels and lubricants for

personal transport

equipment

Maintenance and repair of

personal transport

equipment

Other services in respect of

personal transport

equipment2016 976 1000 942 1014 10152015 1000 1000 1000 1000 10002014 1056 1002 1125 983 9882013 1066 1000 1163 963 9752012 1070 993 1188 941 9582011 1020 971 1110 918 9422010 941 949 977 891 9262009 867 939 853 867 9092008 910 927 967 834 8852007 849 905 878 798 8592006 824 886 857 767 8372005 790 869 812 740 820

YEAR 2015

= 100TRANS-PORT

SERVICES

of which

Passenger transport by railway

Passenger transport by road

Passenger transport

by air

Passenger transport

by sea and inland

waterway

Combined passenger transport

Other purchased transport services

2016 1006 1004 1015 974 1031 1012 10012015 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 10002014 984 989 983 985 968 978 9972013 964 968 965 977 941 953 9912012 933 941 943 939 940 921 9862011 890 901 906 896 913 878 9692010 842 869 872 835 838 843 9612009 814 827 850 819 833 822 9662008 786 791 817 825 767 789 9622007 740 760 777 747 736 754 9332006 716 725 748 750 691 731 9062005 695 701 721 744 651 705 883

Source Eurostat

HARMONISED INDEX OF CONSUMER PRICES

YEAR 2015

= 100 ALL ITEMS TRANSPORTPURCHASE

OF VEHICLES

of which

Motor cars

Motorcycles bicycles and

animal drawn vehicles

2016 1003 988 1004 1003 10122015 1000 1000 1000 1000 10002014 1000 1027 994 995 9902013 995 1028 988 989 9822012 980 1025 987 988 9742011 955 988 984 986 9702010 926 933 978 981 9552009 907 885 973 976 9432008 898 904 974 980 9162007 867 863 977 984 9122006 847 842 968 974 9052005 827 817 962 967 909

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

219 EU-28 Evolution of Consumer Prices for Passenger Transport

29

VALUE (billion EUR)PARTNER EXTRA-EU-28

EXPORT IMPORT EXPORT + IMPORT

Sea 8597 481 9196 532 1 7793 506

Road 3136 175 2528 146 5664 161

Rail 190 11 200 12 390 11

Inland waterway 30 02 33 02 63 02

Pipeline 36 02 859 50 894 25

Air 5218 292 3751 217 8969 255

Self propulsion 451 25 197 11 647 18

Post 10 01 17 01 27 01

Unknown 224 13 511 30 736 21

TOTAL 1 7892 1000 1 7292 1000 3 5184 1000

WEIGHT (million tonnes)PARTNER EXTRA-EU-28

Sea 5225 803 1 2546 745 1 7771 761

Road 828 127 661 39 1489 64

Rail 175 27 708 42 883 38

Pipeline 28 04 2631 156 2659 114

Air 155 24 41 02 197 08

Self propulsion 04 01 13 01 16 01

Post 00 00 00 00 01 00

Unknown 10 02 143 08 153 07

TOTAL 6504 1000 1 6850 1000 2 3353 1000

Note Data for intra-EU trade are no longer available by mode of transport used

Source Eurostat

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

EU-28 External Trade by Mode of Transport ndash 2015

2110

30

RANKING

IN 20152005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015EU-28 14 13 13 13 13 13

BE 13 12 12 11 11 11 11 23BG 24 23 23 24 23 24 2

CZ 22 19 19 18 18 18 17 11

DK 12 10 10 09 09 09 09 27

DE 15 14 13 13 12 12 12 21

EE 18 21 21 20 19 19 21 5

IE 12 12 12 11 11 10 08 28

EL 11 17 18 19 18 19 18 7

ES 13 11 10 10 12 11 11 24

FR 13 12 12 11 11 11 12 22

HR 22 21 18 17 20 21 23 3

IT 15 14 14 16 16 16 16 15

CY 15 15 16 15 18 20 21 4

LV 21 20 18 17 17 17 18 8

LT 17 17 16 15 15 16 17 13

LU 28 22 22 22 20 18 17 12

HU 18 19 18 17 17 17 17 9

MT 12 13 14 13 12 13 13 18

NL 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 25

AT 13 12 13 13 12 12 12 20

PL 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 6

PT 19 17 16 16 15 15 16 14

RO 15 13 13 14 17 17 10

SI 21 25 24 28 27 26 26 1

SK 21 15 15 14 14 14 14 16

FI 14 13 12 13 13 13 12 19

SE 13 12 11 11 10 10 10 26

UK 15 16 15 15 14 14 14 17

ALMEMKRSTRIS

NO 08 08 07 06 07 06 07

CH

Notes () Transport fuel taxes include those taxes which are levied on the transport use of fuelsenergy products

EU totals are weighted averages

Sources DG Taxat ion and Customs Union based on Eurostat - provisional data

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

2111 Environmental Taxes and Transport AS OF GDP ndash TRANSPORT FUEL TAXES ()

31

RANKING

IN 20151995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 2015EU-28 05 05 05 05 05

BE 08 08 08 07 07 07 07 9BG 02 02 02 03 03 03 03 19

CZ 03 02 02 01 01 01 01 25

DK 21 18 21 14 15 15 15 1

DE 04 03 04 03 03 03 03 18

EE 03 02 01 01 01 01 01 27

IE 13 14 12 09 09 09 07 8

EL 07 08 09 07 07 07 08 7

ES 04 04 04 03 03 02 02 21

FR 04 03 03 03 03 03 03 20

HR 11 08 08 09 08 6

IT 05 06 06 06 06 06 06 12

CY 23 20 14 09 06 07 07 10

LV 00 03 03 03 05 05 05 14

LT 07 07 05 00 00 01 00 28

LU 01 01 01 02 02 01 01 26

HU 02 04 05 05 05 04 05 16

MT 23 22 17 13 11 12 12 2

NL 13 14 12 11 09 10 10 3

AT 07 08 09 08 08 09 09 5

PL 02 02 03 02 02 02 02 23

PT 09 11 09 06 05 06 06 11

RO 00 01 01 03 03 03 02 22

SI 10 04 05 04 05 05 05 15

SK 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 24

FI 08 11 11 09 09 09 09 4

SE 03 03 04 05 04 04 04 17

UK 06 06 04 06 06 06 06 13

ALMEMKRSTRIS 11 17 16 02 03 03 04

NO 14 12 14 12 11 10 10

CH

Notes () Transport taxes (excl Fuel) mainly include taxes related to the ownership and use of motor vehicles

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

Environmental Taxes and Transport AS OF GDP ndash TRANSPORT (EXCL FUEL) ()

2112

32Sources DG Taxat ion and Customs Union

based on Eurostat - provisional data

RANKING

IN 20152005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015EU-28 50 49 48 47 46 46

BE 48 44 44 41 39 40 41 24BG 101 100 94 93 90 94 1

CZ 68 63 60 57 55 56 54 17

DK 69 55 53 50 51 48 52 18

DE 52 46 45 43 41 40 39 26

EE 63 64 67 66 61 61 63 12

IE 78 76 72 69 70 67 64 11

EL 61 73 73 73 71 73 72 7

ES 48 43 42 40 43 41 40 25

FR 38 34 33 31 31 30 31 28

HR 89 81 74 69 76 81 83 2

IT 54 47 48 52 50 50 50 20

CY 92 77 76 71 76 81 83 3

LV 86 84 82 75 75 75 78 5

LT 74 63 60 58 58 59 59 14

LU 77 62 62 60 55 51 48 22

HU 63 62 61 58 56 55 56 16

MT 90 84 87 78 70 71 74 6

NL 68 64 63 60 56 56 56 15

AT 52 49 51 49 47 48 47 23

PL 67 67 66 66 66 67 67 9

PT 90 76 68 64 60 61 65 10

RO 68 55 57 61 71 69 8

SI 68 78 76 85 86 84 82 4

SK 72 61 60 57 54 52 51 19

FI 59 54 52 51 50 49 48 21

SE 36 38 36 35 35 33 33 27

UK 60 65 63 62 62 61 59 13

ALMEMKRSTRIS

NO 52 46 44 43 43 42 42

CH

Notes () Including taxes on fuel and other transport taxes EU totals are weighted averages

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

2113 Environmental Taxes amp Transport (FUEL amp OTHER TAXES)

AS OF TOTAL TAXATION ()

33Sources Eurostat Internat ional Road Federat ion Union Internat ionale des Chemins de Fer nat ional stat ist ics est imates ( in i ta l ics)

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

EU-28 USA JAPAN CHINA RUSSIA

1 000 km 2015 2015 2014 2015 2015

Road network (paved) 5 000 4 402 993 4 046 1 154

Motorway network 758 1022 (1) 84 (2) 1044 520 (3)

Railway network 2182 2032 (4) 192 1210 860

Electrified rail lines 1161 115 747 435

Navigable inland waterways 419 402 1270 1020

Oil pipelines 360 3357 1087 (5) 550 (6)

VEHICLE STOCK

2015 2015 2015 2015 2015

Passenger cars stock million 2542 243 (7) 608 (8) 879 443

Motorisation cars 1 000 persons 498 757 478 64 307

Commercial freight vehicles

million 3657 1120 1438 (9) 2066 623

TRANSPORT SAFETY

2015 2015 2015 2014 2015

Road fatalities

number 26 134 35 092 4 117 58 523 23 114

per million inhabitants 51 109 32 43 160

Notes (1) Divided highways with 4 or more lanes (rural or urban interstate freeways expressways arterial and collector) with full access control by the authorities

(2) Japan national expressways (3) Russia federal roads (4) USA a sum of partly overlapping networks (5) China both oil and gas pipelines (6) Russia only crude oil pipelines 19 thousand km of oil products pipelines are not included (7) USA light duty vehicles short wheel and long wheel base (8) Japan ordinary small and light four-wheeled vehicles (9) Japan including 85 million light motor vehicles

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

Comparison EU-28 ndash World INFRASTRUCTURE AND VEHICLES

2114

34 Sources Eurostat Japan Stat ist ics Bureau US Bureau of Transportat ion Stat is i t ics Goskom STAT (Russia) Nat ional Bureau of Stat ist ics of China

Internat ional Transport Forum est imates ( in i ta l ics)

PASSENGER TRANSPORT

billion pkm 2015 2015 2014 2015 2015

Passenger car 4 7194 6 1611 (1) 1 0743 (2)

Bus + trolley bus + coach 5435 5540 726 1323

Railway 4419 400 414 1 1961 1206

Tram + metro 1024 230 (3) 494

Waterborne 217 07 33 (4) 73 06

Air (domesticintra-EU-28) 6490 1 0330 868 7283 2268

FREIGHT TRANSPORT

billion tkm 2015 2014 2014 2015 2015

Road 1 7223 3 8105 2100 5 7956 2320

Rail 4175 2 7027 (5) 210 2 3754 2 3060

Inland waterways 1475 4830 630

Oil pipeline 1152 1 3052 4665 (6) 2 4440

Sea (domesticintra-EU-28) 1 1114 2518 (7) 1831 9 1772 (8) 400

Notes (1) USA including light trucksvans (2) China including buses and coaches (3) Japan included in railway pkm (4) Japan 2013 value (5) USA Class I rail (6) China oil and gas pipelines (7) USA refers to coastal shipping (8) China both coastwise and inland waterway transport

TRANSPORT - GENERAL

2115 Comparison EU-28 ndash World PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORT

35

billion tonne-kilometres (tkm)

1 800

1 600

1 400

1 200

1 000

800

400

300

200

100

0

Source Tables 2 2 4c to 2 2 7 est imates

1995

1999

2003

1996

2000

2004

2007

1997

2001

2005

2008

1998

2002

2006

2009

2011

2015

2014

2013

2012

2010

22

RAIL

INLAND WATERWAYS

OIL PIPELINE

AIR

SEA

ROAD

TRANSPORT - PERFORMANCE OF FRE IGHT TRANSPORT

EXPRESSED IN TONNE-K ILOMETRES

EU-28 Performance for Freight Transport 1995ndash2015 ndash BY MODE

221

36

FREIGHT TRANSPORTbillion tkm

ROAD RAILINLAND

WATERWAYS PIPELINES SEA () AIR TOTAL1995 1 289 388 122 115 930 2 2 846 2000 1 509 405 134 127 1 067 2 3 245 2005 1 755 416 139 138 1 162 2 3 612 2006 1 810 438 139 137 1 173 2 3 699 2007 1 876 452 146 128 1 149 2 3 753 2008 1 844 443 147 125 1 123 2 3 685 2009 1 660 364 133 122 1 011 2 3 292 2010 1 710 394 156 121 1 080 2 3 462 2011 1 699 422 142 118 1 095 2 3 478 2012 1 645 407 150 115 1 070 2 3 389 2013 1 671 407 153 112 1 082 2 3 427 2014 1 676 411 151 111 1 123 3 3 475 2015 1 722 418 148 115 1 111 3 3 516

1995ndash2015per year

337 76 208 02 195 449 236 15 04 09 00 09 19 11

141 30 102 -94 42 183 84 09 02 06 -07 03 11 05

2014ndash2015 28 16 -22 35 -11 09 12

MODAL SPLIT()

ROAD RAILINLAND

WATERWAYS PIPELINES SEA () AIR1995 453 136 43 40 327 012000 465 125 41 39 329 012005 486 115 38 38 322 012006 489 118 37 37 317 012007 500 120 39 34 306 012008 500 120 40 34 305 012009 504 110 40 37 307 012010 494 114 45 35 312 012011 488 121 41 34 315 012012 485 120 44 34 316 012013 488 119 45 33 316 012014 482 118 43 32 323 012015 490 119 42 33 316 01

Notes () The time series for maritime transport performance has been revised for the period from 2005 onwards by replacing previous estimates on port-to port distances with more accurate measurements by Eurostat The time series from 1995 to 2004 has been recalibrated by DG MOVE in line with the new Eurostat figures to avoid break in series The revision of tkm figures mainly concerns the calculation of distance travelled and not the tonnages transported by sea

Air and Sea only domestic and intra-EU-28 transport estimates for air and for sea (1995-2004) Road national and international haulage by vehicles registered in the EU-28 until 2004 from 2005 onwards the activity performed by European drivers within the EU territory

Sources Tables 2 2 4c to 2 2 7 Eurostat est imates ( in i ta l ics)

222 EU-28 PerformanceBY MODE

37Sources Tables 2 2 4d 2 2 5 2 2 6 2 2 7 est imates ( in i ta l ics)

tkm in

ROAD RAILINLAND

WATERWAYS PIPELINESEU-28 717 174 61 48

BE 712 109 156 24BG 530 173 266 31CZ 709 256 01 34DK 795 94 - 110DE 695 187 89 28EE 476 524 - -IE 990 10 - -

EL 973 16 - 11ES 893 56 - 51FR 822 112 28 38HR 648 172 69 110

IT 814 126 00 59CY 1000 - - -LV 187 737 - 77LT 334 644 00 23LU 857 67 76 -

HU 607 275 50 68MT 1000 - - -NL 457 58 431 54AT 570 285 25 119PL 670 230 00 99PT 841 139 - 20RO 371 308 297 23

SI 650 350 - -SK 494 302 26 178FI 726 270 04 -

SE 706 294 - -UK 838 111 01 50AL

MEMKRSTRIS

NO 775 114 - 110CH 625 374 01 -

Modal Split of Freight Transport on Land 2015 ndash BY COUNTRY

223

38Sources Eurostat Internat ional Transport Forum

nat ional stat ist ics (CH ndash unt i l 2007) est imates ( in i ta l ics)

HAULAGE BY VEHICLES REGISTERED IN THE REPORTING COUNTRY

billion tkm OF TOTAL HAULAGE

2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015CHANGE lsquo14 lsquo15

EU-28 1 0864 1 2258 1 1732 1 1131 1 1512 651 34BE 186 198 193 178 192 189 597 -12BG 31 50 61 68 72 222 51CZ 142 155 148 168 211 369 255DK 93 110 111 106 129 125 809 -32DE 2013 2265 2376 2525 2630 2697 857 25EE 04 07 18 14 15 15 243 -11IE 47 83 140 82 77 78 784 07

EL 200 230 196 253 151 150 760 -06ES 787 1069 1664 1462 1282 1372 655 71FR 1353 1632 1773 1643 1511 1412 920 -65HR 19 44 45 39 41 388 32

IT 1503 1583 1716 1492 1024 1041 891 17CY 13 14 11 05 05 973 42LV 15 27 26 27 28 187 05LT 15 21 23 28 29 110 52LU 05 04 05 06 11 11 125 -22

HU 121 114 113 96 104 270 75MT 02 02 02 02 02 800 00NL 267 315 318 301 323 322 467 -03AT 111 124 125 139 140 147 601 51PL 480 609 822 966 1047 402 83PT 165 142 174 129 105 108 339 31RO 99 194 121 121 121 309 -06

SI 19 24 23 21 21 116 03SK 51 56 52 51 52 156 30FI 218 277 278 252 203 214 875 56

SE 284 315 347 327 388 381 918 -18UK 1467 1503 1512 1378 1356 1517 955 119AL

MEMK RSTR 1125 1616 1668 1904 2345 2443 42IS 05 06 07 08 09 09 72

NO 121 154 163 190 205 884 75CH 84 89 92 96 106 104 833 -21

Notes Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually gt35 tonnes load capacity) SE break in series in 2014 due to a methodological change on the vehicles not in use

224a Road NATIONAL HAULAGE

39Sources Eurostat Internat ional Transport Forum nat ional stat ist ics (CH ) est imates ( in i ta l ics)

2015

EU-28 4216 5688 5832 6139 6170 349 05BE 270 313 246 172 126 128 403 12BG 33 93 133 210 251 778 195CZ 231 279 371 373 361 631 -32DK 131 130 122 44 32 30 192 -84DE 365 542 725 606 471 452 143 -41EE 11 32 40 42 48 47 757 -06IE 08 39 39 27 20 21 216 46

EL 40 45 42 46 41 47 240 155ES 229 418 668 639 676 722 345 67FR 429 408 280 179 141 123 80 -126HR 10 49 42 55 64 612 171

IT 241 264 402 265 155 127 109 -178CY 00 00 00 00 00 27 250LV 33 57 80 109 119 813 92LT 62 138 171 253 236 890 -68LU 50 72 83 81 85 77 875 -86

HU 70 138 224 279 280 730 04MT 01 01 01 01 01 200 00NL 404 480 523 468 401 367 533 -84AT 154 227 245 147 103 97 399 -56PL 270 509 1201 1543 1560 598 11PT 155 126 252 225 244 210 661 -137RO 44 321 138 230 270 691 172

SI 34 87 136 142 158 884 115SK 93 169 224 263 283 844 77FI 27 43 40 44 31 31 125 -16

SE 32 42 39 35 31 34 82 79UK 148 153 101 89 75 72 45 -46AL

MEMKRSTRIS

NO 30 29 34 26 27 116 45CH (1) 07 09 10 37 25 21 167 -162

Notes () Including cross-trade and cabotage Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually gt35 tonnes load capacity)

(1) CH in contrast to the data for other countries until 2007 the Swiss data do not include that part of international journeys by Swiss hauliers that takes place outside Switzerland

Road INTERNATIONAL HAULAGE ()

224b

nat ional stat ist ics (CH ME MK RS TR ) est imates ( in i ta l ics)

billion tkm

EU-28 1 2887 1 5095 1 7946 1 7564 1 7269 1 7682 24BE 456 510 438 350 318 317 -02BG 52 64 144 194 279 323 160CZ 313 373 434 518 541 572 57DK 224 240 233 150 162 155 -42DE 2378 2807 3101 3131 3101 3148 15EE 15 39 58 56 63 63 -07IE 55 123 179 109 98 99 15

EL 240 290 238 298 192 198 28ES 1016 1487 2332 2101 1958 2094 70FR 1782 2040 2053 1822 1652 1536 -70HR 29 93 88 94 104 113

IT 1744 1847 2118 1758 1178 1168 -08CY 12 13 14 11 05 06 46LV 18 48 84 106 137 147 75LT 52 78 159 194 281 265 -56LU 55 76 88 87 96 89 -78

HU 138 191 252 337 375 384 22MT 03 03 03 03 03 03 00NL 671 796 842 768 723 689 -48AT 265 351 370 287 243 244 06PL 512 750 1118 2023 2509 2607 39PT 320 268 426 354 349 318 -87RO 197 143 515 259 351 390 111

SI 33 53 110 159 163 179 101SK 159 143 226 276 314 335 70FI 245 320 319 295 234 245 46

SE (1) 316 356 386 363 420 415 -11UK 1615 1656 1613 1467 1432 1589 110AL 21 22 32 46 35 34 -28

ME 01 02 01 01 145MK 56 42 74 68 -86RS 06 07 17 30 30 05

TR (2) 1125 1616 1668 1904 2345 2443 42IS (2) 05 06 07 08 09 09 72

NO 97 151 182 198 216 231 71CH (3) 91 98 102 132 131 124 -48

(1) SE break in series in 2014 due to a methodological change on the vehicles not in use (2) TR IS national transport only

224c Road ndash NATIONALamp INTERNATIONAL HAULAGE ()

41Source Eurostat

HAULAGE PERFORMED WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF EACH COUNTRY BY ANY VEHICLE

billion tkm

EU-28 1 7555 1 7098 1 6451 1 6707 1 6762 1 7223 28BE 468 456 459 476 479 477 -05BG 110 89 93 110 103 112 79CZ 323 320 325 354 370 422 141DK 168 172 186 193 195 191 -20DE 3708 4049 4082 4167 4269 4324 13EE 27 22 25 27 26 28 73IE 156 97 88 86 90 92 23

EL 219 276 186 171 175 177 07ES 2107 1844 1698 1661 1671 1780 65FR 2945 2751 2591 2637 2598 2505 -36HR 105 79 74 77 76 82 86

IT 2040 1836 1395 1418 1330 1339 07CY 14 11 09 06 05 05 42LV 37 37 41 45 45 48 67LT 44 50 60 67 67 73 84LU 19 21 27 25 29 26 -91

HU 222 213 198 201 207 221 63MTNL 497 492 470 510 515 515 00AT 324 379 380 386 389 405 41PL 868 1162 1279 1415 1385 1474 64PT 239 189 165 158 166 163 -20RO 325 156 169 170 165 165 -05

SI 73 73 71 71 73 78 60SK 105 118 122 123 130 138 65FI 288 265 230 219 215 228 60

SE 451 424 396 412 488 494 12UK 1673 1515 1634 1522 1496 1660 110AL

MEMKRSTRIS

NO 171 191 200 220 222 237 66CH 230 216 208 208 217 208 -41

Notes () Including cross-trade and cabotage Only haulage of heavy goods vehicles (usually gt35 tonnes load capacity) EU aggregates do not include road freight transport for Malta (negligible exempt

from reporting) BG and RO data for 2005 are based on their reporting for 2006 Data for HR and CH for 2005-2007 are based on their reporting for 2008 Road transport for CY includes only national transport (international transport is negligible)

Road ndash TRANSPORT PERFORMANCE ADJUSTED FOR TERRITORIALITY ()

224d

42Sources Eurostat Internat ional Transport Forum Union Internat ionale

des Chemins de Fer nat ional stat ist ics

billion tkm

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015CHANGE lsquo14 lsquo15

EU-28 5263 3881 4055 4160 3935 4108 4175 16BE 84 73 77 81 75 73 73 00BG 141 86 55 52 31 34 37 61CZ 226 175 149 138 146 153 47DK 17 20 20 20 22 25 23 -74DE 1017 705 827 954 1073 1126 1166 36EE 70 38 81 106 66 33 31 -43IE 06 06 05 03 01 01 01 -40

EL 06 03 04 06 06 03 03 -55ES 112 110 116 116 89 104 111 72FR 522 483 577 407 300 326 343 51HR 20 18 28 26 21 22 31

IT 194 217 228 228 186 202 208 31CY - - - - - - - -LV 185 98 133 198 172 194 189 -28LT 193 72 89 125 134 143 140 -19LU 06 05 06 04 03 02 02 -05

HU 168 84 88 91 88 102 100 -15MT - - - - - - - -NL 31 31 45 59 59 62 65 61AT 122 132 166 190 198 205 203 -11PL 816 682 540 500 487 501 506 11PT 15 20 22 24 23 24 27 104RO 489 179 164 166 124 123 137 115

SI 42 31 29 32 34 41 42 16SK 138 112 95 81 88 84 -44FI 84 96 101 97 98 96 85 -118

SE 191 194 195 217 235 213 206 -33UK 160 133 181 214 186 221 220 -07AL 06 01 00 00 01 00 00 -423

ME 02 01 01 191MK 05 05 05 04 03 -324RS 35 30 32 87TR 79 85 98 91 113 116 102 -123IS - - - - - - - -

NO 26 27 30 31 35 35 35 -12CH 90 89 111 117 111 123 124 10

Notes DE includes DE-E 1990=398 CS 1990 594 1991 458 1992 440 (these are included in EU-28)

225 Railways

43Sources Eurostat Internat ional Transport Forumnat ional stat ist ics UNECE est imates ( in i ta l ics)

billion tkm

EU-28 1188 1221 1339 1388 1555 1509 1475 -22BE 54 57 72 86 91 105 104 -02BG 16 05 03 08 60 51 56 103CZ 03 01 01 00 00 00 222DK - - - - - - - -DE 548 640 665 641 623 591 553 -64EE 00 00 - - - - - -IE - - - - - - - -

EL - - - - - - - -ES - - - - - - - -FR 76 66 91 89 95 88 85 -33HR 05 00 01 01 09 07 09 228

IT 01 01 02 01 01 01 01 -31CY - - - - - - - -LV - - - - - - - -LT 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 -LU 04 03 04 03 04 03 02 -175

HU 20 12 09 21 24 18 18 07MT - - - - - - - -NL 357 355 413 422 466 493 485 -15AT 17 20 24 18 24 22 18 -170PL 10 09 12 03 01 01 01 -200PT - - - - - - - -RO 21 31 26 84 143 118 132 120

SI - - - - - - - -SK 15 14 07 12 09 07 -181FI 11 01 01 01 01 01 01 -44

SE - - - - - - - -UK 03 02 02 02 02 02 02 -18AL - - - - - - - -

ME - - - - - - - -MK - - - - - - - -RS 32 03 10 16 09 08 09 132TR - - - - - - - -IS - - - - - - - -

NO - - - - - - - -CH 02 00 01 00 00 00 00 48

Notes FI only shipborne transport (ie no floating) CS 1990 442 1991 389 1992 298 (these are included in EU-28 totals) IT LT FI and UK data include only national traffic BG and RO data include transit traffic from 2009 (and partially in 2008) HR data include transit traffic from 2008 onward

Inland Waterways 226

44Sources Nat ional stat ist ics Internat ional Transport Forum

Eurostat est imates ( in i ta l ics)

billion tkm

EU-28 1149 1271 1376 1211 1113 1152 35BE 10 14 16 15 15 16 16 38BG 06 04 04 04 04 06 07 134CZ 23 16 23 22 21 20 -19DK 20 31 47 51 35 24 27 100DE 133 148 150 167 163 175 177 10EE - - - - - - - -IE - - - - - - - -

EL - - - 02 02 02 02 -43ES 42 59 75 92 82 90 101 128FR 196 223 217 209 176 111 115 35HR 36 04 15 13 11 14 252

IT 92 97 103 114 104 96 97 12CY - - - - - - - -LV 53 65 34 24 24 20 -173LT 20 35 44 06 06 05 -125LU - - - - - - - -

HU 53 22 23 27 32 28 25 -119MT - - - - - - - -NL 49 53 59 59 56 58 60 35AT 64 68 76 78 70 83 85 26PL 139 135 204 254 242 205 218 63PT - 05 05 04 04 04 53RO 51 29 14 22 10 10 10 46

SI - - - - - - - -SK 61 46 53 50 45 50 110FI - - - - - - - -

SE - - - - - - - -UK 111 111 114 108 102 100 100 -04AL - - - - - - - -

ME - - - - - - - -MK - - - 01 01 - - -RS - - - - 04 04 04 141TR 32 531 57 396 153 525 2425IS - - - - - - - -

NO 21 53 35 46 35 28 34 187CH 12 12 02 02 02 02 - -

Notes Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable in most countries only pipelines longer than 40 km are included Data refers to oil pipelines CS 1990 75 DE from 1995 onwards only crude oil (ie no refined petroleum products)

227 Oil Pipelines

45

PERFORMANCE BY MODE OF TRANSPORT FREIGHTbillion tkm

ROAD RAILINLAND

WATERWAYS PIPELINES TOTAL1990 2 4927 1 5540 5158 1 5199 6 08251995 3 0368 1 9228 5344 1 5641 7 05812000 3 3967 2 2576 5262 1 4130 7 59352005 3 5818 2 5306 4764 1 2639 7 85272006 3 5124 2 7096 4860 1 2567 7 96472007 3 6438 2 6566 4723 1 2495 8 02222008 4 0188 2 5254 4543 1 4327 8 43122009 3 5762 2 3098 4066 1 3830 7 67562010 3 6681 2 4915 4505 1 3957 8 0058

2011 3 8595 2 5247 4647 1 4863 8 33512012 3 6572 2 5003 4619 1 3665 7 98602013 3 8105 2 5414 4383 1 3052 8 09532014 3 8105 2 7027 4830 1 3052 8 3015

AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE PER YEAR

ROAD RAILINLAND

WATERWAYS PIPELINES TOTAL2001 15 34 -41 -45 062002 28 04 04 -47 062003 21 -01 -61 -06 042004 -21 50 43 -06 072005 11 29 -40 -06 112006 -19 71 20 -06 142007 37 -20 -28 -06 072008 103 -49 -38 147 512009 -110 -85 -105 -35 -902010 26 79 108 09 43

2011 52 13 31 65 412012 -52 -10 -06 -81 -422013 42 16 -51 -45 142014 00 64 102 00 25

1990ndash1995 40 44 07 06 30

1995ndash2000 23 33 -03 -20 152000ndash2010 08 10 -15 -01 052011ndash2014 -04 23 13 -42 -01

Notes Time series for road transport revised according to the estimates based on the Freight Analysis Framework (FAF) From the break onwards values are taken from the US Pocket Guides to Transportation

Sources U S Department of Transportat ion Internat ional Transport Forum est imates ( in i ta l ics)

USA 228

46

MODAL SPLIT ndash FREIGHT TRANSPORT

ROAD RAILINLAND

WATERWAYS PIPELINES1990 410 255 85 250

1995 430 272 76 222

1996 430 277 71 222

1997 440 274 70 216

1998 443 282 69 206

1999 444 291 70 195

2000 447 297 69 186

2001 452 306 66 177

2002 461 305 66 167

2003 469 303 62 166

2004 456 316 64 164

2005 456 322 61 161

2006 441 340 61 158

2007 454 331 59 156

2008 477 300 54 170

2009 466 301 53 180

2010 458 311 56 174

2011 463 303 56 178 2012 458 313 58 171

2013 471 314 54 161

2014 459 326 58 157

228 USA

47

billion passenger-kilometres (pkm)

4 500

3 500

600

500

400

300

150

100

50

0

23

PASSENGER CARS

POWERED 2-WHEELERS

BUS amp COACH

RAILWAY

TRAM amp METRO

AIR

SEA

1995

1999

2003

1996

2000

2004

2007

1997

2001

2005

2008

1998

2002

2006

2009

2013

2015

2014

2012

2011

2010

Sources Tables 2 3 4 2 3 5 2 3 6 2 3 7 est imates

TRANSPORT - PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT

EXPRESSED IN PASSENGER-K ILOMETRES

EU-28 Performance for Passenger Transport 1995-2015 ndash BY MODE

231

48Sources Tables 2 3 4 2 3 5 2 3 6 2 3 7 est imates ( in i ta l ics)

PASSENGER TRANSPORTbillion pkm

PASSEN-GER CARS P2W

BUS amp COACH RAILWAY

TRAM amp METRO AIR SEA TOTAL

1995 3 904 112 515 350 74 348 31 5 3342000 4 301 104 551 372 80 460 29 5 8962005 4 508 120 549 377 86 530 29 6 1992006 4 549 120 546 389 88 552 28 6 2732007 4 597 115 559 396 90 575 28 6 3612008 4 603 121 569 412 94 563 32 6 3922009 4 675 118 547 405 93 524 27 6 3892010 4 625 120 542 407 96 539 25 6 3532011 4 590 122 544 415 97 579 22 6 3712012 4 496 122 540 421 99 572 21 6 2712013 4 548 122 537 427 99 581 21 6 3362014 4 615 125 532 434 101 609 22 6 4372015 4 719 125 543 442 102 649 22 6 602

9515year

209 111 56 261 389 865 -297 238 10 05 03 12 17 32 -17 11

0015year

97 196 -14 189 278 412 -251 120 06 12 -01 12 16 23 -19 08

1415 23 -00 21 19 17 65 03 26

MODAL SPLIT

PASSEN-GER CARS P2W

TRAM amp METRO AIR SEA

1995 732 21 96 66 14 65 062000 729 18 93 63 14 78 052005 727 19 88 61 14 85 052006 725 19 87 62 14 88 042007 723 18 88 62 14 90 042008 720 19 89 64 15 88 052009 732 18 86 63 15 82 042010 728 19 85 64 15 85 042011 721 19 85 65 15 91 042012 717 20 86 67 16 91 032013 718 19 85 67 16 92 032014 717 19 83 67 16 95 032015 715 19 82 67 16 98 03

Notes Air and Sea only domestic and intra-EU-28 transport provisional estimates P2W powered two-wheelers

pkm as

PASSENGER CARS

BUSES amp COACHES RAILWAYS

TRAM amp METRO

EU-28 813 94 76 18BE 800 113 77 09BG 793 175 22 10CZ 671 156 78 95DK 805 98 93 04DE 843 59 83 15EE 774 197 18 11IE 801 166 30 03

EL 803 173 10 14ES 799 117 66 18FR 805 78 99 18HR 843 108 30 19

IT 807 122 62 08CY 813 187 - -LV 817 140 36 08LT 892 99 09 -LU 829 124 47 -

HU 658 215 92 36MT 823 177 - -NL 857 30 108 06AT 726 95 112 67PL 773 145 66 16PT 885 63 41 11RO 748 145 43 63

SI 861 118 21 -SK 753 147 93 07FI 845 96 52 07

SE 817 72 93 18UK 845 52 85 17AL 882 117 01 -

ME 955 26 19 -MK 831 148 21 -RS 736 240 13 11TRIS 886 114 - -

NO 884 56 49 11CH 768 51 171 10

Note If powered two-wheelers are included they account for 210 of the total in EU-28 while the share of the other modes becomes

EU-28 796 92 74 17

Modal Split of Passenger Transport on Land 2015 ndash BY COUNTRY

233

billion pkm

EU-28 3 9044 4 3009 4 5084 4 6250 4 6151 4 7194 23BE 895 964 1025 1028 1094 1082 1071 -10BG 250 269 351 469 540 568 54CZ 545 639 686 636 663 697 52DK 472 484 506 498 517 542 565 43DE 6831 8153 8313 8569 8870 9164 9283 13EE 51 67 99 101 119 123 40IE 285 316 346 444 481 472 519 100

EL 350 440 630 850 996 969 983 15ES 1744 2504 3026 3378 3416 3087 3176 29FR 5925 6412 6877 7046 6959 7069 7241 24HR 125 200 240 257 261 264 13

IT 5226 6147 7139 6770 6984 6429 6794 57CY 34 39 48 59 61 62 24LV 75 115 121 123 126 135 73LT 160 260 348 326 243 249 22LU 40 47 56 63 65 71 73 26

HU 470 454 462 494 526 527 546 36MT 17 18 20 22 24 25 38NL 1373 1314 1411 1488 1442 1450 1393 -39AT 557 622 667 706 735 766 783 23PL 1107 1301 1523 1888 1970 2006 18PT 400 525 710 850 837 833 845 14RO 400 510 610 755 852 899 55

SI 133 163 203 225 256 256 260 14SK 180 239 258 269 273 275 10FI 512 500 557 619 647 655 663 12

SE 859 876 1037 1080 1080 1103 1119 14UK 5880 6179 6386 6672 6440 6544 6576 05AL 48 51 66 55 85 91 72

ME 41 40 41 15MK 48 40 47 68 70 32RS 306 279 286 25TR 343 527 790 1000 1379 1822 1999 97IS 30 38 46 50 52 56 73

NO 435 447 512 540 588 635 647 19CH 733 696 750 778 838 897 910 15

Notes Data is not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable 2015 data may be provisional Data sometimes includes activity of foreign vehicles performed within the country therefore EU aggregates might be affected by double-counting Generally vans are not considered in this table but there may be exceptions FR passenger-km include transport activity on the territory of vehicles not registered in France Includes foreign vans UK data refer to Great Britain only include pkm by vans DE includes DE-E 1990=903 CH includes activity of foreign vehicles in the country TR excludes urban traffic DK figures exclude activity of vans with a mass higher than 2000 kg PL estimated activity

234 Passenger Cars

51Sources Nat ional stat ist ics Internat ional Transport Forum Eurostat study for DG Energy and Transport est imates ( in i ta l ics)

billion pkm

EU-28 5147 5512 5486 5423 5324 5435 21BE 114 131 133 175 174 158 152 -39BG 260 116 146 137 106 115 125 90CZ 186 162 156 170 167 163 -28DK 64 73 74 72 68 66 69 45DE 731 685 690 671 618 622 651 47EE 45 20 26 27 21 24 31 315IE 39 52 70 79 85 102 108 56

EL 177 202 217 217 211 210 211 07ES 334 396 503 532 509 395 464 175FR 523 532 558 565 666 692 703 16HR 70 41 33 34 32 36 34 -74

IT 840 871 934 1010 1022 1028 1031 02CY 10 11 13 13 13 14 60LV 59 18 23 29 23 23 23 -07LT 79 42 28 37 27 30 27 -77LU 05 05 06 08 09 10 11 53

HU 193 166 187 178 165 176 178 10MT 04 05 05 05 05 05 98NL 130 120 46 48 48 45 49 74AT 82 90 95 97 100 101 103 16PL 463 340 592 492 417 392 376 -40PT 103 113 118 64 61 57 60 69RO 240 123 77 118 158 183 175 -47

SI 65 41 35 31 32 34 36 37SK 144 93 85 53 54 54 03FI 85 80 77 75 75 75 75 00

SE 97 97 92 93 94 97 98 14UK 471 448 480 440 462 411 408 -07AL 22 02 02 03 24 11 12 71

ME 01 01 01 15MK 09 09 11 14 12 12 33RS 94 89 93 51TR 857 874 950 891 939 908 -33IS 04 05 06 06 07 07 71

NO 39 38 41 43 45 38 41 78CH 33 55 48 53 55 59 60 26

Notes CS 1990 434 (included in EU-28 totals) ES break in series between 2013 and 2014 due to a change in methodology The two years are not comparable FR includes tram transport activity at province level and tram transport in the ile de France until 2000 It also includes occasional bus transport in the territory of France performed by foreign buses AT the times series includes an estimate for trolleybuses UK GB data + 15 bln pkm throughout to account for Northern Ireland CH includes activity of foreign vehicles in the country PL includes long-distance transport and estimated data for urban transport NL the time series from 2010 estimates the share of bus transport over the aggregate lsquobustrammetrorsquo published in the OViN Travel Survey Previous yearsrsquo estimates have been retrofitted until 2010

Buses amp Coaches 235

52

billion pkm

EU-28 737 801 861 961 1006 1024 17BE 07 08 09 09 11 12 12 12BG 06 03 04 04 09 07 07 16CZ 77 81 79 90 96 98 29DK - - - 02 02 03 03 24DE 151 144 146 155 163 166 169 18EE 01 01 01 02 02 02 -43IE - - - 01 01 02 02 122

EL 08 07 12 15 17 17 17 07ES 44 43 52 60 76 72 73 17FR 105 93 116 136 150 161 162 04HR 05 05 05 05 06 06 39

IT 42 52 56 60 71 66 67 16CY - - - - - - - -LV 07 03 03 03 01 01 01 -30LT - - - - - - - -LU - - - - - - - -

HU 25 26 24 25 28 29 45MT - - - - - - - -NL 13 14 07 07 09 09 09 74AT 42 51 60 64 69 70 72 25PL 50 47 44 43 42 42 -04PT 07 05 05 08 11 10 10 44RO 60 60 66 71 80 76 -47

SI - - - - - - - -SK 04 04 04 03 03 03 -24FI 04 04 05 05 05 05 05 04

SE 20 19 20 20 23 24 25 23UK 65 68 83 87 102 125 132 58AL - - - - - - - -

ME - - - - - - - -MK - - - - - - - -RS 04 05 04 -84TRIS - - - - - - - -

NO 04 04 05 05 06 08 08 76CH 15 14 08 10 11 12 20

Notes Data are not harmonised and therefore not fully comparable across countries Data for 2015 are mostly provisional FR data refer to the Paris Metro RER (Reacuteseau Express Reacutegional) systems tramways drsquoIcircle-de-France (as of 2000) and metros in other French cities PT data refer to Lisbon Porto and Sul do Tejo Metro systems (the latter as from 2014) ES including metro of Malaga since 2014 AT it includes regional rail transport activity NL the time series from 2010 estimates the share of tram amp metro over the aggregate lsquobustrammetrorsquo published in the OViN Travel Survey Previous yearsrsquo estimates have been retrofitted until 2010

Sources Nat ional stat ist ics Internat ional Union of Publ ic Transport study for DG Energy and Transport est imates ( in i ta l ics)

236 Tram amp Metro

53

billion pkm UNDER PSO ()

2015

EU-28 4041 3503 3715 3774 4068 4338 4419 663 19BE 65 68 77 85 106 110 103 -58BG 78 47 35 24 21 17 15 942 -88CZ 133 80 73 67 66 76 81 1000 63DK 51 49 55 60 63 65 65 1000 -01DE 610 710 754 768 839 910 913 594 03EE 15 04 03 02 02 03 03 1000 21IE 12 13 14 18 17 17 19 110

EL 20 16 19 19 14 11 13 930 178ES 155 166 201 212 223 251 262 44FR 637 542 694 760 856 872 891 377 22HR 34 11 13 12 17 09 09 1000 26

IT 447 467 496 501 472 500 522 602 45CY - - - - - - - - -LV 54 14 07 09 07 06 06 918 -84LT 36 11 06 03 02 03 03 687 -30LU 02 03 03 03 03 04 04 142

HU 114 84 97 99 77 77 76 951 -17MT - - - - - - - - -NL 111 164 147 152 169 200 175 1000 -124AT 89 101 87 87 103 120 121 691 10PL 504 266 241 179 175 159 172 822 85PT 57 48 40 38 41 39 40 27RO 306 189 116 80 54 50 51 1000 36

SI 14 06 07 07 07 06 06 946 13SK 64 42 29 22 23 26 34 997 321FI 33 32 34 35 40 39 41 973 62

SE 66 68 82 89 112 121 127 499 51UK 334 303 384 446 558 647 664 969 26AL 08 02 01 01 00 00 00 -125

ME 01 01 01 66MK 01 01 01 02 01 02 1213RS 45 23 12 07 05 05 05 124TR 64 58 58 50 55 44 48 99IS - - - - - - - - -

NO 21 24 26 27 32 34 36 449 33CH 127 117 126 161 191 199 203 19

Notes () Public Service Obligation (PSO) means a requirement defined or determined by a competent authority in order to ensure public passenger transport services in the general interest that an operator if it were considering its own commercial interests would not assume or would not assume to the same extent or under the same conditions without reward

BE 2010 and 2012 pkm values based on quarter data from Eurostat UK share of PSO excludes Northern Ireland EU-28 shares of PSO estimated on the basis of the available data

Sources Eurostat International Transport Forum UNECE Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer DG MOVE Rail Market Monitoring (BE 2012 2013 2014) national statist ics est imates ( in i tal ics) Shares under PSO from Rai l Market Monitor ing (DG MOVE) and DG MOVE estimates based on different volumes than Eurostat

Railways 237

54

HIGH-SPEED RAIL TRANSPORT ()billion pkm

BE CZ DE ES FR IT NL PL PT SI FI SE UK EU-2

8

CHA

NG

E

1990 - - - - 1492 030 - - - - - 001 - 1523

1995 - - 870 129 2143 110 - - - - - 042 - 3294 72

2000 087 - 1393 194 3475 509 011 - - - 007 205 - 5880 112

2005 098 001 2085 232 4313 855 069 - 049 - 031 233 045 8011 53

2006 100 015 2164 270 4485 891 073 - 051 - 044 249 090 8432 52

2007 102 033 2192 259 4797 882 080 - 051 - 058 278 139 8870 52

2008 108 025 2333 548 5256 888 087 - 053 001 062 299 099 9760 100

2009 106 024 2256 1151 5186 1075 092 - 053 002 060 305 101 10410 67

2010 106 027 2390 1172 5189 1161 029 - 052 002 065 294 101 10587 17

2011 091 029 2331 1123 5204 1228 031 - 047 001 071 283 436 10874 27

2012 091 027 2475 1118 5109 1279 032 - 046 001 071 295 436 10980 10

2013 091 025 2518 1274 5079 1279 036 - 047 001 076 306 436 11167 17

2014 091 025 2432 1279 5066 1279 024 - 054 001 065 323 436 11074 -08

2015 091 025 2528 1413 4998 1279 100 047 057 001 057 337 436 11367 26

Note In this table high-speed rail transport covers all traffic with high-speed rolling stock (incl tilting trains able to run 200 kmh) This does not necessarily require high-speed infrastructure as defined in table 254

SHARE OF HIGH-SPEED RAIL TRANSPORT IN TOTAL PASSENGER-KILOMETRES IN RAIL TRANSPORT ()

2000 112 - 185 96 497 103 08 - - - 21 248 - 159

2005 107 01 278 107 566 169 45 - 129 - 89 261 10 212

2006 104 21 278 122 564 175 46 - 131 - 124 259 19 216

2007 102 48 277 119 588 177 49 - 127 - 154 270 28 224

2008 104 37 288 229 607 179 53 - 125 17 154 270 19 238

2009 102 36 274 497 603 223 56 - 127 19 156 270 19 257

2010 100 41 288 523 604 245 17 - 126 19 164 263 18 261

2011 85 42 274 493 585 262 17 - 112 17 183 248 75 262

2012 83 37 280 497 574 287 18 - 121 16 175 250 72 261

2013 83 33 283 536 581 263 19 - 127 16 187 258 70 262

2014 83 32 272 509 584 256 12 - 140 13 168 266 67 255

2015 88 30 277 538 561 245 57 27 144 10 139 264 66 257

Sources ( ) Union Internat ionale des Chemins de Fer nat ional stat ist ics est imates ( in i ta l ics) ( ) Table 2 3 7 est imates ( in i ta l ics)

238 Rail

55

PERFORMANCE BY MODE OF TRANSPORT PASSENGERSbillion pkm

PASSENGER CARS ()

MOTOR- CYCLES RAILWAY BUS

LIGHT AND COMMUTER

RAIL AIR TOTAL

1990 5 2805 200 282 1957 123 5566 6 09331995 5 7020 173 259 2193 147 6500 6 62922000 6 3722 249 311 5055 173 8346 7 78562005 6 9524 282 319 4491 180 9395 8 41892010 5 8667 320 367 4700 208 9088 7 33512011 5 8745 321 384 4713 220 9264 7 36472012 5 9051 371 391 5046 219 9342 7 44192013 5 9355 353 407 5177 230 9490 7 50132014 6 0059 346 403 5461 230 9781 7 62802015 6 1611 340 400 5540 230 1 0330 7 8451

AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE per year

PASSENGER CARS ()

LIGHT AND COMMUTER

RAIL AIR TOTAL

2005 10 -80 -03 -27 -11 46 112010 05 -113 05 -43 -28 23 042011 01 02 46 03 56 19 042012 05 156 16 70 -05 08 102013 05 -48 42 26 51 16 082014 12 -19 -11 55 -02 31 172015 26 -18 -06 14 00 56 28

9095 15 -28 -17 23 35 32 179500 22 75 37 182 34 51 330015 -02 21 17 06 19 14 01

MODAL SPLIT

PASSENGER CARS ()

LIGHT AND COMMUTER

RAIL AIR

1990 867 03 05 32 02 91 1995 850 03 04 35 02 106 2000 818 03 04 65 02 107 2005 826 03 04 53 02 112 2010 800 04 05 64 03 124 2011 798 04 05 64 03 126 2012 793 05 05 68 03 126 2013 791 05 05 69 03 127 2014 787 05 05 72 03 128 2015 785 04 05 71 03 132

Note () It includes light duty vehicles short wheel base and long wheel base

Source US Department of Transportat ion

USA 239

56Source Eurostat est imates ( in i ta l ics)

24RE

PORT

ER TOTAL PASSENGERS CARRIED ()

PARTNER

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV

BE 263 1848 4007 5794 1 7167 443 5412 1 0264 5 4330 2 1736 1945 3 4536 487 1602

BG 1789 1618 2349 748 1 4046 263 302 1014 2827 2038 05 4166 792 252

CZ 3991 2359 1078 2236 1 1408 00 1990 6972 6991 8775 587 9756 224 398

DK 5794 697 2226 1 9248 2 9211 1036 3157 8308 2 5014 1 3836 1309 1 3576 523 1781

DE 1 7005 1 4260 1 1043 2 9067 23 1569 3476 1 8424 5 2948 24 8553 7 1442 1 5801 12 3831 2441 7631

EE 441 265 00 1033 3500 196 140 353 680 584 70 675 45 1854

IE 5395 310 1988 3156 1 8500 139 712 899 3 4253 1 9044 998 1 2334 1278

EL 1 0554 1034 6960 8356 5 3087 339 891 7 4820 4578 2 3023 259 2 9405 1 3363 653

ES 5 4459 2828 7000 2 5233 25 1506 680 3 4395 4613 30 8811 12 2343 2183 11 8442 65 924

FR 1 9566 1937 8537 1 2842 7 2483 578 1 8193 2 1029 10 9200 28 1699 4668 10 4999 613 1573

HR 1854 03 589 1308 1 5331 57 1000 323 2188 5089 4667 2583 00 73

IT 3 4891 4159 9731 1 3641 12 4147 680 1 2305 2 9274 11 7908 10 9104 2455 29 6566 795 1859

CY 483 792 178 522 2454 45 00 1 3605 65 904 01 799 00 132

LV 1602 254 397 1774 7681 1863 1278 667 922 1585 135 1860 133 02

LT 1023 295 17 2535 4117 454 1751 926 2250 1030 02 2854 422 1920

LU 06 226 00 788 3749 00 293 582 3410 1448 34 2179 03 00

HU 4918 213 617 1926 1 4989 00 1956 2550 5039 5470 25 9242 472 159

MT 1031 373 139 656 6172 17 769 281 1389 2786 36 9271 245 58

NL 2278 2024 5471 1 4905 4 0387 803 9021 1 4051 6 2684 3 1626 2364 4 2788 597 1594

AT 4193 4141 1492 3651 6 8071 257 1206 9173 1 5112 1 0181 2845 1 2291 2352 896

PL 7103 3292 1808 5634 3 6331 362 9647 1 2064 1 6443 1 1646 291 1 6290 1340 869

PT 1 2929 08 1142 2532 3 8314 23 8351 27 3 2620 5 2362 283 1 5720 01 25

RO 4859 351 793 324 1 8233 1317 2902 1 1712 7730 01 2 4632 1267 84

SI 1033 02 123 221 2331 00 608 12 735 01 15 17 01

SK 576 668 523 00 202 00 1248 1736 1445 356 18 2444 28 02

FI 1851 392 2215 7885 1 6934 2314 614 3932 1 3672 5896 1253 5538 340 2706

SE 4884 651 2106 1 8473 3 0259 1068 853 1 0570 2 9361 1 1242 2389 7580 2015 2137

UK 1 5917 1 1266 1 7466 3 3759 13 2766 1472 11 5239 6 0963 35 7267 11 9429 1 0587 12 7038 2 4089 7184

Note () Passengers carried are fewer than passengers on board due to transit passengers staying on board the aircraft not being counted

TRANSPORT - PERFORMANCE OF FRE IGHT amp PASSENGER TRANSPORT

US ING OTHER INDICATORS

241 Air ndash PASSENGER TRAFFICBETWEEN MEMBER STATES

57

2015INCLUDING DOMESTIC FLIGHTS (1 000)

LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1031 08 4943 1015 2413 4219 7048 1 2952 4857 1032 591 1866 4881 1 6083

294 219 249 377 1966 4145 3395 05 503 02 849 398 643 1 0677

17 01 625 141 5477 1510 1839 1078 793 123 756 2226 2053 1 7445

2544 794 1926 665 1 4896 3669 5644 2509 326 221 00 7923 1 8852 3 3740

4108 3716 1 5030 6168 4 0208 6 7931 3 6083 3 7898 1 8900 2325 202 1 6932 3 0525 13 3020

447 16 803 258 362 21 02 01 2120 1065 1485

1795 293 1955 776 9058 1211 9768 8340 1312 1271 618 853 11 5551

923 602 2617 302 1 4939 9191 1 3003 26 3146 745 1803 3953 1 0695 6 1196

2279 3511 5058 1404 6 3084 1 4842 1 6881 3 2076 1 1859 15 1461 1 3874 3 0707 35 9951

1029 1451 5471 2764 3 1499 1 0169 1 1081 4 7215 7337 732 342 5884 1 1126 10 7343

02 37 02 36 2379 2801 350 295 00 01 13 1241 2145 1 0274

2869 2204 9295 9323 4 2882 1 2301 1 6160 1 5683 2 5381 15 2459 5589 7579 12 7090

429 03 483 248 595 2354 1338 00 1268 00 29 354 2082 2 4287

1943 00 160 58 1593 896 871 26 101 01 20 2705 2146 7261

03 00 0045 228 980 525 1011 37 02 00 00 828 1063 8268

0004 10 00 28 1477 944 01 3441 00 00 01 12 227 3947

00 00 00 608 5961 1051 1972 978 870 01 03 2197 3360 1 6347

229 32 602 03 1297 1088 1036 25 354 44 34 190 875 1 2854

990 1485 6275 1301 15 8244 9113 1 6813 4821 236 02 5248 1 1615 9 4908

527 950 1050 1092 8527 5296 2778 1839 4625 637 594 1731 3307 1 7765

1020 01 1973 1046 9034 2784 1 5868 2113 1090 156 11 2421 8838 6 2601

37 3505 964 24 1 6956 1857 2220 3 6609 578 03 06 1168 2050 6 6575

873 356 4804 4590 1083 576 5062 04 01 965 1 5078

07 39 237 638 154 03 00 00 325 61 1572

00 02 04 34 01 591 05 01 02 00 216 01 05 5881

828 12 2184 191 5223 1728 2407 1125 08 323 02 2 5991 1 6586 1 1448

1071 231 3377 884 1 0357 3483 9368 2012 968 57 05 1 6517 7 4462 2 6818

8358 3952 1 7367 1 2892 9 4545 1 7788 6 1640 6 5894 1 5528 1637 6534 1 1512 2 6742 22 8282

Air ndash PASSENGER TRAFFICBETWEEN MEMBER STATES

241

58Sources Associat ion of European Air l ines Ascend Internat ional

A i r Transport Associat ion a i r companies own est imates

DOMESTIC + INTERNATIONAL

RAN

KIN

G BILLION REVENUE PASSENGER-KILOMETRES

AIRLINE 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 CHA

NG

E 1

4

15

1 Lufthansa DE 92160 108185 129668 156826 146317 -672 Air France (1) FR 91848 115163 125165 136475 142487 443 British Airways UK 119385 107892 106082 138431 142016 264 THY Turkish Airlines TR 17396 21318 47950 106913 119372 1175 Ryanair (2) IE 4772 31205 72149 103733 113184 916 KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (1) NL 60336 68322 76065 91477 93228 197 Easyjet (3) UK 3926 27448 56128 72933 77619 648 Iberia ES 40049 49060 51242 42686 48564 1389 Air Berlin DE 7813 20527 46960 49270 47010 -46

10 Norwegian NO 2703 13774 37615 42284 12411 SWISS Intern Airlines CH 3481 21164 29522 35717 40047 12112 Virgin Atlantic Airways UK 31315 32118 38158 37664 37157 -1313 Alitalia IT 40846 37969 33344 34511 34397 -03

14SAS Scandinavian Airlines

SEDKNO

22922 27724 23497 34594 33780 -24

15 Thomson Airways UK 20300 23337 32714 31652 33395 5516 TAP Portugal PT 10414 14536 23651 30119 29552 -1917 Condor DE 22245 19888 25916 27903 7718 Finnair FI 12587 16735 19222 24772 25592 3319 Wizz Air HU 5123 12278 20867 25351 21520 Vueling ES 1661 9932 21445 24775 15521 Air Europa ES 8831 13442 17180 21980 22502 2422 Thomas Cook Airlines UK 14292 14220 27385 20696 22460 8523 Pegasus TR 10662 18299 21223 16024 TUIfly DE 18626 10708 18500 19000 2725 Austrian Airlines AT 17967 22894 17494 18428 18190 -1326 Aer Lingus IE 8808 12563 13895 16088 17531 9027 Eurowings (5) DE 4519 6966 13033 15870 21828 Transavia Airlines NL 7921 8726 10644 12755 12800 0429 Jet2 UK 3105 6219 12255 12222 -0330 SunExpress TR 1969 3938 10840 10107 12210 20831 Monarch UK 13658 13549 15127 15705 12122 -22832 SN Brussels Airlines BE 3418 4559 7313 10756 11833 100

Notes Scheduled and non-scheduled flights (1) Air France and KLM merged in 2004 to build Air France KLM Group (2) Ryanair year up to 30 March of the following year (3) Easyjet financial year up to 30 September of the year indicated

(4) Air One merged with Alitalia at the end of 2008 (5) Germanwings merged with Eurowings in 2015

Data up to 2014 are revenue passenger-kilometres for Germanwings

242 Air MAJOR EUROPEAN AIRLINES

59Sources Eurostat a i rports

PASSENGERS CARRIED ()

RAN

KIN

G (arriving + departing + in transit) MILLION PASSENGERS

AIRPORT AND COUNTRY 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 CHA

NG

E lsquo1

4 rsquo

15

1 LondonHeathrow UK 6429 6768 6574 7337 7495 2162 ParisCharles de Gaulle FR 4967 5338 5795 6365 6570 3223 Frankfurt (Main) DE 4896 5179 5265 5941 6089 2484 AmsterdamSchiphol NL 3927 4408 4515 5496 5817 5845 MadridBarajas ES 3271 4172 4980 4154 4630 11456 Muumlnchen DE 2287 2845 3452 3957 4086 3267 LondonGatwick UK 3195 3269 3134 3809 4026 5698 RomaFiumicino IT 2594 2778 3595 3824 4023 5199 BarcelonaEl Prat ES 1944 2702 2918 3742 3942 537

10 ParisOrly FR 2383 2485 2516 2884 2966 28511 KoslashbenhavnKastrup DK 1811 1982 2139 2553 2651 38412 Dublin IE 1366 1833 1841 2169 2492 149313 Palma de Mallorca ES 1925 2122 2108 2308 2372 27714 Brussel-BruxellesBrussels BE 2160 1595 1698 2175 2327 69715 StockholmArlanda SE 1861 1716 1696 2243 2315 32516 Manchester UK 1832 2208 1766 2195 2309 52117 WienSchwechat AT 1192 1580 1962 2247 2274 11918 LondonStansted UK 1186 2199 1856 1993 2251 129419 Duumlsseldorf DE 1591 1539 1891 2182 2245 28920 BerlinTegel DE 1024 1147 1497 2067 2099 15821 Lisboa PT 921 1124 1405 1816 2011 107522 MilanoMalpensa IT 2055 1949 1871 1866 1844 -117

23 AthinaiEleftherios Venizelos EL 1335 1427 1530 1519 1809 1909

24 HelsinkiVantaa FI 1000 1113 1286 1594 1642 29725 Hamburg DE 982 1057 1288 1474 1558 57226 Malaga ES 936 1261 1202 1370 1436 48427 LondonLuton UK 616 913 873 1048 1226 169928 NiceCocircte dAzur FR 933 974 959 1166 1201 30729 PrahaRuzyne CZ 555 1072 1151 1113 1187 66330 WarszawaChopina PL 433 708 873 1060 1122 58231 Edinburgh UK 537 845 859 1016 1111 93932 Alicante ES 598 893 937 1005 1056 50633 Stuttgart DE 798 925 914 969 1049 82334 LasPalmasGranCanaria ES 912 969 928 1011 1044 32635 BergamoOrioalSerio IT 124 429 766 874 1040 189036 Koumlln-Bonn DE 619 939 979 942 1031 95137 BudapestFerihegy HU 468 792 817 905 1023 129638 Birmingham UK 749 931 856 969 1018 50539 MilanoLinate IT 602 909 830 898 964 72840 Bucuresti RO 298 492 828 927 1196

Note () lsquoPassengers carriedrsquo do not include direct transit passengers ie transit passengers who stay on board the aircraft and continue their flight with the same flight number Where the number of passengers carried was not available the number of lsquopassengers on boardrsquo (ie incl direct transit passengers) is given in italics

Air ndash PASSENGER TRAFFICAT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS

243

60Source Eurostat

TOTAL PASSENGERS CARRIED

RAN

KIN

G

(arriving + departing from first named airport) 1 000

AIRPORT PAIRS 2005 2010 2014 2015 CHA

NG

E lsquo1

4rsquo1

5

1 ToulouseBlagnac - ParisOrly 2 3271 2 1937 2 3309 2 3181 -05 2 MadridBarajas - Barcelona 4 3583 3 0838 2 2048 2 2517 21 3 NiceCocircte dAzur - ParisOrly 2 2629 2 1046 2 0721 2 1133 20 4 CataniaFontanarossa - RomaFiumicino 1 3687 1 7178 1 8699 1 9877 63 5 Muumlnchen - BerlinTegel 1 4192 1 5800 1 8689 1 9752 57 6 BerlinTegel - Frankfurt (Main) 1 5456 1 6094 1 7918 1 9063 64 7 Muumlnchen - Hamburg 1 4505 1 6530 1 7570 1 8110 31 8 Dublin - LondonHeathrow 2 0863 1 4913 1 6510 1 6831 19 9 Thessaloniki - AthinaiEleftherios Venizelos 1 1135 1 1831 1 3030 1 6464 264

10 LondonHeathrow - AmsterdamSchiphol 1 8950 1 3329 1 4868 1 5876 68 11 Palma De Mallorca- Barcelona 1 6893 1 5325 1 4102 1 5761 118 12 Muumlnchen - Duumlsseldorf 1 3815 1 5334 1 5271 1 5522 16 13 LondonHeathrow - Frankfurt (Main) 1 5304 1 2661 1 5068 1 5310 16 14 RomaFiumicino - PalermoPunta Raisi 1 1112 1 4186 1 4820 1 4811 -01 15 KoslashbenhavnKastrup - StockholmArlanda 1 1941 1 1660 1 4444 1 4584 10 16 Palma de Mallorca - MadridBarajas 1 6415 1 6989 1 2834 1 4112 100 17 Edinburgh - LondonHeathrow 1 6595 1 2412 1 4733 1 3843 -60 18 MilanoLinate - RomaFiumicino 2 4146 1 5228 1 4536 1 3665 -60 19 Frankfurt (Main) - Hamburg 1 2883 1 4806 1 3439 1 3605 12 20 Barcelona - LondonGatwick 5561 3767 1 2741 1 3542 63 21 LondonHeathrow - MadridBarajas 1 1189 1 0934 1 2747 1 3216 37 22 Las PalmasGran Canaria - MadridBarajas 1 3881 1 5537 1 1814 1 3057 105 23 Koumlln-Bonn - BerlinTegel 9166 1 0269 1 3213 1 2589 -47 24 LondonHeathrow - ParisCharles de Gaulle 2 0111 1 3001 1 2478 1 2531 04 25 Barcelona - ParisCharles de Gaulle 8763 8608 1 1387 1 2314 81 26 LondonHeathrow - Muumlnchen 9188 9754 1 1784 1 2307 44 27 Palma De Mallorca - Duumlsseldorf 9805 9119 1 1723 1 2140 36 28 Barcelona - AmsterdamSchiphol 1 1080 1 0661 1 2198 1 2048 -12 29 Barcelona - RomaFiumicino 5955 6885 9908 1 1906 202 30 WienSchwechat - Frankfurt (Main) 6759 9520 1 3496 1 1784 -127 31 Lisboa - MadridBarajas 7423 1 1720 1 0282 1 1752 143 32 MadridBarajas - ParisOrly 9643 1 1059 1 0233 1 1691 142

33ParisOrly - Ponte-agrave-Pitre (Guadeloupe)Pocircle Caraiumlbes

9833 1 0360 1 1273 1 1656 34

34 Tenerife Norte - MadridBarajas 1 3594 1 3197 1 0948 1 1495 50

35ParisCharles de Gaulle - AmsterdamSchiphol

1 0356 9854 1 1560 1 1443 -10

36 ParisCharles de Gaulle - RomaFiumicino 1 2384 1 1912 1 1323 1 1438 10 37 Frankfurt (Main) - Muumlnchen 1 3031 9584 1 0954 1 1420 43 38 AmsterdamSchiphol - RomaFiumicino 6813 8109 1 0289 1 1397 108 39 Duumlsseldorf - BerlinTegel 6578 9302 1 1132 1 1146 01 40 Dublin - LondonGatwick 6263 8427 9939 1 0869 94

244a Air ndash MAIN INTRA-EU AIRPORT PAIRS IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT

61Source Eurostat

RAN

KIN

G

NG

E lsquo1

4rsquo1

5

1 LondonHeathrow - New YorkJF Kennedy Intl NY USA 2 940 2 517 2 973 3 051 26 2 LondonHeathrow - Dubai Intl United Arab Emirates 1 183 1 788 2 438 2 452 06 3 LondonHeathrow - Hong Kong Intl China 1 258 1 386 1 564 1 585 13 4 LondonHeathrow - Los Angeles Intl CA USA 1 383 1 189 1 355 1 519 121 5 ParisCharles de Gaulle - New YorkJF Kennedy Intl NY USA 1 730 1 190 1 369 1 503 98 6 KoslashbenhavnKastrup - OsloGardermoen Norway 1 247 1 132 1 395 1 423 20 7 StockholmArlanda - OsloGardermoen Norway 937 1 007 1 343 1 336 -05 8 LondonHeathrow - SingaporeChangi Singapore 996 1 022 1 125 1 150 22

9 ParisCharles de Gaulle - MontrealPierre Elliot Trudeau Intl Canada 929 1 148 1 108 1 147 35

10 ParisCharles de Gaulle - Dubai Intl United Arab Emirates 439 716 1 064 1 077 13 11 LondonHeathrow - Zuumlrich Switzerland 905 877 1 049 1 075 25 12 LondonHeathrow - DohaHamad Intl Qatar - - 683 1 072 570 13 LondonHeathrow - ChicagoOHare Intl IL USA 1 522 1 138 1 160 1 060 -87 14 LondonHeathrow - San Francisco Intl CA USA 1 005 861 938 1 047 117 15 LondonHeathrow - New DelhiIndira Gandhi Intl India 384 918 1 068 1 034 -32 16 LondonHeathrow - TorontoLester B Pearson Intl Canada 1 067 941 1 037 1 032 -04 17 LondonHeathrow - Miami Intl FL USA 878 822 1 008 1 031 22 18 LondonHeathrow - GenegraveveCointrin Switzerland 570 859 1 019 1 022 03 19 Duumlsseldorf - Antalya Turkey 802 684 909 1 013 115 20 LondonHeathrow - NewarkLiberty Intl NJ USA 740 1 092 1 168 1 000 -144 21 BerlinTegel - Zuumlrich Switzerland 467 801 955 986 33 22 WienSchwechat - Zuumlrich Switzerland 597 778 951 964 13 23 LondonHeathrow - MumbaiChhatrapati Shivaji Intl India 725 957 1 049 950 -94 24 LondonHeathrow - Johannesburg Intl South Africa 995 886 940 939 -01 25 LondonHeathrow - IstanbulAtatuumlrk Turkey 526 725 925 933 09 26 ParisCharles de Gaulle - IstanbulAtatuumlrk Turkey 415 688 827 921 114 27 Frankfurt (Main) - Dubai Intl United Arab Emirates 491 679 812 903 112 28 ParisOrly - Alger Algeria 640 577 857 891 40 29 LondonHeathrow - WashingtonDulles Intl DC USA 1 074 921 885 867 -21 30 LondonGatwick - Dubai Intl United Arab Emirates 483 629 775 867 117 31 Manchester - Dubai Intl United Arab Emirates 370 566 800 861 77 32 Frankfurt (Main) - IstanbulAtatuumlrk Turkey 662 638 822 859 44

33 LondonHeathrow - BostonGen E Lawrence Logan Intl MA USA 929 866 891 858 -37

34 LondonGatwick - Genegraveve Switzerland 643 624 817 845 35 35 LondonHeathrow - Abu Dhabi Intl United Arab Emirates 362 504 643 836 301 36 ParisCharles de Gaulle - Tel AvivBen Gurion Israel 608 710 789 786 -04

37 MadridBarajas - Bueons AiresEzeiza Ministro Pistarini Argentina 873 858 744 783 53

38 ParisCharles de Gaulle - ShanghaiPudong CN - 521 719 778 83 39 AmsterdamSchiphol - IstanbulAtatuumlrk Turkey 504 470 629 778 237 40 AmsterdamSchiphol - AtlantaHartfield Jackson Intl GA USA 253 345 646 777 204

Air ndash MAIN CONNECTIONS BETWEEN EU amp NON-EU AIRPORTS IN PASSENGER TRANSPORT

244b

62Sources Eurostat a i rport websites ( in i ta l ics)

CARGO AND MAIL LOADED AND UNLOADED

RAN

KIN

G 1 000 TONNES

NG

E 1

41

5

1 ParisCharles de Gaulle FR 1 0670 1 2178 1 2925 2 0332 2 1758 7012 Frankfurt (Main) DE 1 7034 1 9506 2 2702 2 1316 2 0757 -2623 AmsterdamSchiphol NL 1 2225 1 4956 1 5380 1 6707 1 6553 -0924 LondonHeathrow UK 1 3068 1 3893 1 5513 1 5859 1 5889 0195 Leipzig-Halle DE 137 123 6378 9041 9825 8676 Koumlln-Bonn DE 4383 6468 6382 7364 7395 0417 Luxembourg LU 4999 6248 7058 7072 7369 4208 LiegravegeBierset BE 2703 3257 5085 5818 6253 7489 MilanoMalpensa IT 2957 3838 4327 4697 5112 884

10 Brussel-BruxellesBrussels BE 6874 6945 3850 4080 4831 1840

11 MadridBarajas ES 3052 3603 4005 3768 3826 15412 Muumlnchen DE 1484 2182 2911 3091 3360 870

13 Nottingham East Midlands UK 1788 2921 3040 3072 3212 453

14 LondonStansted UK 1678 2548 2298 2259 2268 04115 WienSchwechat AT 659 1800 2318 2103 2091 -05816 KoslashbenhavnKastrup DK 4194 3551 1381 2000 1966 -17217 HelsinkiVantaa FI 961 1149 1575 1874 1774 -53218 RomaFiumicino IT 1533 1319 1644 1430 1450 14319 Dublin IE 355 641 1053 1274 1373 77020 ParisOrly FR 1073 800 537 1139 1264 109521 BergamoOrio al Serio IT 989 1351 1058 1225 1210 -12622 Manchester UK 1166 1500 1166 931 1030 105923 Barcelona ES 881 945 1059 953 1022 72624 Lisboa PT 1146 1000 1052 1032 1008 -23425 StockholmArlanda SE 1540 1580 994 852 907 65026 Duumlsseldorf DE 594 565 871 970 902 -69827 LondonGatwick UK 3188 2321 1086 927 779 -160528 FrankfurtHahn DE 750 1009 1645 1269 732 -423029 WarszawaChopina PL 446 311 571 686 723 53730 BudapestFerihegy HU 435 555 653 620 658 61531 Zaragoza ES 35 38 421 761 651 -144332 ToulouseBlagnac FR 378 562 523 581 601 346

34 Maastricht-Aachen NL 443 546 620 567 566 -01235 MarseilleProvence FR 360 510 596 549 537 -22436 LyonSaint Exupeacutery FR 274 387 352 490 513 46737 PrahaRuzyne CZ 516 582 509 505 -06738 Venezia Tessera IT 123 294 403 480 191239 Belfast UK 309 513 439 460 471 23940 BerlinTegel airport DE 331 190 215 409 395 -321

Note Significant underreporting of Paris airports Data from airport websites (in italics) often include air cargo which in reality is transported by lorry The figures from airport websites are therefore not always fully comparable with those collected by Eurostat The extraordinary growth rate for the Leipzig airport in 2008 is mainly due to DHL moving its hub there during 2008

245 Air ndash FREIGHT TRAFFICAT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS

COMMERCIAL AIR FLIGHTS (PASSENGERS FREIGHT amp MAIL)

RAN

KIN

G (not including general aviation) 1 000

NG

E lsquo1

4rsquo1

5

1 ParisCharles de Gaulle FR 5434 4919 4726 4656 4729 16 2 LondonHeathrow UK 4720 4492 4696 4707 4721 03 3 Frankfurt (Main) DE 4756 4560 4657 4620 4605 -03 4 AmsterdamSchiphol NL 4082 3904 4301 4427 4552 28 5 Muumlnchen DE 3823 3682 3684 3609 3657 13 6 MadridBarajas ES 4063 4269 3260 3350 3577 68 7 RomaFiumicino IT 2996 3273 2980 3056 3118 20 8 Barcelona ES 2943 2685 2677 2750 2790 14 9 LondonGatwick UK 2520 2335 2443 2545 2625 32

10 KoslashbenhavnKastrup DK 2621 2406 2405 2472 2502 12 11 ParisOrly FR 2308 2156 2298 2282 2322 18 12 WienSchwechat AT 2270 2423 2289 2284 2245 -17

14 StockholmArlanda SE 2222 1854 2107 2192 2169 -10 15 Duumlsseldorf DE 1890 2114 2058 2040 2028 -06 16 Dublin IE 1696 1564 1620 1726 1888 94 17 BerlinTegel DE 1372 1505 1685 1757 1779 12 18 Palma De Mallorca ES 1705 1652 1617 1646 1700 32

20 HelsinkiVantaa FI 1631 1699 1658 1647 1653 04 21 Manchester UK 2180 1489 1611 1629 1647 11 22 Lisboa PT 1259 1369 1426 1530 1628 64 23 NiceCocircte dAzur FR 1581 1452 1590 1565 1570 03 24 MilanoMalpensa IT 2222 1878 1579 1600 1546 -34 25 LondonStansted UK 1780 1430 1319 1431 1545 80 26 Hamburg DE 1342 1384 1294 1385 1421 26 27 WarszawaChopina PL 1310 1330 1384 1348 1364 12 28 PrahaRuzyne CZ 1502 1479 1215 1182 1201 16 29 Koumlln-Bonn DE 1399 1206 1070 1099 1148 44 30 Edinburgh UK 1160 1006 1038 1014 1072 57 31 LyonSaint Exupeacutery FR 1301 1166 1134 1053 1056 03 32 Stuttgart DE 1350 1117 1175 1003 1050 47 33 Malaga ES 1111 973 941 990 1010 21 34 MilanoLinate IT 931 915 906 905 959 59 35 Aberdeen UK 895 880 999 1062 957 -99

36 BucureştiHenri Coandă RO 902 1281 832 866 908 48

37 MarseilleProvence FR 903 973 971 919 906 -14

38 Las Palmas Gran Canaria ES 984 932 861 924 899 -27

39 Birmingham UK 1130 848 849 890 898 10 40 LondonLuton UK 754 686 709 756 874 156

Air ndash AIRCRAFT TRAFFICAT MAJOR EU AIRPORTS

246

64Source Eurostat

INWARDS1 000 PASSENGERS CRUISE PASSENGERS CRUISE PASSENGERS

excluding cruise passengers

starting and ending a cruise on excursion

2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

EU-28 193 524 191 034 192 099 6 485 5 677 6 113

BE 194 219 177 236 190 245

BG 0 0 0 1 0 0 29 77 18

CZ - - - - - - - - -

DK 20 459 20 524 20 671 209 209 183 562 385 399

DE 14 085 14 576 14 321 645 558 622

EE 6 541 6 791 7 056 8 8 6 509 470 493

IE 1 361 1 372 1 358 1 1 1 208 203 242

EL 36 254 33 100 32 654 234 195 197

ES 10 315 10 625 11 113 1 174 1 161 1 187 4 540 4 655 5 669

FR 12 493 12 934 12 646 390 444 467 2 263 2 561 2 780

HR 13 659 11 903 13 948 7 4 26 1 436 1 188 1 242

IT 34 107 34 227 33 159 2 458 1 879 1 986 4 869 3 960 4 649

CY 2 1 1 49 36 34 169 103 103

LV 432 393 295 68 62 69

LT 138 136 136 33 58 60

LU - - - - - - - - -

HU - - - - - - - - -

MT 4 537 4 791 4 886 51 46 70 382 426 538

NL 889 911 941

AT - - - - - - - - -

PL 1 089 1 111 1 205 0 0 0

PT 249 252 268 30 23 24 472 537 654

RO 0 0 0 49 62 31

SI 14 13 17 68 60 61

SK - - - - - - - - -

FI 9 309 9 277 9 480 2 425 420 440

SE 14 701 14 791 14 890 42 42 95 527 586 559

UK 12 696 13 086 12 876 948 878 969

IS 369 262

NO 4 071 4 095 3 941 103 112 74 639 612 538

ME 107 52 48

TR 789 859 897 230 228 254

247 Sea ndash INWARD amp OUTWARD FLOWOF PASSENGERS ndash BY COUNTRY

65Source Eurostat

OUTWARDS1 000 PASSENGERS CRUISE PASSENGERS

excluding cruise passengers starting and ending a cruise

2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

EU-28 193 155 190 692 190 965 6 805 5 681 6 197

BE 197 218 176 232 194 245

BG 1 1 2 1 0 0

CZ - - - - - -

DK 20 387 20 411 20 609 211 209 184

DE 14 497 15 099 14 540 622 546 603

EE 6 588 6 847 7 097 8 8 6

IE 1 383 1 381 1 392 1 1 1

EL 36 218 33 057 32 640 212 182 188

ES 10 214 10 589 11 050 1 167 1 111 1 172

FR 12 357 12 816 12 557 393 444 463

HR 13 681 11 611 13 271 8 5 26

IT 33 830 34 176 32 971 2 842 1 943 2 152

CY 0 0 0 49 39 33

LV 441 409 307

LT 142 144 150

LU - - - - - -

HU - - - - - -

MT 4 532 4 785 4 884 51 47 70

NL 849 908 969

AT - - - - - -

PL 1 112 1 113 1 217 0 0 0

PT 249 252 268 28 24 23

RO 0 0 0

SI 14 14 17

SK - - - - - -

FI 9 211 9 209 9 404 2

SE 14 382 14 379 14 467 21 29 49

UK 12 870 13 273 12 978 958 898 982

IS 368

NO 3 721 3 691 3 290 4 10 5

ME 77 56 51

TR 790 821 809 248 242 272

Sea ndash INWARD amp OUTWARD FLOWOF PASSENGERS ndash BY COUNTRY

247

66Source Eurostat

PASSENGERS EMBARKED AND DISEMBARKED

RAN

KIN

G 1 000

PORT COUNTRY 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 CHA

NG

E lsquo1

4rsquo1

5

1 Dover UK 16 197 13 501 13 361 13 381 13 082 -222 Helsinki FI 9 251 8 854 9 849 10 942 11 214 253 Stockholm SE 7 746 8 211 9 147 9 933 9 887 -054 Calais FR 15 066 11 695 10 237 10 703 9 757 -885 Tallinn EE 6 701 7 523 9 098 9 299 226 Piraeus EL 7 289 11 076 10 944 8 136 8 169 047 Helsingborg SE 13 525 11 102 8 540 7 656 7 670 028 Helsingoslashr (Elsinore) DK 13 322 11 023 8 534 7 634 7 644 019 Paloukia Salaminas EL 11 663 12 705 7 016 7 050 05

Perama EL 11 663 12 705 7 016 7 050 0511 Messina IT 11 898 9 802 10 765 6 988 7 021 0512 Napoli IT 6 748 6 084 8 356 7 652 6 484 -15313 Puttgarden DE 5 430 6 760 6 261 6 002 6 141 2314 Roslashdby (Faeligrgehavn) DK 5 430 6 761 6 261 6 003 6 139 2315 Reggio Calabria IT 11 839 9 645 9 891 6 187 6 053 -2216 Palma Mallorca ES 1 864 4 817 4 496 4 939 5 496 11317 Algeciras ES 4 261 4 829 4 663 5 386 5 473 1618 Cirkewwa MT 3 463 4 031 4 643 4 740 21

Mgarr Gozo MT 3 463 4 031 4 643 4 740 2120 Capri IT 5 404 3 860 6 517 6 054 4 355 -28121 Santa Cruz de Tenerife ES 4 927 4 249 4 110 4 245 4 320 1822 Split HR 1 952 3 267 3 523 3 506 3 992 13923 Piombino IT 3 161 3 277 3 477 3 386 3 517 3924 Turku FI 3 514 3 697 3 498 3 246 3 256 0325 Dunkerque FR 96 813 2 533 2 518 3 198 27026 Mariehamn FI 1 885 3 192 3 302 2 981 3 043 2127 Portoferraio IT 2 641 2 829 2 769 2 872 2 945 2528 Rostock DE 1 767 2 417 2 195 2 477 2 863 15629 Porto DIschia IT 3 686 3 169 2 589 2 597 2 769 6630 Sjaeligllands Odde DK 2 283 2 310 1 777 2 525 2 690 6531 Olbia IT 2 359 3 253 3 863 2 502 2 598 3832 Hirtshals DK 1 855 1 959 2 178 2 479 2 567 3533 Aringrhus DK 1 143 1 710 1 284 2 350 2 532 7734 Igoumenitsa EL 933 2 338 2 726 2 544 2 532 -0535 Norddeich DE 2 253 2 257 2 287 2 526 2 497 -1136 Genova IT 2 444 2 406 2 991 2 196 2 344 6737 Barcelona ES 1 424 1 575 2 358 2 606 2 327 -10738 Civitavecchia IT 2 241 2 099 2 440 2 099 2 236 6539 Norderney I DE 2 015 1 990 2 093 2 550 2 162 -15240 Bastia FR 1 916 2 028 2 524 2 065 2 048 -08

248 Sea ndash PASSENGER TRAFFICAT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS

67Source Eurostat

TONNES LOADED AND UNLOADED

RAN

KIN

G MILLION

PORT COUNTRY 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 CHA

NG

E lsquo1

4rsquo1

5

1 Rotterdam NL 302545 345819 395763 421611 436942 362 Antwerpen BE 116003 145835 160012 180401 190107 543 Hamburg DE 76950 108253 104520 126004 120173 -464 Amsterdam NL 61309 69304 89899 97098 98776 175 Algeciras ES 38334 55186 58565 75650 79374 496 Marseille FR 91279 93308 82427 74426 77479 417 Le Havre FR 63885 70801 65771 61436 62946 258 Immingham UK 52501 60686 54029 59370 59103 -049 Valencia ES 21958 34990 53075 55047 57557 46

10 Bremerhaven DE 24835 33728 45943 53643 49753 -7311 Trieste IT 44015 43355 40557 47265 49137 4012 London UK 47892 53843 48062 44489 45430 2113 Genova IT 43797 42640 41428 43394 43426 0114 Sines PT 19957 24929 24728 35054 41218 17615 Riga LV 24421 29057 39808 39362 -1116 Piraeus EL 16513 18688 13058 41441 38322 -7517 Barcelona ES 25787 37063 35326 41182 38047 -7618 Goumlteborg UK 33261 36479 42938 36832 37838 2719 Milford Haven UK 33768 37547 42788 34309 37684 9820 Southampton UK 34773 39947 39365 36688 37660 2621 Dunkerque FR 44318 48503 36309 38919 36906 -5222 Constanta RO 44377 30396 34789 36277 4323 Tees amp Hartlepool UK 51472 55790 35697 39537 35849 -9324 Klaipeda LT 20019 28851 33773 34449 2025 Tarragona ES 27175 30663 32071 31502 32772 4026 Cartagena ES 17157 26716 19044 32275 32384 0327 Gdansk PL 22478 26421 28771 31685 10128 Liverpool UK 30421 33775 30020 30996 31256 0829 Bilbao ES 26623 32182 32440 29281 30975 5830 Livorno IT 19785 24048 22662 24476 29303 19731 Felixstowe UK 29686 23144 25756 28127 27971 -0632 Wilhelmshaven DE 43402 45977 24728 24099 27395 13733 Dover UK 17434 21145 24093 27605 27299 -1134 Huelva ES 17224 20931 22122 27271 27217 -0235 Forth UK 41143 34218 34335 24608 27074 10036 Gent (Ghent) BE 24717 22133 27572 28788 26143 -9237 Gioia Tauro IT 21638 29634 35371 27272 26137 -4238 Ravenna IT 22492 24253 22186 24183 25288 4639 Venezia NL 26293 30547 26212 20180 25142 24640 Nantes Saint-Nazaire FR 31263 34043 30582 25875 24878 -39

Sea ndash FREIGHT TRAFFICAT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS

249

68Source Eurostat

(1) RELEVANCE OF INTRA-EU TRANSPORT IN TOTAL MARITIME TRANSPORT BY EU COUNTRY 2015

INWARDS OUTWARDS

total inwards

of which from EU

share of EU

in total

total outwards

of which to EU

share of EU

in total

million tonnes

million tonnes () million

tonnesmillion tonnes ()

BE 128714 44663 347 112467 37284 332

BG 12622 0798 63 14544 4003 275

DK 48937 30699 627 35698 27947 783

DE 173484 72001 415 122756 51920 423

EE 8854 6319 714 22603 13392 592

IE 32457 21977 677 16841 15510 921

EL 80108 36495 456 68527 40471 591

ES 255215 91535 359 191806 60913 318

FR 195340 61011 312 101035 54659 541

HR 11275 3205 284 4642 2307 497

IT 286868 119902 418 162670 113421 697

CY () 4876 3274 671 2547 0435 171

LV 6533 5057 774 59928 44162 737

LT 14616 4302 294 28513 16190 568

MT 3394 2516 741 0290 0180 621

NL 406668 94914 233 187604 54805 292

PL 39433 16685 423 29403 21637 736

PT 50168 18589 371 35112 16923 482

RO () 19167 1608 84 24482 7026 287

SI 13176 3287 249 6755 2430 360

FI 48022 31163 649 48909 41947 858

SE 91982 64141 697 77726 66997 862

UK 306925 169115 551 178804 137586 769

Notes Data from main ports only (ports handling more than 1 million tonnes per year) () The total goods transported data may be less than the sum of inward

and outward traffic due to the double counting of tonnes moved within the same country () The share of intra-EU in total maritime transport may be underestimated in this table for CY and RO because a significant share of partner ports are

lsquounknownrsquo and hence cannot be attributed to any geographical area

2410a Sea ndash INTRA-EU MARITIME TRANSPORT ndash BY COUNTRY

69Source Eurostat

TOTAL

total goods trans-

ported ()

of which

tofrom EU

share of EU

in total

million tonnes

million tonnes ()

BE 241158 81923 340

BG 27166 4800 177

DK 82411 56422 685

DE 293277 120960 412

EE 31392 19647 626

IE 48279 36466 755

EL 128100 56433 441

ES 422735 128161 303

FR 289765 109060 376

HR 15294 4888 320

IT 368492 152281 413

CY () 7422 3711 500

LV 66292 49048 740

LT 43129 20492 475

MT 3684 2696 732

NL 594245 149692 252

PL 68464 37952 554

PT 80557 30786 382

RO () 43648 8631 198

SI 19931 5717 287

FI 91956 68133 741

SE 165214 126644 767

UK 445218 266190 598

(2) MAIN ROUTES IN INTRA-EU MARITIME TRANSPORT 2015

RAN

KIN

G country of loading

port

country of unloading

port

million tonnes trans-

ported

1 ITALY ITALY 86325

2 UK UK 62352

3 SPAIN SPAIN 43789

4 NETHERLANDS UK 38736

5 UK NETHERLANDS 35117

6 GREECE GREECE 29496

7 FRANCE UK 22211

8 UK FRANCE 18917

9 SWEDEN SWEDEN 17929

10 FRANCE FRANCE 15817

11 BELGIUM UK 15484

12 SWEDEN GERMANY 14848

13 SWEDEN UK 13276

14 DENMARK DENMARK 13235

15 SPAIN ITALY 12611

16 UK GERMANY 12180

17 FINLAND GERMANY 11905

18 DENMARK SWEDEN 11873

19 GERMANY SWEDEN 11772

20 UK IRELAND 11561

21 UK BELGIUM 11490

22 LATVIA NETHERLANDS 11480

23 NETHERLANDS FRANCE 11337

24 ITALY SPAIN 9974

25 SWEDEN FINLAND 9006

26 IRELAND UK 8320

27 NETHERLANDS GERMANY 8266

28 NETHERLANDS SPAIN 8120

29 SPAIN UK 7976

30 GREECE ITALY 7940

Note Data from main ports only (ports handling more than 1 million tonnes per year) the tonnes have been calculated by taking the declarations of the unloading ports (inward decla-rations) and adding those outward declarations of partner ports for which the inward declarations were missing

Sea ndash MAIN ROUTES IN INTRA-EU MARITIME TRANSPORT

2410b

70Source Eurostat

RAN

KIN

G 1 000 TEU

PORT COUNTRY 2005 2010 2014 2015 CHA

NG

E 1

41

5

1 Rotterdam NL 9 1946 11 0175 11 6341 11 5772 -052 Antwerpen BE 6 2209 8 1444 8 8117 9 3703 633 Hamburg DE 8 0843 7 9055 9 7754 8 8479 -954 Bremerhaven DE 3 6961 4 8583 5 7315 5 4668 -465 Valencia ES 2 4152 4 2112 4 4066 4 6087 466 Algeciras ES 3 1839 2 7769 4 5549 4 5158 -097 Felixstowe UK 2 7597 3 4151 4 0722 4 0427 -078 Piraeus EL 1 4011 8503 3 4927 3 3596 -389 Gioia Tauro IT 3 1232 3 8967 3 7081 3 0300 -183

10 Le Havre FR 2 1443 2 3693 2 4327 2 5601 5211 Genova IT 1 0376 1 0200 2 0139 2 0791 3212 Southampton UK 1 3842 1 5665 1 8938 1 9564 3313 Barcelona ES 2 0714 1 9280 2 0557 1 9497 -5214 La Spezia IT 9156 1 1806 1 2617 1 5789 25115 Sines PT 510 3821 1 2277 1 3322 8516 Marseille FR 9106 1 0309 1 1905 1 2558 5517 London UK 7651 7327 1 0593 1 1845 11818 Gdansk PL 633 5099 1 2320 1 0413 -15519 Las Palmas ES 1 2224 1 1180 9609 8833 -8120 Goumlteborg SE 7717 8915 8289 8402 1421 Cagliari IT 5837 4866 6232 8218 31922 Koper SI 2103 4810 6764 8027 18723 Constanta RO 8670 5481 6633 6895 4024 Liverpool UK 6131 6620 6664 6819 2325 Gdynia PL 3929 4770 9372 6764 -27826 Livorno IT 4614 3699 4014 6528 62627 Trieste IT 1827 2611 6181 6280 1628 Bilbao ES 8629 5320 6302 6279 -0429 Dublin IE 5902 5540 5692 6277 10330 Wilhelmshaven DE 27 00 1267 6110 382231 Thessaloniki EL 3725 2892 4512 5914 31132 Leixotildees PT 3518 4818 6271 5683 -9433 Hamina-Kotka FI 3765 4024 5184 4874 -6034 Lisboa PT 5122 5120 5028 4826 -4035 Venezia IT 1960 2377 3717 4760 28136 Aringrhus DK 3972 4463 4241 4452 5037 Helsinki FI 4602 4007 3693 4111 11338 Zeebrugge BE 6823 1 4368 8805 3930 -55439 Riga LV 1578 2546 3888 3554 -8640 Klaipeda LT 2143 2952 4502 3504 -222

Note In 2011 the ports of Hamina and Kotka merged into a single legal entity Older values refer to Kotka only

2411 Sea ndash CONTAINER TRAFFICAT MAJOR EU SEAPORTS

71

TRAFFIC OF CONSIGNMENTS ()

YEAR Semi-trailersRolling

motorway Swap bodies1990 20 18 61 1995 14 19 67 2000 9 23 68 2005 7 13 80 2006 7 14 79 2007 7 13 79 2008 8 14 77 2009 8 15 77 2010 10 15 75 2011 10 14 76 2012 13 5 82 2013 14 5 81 2014 13 5 82 2015 13 5 81 2016 16 5 79

Source Internat ional Union of Combined Road-Rai l Transport Companies (UIRR)

UIRR COMPANIESTONNE-KILOMETRES

of which

YEAR Billion lt 300 km 300 - 900 km gt 900 km1990 187 1 68 31 1995 250 2 56 42 2000 352 2 71 27 2005 388 3 63 34 2006 454 3 53 44 2007 461 3 56 41 2008 460 3 52 45 2009 389 4 52 44 2010 424 5 58 37 2011 426 7 56 37 2012 391 3 59 38 2013 407 2 60 38 2014 522 2 53 45 2015 550 1 50 49 2016 567 1 46 53

Notes () Consignment = equivalent to 20 TEU meaning - one semi-trailer - two swap bodies less than 830 m and under 16 t - one swap body more than 830 m or over 16 t - one vehicle on the rolling motorway

2012 data do not include Oumlkombi and Hungarokombi Since 2013 data includes performance of two new UIRR members and since 2014 of other 4 new members

Combined Transport Traffic 2412

72Source Observat ion et analyse des f lux de transports

de marchandises transalp ins

ALPINE ARC MONTGENEgraveVRE TO BRENNERMILLION TONNES

Switzerland Austria France

TOTAL

St Gotthard SimplonGr St BernardSt Bernardino

Brenner Reschen

Montgenegravevre Freacutejus

Mont-Blanc

1985 19 08 150 123 3001990 31 11 146 218 4061995 55 11 210 258 5342000 76 13 266 272 6272005 102 28 336 208 6742006 100 29 361 223 7132007 109 33 364 224 7302008 108 33 351 215 7072009 102 32 270 185 5892010 108 35 287 202 6322011 106 38 293 207 6442012 100 36 305 195 6362013 93 35 301 188 6172014 91 33 313 190 6282015 87 33 322 195 637

AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE8500 97 33 39 54 50 0015 09 65 13 - 22 01 1415 - 50 09 27 25 14

Note France Montgenegravevre from 1999

NUMBER OF HEAVY GOODS VEHICLES (1 000)Switzerland Austria France

TOTAL

Brenner Reschen

Mont-Blanc

2000 1 187 217 1 653 1 672 4 7292005 925 279 2 121 1 435 4 7602006 856 326 2 268 1 529 4 9792007 963 299 2 277 1 531 5 0702008 973 302 2 200 1 474 4 9492009 900 280 1 842 1 253 4 2752010 928 308 1 947 1 356 4 5392011 898 322 1 980 1 389 4 5892012 843 307 2 058 1 307 4 5162013 766 282 2 028 1 264 4 3412014 758 274 2 112 1 276 4 4202015 730 280 2 160 1 307 4 477

Note Internal import export and transit traffic

2413 RoadALPS CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFIC

73Sources Observator io h ispano-franceacutes de Traacutef ico en los P i r ineos Spain and own est imates ( in i ta l ics)

GOODS TRAFFICVEHICLES PER DAY

West coast Irun

Biriatou

East coast La JonqueraLe Perthus

Other crossings TOTAL

1997 5 657 6 729 880 13 2661998 6 447 7 413 905 14 7651999 6 914 8 018 914 15 8462000 8 224 8 200 1 519 17 9432001 8 806 8 050 1 172 18 0282002 8 864 8 535 1 505 18 9042003 9 276 8 920 1 758 19 9542004 10 655 9 302 1 875 21 8322005 9 970 9 243 1 825 21 0382006 10 390 9 602 1 939 21 9312008 10 670 9 484 1 334 21 4882009 9 712 8 610 1 367 19 6882011 9 414 8 945 1 044 19 4022013 9 165 9 163 1 050 19 3772014 8 605 9 501 981 19 087

PASSENGER CAR TRAFFICVEHICLES PER DAY

West coastIrun

Biriatou

East coastLa JonqueraLe Perthus

1997 30 200 19 400 27 800 77 4001998 30 230 20 601 33 168 83 9991999 33 188 20 678 33 412 87 2782000 40 923 24 390 31 962 97 2752001 41 847 25 201 34 096 101 1442002 41 812 28 544 37 654 108 0102003 44 165 29 201 41 267 114 6332004 45 041 30 923 41 196 117 1602005 47 142 31 896 42 465 121 5032006 47 172 32 180 43 228 122 5802008 47 266 30 847 41 924 120 0372009 47 907 31 465 42 452 121 8232011 48 787 30 900 40 508 120 1942013 47 110 30 529 38 612 116 2502014 48 780 31 623 40 190 120 593

Note Since 2006 these statistics are available every two years

RoadPYRENEES CROSSING TRAFFIC

2414

74 Sources DG MOVE Rai l Market Monitor ing IRG-Rai l reports (break in ser ies) 2015 data are provis ional Due to a methcdological

change in report ing 2015 values are most ly est imated by DG MOVE

SHARE OF ALL BUT THE PRINCIPAL UNDERTAKINGS

2006 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015BE 000 000 020 060 000 000 326

BG 000 000 260 000 000 000 000

CZ 000 024 294 513 660 500

DK 900 1800 680 650 670 700

DE 380 570 800 1040 1170 1200 1349

EE 4000 5770 5000 5600 6650 630 000

IE 000 000 000 000 000

EL 000 000 000 000 000 000

ES 000 000 000 000 000 000

FR 000 100 500 499

HR 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

IT 980 830 830 1900 2300

CY - - - - - - -

LV 1010 908 1054 1170 1230 1100 826

LT 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

LU 000 000 000

HU 140 180 180 290 320 320 345

MT - - - - - - -

NL 190 200 480 500 1490

AT 650 540 880 1230 1180 1221

PL 917 3680 4831 5140 5782 5580 5174

PT 900 900 613 590 680 541

RO 053 110 393 960 910

SI 000 000 001 000 000 000 000

SK 000 003 003 338 376 374 600

FI 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

SE 1900 3600 3347

UK 8950 8990 8997 8970 8920

NO 1200 1200 1000 1000 1000 1070

Notes Total market share of all but the principal railway undertakings (as a percentage of passenger-km in some cases as a percentage of train-km) DK not considering metro services after break in series

2415a Rail ndash DEGREE OF MARKETOPENING ndash PASSENGERS

75Sources DG MOVE Rai l Market Monitor ing IRG-Rai l reports (break in ser ies) 2015 data are provis ional

2006 2008 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015BE 003 610 1182 1339 1854 2430 2510

BG 318 1432 2160 3650 4470 4880 5140

CZ 1316 2062 2367 3010 3350

DK 2500 2700 2500 2400 2900

DE 1640 2200 2500 2860 3260 3410 4090

EE 3060 4900 4500 3000 3500 3050 2900

IE 000 000 000 000 000 000

EL 000 000 000 000 000 000

ES 490 500 808 1683 1905 2050 2600

FR 060 1000 2000 3200 3600 3700 2560

HR 000 000 000 000 000 052 200

IT 1150 2410 1680 760 4100 4120

CY - - - - - - -

LV 1060 957 2330 2260 2330 2150 3110

LT 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

LU 000 000 000 000 000

HU 900 1440 1947 3180 3480 3760 3960

MT - - - - - - -

NL 1400 2500 4000 3600 4140 4100

AT 1000 1400 1460 1760 1930 2140 2360

PL 1690 2397 3582 3293 3453 3630 3810

PT 000 900 1100 1340 1130 1180

RO 2670 4099 5470 5368 5760 4280 6020

SI 000 000 000 950 919 990 1210

SK 290 200 203 1176 1347 1000 1760

FI 000 000 000 000 000 000 000

SE 3250 4000 5600 5500 4800

UK 4420 5140 5360 5450 5470 5260

NO 2100 2500 3800 4200 4700 4220

Note Total market share of all but the principal railway undertakings (as a percentage of tonnes-km in some cases as a percentage of train-km)

Rail ndash DEGREE OF MARKET OPENING ndash FREIGHT

2415b

76

ALPS CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFICAlpine Arc Mont-Cenis to Brenner MILLION TONNES

Switzerland Austria FranceTOTALSt Gotthard Simplon Brenner Mont-Cenis

1985 112 28 47 75 2621990 136 43 55 72 3061995 136 44 84 80 3442000 168 38 87 86 3792001 158 48 107 86 3992002 142 48 105 86 3812003 143 56 107 78 3842004 161 68 107 64 4002005 156 81 100 52 3892006 162 90 116 48 4162007 155 97 133 57 4422008 155 99 140 46 4402009 116 92 131 24 3632010 144 96 144 30 4142011 144 113 141 34 4322012 139 98 112 34 3832013 150 101 117 32 4012014 156 105 119 33 4132015 153 117 126 32 427

AVERAGE ANNUAL CHANGE8500 27 21 42 09 25 0015 - 06 78 25 - 64 08 1415 - 22 117 53 - 40 34

Source Observat ion et analyse des f lux de transports de marchandises transalp ins

2416 RailALPS CROSSING FREIGHT TRAFFIC

77Sources Eurotunnel est imates ( in i ta l ics)

UNITED KINGDOM ndash FRANCESHUTTLE

Vehicles Passengers

PASSENGER FREIGHT (1)

cars (1 000) coaches (1 000) 1 000 million1995 1 223 230 391 42 2000 2 784 795 1 133 101 2001 2 530 755 1 198 93 2002 2 336 719 1 231 87 2003 2 279 719 1 285 85 2004 2 101 635 1 281 78 2005 2 047 773 1 309 82 2006 2 022 672 1 296 78 2007 2 142 653 1 415 95 2008 1 907 558 1 254 84 2009 1 917 545 769 78 2010 2 125 565 1 089 88 2011 2 263 561 1 263 93 2012 2 424 590 1 465 100 2013 2 481 645 1 363 103 2014 2 572 631 1 440 106 2015 2 557 584 1 484 105 2016 2 610 536 1 642 106

THROUGH-TRAINPASSENGER FREIGHT

million 1 000 tonnes1995 2920 1 4112000 7130 2 9472001 6947 2 4472002 6603 1 4642003 6315 1 7442004 7277 1 8992005 7454 1 5882006 7858 1 5692007 8261 1 2142008 9113 1 2392009 9220 1 1812010 9529 1 1282011 9680 1 3252012 9912 1 2272013 10133 1 3602014 10398 1 6502013 10399 1 4202014 10011 1 040

Notes The Channel Tunnel opened in 1994 (1) From 2000 to 2005 estimates based on 252 passengers per car and 3875 passengers per coach

RailCHANNEL TUNNEL TRAFFIC

2417

78Sources Eurostat International Road Federation United Nations Economic Commis-sion for Europe ASECAP statistical bulletin national statistics estimates (in italics)

25

km (at end of year)

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015EU-28 42 207 48 297 55 116 63 140 71 136 74 850 75 820

BE 1 666 1 666 1 702 1 747 1 763 1 763 1 763BG 273 277 319 331 437 610 734CZ 357 414 501 564 734 776 776DK 611 796 923 1 032 1 130 1 232 1 237DE 10 854 11 190 11 712 12 363 12 819 12 949 12 993EE 41 65 93 99 115 141 147IE 26 70 103 247 900 897 916

EL 190 421 615 917 1 558 1 558 1 589ES 4 976 6 962 9 049 11 432 14 262 15 049 15 336FR 6 824 8 275 9 766 10 798 11 392 11 560 11 599HR 291 302 411 1 016 1 244 1 290 1 310

IT 6 193 6 435 6 478 6 542 6 668 6 844 6 943CY 120 167 257 276 257 257 272LV - - - - - - -LT 421 394 417 417 309 309 309LU 78 123 114 147 152 152 161

HU 267 335 448 859 1 477 1 782 1 884MT - - - - - - -NL 2 092 2 208 2 265 2 600 2 651 2 730 2 756AT 1 445 1 596 1 633 1 677 1 719 1 719 1 719PL 257 246 358 552 857 1 556 1 559PT 316 687 1 482 2 341 2 737 3 065 3 065RO 113 113 113 228 332 683 747

SI 228 293 427 569 771 770 773SK 192 198 296 328 416 420 463FI 225 394 549 693 779 881 881

SE 939 1 262 1 499 1 700 1 971 2 088 2 119UK 3 212 3 408 3 586 3 665 3 686 3 769 3 769AL

ME - - - - - - -MK 83 216 251 259 259RS 603 603 603 603TR 281 1 667 2 080 2 282 2 159IS - - - 11 11 11 11

NO 73 107 144 264 381 392 392CH 1 148 1 197 1 270 1 358 1 406 1 429 1 440

Notes ES lsquoautopistas de peajersquo and lsquoautoviacuteas y autopistas libresrsquo CY from 2006 without urban M-ways NL all national roads (lsquoRijkswegenrsquo) with dual carriageways

UK data refers to the 1st of April of the next year

TRANSPORT - INFRASTRUCTURE

251 RoadLENGTH OF MOTORWAYS

79Sources Eurostat Internat ional Road Federat ion nat ional stat ist ics est imates ( in i ta l ics)

km (at end of 2015)

MotorwaysMain or

national roadsSecondary or

regional roads Other roads ()

BE 1 763 13 229 1 349 138 869BG 734 2 954 4 025 12 140CZ 776 6 245 48 717 74 919DK 1 237 2 613 70 646DE 12 993 38 303 178 786EE 147 3 865 12 583 42 233IE 916 4 390 13 120 80 472

EL 1 589 9 299 30 864 75 600ES 15 336 14 950 135 717 501 053FR 11 599 9 633 379 725 687 789HR 1 310 6 758 9 640 8 998

IT 6 943 21 686 155 668 74 719CY 272 2 219 2 313 5 051LV - 1 675 5 473 63 681LT 309 6 367 14 574 51 467LU 161 837 1 891

HU 1 884 30 041 172 957MT - 2 854NL 2 756 2 584 7 759 126 025AT 1 719 10 345 23 681 102 463PL 1 559 17 734 154 201 246 143PT 3 065 6 454 4 791RO 747 16 859 35 316 33 158

SI 773 5 942 32 181SK 463 3 566 13 976 36 852FI 881 12 454 13 600 51 053

SE 2 119 13 574 157 227 42 171UK 3 769 49 081 33 171 335 239AL

ME - 7 809MK 259 649 3 778 9 570RS 603 4 804 10 951 29 240TR 2 159 31 280 32 474 170 762IS 11 4 919 2 950 5 010

NO 392 10 666 44 497 39 287CH 1 440 383 17 898 51 799

Notes () The definition of road types varies from country to country the data are therefore not comparable lsquoOther roadsrsquo sometimes includes roads without a hard surface

BE end of 2009 EL end of 2010 IT LV end of 2014 LU 23rd of September 2015 UK 1st of April 2015 IS end of 2011

RoadLENGTH OF ROAD NETWORK

252

80Sources Union Internat ionale des Chemins de Fer IRG-Rai l annual

reports (BE DE FR UK NO ) nat ional stat ist ics Eurostat est imates ( in i ta l ics)

km km

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

OF WHICH ELECTRIFIED

2015EU-28 237 671 229 435 220 583 215 110 215 840 219 129 218 181 116 086 532

BE 3 479 3 368 3 471 3 544 3 582 3 631 3 607 3 086 856

BG 4 299 4 294 4 320 4 154 4 097 4 023 4 019 2 859 711

CZ 9 430 9 444 9 614 9 468 9 456 9 466 3 217 340

DK 2 838 2 863 2 787 2 646 2 606 2 612 2 552 621 243

DE 40 981 41 718 36 588 34 221 33 707 38 836 38 828 20 346 524

EE 1 026 1 021 968 968 1 540 1 510 1 510 132 87

IE 1 944 1 954 1 919 1 919 1 894 1 894 1 894 52 27

EL 2 484 2 474 2 385 2 576 2 552 2 238 2 239 525 234

ES 14 539 14 308 14 347 15 015 15 837 15 901 16 056 10 211 636

FR 34 070 31 939 29 272 29 286 29 504 29 386 28 765 15 976 555

HR 2 429 2 296 2 726 2 726 2 722 2 604 2 604 970 373

IT 16 066 16 003 16 187 16 545 17 022 17 037 17 041 12 136 712

CY - - - - - - - - -

LV 2 397 2 413 2 331 2 270 1 897 1 853 1 859 250 134

LT 2 007 2 002 1 905 1 771 1 767 1 767 1 877 122 65

LU 271 275 274 275 275 275 275 262 953

HU 7 838 7 714 8 005 7 950 7 893 7 892 7 894 3 079 390

MT - - - - - - - - -

NL 2 798 2 739 2 802 2 797 3 013 3 031 3 058 2 314 757

AT 5 624 5 672 5 665 5 691 5 039 5 058 4 937 3 517 712

PL 26 228 23 986 22 560 19 507 19 702 18 942 18 510 11 777 636

PT 3 064 2 850 2 814 2 844 2 842 2 544 2 545 1 639 644

RO 11 348 11 376 11 015 10 948 10 777 10 770 10 770 4 030 374

SI 1 196 1 201 1 201 1 228 1 228 1 208 1 209 500 414

SK 3 660 3 665 3 662 3 658 3 622 3 627 3 626 1 587 438

FI 5 867 5 880 5 854 5 732 5 919 5 944 5 923 3 262 551

SE 11 193 10 925 11 037 11 017 11 160 10 881 10 908 8 235 755

UK 16 914 17 069 17 044 16 208 16 175 16 209 16 209 5 381 332

AL 423 423 423 0 00

ME 248 249 250 250 224 896

MK 696 699 699 699 699 699 699 234 335

RS 3 809 3 809 3 809 3 809 1 275 335

TR 8 429 8 549 8 671 8 697 9 594 10 087 10 131 3 423 338

IS - - - - - - - - -

NO 4 044 4 023 4 413 4 334 4 199 3 867 3 857 2 461 638

CH 3 215 3 232 3 216 3 399 3 597 3 607 3 592 3 591 1000

Notes DE includes DE-E 1990=14 031 CS 1990 13 111 These are included in EU-28 totals

Please note that for some countries the values refer only to the main infrastructure managers which are members of the UIC

253 RailwaysLENGTH OF LINES IN USE

81Sources Union Internat ionale des Chemins de Fer (updated July 2017) h igh speed department nat ional sources

LENGTH OF LINESkm (at end of year)

BE DE ES FR IT NL AT PL UK EU

1985 - - - 419 224 - - - - 643

1990 - 90 - 710 224 - - - - 1 024

1995 - 447 471 1 281 248 - - - - 2 447

2000 72 636 471 1 281 248 - - - - 2 708

2005 137 1 196 1 090 1 540 248 - - - 74 4 285

2010 209 1 285 2 056 1 896 923 120 - - 113 6 602

2011 209 1 285 2 144 2 036 923 120 - - 113 6 830

2012 209 1 334 2 144 2 036 923 120 - - 113 6 879

2013 209 1 334 2 515 2 036 923 120 48 - 113 7 298

2014 209 1 352 2 515 2 036 923 120 48 - 113 7 316

2015 209 1 475 2 871 2 036 923 120 48 224 113 8 019

2016 209 1 475 2 938 2 142 981 120 48 224 113 8 250

Note Length of lines or of sections of lines on which trains can go faster than 250 kmh at some point during the journey

HIGH-SPEED LINES CURRENTLY UNDER CONSTRUCTION

LINELENGTH

kmSTART OF

OPERATIONDK Copenhagen - Ringsted 56 2018

DE Offenburg - Riegel (Basel) 39 2029

DE Nuumlrnberg - Ebensfeld 83 2017

DE Ebensfeld - Erfurt 100 2017

DE Stuttgart - Wendlingen 57 2021

DE Buggingen - Katzenberg tunnel (Basel) 12 2021

DE Wendlingen - Ulm 60 2021

DE Tunnel Rastatt 17 2022

ES Monforte del Cid - Murcia 62 2018

ES Vitoria - Bilbao - San Sebastian 175 2022

ES Leoacuten - Asturias Variante de Pajares 50 2019

ES Bobadilla - Granada 109 2018

ES Plasencia -Cacere Badajoz 193 2019

ES Venta de Banos - Burgos 91 2018

ES Zamora - Orense 224 2019

FR LGV Bretagne - Pays de la Loire 214 2017

FR LGV Sud Europe Atlantique 340 2017

FR Counternement Nimes - Montpellier 80 2018

IT Genoa - Milan (Tortona) 67 2020

AT Ybbs - Amstetten 17

AT Gloggnitz - Muumlrzzuschlag (Sermmering-Basistunnel) 27 2024

AT Graz-Klagenfurt (Koralmtunnel) 110 2024

AT Brennerachse 64

Note The length indicated above is the length of the line under construction and not necessarily the distance between the places named

RailwaysHIGH-SPEED RAIL NETWORK

254

82

TRACK GAUGE ELECTRIC CURRENTmm DC volts AC volts

BE 1 435 3 000 25 000 50 HZBG 1 435 25 000 50 HZCZ 1 435 3 000 25 000 50 HzDK 1 435 3 000 25 000 50 HZ

DE 1 435 800-1 200 (contact rail)

15 000 167Hz

EE 1 520 3 000IE 1 600 1 500

EL 6001 0001 435 25 000 50 HZ

ES 1 000 1 500() 1 435 25 000 50 HZ

1 668 3 000

FR 1 000 750-850 (contact rail)

1 435 1 500 25 000 50 HZHR 1 435 3 000 25 000 50 HZ

IT 1 435 3 000 25 000 50 HZCY - - - -LV 1 520 3 000LT 1 520 25 000 50 HZLU 1 435 25 000 50 HZ

HU 1 435 25 000 50 HZMT - - - -NL 1 435 1 500AT 1 435 15 000 167HzPL 1 435 3 000PT 1 000

1 668 25 000 50 HZRO 1 435 25 000 50 HZ

SI 1 435 3 000SK 1 435 3 000 25 000 50 HZFI 1 524 25 000 50 HZ

SE 1 435 15 000 167HzUK 1 435 750 25 000 50 HZ

() 1 600 (contact rail)(N-IRL)

Notes 1 435 mm = standard gauge () ES new lines have a gauge of 1 435 mm and

an electric current of 25 000 volts 50 Hz () UK (N-IRL) Northern Ireland

Sources Union Internat ionale des Chemins de Fer ra i lway companies

255 Railways ndash MAIN RAILWAY GAUGE AND ELECTRIC CURRENT USED

83Sources Eurostat A i rports Counci l Internat ional Europe nat ional sources

BY NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED () PER YEARmorethan

10 million5 to

10 million 1 to

5 million 500 000 to 1 million

100 000 to 500 000

15 000 to 100 000

EU-28 38 27 94 35 100 34BE 1 1 3BG 3CZ 1 2 2DK 1 2 4 1DE 7 2 8 4 4EE 1IE 1 2 1 1

EL 1 2 6 2 11 11ES 6 4 10 7 5FR 3 4 11 6 18 1HR 3 2

IT 3 6 14 3 7CY 1 1LV 1LT 1 1 1LU 1

HU 1MT 1NL 1 2 2AT 1 2 2 1PL 1 6 1 4PT 1 2 2 3 5RO 1 1 1 4

SI 1SK 1 1FI 1 1 8 8

SE 1 1 5 10 1UK 7 2 10 6 9 5AL 1

ME 2MK 1 1RS 1 1TR 5 1 11 7 18 9IS 1

NO 1 1 8 3 10 6CH 2 1 2 1

Notes () lsquoPassengers carriedrsquo do not include direct transit passengers (ie transit passengers who stay on board and continue their flight with the same flight number) Airports are grouped according to 2015 passenger volumes In this table blank means none

AirNUMBER OF AIRPORTS

256

84Sources Eurostat nat ional stat ist ics est imates ( in i ta l ics)

NAVIGABLE CANALS RIVERS AND LAKES REGULARLY USED FOR TRANSPORT

km

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015EU-28 38 611 40 811 41 848 41 788 41 734 41 935

BE 1 515 1 540 1 534 1 516 1 516 1 516 1 516BG 470 470 470 470 470 470 470CZ 677 664 664 676 687 720DK - - - - - - -DE 4 350 6 663 6 754 7 565 7 728 7 675 7 675EE 520 320 320 335 416 416IE - - - - - - -

EL - - - - - - -ES - - - - - - -FR 6 197 5 962 5 789 5 788 5 110 4 718 4 822HR 933 933 720 804 805 1 017 1 017

IT 1 366 1 466 1 477 1 562 1 562 1 562 1 562CY - - - - - - -LV - - - - - - -LT 369 369 380 290 448 452 446LU 37 37 37 37 37 37 37

HU 1 373 1 373 1 373 1 587 1 864 1 864 1 864MT - - - - - - -NL 5 046 5 046 6 183 6 211 6 219 6 261 6 256AT 351 351 351 351 351 351 351PL 3 997 3 980 3 813 3 638 3 659 3 655 3 655PT - - - - - - -RO 1 782 1 779 1 779 1 779 1 779 1 779 1 779

SI - - - - - - -SK 2 379 172 172 172 172 172 172FI 6 072 6 120 7 842 8 029 8 006 8 052 8 127

SE - - - - - - -UK 1 631 1 153 1 153 1 065 1 050 1 050 1 050AL - - - - - - -

ME - - - - - - -MK - - - - - - -RS 1 364 1 593 1 593TR - - - - - - -IS - - - - - - -

NO - - - - - - -CH - - - - - - -

Note DE includes DE-E 1990 = 2 319

257 Inland WaterwaysLENGTH IN USE

LENGTH OF OIL PIPELINESkm

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015EU-28 35 330 36 388 37 528 37 221 36 017

BE 301 294 294 294 294 294 294BG 578 578 578 578 578 570 570CZ 581 675 675 674 674 642DK 444 330 330 330 330 330 330DE 2 222 2 460 2 370 2 370 2 370 2 370 2 370EE - - - - - - -IE - - - - - - -

EL - - - 267 267 267 267ES 2 678 3 691 3 780 3 833 4 365 4 735 4 736FR 4 948 4 983 5 746 5 746 6 293 7 696 7 142HR 865 601 601 610 610 610 610

IT 4 086 4 235 4 346 4 328 4 291 4 308 4 022CY - - - - - - -LV 766 766 766 860 417 417 417LT 400 500 500 500 500 500LU - - - - - - -

HU 2 574 2 071 2 061 2 032 2 209 2 215 2 215MT - - - - - - -NL 391 391 391 391 391 391 391AT 777 777 777 777 1 214 1 214 1 214PL 2 039 2 278 2 278 2 278 2 362 2 483 2 483PT - - 147 147 147 147 147RO 3 694 4 479 5 221 5 356 5 260 3 048 2 715

SI - - - - - - -SK 515 515 515 510 506 506FI - - - - - - -

SE - - - - - - -UK 2 462 3 470 3 954 4 501 4 446 4 446 4 446AL - - - - - - -

ME - - - - - - -MK 155 144 - -RS 374 279 279TR 1 126 2 112 3 065 3 038 3 053 3 053IS - - - - - - -

NO 3 701 7 908 1 189 1 260 1 245 1 245CH 239 239 109 109 109 109 109

Notes Including oil pipelines under the sea DE Crude oil pipelines only includes DE-E 1990 = 1 323 km CS 1990 = 1 090 1991 = 1 090 1992 = 1 083 km

Pipelines 258

86

NUMBER OF PASSENGER CARS PER 1 000 INHABITANTS

EU-28 335 371 410 446 477 491 498 14BE 387 421 456 468 480 496 501 09BG 152 196 245 333 353 418 442 56CZ 234 295 336 387 429 459 485 57DK 309 320 347 362 389 412 419 18DE 461 495 475 493 527 547 548 03EE 154 269 333 366 416 497 514 35IE 228 276 348 400 416 425 425 00

EL 169 208 295 391 469 470 479 17ES 309 360 431 460 475 474 481 15FR 404 422 460 476 482 478 479 02HR 121 155 262 321 353 349 358 26

IT 483 533 572 597 619 610 616 09CY 304 335 384 477 551 565 575 18LV 106 134 237 333 307 331 345 41LT 133 199 336 442 554 413 431 44LU 477 556 622 655 659 662 661 -01

HU 187 218 232 287 299 315 325 31MT 337 487 483 525 581 621 634 21NL 367 364 409 434 464 472 477 11AT 388 452 511 504 530 547 546 -02PL 138 195 261 323 453 526 546 37PT 185 255 333 400 424 433 439 13RO 56 97 124 158 214 247 261 56

SI 294 357 435 479 518 518 523 09SK 166 189 237 243 310 360 375 43FI 388 371 412 462 535 584 594 17

SE 419 411 450 459 460 470 474 08UK 361 378 425 467 465 471 477 14AL 18 37 62 104 131 140 70

ME 266 280 283 10MK 145 148 124 151 180 185 32RS 200 216 253 259 26TR 49 68 84 102 127 134 60IS 468 445 561 625 643 661 681 30

NO 380 386 411 437 469 495 501 13CH 442 457 492 518 518 532 535 06

LI 582 609 663 699 744 762 766 05

Note Passenger car stock at end of year n divided by the population on 1 January of year n+1

Source Tables 2 6 2 and 1 5

26 TRANSPORT - MEANS OF TRANSPORT

261 RoadMOTORISATION

87Sources Eurostat national statistics United Nations Economic Commission for Europe estimates ( in i ta l ics)

STOCK OF REGISTERED VEHICLES1 000

EU-28 160 106 179 690 200 245 221 211 240 070 249 790 254 235 18BE 3 864 4 273 4 678 4 919 5 276 5 573 5 662 16BG 1 317 1 648 1 993 2 538 2 602 3 014 3 162 49CZ 2 410 3 043 3 439 3 959 4 496 4 833 5 115 58DK 1 590 1 679 1 854 1 965 2 164 2 330 2 391 26DE 36 772 40 499 39 059 40 660 42 302 44 403 45 071 15EE 241 383 464 494 553 653 677 36IE 801 998 1 333 1 684 1 899 1 966 2 007 21

EL 1 736 2 205 3 195 4 303 5 217 5 108 5 160 10ES 11 996 14 212 17 449 20 250 22 147 22 030 22 356 15FR 23 550 25 100 28 060 30 100 31 300 31 800 32 000 06HR 580 711 1 125 1 385 1 515 1 474 1 500 17

IT 27 416 30 301 32 584 34 667 36 751 37 081 37 351 07CY 179 220 268 355 463 478 488 19LV 283 332 557 742 637 658 679 32LT 493 718 1 172 1 455 1 692 1 206 1 244 32LU 183 229 273 307 337 373 381 22

HU 1 944 2 245 2 365 2 889 2 984 3 108 3 197 29MT 120 181 189 213 241 267 275 33NL 5 509 5 633 6 539 7 092 7 736 7 979 8 101 15AT 2 991 3 594 4 097 4 157 4 441 4 695 4 748 11PL 5 261 7 517 9 991 12 339 17 240 20 004 20 723 36PT 1 849 2 560 3 443 4 200 4 480 4 496 4 538 09RO 1 292 2 197 2 778 3 364 4 320 4 908 5 155 50

SI 587 711 866 960 1 062 1 068 1 079 10SK 880 1 016 1 274 1 304 1 669 1 949 2 035 44FI 1 939 1 901 2 135 2 430 2 877 3 195 3 258 20

SE 3 601 3 631 3 999 4 154 4 335 4 586 4 669 18UK 20 722 21 951 25 067 28 326 29 334 30 557 31 214 21AL 59 115 195 295 378 404 68

ME 165 174 176 11MK 286 300 253 310 371 384 33RS 1 481 1 566 1 797 1 835 21TR 3 059 4 422 5 773 7 545 9 858 10 589 74IS 120 119 159 187 205 217 226 41

NO 1 613 1 685 1 852 2 029 2 309 2 555 2 610 21CH 2 985 3 229 3 545 3 861 4 076 4 384 4 458 17

LI 17 19 22 24 27 28 29 12

Notes Stock at end of year except for BE 1 August (1 July in 2012) CH 30 September LI 1 July Taxis are usually included HR from 2009 light vans are included in passenger cars and no longer as Goods Vehicles

TRANSPORT - MEANS OF TRANSPORT

RoadPASSENGER CARS

262

88Sources Eurostat national statistics United Nations Economic Commission

for Europe estimates ( in i ta l ics)

EU-28 7403 7540 7758 7881 8137 8175 8312 17BE 156 146 147 154 162 168 171 18BG 346 418 430 378 245 236 241 21CZ 205 205 190 209 204 205 207 08DK 81 137 140 144 145 134 134 -02DE 1004 854 772 752 765 775 783 11EE 79 70 61 52 42 46 48 43IE 40 53 70 76 82 88 93 52

EL 214 246 270 268 273 266 265 -02ES 458 474 547 582 624 598 603 08FR 700 790 800 830 860 890 900 11HR 58 39 47 49 49 50 53 47

IT 777 750 880 944 999 979 980 01CY 23 27 29 32 34 26 27 51LV 121 165 115 106 54 48 48 -10LT 152 176 155 153 137 69 69 -12LU 08 09 11 13 16 18 19 44

HU 264 205 179 175 176 179 181 12MT 10 10 11 11 18 18 20 89NL 121 116 114 110 113 96 94 -19AT 94 98 99 93 96 96 97 10PL 924 854 826 796 970 1061 1098 36PT 121 150 198 147 154 145 147 14RO 283 420 407 393 409 443 473 69

SI 31 25 23 23 24 26 26 28SK 143 118 109 91 94 92 93 12FI 93 81 99 109 137 163 169 37

SE 146 146 144 135 139 140 141 09UK 750 759 886 1056 1115 1122 1133 10AL 67 168 295 70 60 64 62

ME 12 13 11MK 23 25 25 23 27 32 32 25RS 97 80 90 95 48TR 1881 2632 3543 5019 5955 6385 6663 44IS 13 13 17 19 19 23 25 71

NO 212 325 367 288 203 171 167 -26CH 312 365 403 458 528 624 657 53

LI 01 01 01 01 01 20

Notes Stock at end of year except for BE 1 August CH 30 September LI 1 July Data include buses coaches minibuses and sometimes also trolleybuses

263 RoadBUSES AND COACHES

EU-28 22 8622 27 4784 31 7100 34 8589 35 8631 36 5745 20BE 3804 4425 5888 6623 7448 8138 8381 30BG 1616 2232 2594 3339 3335 4118 4444 79CZ 2193 2983 4392 5980 6153 6521 60DK 2866 3338 3849 4695 4851 4396 4371 - 06DE 1 6530 2 3787 2 4191 2 4049 2 6194 2 8898 2 9952 36EE 677 656 821 862 812 966 1018 54IE 1432 1418 2056 2865 3271 3174 3305 41

EL 7664 8838 1 0574 1 1865 1 3188 1 3226 1 3328 08ES 2 4011 3 0242 3 9232 4 8496 5 3035 5 0255 5 0472 04FR 4 8400 5 1160 5 6730 6 1150 6 3580 6 5190 6 5620 07HR 735 1225 1629 1577 1437 1490 37

IT 2 2079 2 5099 3 0870 3 7859 4 1418 4 0809 4 0978 04CY 743 1012 1147 1184 1207 1044 1038 - 06LV 687 971 1131 716 832 860 34LT 830 1089 986 1225 1339 997 1029 32LU 113 158 247 296 356 384 396 30

HU 2620 2780 3526 4129 4513 4784 4962 37MT 408 515 444 425 433 442 19NL 5530 6540 8990 1 0045 1 0040 9488 9631 15AT 2618 3029 3445 3580 3968 4349 4440 21PL 1 3541 1 8791 2 3045 2 9816 3 3406 3 4280 26PT 7810 9123 1 3132 1 3080 1 3370 1 2370 1 2290 - 06RO 2587 3431 4272 4938 6672 8065 8563 62

SI 308 429 543 664 841 873 913 46SK 920 1026 1140 1742 2760 2939 3029 31FI 2642 2520 3043 3636 4644 5429 5609 33

SE 3095 3077 3742 4612 5264 5812 5962 26UK 2 7060 2 5650 2 9283 3 5524 3 7969 4 0664 4 2422 43AL 291 456 473 837 687 710 34

ME 138 143 37MK 226 246 180 333 374 387 35RS 1183 1517 1392 1399 05TR 8300 1 3518 2 1520 3 1254 3 8362 4 0596 58IS 131 148 194 255 304 314 330 53

NO 3083 3495 4143 4654 5270 5509 5541 06CH 2521 2624 2785 3072 3352 3823 3936 30

LI 25 26 28 31 32 24

Notes Stock at end of year except for CH 30 September LI 1 July As a rule data include heavy and light goods vehicles lorries and road tractors due to varying concepts of such vehicles data are not fully comparable between countries HR from 2009 light vans are included in passenger cars and no longer in Goods Vehicles EE FR include special purpose vehicles

RoadGOODS VEHICLES

264

90Sources Nat ional stat ist ics Associat ion des constructeurs

europeacuteens de motocycles (ACEM) for FR

EU-28 23 3892 29 8319 34 4013 35 2026 35 5091 09BE 2778 3463 4190 4565 4658 20BG 5193 5205 1465 1254 1548 1633 55CZ 9152 7481 7940 9243 9988 1 0465 48DK 580 1383 1719 2036 1975 1980 03DE 3 9955 4 4381 5 2029 5 8709 6 1817 6 2486 11EE 33 67 102 197 423 455 76IE 235 306 343 381 366 370 11

EL 7814 1 1242 1 4991 1 6196 1 6535 21ES 1 3012 1 4456 4 1176 4 9977 5 0332 5 1027 14FR 2 2890 2 4100 2 4753 3 5610 2 8151 2 6942 -43HR 99 219 1284 1768 1531 1513 -12

IT 6 2283 7 8269 9 2984 8 8550 9 0222 8 9656 -06CY 504 433 404 407 410 393 -41LV 158 207 325 367 464 493 62LT 200 198 240 563 332 378 138LU 284 328 377 421 273 283 36

HU 912 1227 1423 1615 1628 08MT 174 124 120 147 184 201 92NL 8550 9708 1 1129 1 6598 1 7722 1 7981 15AT 5464 6327 6277 7279 7882 7999 15PL 9290 8030 1 0912 1 9351 2 4061 2 5315 52PT 2163 3459 5884 4980 4860 5015 32RO 3277 2392 1974 852 1073 1129 52

SI 85 112 487 910 958 1003 47SK 818 456 564 596 808 887 97FI 1595 1934 3018 4868 5682 5811 23

SE 2642 3101 4531 5702 6186 6326 23UK 7140 9710 1 2350 1 2644 1 2402 1 2531 10AL 69 38 72 240 310 331 68

ME 37 42 134MK 17 78 86 101 164RS 160 379 632 642 17TR 8199 1 0113 1 4411 2 3895 2 8285 2 9384 39IS 19 23 42 97 103 104 09

NO 1586 2016 2575 3155 3452 3543 26CH 6885 7127 7480 7908 8526 8699 20

LI 26 31 37 42 43 26

Notes Stock at end of year except for BE 1 August CH 30 September LI 1 July National vehicle stock data do not always include all powered two-wheelers and are therefore not fully comparable between countries Tricycles and quads are sometimes included in the data Break in time series due to inclusion of mopeds from 2001 in ES from 2002 in SI and HR from 2004 in LV from 2005 in PL from 2007 in LT from 2011 in EE

265 RoadPOWERED TWO-WHEELERS

91Sources Associat ion des constructeurs europeacuteens d rsquoautomobi les (ACEA) nat ional sources est imates ( in i ta l ics)

NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS1 000

2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016CHANGE

lsquo15rsquo16

EU-28 15 1943 13 4382 12 5572 13 7134 14 6476 68BE 5152 4801 5473 4829 5011 5393 76BG 327 156 212 243 275 132CZ 1517 1696 1923 2309 2597 125DK 1127 1469 1536 1886 2070 2229 77DE 3 3783 3 3193 2 9163 3 0368 3 2060 3 3516 45EE 196 103 211 210 230 93IE 2308 1717 884 963 1248 1467 175

EL 2902 2697 1415 712 758 789 40ES 1 3813 1 5289 9820 8553 1 0342 1 1470 109FR 2 1339 2 0678 2 2517 1 7959 1 9172 2 0152 51HR 924 1021 462 340 357 441 235

IT 2 4231 2 2374 1 9616 1 3606 1 5691 1 8244 163CY 82 192 151 83 101 125 237LV 166 64 125 138 164 188LT 105 80 145 171 203 188LU 419 485 497 498 465 507 92

HU 1990 435 675 772 966 251MT 66 41 65 71 73 30NL 5976 4652 4826 3876 4489 3828 - 147AT 3094 3079 3286 3033 3086 3296 68PL 2355 3335 3254 3524 4179 186PT 2578 2065 2235 1428 1785 2073 162

RO (1) 1725 1063 702 812 949 170SI 593 611 540 597 590 - 12

SK 571 640 723 780 882 131FI 1346 1479 1073 1063 1088 1189 92

SE 2905 2743 2897 3039 3451 3723 79UK 2 2217 2 4397 2 0308 2 4764 2 6335 2 6928 23AL

ME 86 130 137 159 161MK 159 493 298 293 303 35RS 1054 1126 1363 210TR 4068 4856 5858 7464 7461 00IS 136 181 31 95 140 185 319

NO 974 1099 1278 1442 1507 1546 26CH 3165 2649 2925 3001 3217 3155 - 19

Notes (1) Data for Romania refers to sales (APIA) 2016 figures are provisional For registrations see ACAROM figures at wwwaceabe

RoadPASSENGER CARS

266

92Sources Association des constructeurs europeacuteens drsquoautomobiles (ACEA)

national sources

NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONSLIGHT COMMERCIAL

VEHICLES COMMERCIAL

VEHICLES HEAVY COMMERCIAL

VEHICLES

lt35 t gt35 t amp lt16 t gt16 t

2015 2016 CHA

NG

E lsquo1

5rsquo1

6

2015 2016 CHA

NG

E lsquo1

5rsquo1

6

2015 2016 CHA

NG

E lsquo1

5rsquo1

6

EU-28 1 723 535 1 924 440 117BE 63 856 70 849 110 2 374 2 495 51 6 992 8 243 179BG 13 665 12 591 -79 (1) (1) (1) (1)CZ 17 272 19 236 114 1 830 1 635 -107 9 556 10 227 70DK 32 456 36 624 128 390 506 297 4 363 4 593 53DE 237 922 258 119 85 27 765 27 180 -21 61 958 65 278 54EE 3 897 4 353 117 53 39 -264 714 839 175IE 23 403 27 514 176 759 937 235 1 491 2 103 410

EL 5 652 5 623 -05 185 116 -373 280 205 -268ES 154 795 172 191 112 3 178 3 759 183 19 390 21 087 88FR 377 741 408 545 82 5 925 6 557 107 36 855 41 600 129HR 6 843 8 316 215 228 268 175 749 1 057 411

IT 133 680 199 534 493 3 318 4 641 399 12 011 16 515 375CY 1 442 1 764 223 36 58 611 11 12 91LV 2 348 2 218 -55 76 57 -250 1 179 1 531 299LT 2 369 2 791 178 105 113 76 3 497 5 891 685LU 3 949 4 593 163 147 143 -27 1 005 1 145 139

HU 17 516 21 335 218 471 475 08 5 231 5 038 -37MT 608 742 220 (1) (1) (1) (1)NL 57 376 70 025 220 1 602 1 771 105 12 478 13 949 118AT 32 852 35 906 93 830 842 14 6 461 7 150 107PL 50 307 56 926 132 2 127 2 108 -09 20 303 24 522 208PT 30 858 34 862 130 577 549 -49 3 464 4 008 157RO 11 356 14 372 266 347 402 159 5 778 7 630 321

SI 6 639 7 738 166 164 184 122 1 743 2 208 267SK 7 289 7 459 23 368 474 288 4 079 4 138 14FI 11 522 13 678 187 548 651 188 2 122 2 598 224

SE 44 799 51 647 153 607 560 -77 4 849 5 960 229UK 371 123 374 889 10 11 652 7 739 -336 36 238 16 939 -533

IS 1 269 1 624 280 104 132 269 116 186 603NO 33 235 36 002 83 1 321 1 610 219 3 894 4 378 124CH 33 526 33 250 -08 1 026 1 138 109 3 390 3 345 -13

Notes (1) Data included under lsquoLight commercial vehiclesrsquo CY vehicle classification corresponds to lsquolightrsquo lsquoheavyrsquo and lsquoroad tractorsrsquo goods conveyance vehicles

267 RoadGOODS VEHICLES

93Sources Associat ion des constructeurs europeacuteens d rsquoautomobi les (ACEA) Eurostat nat ional sources

NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONSLIGHT BUSES amp

COACHESBUSES amp COACHES

HEAVY BUSES amp COACHES

TOTALlt35 t gt35 t amp lt16 t gt16 t

2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 CHA

NG

E lsquo1

5rsquo1

6

EU-28 46 713 38 896 -167BE 0 0 288 217 635 450 923 667 -277BG 332 506 (1) (1) (1) (1) 332 506 524CZ 5 2 189 151 1 159 850 1 353 1 003 -259DK 474 539 281 309 169 157 924 1 005 88DE 19 11 1 174 1 097 4 945 5 575 6 138 6 683 89EE 1 0 125 112 106 59 232 171 -263IE 0 26 61 136 303 337 364 499 371

EL 71 87 19 28 32 75 122 190 557ES 0 694 848 1 923 2 452 2 617 3 300 261FR 0 0 1 478 1 424 5 867 5 169 7 345 6 593 -102HR 4 0 67 59 62 123 133 182 368

IT 40 33 850 1 268 1 549 1 379 2 439 2 680 99CY 82 55 (1) (1) (1) (1) 37 55 486LV 0 0 123 138 119 43 242 181 -252LT 0 0 166 213 29 50 195 263 349LU 0 0 17 24 234 172 251 196 -219

HU 7 4 138 117 401 290 546 411 -247MT 34 32 143 33 2 0 179 65 -637NL 0 53 233 291 607 344 840 1442AT 3 2 106 135 790 906 899 1 043 160PL 4 298 3 1 398 1 068 5 696 1 071 -812PT 5 0 101 148 146 222 252 370 468RO 43 12 2 251 1 007 181 106 2 475 1 125 -545

SI 2 1 75 61 88 127 165 189 145SK 379 364 (1) (1) 378 363 -40FI 2 6 276 315 246 264 524 585 116

SE 3 334 333 996 997 1 330 1 333 02UK 2 094 1 069 5 689 4 614 2 495 1 644 10 278 7 327 -287

IS 72 144 7 21 31 89 110 254 1309NO 50 73 380 342 540 983 970 1 398 441CH 386 169 148 165 589 480 1 123 814 -275

Note (1) Figures included in other categories

RoadBUSES AND COACHES

268

94Sources Associat ion des constructeurs europeacuteens de motocycles (ACEM)

Eurostat nat ional sources est imates ( in i ta l ics)

1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015CHANGE

lsquo14rsquo15

EU-28 1 3371 1 0992 8099 8950 105BE 253 250 264 207 216 43BG 12 06 09 06 08 192CZ 69 39 76 54 124 134 79DK 23 33 58 31 19 24 248DE 2182 2526 1687 1223 1416 1517 71EE 01 03 05 04 05 89IE 38 24 11 04 10 1839

EL 640 831 615 310 325 49ES 720 2056 1353 1115 1325 189FR 1796 1966 2316 1533 1532 -01HR 67 29 25 15 -385

IT 5246 4205 3204 1564 1721 100CY 25 31 19 17 -120LV 04 03 06 06 10LT 04 17 02 03 03 00LU 10 13 13 16 17 17 -46

HU 125 32 18 21 146MT 04 06 11 14 206NL 178 196 168 152 107 117 95AT 187 238 191 214 252 249 -10PL 38 87 98 239 1423PT 121 177 112 189 153 176 148RO 08 57 05 06 219

SI 12 25 27 17 19 87SK 12 23 31 53 715FI 52 92 95 35 32 -89

SE 184 228 132 84 94 125UK 1219 1081 813 915 1057 155AL

ME 06 07 270MK 10 05 01 32 26 24 -64RS 80 41 35 -147TR 2277 1356 1782 1628 -86IS 02 11

NO 62 70 68 97 430CH 306 402 382 436 477 94

Notes CY new and used IT all two-wheelers over 50cc

269 RoadMOTORCYCLES

95

NEW VEHICLE DELIVERIES1 000

2000 2005 2010 2014 2015CHANGE lsquo14 lsquo15

EU-28 6466 3677 3449 -62BE 332 173 142 109 124 132BG 21 11 21 11 08 -251CZ 80 29 18 15 -167DK 98 49 165 76 69 -94DE 1087 973 649 342 326 -46EE 80 00 07 07 -85IE 30 08 02 01 02 610

EL 192 241 189 81 75 -69ES 2486 1151 342 148 160 77FR 1923 1549 1445 982 896 -87HR 132 64 34 26 -230

IT 3118 1283 884 284 246 -132CY 21 05 02 02 -218LV 06 10 12 10 -176LT 12 09 07 -211LU 05 05 07 10 09 -83

HU 36 32 33 11MT 00 00 500NL 669 409 937 629 659 48AT 213 277 249 152 138 -94PL 233 722 407 304 -253PT 150 46 23 26 120RO 11 07 -395

SI 31 35 22 23 32SK 20 18 07 06 -240FI 64 209 179 72 70 -32

SE 100 154 133 87 107 230UK 482 247 145 106 94 -115AL

MEMKRS 88 49 32 -354TR 15 18 23 288IS

NO 119 81 74 74 -04CH 194 31 31 09 08 -40

Note CY new and used

Sources Associat ion des constructeurs europeacuteens de motocycles (ACEM) national sources est imates ( in i tal ics) Offic ial stat ist ics on mopeds are often unavai lable therefore data and est imates should be considered as indicat ive

RoadMOPEDS

2610

96Source ISL based on updates from Clarkson Research Serv ices L imited (CRSL)

SHIPS OF 1 000 gt AND OVERON 1 JANUARY 2016

TOTAL FLEET CONTROLLED

NATIONAL FLAG (1)

FOREIGN FLAG (INCLUDING OTHER EU)

OF FOREIGN FLAG IN TOTAL FLEET

Number mio dwt Number mio dwt Number mio dwt Number mio dwt

EU-28 13 340 625711 3 300 139348 10 040 486366

BE 196 20068 66 7186 130 12883 663 642

BG 70 1276 14 0103 56 1173 800 919

CZ - - - - - - - -

DK 862 37726 329 15774 533 21953 618 582

DE 3 456 120793 217 11251 3 239 109542 937 907

EE 64 0245 10 0018 54 0227 844 927

IE 86 1433 31 0287 55 1146 640 800

EL 4 439 324406 750 68784 3 689 255622 831 788

ES 176 2450 90 0501 86 1949 489 796

FR 281 10901 115 3122 166 7779 591 714

HR 92 2731 58 1640 34 1091 370 399

IT 1 085 46329 482 14515 603 31814 556 687

CY 151 5315 51 1676 100 3639 662 685

LV 54 0951 10 0047 44 0905 815 952

LT 56 0338 19 0168 37 0170 661 503

LU - - - - - - - -

HU - - - - - - - -

MT 29 0273 22 0145 7 0128 241 469

NL 908 10764 637 5563 271 5201 298 483

AT 6 0043 - - 6 0043 1000 1000

PL 107 2437 8 0026 99 2411 925 989

PT 39 0952 18 0085 21 0867 538 911

RO 80 0883 2 0024 78 0859 975 973

SI 4 0018 - - 4 0018 1000 1000

SK - - - - - - - -

FI 107 1884 74 0824 33 1060 308 563

SE 331 6417 84 1068 247 5349 746 834

UK 661 27078 213 6541 448 20537 678 758

AL 22 0082 12 0039 10 0043 455 524

ME 6 0143 4 0140 2 0003 333 21

MK - - - - - - - -

RS - - - - - - - -

TR 1 532 28827 548 8196 984 20632 642 716

IS 19 0119 1 0000 18 0118 947 992

NO 1 605 64029 497 15796 1 108 48233 690 753

CH 196 9110 49 1700 147 7410 750 813

Notes (1) Including international registers like NIS and DIS Including vessels registered at territorial dependencies

Russia 1449 ships 21054 mio dwt Monaco 44 ships 2772 mio dwt Ukraine 361 ships 3554 mio dwt Gibraltar 7 ships 0032 mio dwt

2611 SeaEU MERCHANT FLEET

97Sources ISL up to 2011 based on quarter ly updates from IHS Fairp lay s ince 2012 on Clarkson Research Serv ices L imited (CRSL)

TOTAL CONTROLLED FLEET BY WORLD REGIONdwt (million)

On 1 January

World region 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016

Europe () 311246 350136 400947 518276 739100 773535

of which EU-28 () 223564 257975 316850 432246 600143 625711

North America 51024 49413 45414 50539 82881 91419

Latin America 18691 15679 14422 30867 29608 26721

Asia Oceania 246722 292722 361311 532446 805594 819712

Africa 6742 7121 5142 6981 13451 13689

Unknown 37956 38115 52687 86555 4561 7385

TOTAL 672381 753226 879923 1 225665 1 652479 1 707066

SHARE OF EU IN TOTAL AND OF FOREIGN FLAG IN EU

EU-28 () control of total 332 342 360 353 363 367

EU-28 Foreign flag share () 565 681 678 694 755 777

Notes Only ships of 1 000 gt and over () In this table Europe includes EU-28 EFTA Monaco Gibraltar Andorra Turkey

Western Balkan countries Russia Ukraine and Moldavia () EU-28 since 2012 () Foreign flag share includes ships registered by EU countries in other EU countries

Sea ndash WORLD MERCHANT FLEETBY WORLD REGION

2612a

98

FOR TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND PASSENGERS FLEET BY TYPE OF SHIP AND COUNTRY OF DOMICILEON 1 JANUARY 2016 NUMBERS AND DEADWEIGHT

Number dwt (1 000)

(ships of 1 000 gt and over) WORLD EU-28 WORLD EU-28

TOTAL FLEET 41 822 13 340 32 1 707 066 625 711 37

Tankers 11 511 3 514 31 597 131 217 969 37

OF WHICH Crude oil and oil product tankers 5 402 1 461 27 441 854 158 768 36

Oil chemical tankers 4 564 1 604 35 101 033 45 576 45

Liquid gas tankers 1 545 449 29 54 244 13 625 25

Bulk carriers 10 507 3 123 30 752 104 233 550 31

Container ships 5 226 2 768 53 244 165 140 298 57

General cargo 12 383 3 198 26 107 566 31 514 29

OF WHICH Conventional cargo 8 647 2 099 24 47 462 13 471 28

Special cargo () 1 380 513 37 36 340 10 939 30

Pure car carriers 781 105 13 12 358 1 527 12

Reefer 697 197 28 4 353 1 819 42

Ro-Ro cargo 878 284 32 7 052 3 758 53

Passenger and passenger cargo 2 195 737 34 6 110 2 382 39

FOR TRANSPORT OF GOODS AND PASSENGERS CARGO SHIPS CRUISE SHIPS BY REGISTERED FLAG NUMBERS AND GROSS TONS

Number gt (1 000)

(ships of 300 gt and over) WORLD EU-28 WORLD EU-28

ON 1 JANUARY 2016 TOTAL 4 316 1 295 30 37 374 15 797 42

Cargo passenger and Ro-Ro passenger ships 2 641 875 33 17 180 9 448 55

Passenger (not Ro-Ro) 1 675 420 25 20 194 6 349 31

UP TO DECEMBER 2016 () Cruise ships by registered flag (ships of 1 000 gt and over) 301 97 32 19 759 6 316 32

Notes () Including open hatch carriers () No deadweight figure is given for cruise ships since dwt is a measure of the weight admissible in the vessel Ro-Ro vehicles roll on to embark vehicles roll off to disembark Reefer refrigerated ships

Source Inst i tute for Shipping Economics and Logist ics Bremen

2612b Sea ndash WORLD MERCHANT FLEETBY TYPE OF SHIP

99Source Ascend

NUMBER OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT IN SERVICEON 31 DECEMBER 2016 PASSENGER AIRCRAFT

50 seats or less

51 to 150 seats

151 to 250 seats

251 seats and more TOTAL

EU-28 286 1 203 2 060 604 4 148BE 1 39 26 11 77BG 6 13 12 1 32CZ 5 13 11 1 30DK 20 35 40 5 100DE 18 177 318 120 633EE 4 2 6IE 3 43 405 10 461

EL 13 16 46 75ES 8 118 174 63 363FR 51 133 111 99 394HR 11 3 14

IT 70 74 32 176CY 2 2 1LV 2 28 9 39LT 4 7 6 17LU 12 4 16

HU 2 75 77MT 5 2 5 1 13NL 8 71 71 61 211AT 1 46 47 5 99PL 6 36 20 7 69PT 8 42 34 27 111RO 7 27 15 49

SI 8 13 21SK 8 8FI 33 23 17 73

SE 22 45 10 2 79UK 86 167 510 142 905AL

MEMKRSTR 26 377 69 472IS 9 3 35 5 52

NO 31 50 142 20 243CH 26 39 93 8 166

LI

Notes More than 30 000 small private planes not included In this table blank means none

AirPASSENGER AIRCRAFT

2613

100Source Ascend

NUMBER OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT IN SERVICEON 31 DECEMBER 2016

FREIGHT CARGO

QUICK-CHANGE

CONVERTIBLE

SPEC

IAL

PU

RPO

SE

AM

BULA

NCE

BUSI

NES

S

CORP

ORA

TE

EXEC

UTI

VE

under 100 000 lbs

mtow

over 100 000 lbs

mtow(passcargo)

Multi-role

EU-28 156 212 30 183 2 037BE 25 59BG 6 5 2 13CZ 7 47DK 2 16 5 1 66DE 9 59 34 406EE 9 1 7IE 23 4 32

EL 5 2 21ES 36 9 6 10 78FR 13 5 42 137HR 2 7

IT 1 4 1 28 86CY 7LV 6 4LT 1 1 10LU 22 6 79

HU 4 5 1 1 8MT 1 1 154NL 4 4 25AT 7 206PL 12 2 6 28PT 2 117RO 1 6

SI 1 16SK 2 3 11FI 3 8

SE 39 2 1 6 39UK 3 41 8 13 360AL

MEMK 1RSTR 19 27 93IS 9 1

NO 9CH 13 7 129

LI 2

Notes Special purpose Ambulance contains data about Hospital Ambulance Medevac and Special Role Operations Mission aircraft mtow maximum take-off weight In this table blank means none

2614 AirFREIGHT SPECIAL BUSINESS AIRCRAFT

101Source Union Internat ionale des Chemins de Fer est imates ( in i ta l ics)

STOCK OF VEHICLES

EU-28 66 278 47 923 59 851 63 753 62 052 -27BE 1 727 1 670 1 518 1 341 1 188 1 188 00BG 1 119 762 669 624 313 440 406CZ 3 596 3 163 2 258 2 262 2 212 -22DK 524 415 464 495 501 323 -355DE 14 437 9 656 7 742 15 613 16 693 16 613 -05EE 300 196 344 374 368 358 -27IE 166 172 412 572 620 570 -81

EL 400 244 289 306 308 308 00ES 1 922 1 693 1 946 1 732 1 959 1 634 -166FR 7 279 7 158 7 354 6 768 5 747 5 560 -33HR 563 480 377 284 301 298 -10

IT 4 818 4 697 4 674 4 494 3 285 2 631 -199CY - - - - - - -LV 739 433 358 196 205 204 -05LT 389 419 365 275 250 240 -40LU 97 124 145 91 43 43 00

HU 2 040 1 453 1 385 1 275 1 229 1 225 -03MT - - - - - - -NL 2 372 1 965 2 078 2 411 2 851 2 780 -25AT 1 543 1 530 1 500 1 233 1 548 1 541 -05PL 6 801 5 293 5 828 5 657 5 615 5 526 -16PT 530 589 439 275 309 231 -252RO 4 515 3 440 2 186 2 229 2 302 2 329 12

SI 358 300 261 267 405 401 -10SK 1 570 1 204 1 035 1 029 978 -50FI 669 735 702 644 659 650 -14

SE 1 350 1 032 1 377 1 927 2 416 2 422 02UK 5 610 3 177 10 710 11 347 11 347 00AL

ME - - - - - - -MK 92 101 73 63 53 53 00RS 485 335 -309TR 897 849 735 673 817 851 42IS - - - - - - -

NO 502 299 289 544 712 845 187CH 1 254 1 528 2 198 1 745 1 632 1 694 38

Notes Data relates to main railways (UIC members) From 2010 a new split between lsquorailcarsrsquo and lsquotrainsetrsquo has been introduced by UIC Values on this table consider the declared values of locomotives (diesel + electric) and railcars (diesel + electric)

DE includes DE-E 1990 = 6 331 CS 1990 = 6 010

RailLOCOMOTIVES AND RAILCARS

2615

102Sources Union Internat ionale des Chemins de Fer Eurostat nat ional stat ist ics est imates ( in i ta l ics)

STOCK OF COACHES RAILCARS AND TRAILERS

EU-28 110 861 101 768 104 906 102 815 96 257 -64BE 3 286 3 494 3 251 3 412 2 345 2 345 00BG 2 386 2 099 1 558 1 369 759 756 -04CZ 5 252 4 895 4 514 4 363 4 139 -51DK 1 594 1 590 1 473 1 307 2 029 2 209 89DE 24 139 21 097 20 169 18 565 21 217 18 990 -105EE 596 241 234 217 280 280 00IE 314 421 581 592 653 653 00

EL 810 505 564 718 724 724 00ES 3 839 3 765 5 239 5 665 5 418 4 336 -200FR 15 748 15 656 15 879 16 890 17 556 17 335 -13HR 1 052 720 579 523 529 545 30

IT 14 025 11 914 10 066 12 465 9 492 6 479 -317CY - - - - - - -LV 1 226 702 490 238 238 374 571LT 664 563 467 337 234 217 -73LU 114 149 185 214 210 210 00

HU 4 385 3 232 2 787 3 136 2 499 2 495 -02MT - - - - - - -NL 2 268 2 742 852 2 824 2 849 2 791 -20AT 3 689 3 468 3 112 2 974 2 664 2 646 -07PL 11 928 9 761 8 843 7 885 7 406 7 409 00PT 1 232 1 303 1 125 965 980 977 -03RO 6 352 6 234 3 310 3 037 2 329 2 329 00

SI 606 461 401 355 355 349 -17SK 2 273 1 808 1 530 1 395 1 406 08FI 957 1 003 1 084 1 071 1 181 1 101 -68

SE 1 747 1 748 1 882 2 352 2 806 2 858 19UK 10 468 10 934 11 751 12 304 12 304 00AL

ME - - - - - - -MK 175 164 125 64 68 67 -15RS 732 882 205TR 1 443 1 415 1 312 1 342 1 307 1 467 122IS - - - - - - -

NO 900 918 191 210 383 384 03CH 4 136 3 333 4 293 4 949 4 865 5 245 78

Notes Data relate to main railways (UIC members) DE includes DE-E 1990 = 9 635 CS 1990 = 8 597

2616 RailPASSENGER TRANSPORT VEHICLES

103Sources Union Internat ionale des Chemins de Fer Eurostat nat ional stat ist ics (own est imates in i ta l ics )

STOCK OF VEHICLES

1990 2000 2005 2010 () 2014 () 2015 ()EU-28

BE 30 332 18 790 17 375 11 612 11 612 11 612BG 42 459 29 720 16 511 11 751 5 325 4 572CZ 58 524 44 545 27 416 25 965 25 863DK 4 632 2 236DE 366 724 189 558 158 247 108 840 91 787 88 066EE 5 857 18 971 17 575 21 188 21 501IE 1 830 1 856 926 502 450 449

EL 10 967 3 453 3 491 3 158 3 184 3 184ES 37 687 26 452 23 842 14 337 13 702 11 353FR 148 100 94 789 95 738 25 314 15 017 14 052HR 13 720 9 986 7 330 6 674 5 518 5 519

IT 99 728 70 115 45 730 30 331 20 515 20 270CY - - - - - -LV 11 085 9 146 8 871 9 033 12 420 11 888LT 12 860 13 155 13 192 9 238 8 784 8 574LU 2 719 2 626 3 222 4 147 3 255 3 255

HU 23 528 19 130 11 357 9 509 8 916MT - - - - - -NL 6 697 4 700AT 34 330 23 970 22 655 28 605 18 544 17 569PL 275 582 130 116 103 234 89 270 87 538 86 364PT 4 579 4 162 3 495 3 194 3 283 3 283RO 166 086 117 982 65 175 72 605 35 899 36 858

SI 8 692 6 258 4 465 3 211 3 148 3 049SK 26 975 25 515 15 260 14 970 15 533FI 15 200 12 630 11 216 10 464 9 078 8 854

SE 27 470 17 596 16 637 15 166UK 34 403AL

ME - - - - - -MK 1 525 1 144 1 011 1 161RS 8 486 8 486TR 21 941 17 872 17 499 17 773 18 967 19 077IS - - - - - -

NOCH 27 104 19 894 18 339 8 794 6 816 6 458

Notes Data relate to main railways (UIC members) () Not including private-owners vehicles not fully comparable with data from previous years

DE includes DE-E 1990 = 163 158

RailGOODS TRANSPORT WAGONS

2617

104Sources From 1991 CARE database (DG Mobi l i ty and Transport )

Internat ional Transport Forum nat ional sources 1990 IRTAD (OECD)

1990 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015CHANGE 14 15

CHANGE 01 15

EU-28 77 337 57 082 45 943 31 506 25 974 26 134 07 -524 BE 1 976 1 470 1 089 840 727 732 07 -507 BG 1 567 1 012 957 776 661 708 71 -300 CZ 1 291 1 486 1 286 802 688 734 67 -449 DK 634 498 331 255 182 178 -22 -587 DE 11 046 7 503 5 361 3 648 3 377 3 459 24 -504 EE 436 204 170 79 78 67 -141 -663 IE 478 418 400 212 193 166 -140 -597

EL 2 050 2 037 1 658 1 258 795 793 -03 -578 ES 9 032 5 777 4 442 2 479 1 688 1 689 01 -694 FR 11 215 8 079 5 318 3 992 3 384 3 461 23 -576 HR 1 360 655 597 426 308 348 130 -462

IT 7 151 7 061 5 818 4 114 3 381 3 428 14 -517 CY 116 111 102 60 45 57 267 -418 LV 947 635 442 218 212 188 -113 -663 LT 933 641 773 299 267 242 -94 -657 LU 70 76 47 32 35 36 29 -486

HU 2 432 1 200 1 278 740 626 644 29 -480 MT 4 15 17 13 10 11 100 -313 NL 1 376 1 082 750 537 477 531 113 -465 AT 1 391 976 768 552 430 479 114 -500 PL 7 333 6 294 5 444 3 908 3 202 2 938 -82 -469 PT 2 646 1 877 1 247 937 638 593 -71 -645 RO 3 782 2 466 2 629 2 377 1 818 1 893 41 -227

SI 517 314 258 138 108 120 111 -568 SK 731 628 606 371 291 310 65 -495 FI 649 396 379 272 229 266 162 -386

SE 772 591 440 266 270 259 -41 -556 UK 5 402 3 580 3 336 1 905 1 854 1 804 -27 -499 AL 280 307 352 264 270 23 -91

ME 95 65 51 -215 MK 162 143 162 130 148 138 383 RS 656 536 601 121 TR 6 317 5 510 4 505 4 045 3 524 7 530 -IS 24 32 19 8 4 16 3000 -333

NO 332 341 224 208 147 123 -163 -553 CH 954 592 409 328 243 253 41 -535

Note Persons killed are all persons deceased within 30 days of the accident Corrective factors have been applied to the figures which did not follow this definition As of 2015 TR includes people deceased within 30 days after the accident (break in series)

27 TRANSPORT - SAFETY

271 Road Fatalities

105Sources Tables 1 5 2 3 4 2 6 2 2 7 1 and est imates as wel l as nat ional stat ist ics for powered two-wheeler pkm

FATALITIES2015

per million inhabitants per 10 billion pkm

per million passenger cars

MT 25 SE 23 MT 41SE 26 UK 27 SE 56

UK 28 DK 31 UK 58DK 31 IE 32 NL 66NL 31 DE 37 DK 75IE 35 NL 37 ES 76

ES 36 FI 39 DE 77DE 42 MT 43 FI 82FI 49 SI 46 IE 84

EE 51 FR 47 IT 92EU-28 51 IT 48 LU 95

FR 52 LU 48 EE 101AT 55 ES 51 AT 101IT 56 EE 52 EU-28 104

SK 57 EU-28 54 FR 108PT 57 AT 60 SI 112SI 58 BE 68 CY 118

LU 63 PT 69 BE 130BE 65 EL 76 PT 131

HU 65 CY 90 PL 144CY 67 LT 94 CZ 148CZ 70 CZ 100 EL 154EL 73 SK 109 SK 156PL 77 HU 115 LT 198HR 83 BG 122 HU 204LT 83 HR 131 BG 229LV 95 LV 133 HR 234

RO 96 PL 144 LV 281BG 99 RO 202 RO 376

Notes Fatalities all fatalities on the road car drivers and passengers bus and coach occupants powered two-wheelersrsquo riders and passengers cyclists pedestrians commercial vehicle drivers etc indicated in table 271 for 2015 Pkm indicator of traffic volume (in the absence of consistent vehicle-kilometre data) passenger-kilometres of cars indicated in table 234 for 2015 plus (mostly estimated) passenger-kilometres of motorised two-wheelers Inhabitants the average population at 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2016Passenger cars the average stock of vehicles indicated in table 262 for 2014 and 2015

TRANSPORT - SAFETY

Road Fatalities Country Rankings 272

106Source CARE database (DG Mobi l i ty and Transport ) nat ional sources

YEAR

TOTA

L

DRI

VER

PASS

ENG

ER

PED

ESTR

IAN

PED

ESTR

IAN

AS

A

O

F TO

TAL

BE 2015 724 539 93 92 127

BG 2009 901 436 267 198 220

CZ 2015 734 458 126 150 204

DK 2015 178 127 24 27 152

DE 2015 3 459 2 484 430 545 158

EE 2015 66 28 14 24 364

IE 2013 188 124 33 31 165

EL 2015 793 545 120 128 161

ES 2015 1 689 1 048 274 367 217

FR 2015 3 459 2 371 622 466 135

HR 2015 348 225 62 61 175

IT 2015 3 428 2 349 477 602 176

CY 2015 57 33 8 16 281

LV 2015 188 85 40 63 335

LT 2015 240 103 56 81 338

LU 2015 36 26 3 7 194

HU 2015 644 353 142 149 231

MT 2015 11 4 2 5 455

NL 2015 494 403 31 60 121

AT 2015 479 332 63 84 175

PL 2015 2 938 1 484 539 915 311

PT 2015 593 363 84 146 246

RO 2015 1 893 800 444 649 343

SI 2015 119 83 20 16 134

SK 2010 371 170 75 126 340

FI 2015 266 191 43 32 120

SE 2014 270 178 40 52 193

UK 2015 1 804 1 106 271 427 237

Notes Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident In this table the totals exclude the victims labelled as lsquoUnknownrsquo lsquoDriverrsquo includes cyclists

TRANSPORT - SAFETY

273a Road Fatalities BY TYPE OF USER

YEAR

TOTA

L

CAR

AND

TAX

I

BUS

OR

COAC

H

HEA

VY G

OO

DS

VE

HIC

LE

LORR

Y

lt35

TO

NN

ES

MO

TORC

YCLE

MO

PED

AL C

YCLE

AGRI

CULT

URA

L TR

ACTO

R

OTH

ER O

R U

NKN

OW

N

BE 2015 640 361 4 16 37 100 19 83 4 16

BG 2009 703 570 5 33 - 48 5 29 1 12

CZ 2015 584 365 1 9 15 91 6 84 4 9

DK 2015 151 74 0 2 9 19 19 26 0 2

DE 2015 2 914 1 624 5 84 62 639 62 383 25 30

EE 2015 43 35 1 0 - 0 0 0 0 7

IE 2013 157 107 0 2 12 26 - 5 - 5

EL 2015 665 314 3 11 44 237 32 11 12 1

ES 2015 1 322 693 2 59 93 329 56 58 21 11

FR 2015 2 993 1 796 43 56 120 614 155 149 5 55

HR 2015 287 164 1 6 5 58 14 34 5 0

IT 2015 2 826 1 476 6 44 118 773 105 251 22 31

CY 2015 41 24 0 0 0 13 2 1 0 1

LV 2015 125 85 2 5 3 7 6 9 6 2

LT 2015 161 115 1 3 1 13 3 22 0 3

LU 2015 29 16 0 1 6 6 0 0 0 0

HU 2015 495 304 1 11 17 50 27 83 - 2

MT 2015 11 8 1 - - 2 - - - -

NL 2015 471 214 1 9 15 43 35 107 2 45

AT 2015 395 241 0 8 12 83 8 39 3 1

PL 2015 2 023 1 332 14 74 - 208 65 300 15 15

PT 2015 447 214 8 10 46 73 42 25 13 16

RO 2015 1 244 787 18 15 77 55 34 162 7 89

SI 2015 104 38 0 1 0 25 1 14 2 23

SK 2010 245 171 0 19 1 27 - 27 - 0

FI 2015 234 156 0 4 13 20 2 30 5 4

SE 2014 218 122 2 5 8 31 8 33 0 9

UK 2015 1 377 798 7 33 34 361 8 100 7 29

Note Persons deceased within 30 days of their accident

TRANSPORT - SAFETY

Road Fatalities of Vehicle OccupantsBY TYPE OF VEHICLE

273b

108

NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS INVOLVING PERSONAL INJURY 1 000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 CHA

NG

E 1

4 1

5

EU-28 1 502077 1 433020 1 505653 1 341981 1 130398 1 080756 1 090042 09

BE 62446 50744 49065 49307 40569 41481 40303 -28BG 6478 7435 6886 8224 6610 7015 7226 30CZ 21910 28746 25445 25239 19675 21054 21561 24DK 9155 8373 7346 5413 3498 2881 2853 -10DE 389350 388003 382949 336618 288297 302435 305659 11EE 2099 1644 1504 2341 1347 1436 1391 -31IE 6067 8117 7749 6533 5779 5405 5459 10

EL 19609 22798 23001 16914 15032 11690 11440 -21ES 101507 83586 101729 91187 85503 91570 97756 68FR 162573 132949 121223 84525 67288 58191 56600 -27HR 14471 12668 14430 15679 13274 10323 11038 69

IT 161782 182761 256546 240011 212997 177031 174539 -14CY 3172 3052 2411 1382 1198 0758 0660 -129LV 4325 4056 4482 9310 3193 3728 3692 -10LT 5135 4144 5807 6772 3530 3256 3031 -69LU 1216 1145 0899 0775 0787 0908 0983 83

HU 27801 19817 17493 20777 16308 15847 16333 31MT 0238 0969 1253 0848 0577 1449 1380 -48NL 44892 42641 42271 27007 10778 13358 18523 387AT 46338 38956 42126 40896 35348 37957 37960 00PL 50532 56904 57331 48100 38832 34970 32967 -57PT 45110 48339 44463 37066 35426 30604 31955 44RO 9708 9119 7889 19819 25995 25355 28944 142

SI 5177 6567 8951 10509 7659 6168 6578 66SK 8236 8713 7884 7903 8119 5064 5172 21FI 10175 7812 6633 7020 6072 5324 5164 -30

SE 16975 15626 15770 18094 16627 13091 14672 121UK 265600 237336 242117 203712 160080 152407 146203 -41AL 0399 0428 0853 1564 1914 1992 41

ME 9138 5531 4944 -106MK 2300 2436 1667 2821 4223 3852 3854 01RS 14179 13638 13638 00TR 55771 66029 75201 87273 116804 168512 183011 86IS 0564 1057 0979 0671 0876 0805 0912 133

NO 8801 8625 8440 8078 6434 4972 4563 -82CH 23834 23030 23737 21706 19609 17803 17736 -04

Notes The definition of an accident involving personal injury differs from country to country RO only serious accidents before 2005

Sources CARE United Nat ions (Stat ist ics of road traff ic acc idents) nat ional stat ist ics (MT candidate countr ies) est imates ( in i ta l ics)

TRANSPORT - SAFETY

274 Road Accidents

109Sources European Union Agency for Railways (from 2006 onward for EU MS and NO and since 2009 for CH) Eurostat Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer national statistics

NUMBER OF RAILWAY PASSENGERS KILLED IN ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RAILWAY

1990 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015

EU-28 66 63 36 97 15 27BE 0 3 0 18 0 0 0 0BG 3 0 1 0 2 2CZ 1 4 2 2 0 2 6DK 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 0DE 50 38 7 0 3 0 0 3EE 0 0 0 0 1 0IE 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

EL 0 20 0 1 0 0 0 0ES 4 0 1 15 4 79 3 0FR 30 15 5 2 2 4 0 4HR 1 1 0 0 0 0

IT 9 8 22 7 2 2 1 2CY - - - - - - - -LV 0 0 0 0 0 0LT 0 0 0 0 0 0LU 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HU 33 11 6 3 3 4 3 3MT - - - - - - - -NL 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0AT 6 4 1 0 0 0 0 1PL 21 20 0 7 15 6 2 3PT 22 2 7 1 0 1 0 0RO 0 1 4 1 1 1 3

SI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0SK 0 0 0 1 0 0 0FI 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

SE 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0UK 37 20 8 0 0 0 0 0AL

ME 0 0 0MK 0 0 0 0 0 0RSTR 17 9 10 3 3 1 1 0IS - - - - - - - -

NO 4 32 0 0 0 0 0 0CH 8 2 3 0 0 0 1 0

TRANSPORT - SAFETY

Railway Fatalities 275

110

PERIODLives lost over EU-28

territory by any operatorLives lost by EU-28 operators anywhere

1990 0 471991 41 2781992 154 1431993 16 161994 9 51995 133 1211996 20 41997 71 11998 19 621999 46 662000 113 1132001 122 1252002 101 252003 5 52004 0 02005 144 1252006 5 62007 0 02008 154 1542009 9 2282010 0 02011 6 62012 8 12013 0 02014 0 1202015 150 1502016 6 6

1970ndash1979yr 312 3281980ndash1989yr 179 1281990ndash1999yr 51 742000ndash2009yr 65 782010ndash2016yr 24 40

Notes Onboard fatalities and only those in aircraft with a take-off mass above 5 701 kgData include fatalities from Commercial Air Transport (passenger cargo air taxi ferrypositioning and emergency medical service) and fatalities from General Aviation (only lsquoBusinessrsquo flights)

Source European Aviat ion Safety Agency

TRANSPORT - SAFETY

276 AirLIVES LOST

111Source Inst i tute for Shipping Economics and Logist ics Bremen

YEAR TANKERSBULKERS AND

COMBINED CARRIERS OTHER SHIPSNdeg 1 000 gt Ndeg 1 000 gt Ndeg 1 000 gt

1996 13 58 14 247 59 294 1997 13 308 6 137 58 274 1998 5 26 11 160 62 323 1999 6 71 11 277 55 283 2000 10 173 21 394 68 248 2001 9 202 12 341 88 319 2002 10 119 10 234 77 454 2003 9 158 8 107 74 274 2004 18 104 6 103 62 277 2005 11 103 8 117 79 309 2006 11 35 9 397 70 294 2007 6 34 11 197 70 311 2008 9 105 7 105 55 259 2009 14 214 15 335 67 353 2010 12 35 16 431 82 375 2011 8 102 20 452 56 281 2012 12 93 4 83 43 314 2013 3 10 11 257 46 291 2014 6 17 2 43 46 267 2015 6 41 10 133 40 267

Note Reported world total losses at time of loss ships of 500 gt and over

TRANSPORT - SAFETY

SeaSHIPS LOST (WORLD)

277

112

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

P A R T 3

114

31 ENERGY 115

32 ENVIRONMENT 124

PART 3SUMMARY

ENERGY amp ENVIRONMENT

115

Conventional thermal power Technology for the production of electricity by combustion May or may

not include also biomass use which is also considered a renewable source of electricity

Energy Dependency Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon imports

in order to meet its energy needs It is calculated using the following formula net imports (gross inland consumption + bunkers)

Energy Intensity Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is

being used to produce added value It is defined as the ratio of Gross Inland Consumption of energy to Gross Domestic Product

Final Energy Consumption (FEC) Final energy consumption is the energy finally consumed in the transport

industrial commercial agricultural public and household sectors It excludes deliveries to the energy transformation sector and to the energy industries themselves

Gross Calorific Value (GCV) The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit quantity

of fuel when it is burned completely with oxygen and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature

This quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel

Gross Inland Consumption (GIC) Gross inland consumption is the quantity of energy consumed within the

borders of a country It is calculated using the following formula primary production + recovered products + imports + stock changes

ndash exports ndash bunkers (ie quantities supplied to sea-going ships)

Net Calorific Value (NCV) The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of

fuel when it is burned completely with oxygen and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature

This quantity does not include the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel nor of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel

Primary Energy Production Primary energy production is the extraction of energy from a natural source

The precise definition depends on the fuel involved

Solid fuels Hard coal lignite Quantities of fuels extracted or produced calculated after any operation

for removal of inert matter In general production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during the production process (eg for heating or operation of equipment and auxiliaries) as well as any quantities supplied to other on-site producers of energy for transformation or other uses

31ENERGY amp ENVIRONMENT - ENERGY

Glossary 311

116

Crude oil Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boundaries

including off-shore production Production includes only marketable production and excludes any quantities returned to formation Production includes all crude oil natural gas liquids (NGL) condensates and oil from shale and tar sands etc

Natural gas Quantities of dry gas measured after purification and extraction of

natural gas liquids and sulphur The production includes only marketable production and excludes any quantities re-injected vented and flared and any extraction losses The production includes all quantities used within the natural gas industry in gas extraction pipeline systems and processing plants

Nuclear heat Quantities of heat produced in a reactor Production is the actual heat

produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant

Hydropower Wind energy Solar photovoltaic energy Quantities of electricity generated Production is calculated on the basis

of the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of 3600 kJkWh

Geothermal energy Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids Production is

calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid disposed via the re-injection borehole

Biomass Wastes In the case of municipal solid wastes (MSW) wood wood wastes and

other solid wastes production is the heat produced after combustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel In the case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes production is the heat content (NCV) of the biogases produced The production includes all quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation processes and excludes all quantities of flared gases In the case of biofuels the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel

Pumping pumped storage Method for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by pumping

water between reservoirs at different altitudes

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Renewable energy includes hydroelectricity biomass wind solar tidal and

geothermal energy

Tonne of oil equivalent (toe) The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for measuring

energy defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net calorific value of 41 868 kilojouleskg

1 ktoe = 1 000 toe1 Mtoe = 1 000 000 toe

ENERGY amp ENVIRONMENT - ENERGY

311 Glossary

117

kJ (NCV) kgoe (NCV)

Hard coal 1 kg 17 200 ndash 30 700 0411 ndash 0733

Recovered hard coal 1 kg 13 800 ndash 28 300 0330 ndash 0676

Patent fuels 1 kg 26 800 ndash 31 400 0640 ndash 0750

Hard coke 1 kg 28 500 0681

Brown coal 1 kg 5 600 ndash 10 500 0134 ndash 0251

Black lignite 1 kg 10 500 ndash 21 000 0251 ndash 0502

Peat 1 kg 7 800 ndash 13 800 0186 ndash 0330

Brown coal briquettes 1 kg 20 000 0478

Tar 1 kg 37 700 0900

Benzol 1 kg 39 500 0943

Oil equivalent 1 kg 41 868 1

Crude oil 1 kg 41 600 ndash 42 800 0994 ndash 1022

Feedstocks 1 kg 42 500 1015

Refinery gas 1 kg 50 000 1194

LPG 1 kg 46 000 1099

Motor spirit 1 kg 44 000 1051

Kerosenes jet fuels 1 kg 43 000 1027

Naphtha 1 kg 44 000 1051

Gas diesel oil 1 kg 42 300 1010

Residual fuel oil 1 kg 40 000 0955

White spirit 1 kg 44 000 1051

Lubricants 1 kg 42 300 1010

Bitumen 1 kg 37 700 0900

Petroleum cokes 1 kg 31 400 0750

Other petro products 1 kg 30 000 0717

Electrical energy 1 kWh 3 600 0086

Average Calorific Values ndash Energy Content

312

118

ENERGY

FROM TO TJ Gcal Mtoe GWhTJ 1 2388 2388 x 10 -5 02778

Gcal 41868 x 10 -3 1 1 x 10 -7 1163 x 10 -3

Mtoe 41868 x 10 4 1 x 10 7 1 11 630

GWh 36 860 86 x 10 -5 1

VOLUME

FROM TO Barrel Litre US gallon UK gallonBarrel 1 15899 42 349723

Litre 06290 x 10 -2 1 02642 02200

US gallon 02381 x 10 -1 37854 1 08327

UK gallon 02859 x 10 -1 45461 12009 1

MASS

FROM TO Tonne Long ton Short tonTonne (t) 1 09842 11023

Long ton (lt) UK 10160 1 11200

Short ton (st) US 09072 08929 1

DECIMAL PREFIXES10 1 deca (da) 10 -1 deci (d)

10 2 hecto (h) 10 -2 centi (c)

10 3 kilo (k) 10 -3 milli (m)

10 6 mega (M) 10 -6 micro (micro)

10 9 giga (G) 10 -9 nano (n)

10 12 tera (T) 10 -12 pico (p)

10 15 peta (P) 10 -15 femto (f )

10 18 exa (E) 10 -18 atto (a)

313 Conversion Factors

119

Mtoe 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015Production () 9512 9693 9521 9146 8516 7883 7819

Solid fuels 3691 2798 2146 1962 1650 1502 1454Oil 1362 1808 1800 1425 1102 845 893Gas 1651 1915 2094 1907 1598 1175 1079Nuclear 2052 2273 2438 2575 2366 2261 2212Renewables 718 843 982 1199 1689 1975 2050Industrial waste 38 57 61 78 111 125 130

Net Imports 7555 7368 8271 9802 9537 8812 9021Solid fuels 812 784 983 1253 1117 1230 1124Oil 5345 5108 5330 5979 5575 5195 5349Gas 1357 1456 1935 2541 2780 2313 2473Electricity 39 18 20 14 06 13 12Renewables 02 03 03 15 58 59 60Other () 00 00 00 00 00 03 03

Gross Inland Consumption 1 6700 1 6750 1 7301 1 8309 1 7644 1 6078 1 6275Solid fuels 4547 3650 3213 3183 2833 2690 2627Oil 6321 6545 6622 6794 6109 5518 5601Gas 2981 3361 3962 4452 4471 3435 3579Nuclear 2052 2273 2438 2575 2366 2261 2212Renewables 721 846 985 1213 1748 2031 2110Other () 77 74 80 92 117 142 145

Elec Generation (TWh) 2 5952 2 7436 3 0358 3 3258 3 3661 3 1908 3 2343

Final Energy Consumption 1 0850 1 0828 1 1329 1 1923 1 1645 1 0617 1 0840by fuelproduct

Solid fuels 1243 830 619 540 501 462 463Oil 4489 4661 4905 5038 4585 4224 4296Gas 2309 2475 2676 2820 2723 2291 2363Electricity 1858 1941 2174 2394 2441 2324 2357Renewables 390 443 491 589 829 829 868Other () 560 479 464 541 567 486 493

by sectorINDUSTRY 3708 3316 3334 3281 2870 2740 2747TRANSPORT 2844 3068 3447 3693 3642 3526 3586

Rail 82 82 81 76 71 62 62Road 2385 2565 2838 3018 2996 2900 2940International aviation 242 295 386 434 430 442 458Domestic aviation 53 47 64 66 63 53 55Domestic navigation 65 62 60 68 59 42 45Consumption in pipeline transport etc 17 16 19 32 24 27 26

HOUSEHOLDS 2748 2855 2912 3092 3189 2645 2752AGRICULTURE 335 325 295 290 262 247 247SERVICES ETC 1215 1265 1341 1567 1682 1459 1508

CO2 Emissions (Mt) () 4 5305 4 2883 4 2802 4 4230 4 0638 3 6064 3 6406Energy intensity (toeMeuro 10) 186 174 155 149 138 122 120CO2 intensity (tCO2toe) 271 256 247 242 230 224 224Import dependency 443 431 467 521 526 534 540RES share in transport () 181 520 654 671

Notes () Including recovered products () Derived heat and industrial waste () Electrical energy and industrial waste () Source European Environment Agency June 2017 including international aviation and indirect CO2 but excluding international maritime and and LULUCF (Land Use Land ndash Use Change and Forestry) () Renewables share in transport according to the definition in the Directive 200928EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources From 2011 only formally reported compliant biofuels in line with Directive 200928EC are considered for the RES share in transport calculations whereas before 2011 all biofuels are accounted

Source Eurostat June 2017

Energy Statistics for EU-28 314

120Source Eurostat June 2017

ALL

SECT

ORS

IND

UST

RY

TRAN

SPO

RT

Road

Railw

ays

Air

Dom

estic

na

viga

tion

Cons

umpt

ion

in p

ipel

ine

trans

port

etc

HO

USE

HO

LDS

SE

RVIC

ES E

TC

Hou

seho

lds

Agri

cult

ure

Serv

ices

etc

EU-28 1 0840 2747 3586 2940 62 513 45 26 4506 2752 247 1508

Share 100 25 33 82 2 14 1 1 42 61 5 33

BE 358 119 104 86 02 15 02 00 134 81 07 46

BG 95 27 34 30 00 02 01 34 22 02 10

CZ 242 75 65 59 02 03 00 00 102 67 06 29

DK 139 21 49 38 01 09 01 00 69 43 08 19

DE 2121 610 632 524 13 87 03 04 880 532 348

EE 28 05 08 07 00 00 00 00 15 09 01 05

IE 112 24 46 37 00 08 01 42 27 02 12

EL 165 31 66 50 01 10 05 00 68 44 03 21

ES 805 189 336 269 03 56 04 03 280 149 25 106

FR 1441 286 501 420 08 67 05 00 654 377 44 233

HR 66 11 21 19 00 01 00 00 34 24 02 07

IT 1164 260 395 336 05 39 09 07 509 325 29 155

CY 17 02 09 06 02 06 03 00 02

LV 38 08 11 10 01 01 00 00 19 11 02 06

LT 49 10 18 17 01 01 00 00 21 14 01 06

LU 40 07 24 19 00 05 09 05 00 04

HU 173 42 44 40 01 02 00 00 87 60 06 22

MT 06 00 03 02 01 00 02 01 00 01

NL 485 143 143 99 02 38 04 200 96 38 66

AT 274 91 90 77 02 07 00 03 93 60 05 27

PL 623 150 172 159 03 07 00 04 300 188 33 78

PT 160 45 66 53 00 12 01 00 50 25 04 20

RO 219 65 56 51 02 03 00 00 98 74 05 20

SI 47 12 18 17 00 00 00 17 11 01 05

SK 101 44 22 20 00 00 01 34 20 02 13

FI 242 107 48 39 01 07 01 00 87 49 07 31

SE 318 115 87 75 02 09 01 116 72 04 40

UK 1314 247 518 382 10 119 06 549 365 10 174

MK 19 05 06 06 00 00 08 05 00 02

TR 932 288 282 225 02 49 03 03 362 201 39 122

IS 31 15 05 03 00 02 00 00 11 04 03 04

NO 187 59 55 38 01 09 06 01 73 39 07 28

CH

315 Final Energy Consumption2015 ndash BY SECTOR (MTOE)

121

Mtoe

1 200

1 100

1 000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Note Renewables not including electricity

INDUSTRY

TRANSPORT

HOUSEHOLDS AND SERVICES ETC

AGRICULTURE

YEAR 2015

253

331

393

23

Final Energy ConsumptionEU-28 ndash BY SECTOR (MTOE)

315

122

FIN

AL C

ON

SUM

PTIO

N

OF

MO

TOR

GAS

OLI

NE

AND

DIE

SEL

OIL

FO

R TR

ANSP

ORT

()

Mot

or G

asol

ine

Gas

D

iese

l Oil

BIO

FUEL

S

Biog

asol

ine

Biod

iese

l

Oth

er li

quid

bi

ofue

ls (

)

EU-28 277 7155 77 4494 200 2661 14 0300 2 6802 11 3453 45

BE 8 4759 1 3210 7 1549 2612 406 2206BG 2 3347 5202 1 8145 1462 322 1140CZ 5 5511 1 5705 3 9807 2965 632 2333DK 3 7495 1 3171 2 4324 2320 2320DE 49 8703 16 9263 32 9439 2 5373 7442 1 7919 12EE 7499 2407 5092 32 32IE 3 6848 1 0203 2 6646 882 241 641

EL 4 8274 2 5737 2 2537 1415 1415ES 26 0066 4 6232 21 3834 9583 1889 7694FR 39 2529 6 8699 32 3830 2 9491 4212 2 5279HR 1 8565 5538 1 3027 243 243

IT 30 2815 8 1919 22 0896 1 1666 248 1 1418CY 6122 3651 2472 97 97LV 9416 2048 7368 246 77 169LT 1 5133 1999 1 3134 680 97 583LU 1 8669 2930 1 5739 827 70 756 00

HU 3 8422 1 2832 2 5590 1751 426 1326MT 1879 770 1109 45 45NL 9 7550 3 8621 5 8928 2974 1419 1555AT 7 0618 1 5455 5 5162 6452 601 5851PL 13 4716 3 6542 9 8175 7803 1535 6268PT 4 9852 1 0993 3 8859 3277 222 3022 32RO 4 9450 1 2689 3 6761 2025 615 1410

SI 1 7126 4367 1 2759 294 65 229SK 1 8435 5768 1 2667 1439 229 1210FI 3 5152 1 3598 2 1554 4969 649 4320

SE 6 4160 2 5685 3 8476 1 0051 1331 8719UK 38 4043 12 9261 25 4782 9328 4043 5285MK 5614 1080 4534TR 19 0737 2 1618 16 9119 1404 704 700IS 2789 1416 1373 118 13 106

NO 4 2170 8724 3 3446 1410 102 1213 95CH

Notes () Without bio components () Liquid biofuels used directly as fuel not included in biogasoline or biodiesel

316 Final Consumption of Motor Gasoline Diesel amp Biofuels for Transport

2015 ndash BY FUEL (KTOE)

123

TOTAL Biogasoline BiodieselOther liquid biofuels ()

EU-28 13 6608 2 1765 11 0851 3992

BE 3920 1630 2232 58

BG 595 161 434

CZ 2157 675 1482

DK 134 134

DE 3 3193 4361 2 7654 1178

EE

IE 243 243

EL 1337 1337

ES 1 2353 2524 9830

FR 2 5189 3799 2 1391

HR 155 155

IT 6820 83 5103 1634

CY 07 07

LV 606 19 587

LT 1143 103 1040

LU

HU 3772 2460 1312

MT 08 08

NL 1 4396 1 4396

AT 4449 1401 3042 07

PL 9356 1122 8219 15

PT 3206 3175 31

RO 1571 253 1318

SI

SK 1492 535 957

FI 4732 4317 414

SE 2760 946 1295 519

UK 3013 1693 1320

MK 19 19

TR 1082 432 647 03

IS

NO 34 34

CH

Note () Liquid biofuels used directly as fuel not included in biogasoline or biodiesel

Biofuels Production2015 ndash BY FUEL (KTOE)

317

124

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015EU-28 5 7164 5 3814 5 2708 5 3452 4 9095 4 4237 4 4518

BE 1488 1573 1542 1487 1366 1181 1216

BG 1044 753 596 643 608 580 620

CZ 1985 1576 1500 1486 1406 1275 1288

DK 721 801 731 689 656 535 510

DE 1 2630 1 1357 1 0622 1 0149 9660 9288 9265

EE 405 203 174 193 213 212 181

IE 572 609 709 725 640 600 624

EL 1056 1118 1289 1389 1209 1022 986

ES 2934 3352 3958 4516 3696 3383 3504

FR 5558 5546 5664 5691 5277 4700 4746

HR 317 226 255 296 276 234 239

IT 5241 5368 5609 5883 5141 4325 4428

CY 64 79 92 102 104 92 92

LV 264 128 104 115 126 115 116

LT 484 224 197 232 209 201 203

LU 131 106 106 143 135 120 117

HU 944 760 742 766 661 584 616

MT 26 29 30 33 33 33 26

NL 2261 2392 2297 2254 2245 1985 2067

AT 797 812 822 946 871 784 810

PL 4685 4397 3914 3998 4084 3847 3877

PT 611 717 845 886 721 674 721

RO 2471 1817 1406 1468 1214 1160 1178

SI 186 188 192 206 197 167 169

SK 745 545 499 515 467 408 414

FI 723 727 711 709 773 611 575

SE 730 752 707 688 667 561 559

UK 8091 7658 7398 7245 6439 5558 5369

MK

TR 2145 2474 2981 3405 4127 4656 4862

IS 38 35 43 43 50 50 52

NO 524 518 556 561 565 550 554

CH 569 562 573 585 588 535 531

Notes Emissions data is downloaded from European Environment Agency (EEA) which is the main provider for EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions data EEA prepares and maintains the complete EU greenhouse gas emissions inventory which is based on data reported by Member States through the EU greenhouse gas monitoring mechanism and the UNFCCC process

GHGs carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) perfluorocarbons (PFC) () Excluding International Maritime and LULUCF (Land Use Land ndash Use Change and Forestry) emissions including International Aviation and Indirect CO2

Source European Environment Agency (EEA) June 2017

32 ENERGY amp ENVIRONMENT - ENV IRONMENT

321 Total Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions () MILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT

125

INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS ()

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015EU-28 9614 1 0344 1 1686 1 2633 1 2223 1 1652 1 1829

BE 365 386 456 552 553 465 487

BG 75 62 60 88 88 93 102

CZ 78 99 125 181 180 178 186

DK 155 190 187 182 176 171 173

DE 1830 1983 2080 1915 1867 1914 1924

EE 31 19 21 27 30 34 33

IE 63 78 131 160 143 140 149

EL 254 311 333 340 341 256 259

ES 764 876 1164 1406 1314 1196 1223

FR 1376 1490 1634 1655 1579 1543 1557

HR 45 37 48 59 63 60 63

IT 1112 1245 1362 1438 1312 1223 1214

CY 21 26 33 39 38 33 34

LV 48 27 23 42 45 41 43

LT 65 37 36 48 50 51 56

LU 30 39 58 85 78 74 71

HU 94 80 98 128 124 117 128

MT 13 24 32 29 55 50 61

NL 681 733 858 973 908 837 821

AT 149 173 206 270 247 242 248

PL 224 243 295 373 503 466 491

PT 130 163 229 235 231 210 215

RO 132 92 103 130 148 165 172

SI 28 39 39 46 54 56 56

SK 70 56 57 77 75 66 69

FI 150 133 153 159 150 133 140

SE 230 247 266 298 294 264 265

UK 1401 1459 1601 1704 1578 1574 1587

MK

TR 279 355 394 488 537 869 897

IS 09 10 13 14 14 16 19

NO 124 140 154 159 162 158 156

CH 178 180 207 194 206 209 203

Notes () The activity data used in GHG inventories to report international maritime emissions (emissions from bunker fuels) are not fully consistent with the energy statistics on bunker fuels for some years and countries For EU-28 changes in international maritime emissions between 2010 and 2011 show inconsistency with changes in energy statistics on bunker fuels

ENERGY amp ENVIRONMENT - ENV IRONMENT

GHG Emissions from TransportMILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT

322

126Source European Environment Agency (EEA) June 2017

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y

FUEL

CO

MB

UST

ION

ENER

GY

IND

UST

RIES

Publ

ic E

lect

rici

ty

and

Hea

t Pr

oduc

tion

Petr

oleu

m R

efin

ing

Oth

er

Ener

gy In

dust

ries

MAN

UFA

CTU

RIN

G

AND

CO

NST

RUCT

ION

Iron

and

Ste

el

Non

-Fer

rous

Met

als

Chem

ical

s

Pulp

Pap

er a

nd P

rint

Food

Bev

erag

es

and

Toba

cco

Oth

er

1990 4 4059 4 2148 1 6796 1 4401 1227 1168 8364 1758 163 1138 349 525 4431

1995 4 1570 3 9963 1 5207 1 2896 1295 1015 7435 1581 177 1090 388 605 3595

2000 4 1204 3 9892 1 5091 1 2911 1326 854 6795 1371 175 921 371 557 3400

2005 4 2401 4 1269 1 5979 1 3751 1422 806 6351 1230 158 874 343 509 3237

2006 4 2446 4 1355 1 6089 1 3874 1387 828 6277 1258 157 849 338 462 3213

2007 4 1937 4 0893 1 6232 1 4033 1395 805 6295 1322 154 814 332 461 3212

2008 4 1154 4 0131 1 5472 1 3282 1406 783 6005 1246 149 807 299 433 3073

2009 3 8231 3 7271 1 4211 1 2228 1332 651 5034 905 136 716 271 392 2615

2010 3 9223 3 8265 1 4452 1 2387 1337 728 5374 1089 140 732 286 411 2715

2011 3 7798 3 6849 1 4223 1 2203 1315 704 5234 1071 132 721 274 391 2644

2012 3 7346 3 6411 1 4164 1 2302 1270 592 4994 1023 122 693 265 389 2501

2013 3 6482 3 5561 1 3421 1 1661 1197 563 4894 1011 95 699 267 385 2437

2014 3 4658 3 3765 1 2543 1 0825 1163 555 4816 1024 88 658 248 375 2423

2015 3 5002 3 4109 1 2420 1 0696 1182 543 4834 1028 91 656 253 386 2421

Energy Industries bull Industry () bull Transport () bull Residential amp Commercial bull Agriculture Forestry Fisheries () bull Other () bull Total

130

120

110

100

090

080

070

060

050

1990 = 1 19

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

1220

1320

1420

15

Notes () Excluding LULUCF (Land Use Land ndash Use Change and Forestry) emissions and international maritime including international aviation and indirect CO2

() Excluding international maritime (international traffic departing from the EU) including international aviation () Emissions from Manufacturing and Construction Industrial Processes and Product Use () Emissions from Fuel Combustion and other Emissions from Agriculture () Emissions from Fuel Combustion in Other (Not elsewhere specified) Fugitive Emissions from Fuels Waste Indirect CO2 and Other

323 GHG Emissions () EU-28 ndash BY SECTOR (MILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT)

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

OTH

ER S

ECTO

RS

Com

mer

cial

In

stit

utio

nal

Resi

dent

ial

Agri

cult

ure

For

estr

y

Fish

erie

s

OTH

ER (N

OT

ELSE

-W

HER

E SP

ECIF

IED

)

FUG

ITIV

E EM

ISSI

ON

S FR

OM

FU

ELS

IND

UST

RIAL

PRO

CESS

-ES

amp P

ROD

UCT

USE

AGRI

CULT

URE

WAS

TE

OTH

ER

IND

IREC

T CO

2

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

8511 8244 2003 5269 972 233 1910 5169 5483 2409 44 5 7164 1990

9236 7949 1818 5176 955 136 1607 4972 4781 2453 37 5 3814 1995

1 0339 7569 1759 4912 899 97 1313 4525 4645 2307 27 5 2708 2000

1 1024 7809 1851 5061 897 107 1132 4600 4398 2030 24 5 3452 2005

1 1159 7725 1906 4954 865 106 1092 4566 4369 1979 23 5 3383 2006

1 1303 6954 1693 4428 834 109 1043 4673 4391 1914 22 5 2938 2007

1 1066 7488 1897 4744 847 100 1023 4426 4364 1829 21 5 1795 2008

1 0688 7249 1812 4611 827 88 960 3711 4312 1762 20 4 8036 2009

1 0636 7718 1895 4975 849 85 958 3900 4255 1697 20 4 9095 2010

1 0558 6752 1703 4216 833 82 949 3867 4263 1640 19 4 7587 2011

1 0247 6932 1672 4441 818 74 935 3742 4238 1588 18 4 6932 2012

1 0191 6984 1688 4478 818 72 921 3716 4267 1506 17 4 5988 2013

1 0289 6048 1507 3751 790 69 894 3780 4339 1444 16 4 4237 2014

1 0481 6304 1563 3953 788 70 893 3739 4367 1393 17 4 4518 2015

ENERGY INDUSTRIES

INDUSTRY ()

TRANSPORT ()

RESIDENTIAL

COMMERCIAL INSTITUTIONAL

OTHER ()

AGRICULTURE FORESTRY FISHERIES ()

279

193 235

89

116

35

YEAR 2015

53

GHG Emissions () EU-28 ndash BY SECTOR (MILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT)

323

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y

FUEL

CO

MB

UST

ION

ENER

GY

IND

UST

RIES

Publ

ic E

lect

rici

ty a

nd

Hea

t Pr

oduc

tion

Petr

oleu

m R

efin

ing

Oth

er

Ener

gy In

dust

ries

MAN

UFA

CTU

RIN

G

AND

CO

NST

RUCT

ION

Iron

and

Ste

el

Non

-Fer

rous

Met

als

Chem

ical

s

Pulp

Pap

er a

nd P

rint

Food

Bev

erag

es

and

Toba

cco

Oth

er

1990 771 957 398 857 73 70 198 210 20 136 42 63 530

1991 777 959 392 862 72 67 189 210 22 137 47 67 517

1992 778 959 390 863 74 63 185 207 21 129 47 69 526

1993 778 959 380 856 80 65 181 205 23 130 48 73 521

1994 774 961 385 852 81 67 184 215 23 136 53 79 494

1995 772 961 381 848 85 67 186 213 24 147 52 81 483

1996 777 963 377 851 86 63 178 201 23 146 52 84 494

1997 773 964 374 846 89 65 180 210 25 141 53 81 489

1998 777 966 378 851 89 60 172 211 26 134 53 82 495

1999 782 967 372 853 88 59 169 201 26 135 53 83 503

2000 782 968 378 856 88 57 170 202 26 136 55 82 500

2001 789 969 381 860 87 53 161 196 28 137 53 84 502

2002 790 970 388 861 87 53 158 191 28 137 55 86 503

2003 792 971 392 866 84 50 157 190 27 139 55 83 506

2004 792 973 388 864 87 50 156 197 26 138 53 82 504

2005 793 973 387 861 89 50 154 194 25 138 54 80 510

2006 795 974 389 862 86 51 152 200 25 135 54 74 512

2007 792 975 397 865 86 50 154 210 25 129 53 73 510

2008 795 975 386 858 91 51 150 207 25 134 50 72 512

2009 796 975 381 860 94 46 135 180 27 142 54 78 519

2010 799 976 378 857 93 50 140 203 26 136 53 77 505

2011 794 975 386 858 92 50 142 205 25 138 52 75 505

2012 796 975 389 869 90 42 137 205 24 139 53 78 501

2013 793 975 377 869 89 42 138 207 19 143 55 79 498

2014 783 974 371 863 93 44 143 213 18 137 52 78 503

2015 786 974 364 861 95 44 142 213 19 136 52 80 501

Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the GHG emissions from fuel combustion by Manufacturing and Construction Transport and other sectors (CommercialInstitutional Residential and AgricultureForestryFisheries)

323 GHG Emissions () EU-28BY SECTOR (SHARES )

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

OTH

ER S

ECTO

RS

Com

mer

cial

In

stit

utio

nal

Resi

dent

ial

Agri

cult

ure

For

estr

y

Fish

erie

s

OTH

ER (N

OT

ELSE

-W

HER

E SP

ECIF

IED

)

FUG

ITIV

E EM

ISSI

ON

S FR

OM

FU

ELS

IND

UST

RIAL

PRO

CESS

-ES

amp P

ROD

UCT

USE

AGRI

CULT

URE

WAS

TE

OTH

ER

IND

IREC

T CO

2

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

202 196 243 639 118 06 43 90 96 42 01 100 1990

205 209 240 650 110 05 41 86 92 44 01 100 1991

219 202 236 651 113 04 41 85 91 45 01 100 1992

225 210 229 656 115 04 41 85 90 46 01 100 1993

229 199 226 652 122 04 39 91 89 46 01 100 1994

231 199 229 651 120 03 39 92 89 46 01 100 1995

232 210 231 655 114 03 37 91 87 45 01 100 1996

241 202 228 655 117 03 36 93 88 45 01 100 1997

250 197 230 654 116 03 34 90 88 45 01 100 1998

260 196 234 648 118 03 33 84 90 44 01 100 1999

259 190 232 649 119 02 32 86 88 44 01 100 2000

257 199 236 653 111 02 31 82 86 43 00 100 2001

261 191 231 654 114 02 30 82 85 42 00 100 2002

258 190 229 658 113 02 29 83 83 41 00 100 2003

264 189 236 651 114 03 27 86 83 39 00 100 2004

267 189 237 648 115 03 27 86 82 38 00 100 2005

270 187 247 641 112 03 26 86 82 37 00 100 2006

276 170 243 637 120 03 25 88 83 36 00 100 2007

276 187 253 634 113 02 25 85 84 35 00 100 2008

287 195 250 636 114 02 25 77 90 37 00 100 2009

278 202 245 645 110 02 24 79 87 35 00 100 2010

287 183 252 624 123 02 25 81 90 34 00 100 2011

281 190 241 641 118 02 25 80 90 34 00 100 2012

287 196 242 641 117 02 25 81 93 33 00 100 2013

305 179 249 620 131 02 26 85 98 33 00 100 2014

307 185 248 627 125 02 26 84 98 31 00 100 2015

() Excluding international maritime (international traffic departing from the EU) including international aviation

GHG Emissions () EU-28BY SECTOR (SHARES )

323

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y

FUEL

CO

MB

UST

ION

ENER

GY

IND

UST

RIES

Publ

ic E

lect

rici

ty a

nd

Hea

t Pr

oduc

tion

Petr

oleu

m R

efin

ing

Oth

er

Ener

gy In

dust

ries

MAN

UFA

CTU

RIN

G

AND

CO

NST

RUCT

ION

Iron

and

Ste

el

Non

-Fer

rous

Met

als

Chem

ical

s

Pulp

Pap

er a

nd P

rint

Food

Bev

erag

es

and

Toba

cco

Oth

er

EU-28 3 5002 3 4109 1 2420 1 0696 1182 543 4834 1028 91 656 253 386 2421

BE 905 899 213 164 48 02 136 13 04 32 06 22 60

BG 462 450 303 290 14 00 29 01 01 03 01 03 19

CZ 989 945 536 469 08 59 99 19 01 16 05 10 48

DK 371 367 128 104 10 14 39 01 04 01 10 23

DE 7868 7761 3354 3067 182 105 1271 388 01 00 02 880

EE 159 159 122 110 12 05 00 00 00 00 04

IE 391 390 118 113 04 01 45 00 14 03 00 09 19

EL 739 728 409 356 53 00 52 01 06 04 01 06 34

ES 2702 2656 862 738 118 06 412 57 13 75 40 42 186

FR 3343 3302 421 314 76 31 505 129 08 108 29 72 159

HR 171 166 48 32 14 02 22 01 00 03 01 04 15

IT 3640 3564 1059 791 211 57 526 93 14 105 46 40 227

CY 68 68 30 30 05 00 00 00 01 05

LV 74 73 18 17 01 07 00 00 00 00 01 05

LT 113 110 32 17 14 01 12 03 00 02 06

LU 103 102 05 05 11 03 00 02 00 00 06

HU 438 430 139 121 14 04 43 02 02 04 02 07 27

MT 21 21 09 09 00 00

NL 1724 1697 684 560 98 26 241 37 02 118 09 36 40

AT 555 550 109 77 28 04 105 15 03 15 19 10 43

PL 3180 2951 1636 1546 54 37 281 52 12 61 17 38 101

PT 513 501 184 160 24 79 01 10 12 08 47

RO 815 701 297 271 15 11 125 14 23 02 08 77

SI 135 131 46 46 00 16 02 01 01 03 01 08

SK 276 260 77 49 15 13 68 29 01 05 05 03 24

FI 428 427 162 137 22 03 84 23 01 07 28 02 23

SE 412 403 90 64 26 76 16 10 06 04 40

UK 4406 4296 1330 1040 135 155 539 132 05 42 20 45 293

MK

TR 3512 3471 1370 1296 62 11 576 32 12 62 10 44 417

IS 24 22 00 00 01 00 00 00 00

NO 411 376 155 17 09 129 38 01 01 13 01 03 19

CH 421 418 33 28 04 00 50 02 01 08 02 07 30

Note () Excluding LULUCF (Land Use Land ndash Use Change and Forestry) emissions and international maritime including international aviation and indirect CO2

324 GHG Emissions () 2015 ndash BY SECTOR(MILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT)

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

OTH

ER S

ECTO

RS

Com

mer

cial

In

stit

utio

nal

Resi

dent

ial

Agri

cult

ure

For

estr

y

Fish

erie

s

OTH

ER (N

OT

ELSE

-W

HER

E SP

ECIF

IED

)

FUG

ITIV

E EM

ISSI

ON

S FR

OM

FU

ELS

IND

UST

RIAL

PRO

CESS

-ES

amp P

ROD

UCT

USE

AGRI

CULT

URE

WAS

TE

OTH

ER

IND

IREC

T CO

2

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

1 0481 6304 1563 3953 788 70 893 3739 4367 1393 17 4 4518 EU-28

307 241 58 162 21 01 06 195 100 16 1216 BE

99 19 03 10 05 01 12 57 59 42 620 BG

186 119 26 81 12 04 44 154 85 53 08 1288 CZ

150 48 08 22 18 02 04 20 103 12 04 510 DK

1854 1273 346 864 63 10 107 615 670 112 9265 DE

24 08 01 03 04 00 00 05 13 03 181 EE

144 84 17 60 06 00 31 192 10 624 IE

200 64 07 52 06 02 11 119 83 45 986 EL

981 398 112 172 114 03 46 308 360 135 3504 ES

1500 876 253 501 121 42 445 784 174 4746 FR

63 32 06 19 07 05 27 26 16 239 HR

1157 817 234 507 77 05 75 300 300 188 4428 IT

26 05 01 04 01 00 13 06 05 92 CY

35 14 05 05 04 00 01 08 27 07 00 116 LV

54 13 03 08 02 00 03 34 46 10 203 LT

71 16 05 11 00 00 00 06 07 01 117 LU

128 120 31 76 14 00 08 73 67 38 616 HU

10 02 01 00 00 00 02 01 01 26 MT

426 344 76 168 100 02 28 115 192 34 02 2067 NL

247 88 19 61 09 01 05 167 72 17 810 AT

485 549 80 366 104 229 285 296 116 3877 PL

194 44 11 21 11 01 13 76 66 64 02 721 PT

171 104 20 73 10 05 114 119 186 58 1178 RO

54 15 04 09 02 00 04 12 17 05 169 SI

69 47 15 29 03 00 16 93 30 15 414 SK

131 38 10 15 14 11 01 61 65 21 01 575 FI

204 31 07 10 14 02 09 64 69 14 559 SE

1512 895 204 644 47 20 110 335 446 182 5369 UK

MK

870 655 232 324 98 41 607 574 169 4862 TR

16 06 00 00 06 02 20 06 02 52 IS

148 33 11 07 15 02 35 85 45 13 554 NO

203 132 41 86 04 01 02 40 61 08 00 01 531 CH

GHG Emissions () 2015 ndash BY SECTOR(MILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT)

324

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y

FUEL

CO

MB

UST

ION

ENER

GY

IND

UST

RIES

Publ

ic E

lect

rici

ty a

nd

Hea

t Pr

oduc

tion

Petr

oleu

m R

efin

ing

Oth

er

Ener

gy In

dust

ries

MAN

UFA

CTU

RIN

G

AND

CO

NST

RUCT

ION

Iron

and

Ste

el

Non

-Fer

rous

Met

als

Chem

ical

s

Pulp

Pap

er a

nd P

rint

Food

Bev

erag

es

and

Toba

cco

Oth

er

EU-28 786 974 364 861 95 44 142 213 19 136 52 80 501

BE 744 993 237 770 223 07 152 92 31 235 47 158 437

BG 745 974 674 955 45 00 64 41 51 122 44 91 651

CZ 767 956 568 874 16 110 105 195 11 162 47 103 483

DK 728 989 349 811 76 113 106 23 101 18 262 596

DE 849 986 432 914 54 31 164 305 01 00 02 692

EE 880 999 769 901 99 31 00 68 28 20 884

IE 626 999 301 963 31 06 117 01 318 62 04 195 420

EL 750 985 562 871 129 01 72 12 112 85 20 121 650

ES 771 983 325 856 137 07 155 139 31 181 97 101 451

FR 704 988 127 746 181 73 153 254 15 214 58 142 315

HR 716 969 290 661 290 49 135 23 05 132 31 158 651

IT 822 979 297 747 199 54 148 177 27 200 88 76 432

CY 740 1000 446 1000 81 05 12 06 137 840

LV 639 986 241 968 32 92 33 05 41 08 166 746

LT 556 974 287 539 434 27 108 259 19 203 520

LU 880 997 45 1000 109 249 42 144 06 19 539

HU 711 982 323 869 103 28 100 40 38 89 36 167 630

MT 821 1000 420 1000 20 1000

NL 834 984 403 819 143 38 142 154 06 487 37 149 167

AT 685 991 199 705 257 38 190 139 28 143 180 97 413

PL 820 928 554 945 33 22 95 185 44 215 59 136 361

PT 712 975 367 871 129 157 17 131 149 103 600

RO 692 861 424 912 51 36 178 114 187 13 68 619

SI 797 973 348 999 01 121 121 66 45 198 56 514

SK 666 942 294 642 190 169 260 426 21 69 74 49 361

FI 744 997 380 842 138 21 198 275 12 89 331 19 275

SE 737 979 223 712 288 190 208 137 79 49 527

UK 821 975 310 782 102 116 125 246 10 79 38 83 545

MK

TR 722 988 395 946 45 08 166 56 21 107 17 76 723

IS 454 930 02 1000 31 14 152 454 381

NO 742 914 412 111 59 831 101 19 33 350 19 89 489

CH 792 995 78 867 133 00 119 47 20 151 42 141 599

324 GHG Emissions () 2015BY SECTOR (SHARES )

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

OTH

ER S

ECTO

RS

Com

mer

cial

In

stit

utio

nal

Resi

dent

ial

Agri

cult

ure

For

estr

y

Fish

erie

s

OTH

ER (N

OT

ELSE

-W

HER

E SP

ECIF

IED

)

FUG

ITIV

E EM

ISSI

ON

S FR

OM

FU

ELS

IND

UST

RIAL

PRO

CESS

-ES

amp P

ROD

UCT

USE

AGRI

CULT

URE

WAS

TE

OTH

ER

IND

IREC

T CO

2

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

307 185 248 627 125 02 26 84 98 31 00 100 EU-28

341 269 239 673 88 01 07 161 82 13 100 BE

220 41 158 564 278 01 26 92 96 68 100 BG

197 126 218 679 103 04 44 120 66 41 06 100 CZ

408 131 170 448 381 05 11 39 202 23 08 100 DK

239 164 272 679 49 01 14 66 72 12 100 DE

151 48 122 416 462 02 01 28 74 18 100 EE

368 214 208 722 69 01 50 308 16 100 IE

275 89 111 803 86 03 15 121 84 45 100 EL

369 150 281 432 287 01 17 88 103 38 100 ES

454 265 289 572 138 12 94 165 37 100 FR

381 194 183 600 218 31 112 107 65 100 HR

325 229 286 620 94 01 21 68 68 42 100 IT

389 80 196 652 152 03 143 61 56 100 CY

471 194 327 372 301 01 14 65 235 59 01 100 LV

487 115 228 605 167 03 26 167 226 51 100 LT

693 153 303 681 16 00 03 54 58 08 100 LU

296 280 258 628 114 00 18 118 108 62 100 HU

464 93 689 226 85 02 96 26 57 100 MT

251 203 222 488 290 01 16 56 93 16 01 100 NL

450 161 209 691 99 01 09 206 88 20 100 AT

164 186 145 666 189 72 74 76 30 100 PL

387 87 262 476 262 02 25 105 92 89 02 100 PT

244 148 194 707 99 07 139 101 158 50 100 RO

415 115 260 579 161 00 27 69 103 31 100 SI

264 180 321 620 59 02 58 224 73 37 100 SK

307 89 254 386 360 26 03 106 113 37 01 100 FI

505 77 224 332 444 05 21 115 123 25 100 SE

352 208 228 720 52 05 25 62 83 34 100 UK

MK

251 189 355 495 150 12 125 118 35 100 TR

708 259 04 12 984 70 388 118 40 100 IS

393 88 332 206 462 06 85 153 82 23 100 NO

485 314 314 653 33 03 05 75 114 16 00 02 100 CH

Notes () Excluding LULUCF (Land Use Land ndash Use Change and Forestry) emissions and nternational maritime including international aviation and indirect CO2

GHG Emissions () 2015BY SECTOR (SHARES )

324

134

INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL BUNKERS

TOTA

L

CIV

IL A

VIA

TIO

N

Civi

l Avi

atio

n

(dom

esti

c) (

)

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bu

nker

s ndash

Avia

tion

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

RAIL

WAY

S (

)

TOTA

L N

AVIG

ATIO

N

Nav

igat

ion

(d

omes

tic)

()

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bun

kers

ndash

Mar

itim

e Tr

ansp

ort

OTH

ER

TRAN

SPO

RTAT

ION

(

)

TOTA

L TR

ANSP

ORT

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

1990 835 142 693 7233 141 1352 249 1103 54 9614 5 8266

1995 1013 151 861 7826 112 1342 234 1108 52 1 0344 5 4922

2000 1358 199 1159 8598 99 1564 217 1347 67 1 1686 5 4055

2005 1513 196 1317 9119 82 1833 223 1610 86 1 2633 5 5062

2006 1569 196 1373 9197 81 1967 226 1741 85 1 2899 5 5124

2007 1617 198 1419 9306 85 2030 217 1813 78 1 3117 5 4751

2008 1618 192 1426 9071 82 2017 209 1808 84 1 2874 5 3603

2009 1500 180 1320 8832 75 1824 208 1615 73 1 2304 4 9651

2010 1501 178 1323 8781 75 1795 208 1587 71 1 2223 5 0682

2011 1538 173 1366 8687 75 1795 189 1606 69 1 2164 4 9193

2012 1506 166 1340 8425 74 1657 179 1479 64 1 1726 4 8411

2013 1505 153 1352 8382 70 1560 163 1397 70 1 1588 4 7385

2014 1522 150 1373 8484 66 1522 158 1364 59 1 1652 4 5601

2015 1573 151 1422 8621 64 1512 164 1348 59 1 1829 4 5866

Total Civil Aviation bull Road Transportation bull Railways () bull Total Navigation bull Other bull Total Transport

180

160

140

120

100

080

060

040

1990 = 1 19

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

1220

1320

1420

15

Notes () Excluding International Bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU) () Including International Bunkers and Indirect CO2 but excluding LULUCF

() Excluding indirect emissions from electricity consumption () Combustion emissions from all remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation ground activities in airports and harbours and off-road activities

325 GHG Emissions from Transport ndash EU-28BY MODE (MILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT)

TOTA

L

CIV

IL A

VIA

TIO

N

Civi

l Avi

atio

n

(dom

esti

c) (

)

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bu

nker

s ndash

Avia

tion

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

RAIL

WAY

S (

)

TOTA

L N

AVIG

ATIO

N

Nav

igat

ion

(d

omes

tic)

()

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bun

kers

ndash

Mar

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ansp

ort

OTH

ER

TRAN

SPO

RTAT

ION

(

)

TOTA

L

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

1990 87 170 830 752 15 141 184 816 06 165 100

1995 98 149 851 757 11 130 174 826 05 188 100

2000 116 146 854 736 08 134 139 861 06 216 100

2005 120 130 870 722 06 145 122 878 07 229 100

2006 122 125 875 713 06 152 115 885 07 234 100

2007 123 122 878 709 06 155 107 893 06 240 100

2008 126 119 881 705 06 157 104 896 07 240 100

2009 122 120 880 718 06 148 114 886 06 248 100

2010 123 119 881 718 06 147 116 884 06 241 100

2011 126 112 888 714 06 148 105 895 06 247 100

2012 128 110 890 718 06 141 108 892 05 242 100

2013 130 102 898 723 06 135 105 895 06 245 100

2014 131 98 902 728 06 131 104 896 05 256 100

2015 133 96 904 729 05 128 109 891 05 258 100

Notes () Excluding International Bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU) () Including International Bunkers and Indirect CO2 but excluding LULUCF () Excluding indirect emissions from electricity consumption () Combustion emissions from all remaining transport activities including pipeline transportation ground activities in airports and harbours and off-road activities

() Total transport share in total emissions

TOTAL CIVIL AVIATION

ROAD TRANSPORTATION

RAILWAYS ()

TOTAL NAVIGATION

OTHER

05

133

729

128 05

YEAR 2015

GHG Emissions from TransportEU-28 ndash BY MODE (SHARES )

325

136

TOTA

L

CIV

IL A

VIA

TIO

N

Civi

l Avi

atio

n

(dom

esti

c) (

)

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bu

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s ndash

Avia

tion

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

RAIL

WAY

S

TOTA

L N

AVIG

ATIO

N

Nav

igat

ion

(d

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()

Inte

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l Bun

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Mar

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ort

OTH

ER

TRAN

SPO

RTAT

ION

TOTA

L

TRAN

SPO

RT

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

()

EU-28 1573 151 1422 8621 64 1512 164 1348 59 1 1829 4 5866

BE 42 00 42 258 01 185 04 181 02 487 1397

BG 06 00 05 89 01 03 00 03 03 102 623

CZ 09 00 09 174 03 00 00 01 186 1288

DK 28 01 27 116 03 27 04 23 173 533

DE 268 22 245 1546 09 88 18 70 12 1924 9335

EE 01 00 01 22 01 09 00 09 33 190

IE 26 00 25 113 01 07 02 05 01 149 629

EL 33 04 29 147 01 78 18 59 259 1046

ES 173 25 147 790 02 256 14 242 03 1223 3746

FR 221 46 175 1257 04 70 13 57 04 1557 4803

HR 04 00 04 57 01 01 01 00 63 239

IT 118 21 98 994 01 95 39 56 06 1214 4484

CY 08 00 08 19 08 00 08 34 100

LV 03 00 03 29 02 09 00 09 43 125

LT 02 00 02 48 02 03 00 02 01 56 206

LU 14 00 14 57 00 00 00 00 71 117

HU 06 00 05 119 02 00 00 01 128 616

MT 04 00 04 06 52 00 51 61 77

NL 115 00 115 297 01 407 13 395 01 821 2462

AT 22 01 21 218 01 01 00 01 06 248 811

PL 20 01 19 454 03 06 00 06 08 491 3883

PT 35 04 32 155 00 24 03 21 215 742

RO 15 01 14 151 04 03 01 01 00 172 1179

SI 01 00 01 53 00 02 02 00 56 171

SK 01 00 01 64 01 00 00 00 02 69 414

FI 22 02 20 104 01 14 04 09 00 140 585

SE 27 05 22 170 00 65 04 62 03 265 621

UK 350 16 334 1113 19 100 24 76 06 1587 5445

MK

TR 154 42 112 693 05 39 11 28 06 897 4890

IS 07 00 07 08 03 00 03 19 55

NO 28 13 15 103 01 24 16 08 156 563

CH 51 01 49 150 00 01 01 00 00 203 531

326 GHG Emissions from Transport ndash 2015BY MODE (MILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT)

TOTA

L

CIV

IL A

VIA

TIO

N

Civi

l Avi

atio

n

(dom

esti

c) (

)

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bu

nker

s ndash

Avia

tion

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

RAIL

WAY

S

TOTA

L N

AVIG

ATIO

N

Nav

igat

ion

(d

omes

tic)

()

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bun

kers

ndash

Mar

itim

e Tr

ansp

ort

OTH

ER

TRAN

SPO

RTAT

ION

TOTA

L

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

EU-28 133 96 904 729 05 128 109 891 05 258 100

BE 86 03 997 530 01 379 22 978 04 349 100

BG 57 70 930 876 05 28 36 964 34 163 100

CZ 49 11 989 931 16 01 1000 04 145 100

DK 161 47 953 669 14 156 139 861 325 100

DE 139 84 916 804 05 46 206 794 06 206 100

EE 23 17 983 673 20 284 43 957 173 100

IE 172 04 996 762 08 48 309 691 10 236 100

EL 127 120 880 568 05 300 235 765 248 100

ES 141 146 854 646 02 209 54 946 02 327 100

FR 142 208 792 808 03 45 189 811 03 324 100

HR 61 80 920 907 10 22 960 40 265 100

IT 97 175 825 819 01 79 410 590 05 271 100

CY 222 01 999 551 227 02 998 344 100

LV 77 05 995 669 53 201 13 987 345 100

LT 44 06 994 865 32 46 53 947 12 272 100

LU 199 00 1000 800 01 00 899 101 608 100

HU 43 08 992 936 14 02 1000 05 207 100

MT 58 11 989 95 847 10 990 793 100

NL 140 03 997 362 01 496 31 969 01 333 100

AT 89 23 977 880 05 03 166 834 24 306 100

PL 41 62 938 924 06 12 19 981 16 126 100

PT 165 104 896 722 02 111 113 887 290 100

RO 88 84 916 875 22 15 492 508 00 146 100

SI 14 26 974 942 07 37 1000 01 330 100

SK 22 25 975 933 14 04 221 779 27 166 100

FI 155 87 913 744 05 97 314 686 00 240 100

SE 102 189 811 639 02 247 56 944 11 428 100

UK 220 46 954 701 12 63 240 760 04 292 100

MK

TR 171 273 727 772 05 44 293 707 07 184 100

IS 371 29 971 449 180 79 921 339 100

NO 181 454 546 661 03 155 667 333 277 100

CH 250 27 973 739 01 07 822 178 02 382 100

Notes () Excluding International Bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU) () Including International Bunkers and Indirect CO2 but excluding LULUCF () Total transport share in total emissions

GHG Emissions from Transport2015 ndash BY MODE (SHARES )

326

138

Cars bull Light duty trucks bull Heavy duty trucks and buses bull Total road transport

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

090

1990 = 1 19

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

1220

1320

1420

15

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

Car

s

Lig

ht d

uty

truc

ks

Hea

vy d

uty

truc

ks

and

buse

s

Mot

orcy

cles

Oth

er R

oad

Tr

ansp

orta

tion

TOTA

L TR

ANSP

ORT

(

)

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

1990 7233 4595 669 1872 94 03 9614 58266

1995 7826 4956 755 2015 99 01 10344 54922

2000 8598 5312 939 2236 110 01 11686 54055

2005 9119 5533 1064 2403 114 04 12633 55062

2006 9197 5602 1062 2418 110 04 12899 55124

2007 9306 5642 1100 2452 108 04 13117 54751

2008 9071 5499 1078 2380 111 04 12874 53603

2009 8832 5414 1049 2256 108 04 12304 49651

2010 8781 5301 1065 2303 108 03 12223 50682

2011 8687 5226 1070 2280 108 03 12164 49193

2012 8425 5088 1025 2203 106 03 11726 48411

2013 8382 5059 996 2220 105 03 11588 47385

2014 8484 5164 1015 2194 108 03 11652 45601

2015 8621 5260 1020 2229 109 03 11829 45866

Notes () Including International Bunkers (international traffic departing from the EU) () Including International Bunkers and Indirect CO2 but excluding LULUCF

327 GHG Emissions from Road Transport EU-28 ndash BY TRANSPORT MEAN

(MILLION TONNES CO2 EQUIVALENT)

139

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

Car

s

Lig

ht d

uty

truc

ks

Hea

vy d

uty

truc

ks

and

buse

s

Mot

orcy

cles

Oth

er R

oad

Tr

ansp

orta

tion

TOTA

L TR

ANSP

ORT

(

)

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

1990 752 635 93 259 13 00 165 1000

1995 757 633 96 257 13 00 188 1000

2000 736 618 109 260 13 00 216 1000

2005 722 607 117 264 13 00 229 1000

2006 713 609 115 263 12 00 234 1000

2007 709 606 118 264 12 00 240 1000

2008 705 606 119 262 12 00 240 1000

2009 718 613 119 255 12 00 248 1000

2010 718 604 121 262 12 00 241 1000

2011 714 602 123 262 12 00 247 1000

2012 718 604 122 262 13 00 242 1000

2013 723 603 119 265 12 00 245 1000

2014 728 609 120 259 13 00 256 1000

2015 729 610 118 259 13 00 258 1000

Notes () Including International Bunkers and Indirect CO2 but excluding LULUCF () Total transport share in total emissions

CARS

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS

HEAVY DUTY TRUCKS amp BUSES

MOTORCYCLES

OTHER ROAD TRANSPORTATION 0

13

610

259

118

YEAR 2015

GHG Emissions from Road TransportEU-28 ndash BY TRANSPORT MEAN

(SHARES )

327

140

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015EU-28 4 5305 4 2883 4 2802 4 4230 4 0638 3 6064 3 6406

BE 1227 1287 1312 1289 1175 1006 1044

BG 794 584 454 511 483 457 488

CZ 1643 1320 1275 1266 1181 1045 1055

DK 565 646 575 548 521 406 382

DE 1 0642 9529 9184 8886 8564 8192 8164

EE 372 183 154 173 191 190 160

IE 339 369 470 505 439 389 409

EL 859 896 1055 1165 999 815 778

ES 2369 2745 3220 3824 2971 2686 2863

FR 4082 4084 4290 4399 4040 3481 3539

HR 239 172 200 237 215 181 183

IT 4391 4532 4742 5004 4343 3562 3669

CY 54 67 79 88 88 77 76

LV 200 93 72 80 89 75 76

LT 362 151 119 142 139 131 134

LU 122 97 97 134 125 110 107

HU 739 622 593 613 529 446 473

MT 24 27 28 30 29 28 21

NL 1675 1809 1819 1884 1930 1691 1767

AT 632 655 680 813 746 662 689

PL 3767 3621 3179 3226 3336 3093 3125

PT 471 564 679 716 554 509 553

RO 1715 1261 934 1000 828 778 794

SI 151 153 155 170 164 136 137

SK 620 448 413 429 387 336 340

FI 581 592 582 584 657 497 464

SE 589 607 567 559 551 455 455

UK 6081 5770 5877 5955 5362 4632 4462

MK

TR 1487 1822 2293 2673 3279 3691 3945

IS 24 25 32 33 38 38 40

NO 363 391 431 445 471 456 462

CH 476 474 485 494 494 441 438

Notes () Excluding International Maritime and LULUCF (Land Use Land ndash Use Change and Forestry) emissions including International Aviation and Indirect CO2 Emissions data is downloaded from European Environment Agency (EEA) which is the main provider for EU-wide greenhouse gas emissions data EEA prepares and maintains the complete EU greenhouse gas emissions inventory which is based on data reported by Member States through the EU greenhouse gas monitoring mechanism and the UNFCCC process

328 Total CO2 Emissions ()MILLION TONNES

141

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015EU-28 9451 1 0156 1 1509 1 2488 1 2092 1 1523 1 1696

BE 361 381 452 549 550 461 484

BG 73 60 58 86 87 92 101

CZ 76 96 122 177 176 175 182

DK 153 187 185 180 175 169 171

DE 1802 1956 2056 1899 1849 1894 1904

EE 31 19 20 26 30 33 33

IE 61 76 129 157 141 139 147

EL 247 301 324 332 334 251 255

ES 753 863 1145 1391 1301 1183 1210

FR 1355 1465 1612 1634 1561 1524 1537

HR 44 36 46 58 62 59 62

IT 1092 1216 1336 1420 1297 1210 1201

CY 21 25 32 38 37 33 33

LV 47 26 23 40 44 40 42

LT 64 36 35 47 49 51 55

LU 30 39 58 84 78 73 70

HU 92 79 96 126 122 116 126

MT 13 23 31 29 54 49 61

NL 674 725 849 964 899 829 813

AT 147 171 204 268 245 240 246

PL 219 237 289 366 496 460 485

PT 128 158 225 232 228 208 213

RO 128 89 100 127 146 162 170

SI 27 37 37 45 53 56 56

SK 68 55 56 76 75 65 68

FI 147 131 150 157 149 131 139

SE 226 242 262 295 291 261 262

UK 1373 1429 1576 1684 1563 1558 1571

MK

TR 272 346 384 477 526 853 881

IS 09 10 12 13 14 16 18

NO 122 138 152 157 160 155 153

CH 175 177 204 192 205 207 201

Note () The activity data used in GHG inventories to report international maritime emissions (emissions from bunker fuels) are not fully consistent with the energy statistics on bunker fuels for some years and countries For EU-28 changes in international maritime emissions between 2010 and 2011 show inconsistency with changes in energy statistics on bunker fuels

CO2 Emissions from TransportMILLION TONNES

329

142

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y

FUEL

CO

MB

UST

ION

ENER

GY

IND

UST

RIES

Publ

ic E

lect

rici

ty a

nd

Hea

t Pr

oduc

tion

Petr

oleu

m R

efin

ing

Oth

er

Ener

gy In

dust

ries

MAN

UFA

CTU

RIN

G

AND

CO

NST

RUCT

ION

Iron

and

Ste

el

Non

-Fer

rous

Met

als

Chem

ical

s

Pulp

Pap

er a

nd P

rint

Food

Bev

erag

es

and

Toba

cco

Oth

er

1990 4 1803 4 1508 1 6699 1 4324 1221 1154 8289 1749 162 1133 344 522 4379

1995 3 9645 3 9348 1 5114 1 2822 1289 1003 7365 1572 176 1084 382 602 3549

2000 3 9595 3 9323 1 4998 1 2836 1320 842 6723 1364 174 916 364 554 3352

2005 4 0987 4 0712 1 5874 1 3662 1416 796 6271 1223 157 867 336 504 3183

2006 4 1081 4 0796 1 5980 1 3782 1382 817 6200 1251 156 843 330 459 3162

2007 4 0611 4 0328 1 6121 1 3937 1389 795 6218 1314 154 809 325 457 3159

2008 3 9828 3 9555 1 5362 1 3188 1401 774 5930 1238 148 801 291 429 3023

2009 3 6972 3 6716 1 4103 1 2135 1326 642 4971 900 135 711 264 389 2572

2010 3 7945 3 7684 1 4338 1 2288 1332 719 5307 1083 139 727 279 408 2671

2011 3 6556 3 6298 1 4108 1 2102 1310 696 5169 1064 131 716 267 388 2603

2012 3 6094 3 5844 1 4045 1 2196 1265 584 4930 1017 122 688 258 385 2461

2013 3 5263 3 4995 1 3303 1 1557 1192 554 4831 1006 95 692 260 380 2398

2014 3 3486 3 3226 1 2428 1 0724 1159 546 4754 1019 88 653 241 370 2384

2015 3 3821 3 3557 1 2304 1 0593 1177 534 4770 1022 91 650 246 380 2381

130

120

110

100

090

080

070

060

050

1990 = 1 19

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

1220

1320

1420

15

() Excluding international maritime (international traffic departing from the EU) including international aviation () Emissions from Manufacturing and Construction Industrial Processes and Product Use () Emissions from Fuel Combustion and other Emissions from Agriculture () Emissions from Other (Not elsewhere specified) Fugitive Emissions from Fuels Waste Indirect CO2 and Other

3210 CO2 Emissions () EU-28BY SECTOR (MILLION TONNES)

143

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

OTH

ER S

ECTO

RS

Com

mer

cial

In

stit

utio

nal

Resi

dent

ial

Agri

cult

ure

For

estr

y

Fish

erie

s

OTH

ER (N

OT

ELSE

-W

HER

E SP

ECIF

IED

)

FUG

ITIV

E EM

ISSI

ON

S FR

OM

FU

ELS

IND

UST

RIAL

PRO

CESS

-ES

amp P

ROD

UCT

USE

AGRI

CULT

URE

WAS

TE

OTH

ER

IND

IREC

T CO

2

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

8361 7932 1977 5034 921 228 295 3253 152 52 44 4 5305 1990

9062 7674 1803 4970 901 134 296 3042 113 46 37 4 2883 1995

1 0177 7328 1745 4737 846 96 272 3041 105 34 27 4 2802 2000

1 0894 7569 1837 4889 842 105 274 3088 94 38 24 4 4230 2005

1 1030 7482 1892 4779 811 103 285 3112 91 38 23 4 4346 2006

1 1175 6707 1678 4250 778 107 283 3167 94 38 22 4 3932 2007

1 0942 7223 1882 4552 789 98 273 2965 90 37 21 4 2942 2008

1 0573 6983 1796 4418 768 86 256 2332 93 36 20 3 9453 2009

1 0520 7435 1879 4768 788 83 260 2546 91 37 20 4 0638 2010

1 0443 6498 1688 4038 772 81 258 2537 95 36 19 3 9243 2011

1 0133 6662 1657 4249 757 73 250 2403 94 36 18 3 8645 2012

1 0077 6714 1674 4283 757 71 268 2375 101 35 17 3 7792 2013

1 0172 5804 1494 3579 732 68 260 2425 101 35 16 3 6064 2014

1 0362 6053 1549 3774 730 69 264 2434 103 32 17 3 6406 2015

() Excluding international maritime (international traffic departing from the EU) including international aviation () Emissions from Manufacturing and Construction Industrial Processes and Product Use

() Emissions from Fuel Combustion and other Emissions from Agriculture () Emissions from Other (Not elsewhere specified) Fugitive Emissions from

Fuels Waste Indirect CO2 and Other

ENERGY INDUSTRIES

INDUSTRY ()

TRANSPORT ()

RESIDENTIAL

OTHER ()

338

198

285

104

23

YEAR 2015

43

10

CO2 Emissions () EU-28BY SECTOR (MILLION TONNES)

3210

144

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y

FUEL

CO

MB

UST

ION

ENER

GY

IND

UST

RIES

Publ

ic E

lect

rici

ty a

nd

Hea

t Pr

oduc

tion

Petr

oleu

m R

efin

ing

Oth

er

Ener

gy In

dust

ries

MAN

UFA

CTU

RIN

G

AND

CO

NST

RUCT

ION

Iron

and

Ste

el

Non

-Fer

rous

Met

als

Chem

ical

s

Pulp

Pap

er a

nd P

rint

Food

Bev

erag

es

and

Toba

cco

Oth

er

1990 923 993 402 858 73 69 200 211 20 137 41 63 528

1991 928 993 396 862 72 66 190 211 22 137 47 67 516

1992 930 993 393 863 74 63 186 208 22 130 47 70 524

1993 930 993 384 856 80 64 183 206 23 130 48 73 520

1994 926 993 389 852 81 67 185 216 23 137 52 80 492

1995 924 993 384 848 85 66 187 213 24 147 52 82 482

1996 928 993 381 852 86 62 179 202 23 146 52 84 493

1997 925 993 377 847 89 64 181 211 25 142 53 82 487

1998 926 993 381 851 89 59 173 212 26 134 53 82 493

1999 927 993 375 853 88 59 170 202 26 135 52 83 501

2000 925 993 381 856 88 56 171 203 26 136 54 82 499

2001 929 994 384 860 88 52 162 197 28 137 52 84 500

2002 929 993 391 861 87 52 159 192 28 138 54 86 501

2003 928 993 395 866 84 50 157 192 27 140 54 84 504

2004 926 994 390 864 87 50 156 198 26 139 52 82 502

2005 927 993 390 861 89 50 154 195 25 138 54 80 508

2006 926 993 392 862 86 51 152 202 25 136 53 74 510

2007 924 993 400 865 86 49 154 211 25 130 52 74 508

2008 927 993 388 858 91 50 150 209 25 135 49 72 510

2009 937 993 384 860 94 46 135 181 27 143 53 78 517

2010 934 993 380 857 93 50 141 204 26 137 53 77 503

2011 932 993 389 858 93 49 142 206 25 138 52 75 504

2012 934 993 392 868 90 42 138 206 25 139 52 78 499

2013 933 992 380 869 90 42 138 208 20 143 54 79 497

2014 929 992 374 863 93 44 143 214 19 137 51 78 501

2015 929 992 367 861 96 43 142 214 19 136 52 80 499

Indirect emissions from electricity use are not included in the CO2 emissions from fuel combustion by Manufacturing and Construction Transport and other sectors (CommercialInstitutional Residential and AgricultureForestryFisheries)

3210 CO2 Emissions () EU-28BY SECTOR (SHARES )

145

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

OTH

ER S

ECTO

RS

Com

mer

cial

In

stit

utio

nal

Resi

dent

ial

Agri

cult

ure

For

estr

y

Fish

erie

s

OTH

ER (N

OT

ELSE

-W

HER

E SP

ECIF

IED

)

FUG

ITIV

E EM

ISSI

ON

S FR

OM

FU

ELS

IND

UST

RIAL

PRO

CESS

-ES

amp P

ROD

UCT

USE

AGRI

CULT

URE

WAS

TE

OTH

ER

IND

IREC

T CO

2

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

201 191 249 635 116 05 07 72 03 01 01 100 1990

205 205 247 645 108 05 07 67 03 01 01 100 1991

218 198 242 646 111 04 07 65 03 01 01 100 1992

224 206 235 652 113 04 07 65 03 01 01 100 1993

228 195 233 648 119 04 07 69 02 01 01 100 1994

230 195 235 648 117 03 07 71 03 01 01 100 1995

231 206 238 651 111 03 07 68 03 01 01 100 1996

241 198 234 652 114 03 07 70 03 01 01 100 1997

249 194 236 651 113 03 07 70 03 01 01 100 1998

259 193 240 645 115 03 07 69 03 01 01 100 1999

259 186 238 646 115 02 07 71 02 01 01 100 2000

257 195 242 650 108 02 06 67 02 01 01 100 2001

260 188 237 653 111 02 07 67 02 01 01 100 2002

259 187 234 657 109 02 07 68 02 01 01 100 2003

265 186 241 649 110 03 06 70 02 01 01 100 2004

268 186 243 646 111 03 07 70 02 01 01 100 2005

270 183 253 639 108 03 07 70 02 01 01 100 2006

277 166 250 634 116 03 07 72 02 01 01 100 2007

277 183 261 630 109 02 07 69 02 01 01 100 2008

288 190 257 633 110 02 07 59 02 01 01 100 2009

279 197 253 641 106 02 07 63 02 01 00 100 2010

288 179 260 621 119 02 07 65 02 01 00 100 2011

283 186 249 638 114 02 07 62 02 01 00 100 2012

288 192 249 638 113 02 08 63 03 01 00 100 2013

306 175 257 617 126 02 08 67 03 01 00 100 2014

309 180 256 623 121 02 08 67 03 01 00 100 2015

Notes () Excluding LULUCF (Land Use Land ndash Use Change and Forestry) emissions and international maritime including international aviation and indirect CO2 () Excluding international maritime (international traffic departing from the EU) including international aviation

CO2 Emissions () EU-28BY SECTOR (SHARES )

3210

146

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y

FUEL

CO

MB

UST

ION

ENER

GY

IND

UST

RIES

Publ

ic E

lect

rici

ty a

nd

Hea

t Pr

oduc

tion

Petr

oleu

m R

efin

ing

Oth

er

Ener

gy In

dust

ries

MAN

UFA

CTU

RIN

G

AND

CO

NST

RUCT

ION

Iron

and

Ste

el

Non

-Fer

rous

Met

als

Chem

ical

s

Pulp

Pap

er a

nd P

rint

Food

Bev

erag

es

and

Toba

cco

Oth

er

EU-28 3 3821 3 3557 1 2304 1 0593 1177 534 4770 1022 91 650 246 380 2381

BE 887 886 211 163 47 01 134 11 04 32 06 21 59

BG 444 444 302 288 14 00 28 01 01 03 01 03 18

CZ 929 927 533 466 08 59 98 19 01 16 04 10 47

DK 363 361 127 103 10 14 38 01 04 01 10 23

DE 7686 7661 3300 3017 182 102 1260 386 01 00 02 871

EE 157 157 122 110 12 05 00 00 00 00 04

IE 385 385 116 112 04 01 45 00 14 03 00 09 19

EL 721 721 408 355 53 00 52 01 06 04 01 06 33

ES 2655 2617 857 734 118 06 401 57 13 72 38 40 182

FR 3275 3246 418 311 76 31 500 128 08 108 29 72 156

HR 163 160 48 31 14 02 22 01 00 03 01 04 14

IT 3513 3488 1053 787 209 57 515 92 14 105 46 37 221

CY 67 67 30 30 05 00 00 00 01 05

LV 70 70 17 17 01 06 00 00 00 00 01 05

LT 107 107 31 16 14 01 12 03 00 02 06

LU 102 102 05 05 11 03 00 02 00 00 06

HU 422 420 138 120 14 04 43 02 02 04 02 07 27

MT 21 21 09 09 00 00

NL 1693 1672 679 556 98 25 240 37 02 117 09 36 40

AT 543 541 108 76 28 04 103 14 03 15 19 10 42

PL 2927 2892 1627 1537 54 36 278 52 12 60 16 38 100

PT 503 492 182 159 24 77 01 10 11 08 47

RO 695 685 296 270 15 11 124 14 23 02 08 77

SI 129 128 45 45 00 16 02 01 01 03 01 08

SK 256 255 76 48 14 13 67 29 01 05 05 03 24

FI 420 419 160 134 22 03 83 23 01 07 27 02 23

SE 400 392 87 61 26 74 16 10 06 04 38

UK 4288 4243 1317 1032 135 151 530 132 05 42 20 45 285

MK

TR 3414 3412 1358 1284 62 11 574 32 12 61 10 44 415

IS 23 22 00 00 01 00 00 00 00

NO 395 369 153 17 09 128 37 01 01 13 01 03 18

CH 415 415 33 28 04 49 02 01 08 02 07 30

3211 CO2 Emissions () 2015BY SECTOR (MILLION TONNES)

147

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

OTH

ER S

ECTO

RS

Com

mer

cial

In

stit

utio

nal

Resi

dent

ial

Agri

cult

ure

For

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y

Fish

erie

s

OTH

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)

FUG

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E EM

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S FR

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FU

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IND

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RIAL

PRO

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amp P

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UCT

USE

AGRI

CULT

URE

WAS

TE

OTH

ER

IND

IREC

T CO

2

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

1 0362 6053 1549 3774 730 69 264 2434 103 32 17 3 6406 EU-28

304 236 57 160 20 01 01 153 02 03 1044 BE

98 15 03 07 05 01 00 44 01 00 488 BG

182 110 26 72 12 04 02 112 03 01 08 1055 CZ

148 46 08 20 18 02 02 12 02 00 04 382 DK

1834 1257 345 854 58 10 26 447 31 8164 DE

24 06 01 02 03 00 00 03 00 00 160 EE

142 81 17 59 05 00 20 04 00 409 IE

197 63 07 51 05 02 00 57 00 00 778 EL

971 385 110 162 113 03 37 204 05 2863 ES

1480 847 252 484 111 30 229 20 15 3539 FR

62 27 06 15 06 03 19 01 00 183 HR

1145 770 229 471 69 05 26 150 04 01 3669 IT

26 05 01 04 01 00 09 00 76 CY

34 12 04 04 04 00 00 05 00 00 00 76 LV

53 11 03 06 02 00 00 26 01 00 134 LT

70 16 05 11 00 00 00 05 00 107 LU

126 113 31 69 14 00 01 48 02 02 473 HU

10 02 01 00 00 00 00 00 21 MT

422 329 75 163 90 02 21 71 01 02 1767 NL

245 84 18 58 08 00 02 144 01 00 689 AT

479 508 79 336 93 35 185 08 05 3125 PL

192 40 11 18 10 01 12 47 01 00 02 553 PT

169 92 20 62 10 04 09 98 01 00 794 RO

54 13 04 07 02 00 01 07 00 00 137 SI

68 44 15 27 03 00 00 83 01 00 340 SK

130 35 09 13 13 11 01 42 02 01 464 FI

201 27 07 07 13 02 08 53 01 01 455 SE

1496 879 204 634 41 20 46 159 12 03 4462 UK

MK

853 627 231 308 88 02 523 08 00 3945 TR

15 06 00 00 05 02 17 00 00 40 IS

145 31 11 05 15 02 26 66 01 462 NO

201 130 41 85 04 01 00 21 00 00 00 01 438 CH

Notes () Excluding LULUCF (Land Use Land ndash Use Change and Forestry) emissions and international maritime including international aviation and indirect CO2 () Excluding international maritime (international traffic departing from the EU)

including international aviation

CO2 Emissions () 2015BY SECTOR (MILLION TONNES)

3211

148

TOTA

L EN

ERG

Y

FUEL

CO

MB

UST

ION

ENER

GY

IND

UST

RIES

Publ

ic E

lect

rici

ty a

nd

Hea

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oduc

tion

Petr

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efin

ing

Oth

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MAN

UFA

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RIN

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Iron

and

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Met

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Chem

ical

s

Pulp

Pap

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nd P

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Food

Bev

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and

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EU-28 929 992 367 861 96 43 142 214 19 136 52 80 499

BE 849 999 238 771 222 07 151 86 31 237 47 160 439

BG 909 1000 681 955 45 00 64 41 52 123 39 92 653

CZ 881 998 575 874 16 111 106 196 11 163 44 103 483

DK 952 993 351 809 77 113 106 23 101 18 263 594

DE 942 997 431 914 55 31 164 306 01 00 02 691

EE 981 1000 778 901 99 31 00 69 28 20 882

IE 941 1000 302 963 31 06 118 01 320 63 04 195 418

EL 926 1000 566 870 129 01 72 13 114 86 20 120 648

ES 927 986 328 856 138 06 153 142 32 179 95 99 453

FR 925 991 129 745 182 73 154 256 16 215 58 143 312

HR 891 980 299 660 291 49 139 23 05 132 32 158 650

IT 958 993 302 747 199 54 148 179 28 203 89 73 429

CY 882 1000 450 1000 81 05 12 06 137 840

LV 926 1000 249 968 32 91 35 05 43 09 175 734

LT 797 1000 291 532 441 27 110 262 19 204 516

LU 948 1000 45 1000 109 252 43 145 06 19 535

HU 891 997 329 868 104 28 102 40 38 90 36 167 629

MT 999 1000 422 1000 20 1000

NL 958 987 406 819 144 37 144 155 06 488 37 149 165

AT 789 996 200 702 260 39 191 141 29 144 180 99 408

PL 937 988 563 945 33 22 96 186 44 216 57 137 360

PT 910 977 371 870 130 157 17 133 143 104 603

RO 875 987 432 912 52 36 181 115 187 13 68 618

SI 944 991 355 999 01 123 123 67 45 199 57 510

SK 753 999 297 639 191 170 262 428 20 70 71 49 362

FI 904 997 381 840 139 21 198 280 12 89 323 19 276

SE 879 980 222 703 297 190 213 140 81 50 517

UK 961 989 311 783 102 114 125 249 10 80 38 84 538

MK

TR 865 1000 398 946 46 08 168 56 21 107 17 76 723

IS 574 931 02 1000 32 14 152 454 380

NO 855 934 416 109 59 832 102 19 34 351 18 90 488

CH 948 999 78 866 134 119 47 21 152 42 142 596

3211 CO2 Emissions () 2015BY SECTOR (SHARES )

149

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

OTH

ER S

ECTO

RS

Com

mer

cial

In

stit

utio

nal

Resi

dent

ial

Agri

cult

ure

For

estr

y

Fish

erie

s

OTH

ER (N

OT

ELSE

-W

HER

E SP

ECIF

IED

)

FUG

ITIV

E EM

ISSI

ON

S FR

OM

FU

ELS

IND

UST

RIAL

PRO

CESS

-ES

amp P

ROD

UCT

USE

AGRI

CULT

URE

WAS

TE

OTH

ER

IND

IREC

T CO

2

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S

309 180 256 623 121 02 08 67 03 01 00 100 EU-28

343 267 242 675 83 01 01 146 01 03 100 BE

221 34 193 497 311 01 00 90 01 00 100 BG

197 118 235 656 109 04 02 107 03 01 08 100 CZ

410 127 175 435 390 05 07 32 05 01 11 100 DK

239 164 275 679 46 01 03 55 04 100 DE

151 38 154 308 538 02 00 18 01 00 100 EE

369 211 212 722 65 00 48 10 01 100 IE

273 87 114 806 80 03 00 73 00 00 100 EL

371 147 287 420 293 01 14 71 02 100 ES

456 261 298 572 131 09 65 06 04 100 FR

391 170 215 552 233 20 105 04 00 100 HR

328 221 298 612 90 01 07 41 01 00 100 IT

384 81 195 652 152 03 118 00 100 CY

484 175 346 339 316 01 00 69 03 00 02 100 LV

496 100 261 556 183 03 00 198 05 00 100 LT

694 153 305 680 15 00 00 51 01 100 LU

299 269 273 608 119 00 03 101 04 04 100 HU

463 93 690 226 84 02 00 00 100 MT

252 197 228 497 275 01 13 40 00 01 100 NL

453 156 218 687 95 01 04 209 02 00 100 AT

166 176 155 661 183 12 59 02 02 100 PL

390 81 285 451 264 02 23 86 01 00 03 100 PT

246 135 217 673 110 06 13 124 01 00 100 RO

420 103 298 535 166 00 09 52 01 02 100 SI

265 174 335 608 57 02 01 245 02 00 100 SK

310 85 266 357 377 26 03 91 04 01 100 FI

514 69 249 262 489 05 20 117 03 01 100 SE

353 207 232 721 47 05 11 36 03 01 100 UK

MK

250 184 369 491 140 00 133 02 00 100 TR

708 258 04 13 984 69 423 01 02 100 IS

392 84 352 158 490 06 65 143 02 100 NO

485 314 315 653 32 03 01 48 01 00 00 03 100 CH

CO2 Emissions () 2015BY SECTOR (SHARES )

3211

150

180

160

140

120

100

080

060

040

1990 = 1 19

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

1220

1320

1420

15

TOTA

L

CIV

IL A

VIA

TIO

N

Civi

l Avi

atio

n

(dom

esti

c) (

)

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bu

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s ndash

Avia

tion

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

RAIL

WAY

S (

)

TOTA

L N

AVIG

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N

Nav

igat

ion

(d

omes

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Inte

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l Bun

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OTH

ER

TRAN

SPO

RTAT

ION

(

)

TOTA

L TR

ANSP

ORT

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

1990 827 140 686 7103 133 1336 245 1091 53 9451 4 6395

1995 1003 150 854 7671 106 1325 230 1095 51 1 0156 4 3978

2000 1345 197 1148 8458 94 1546 214 1332 66 1 1509 4 4134

2005 1499 194 1305 9012 78 1814 219 1594 85 1 2488 4 5824

2006 1555 194 1361 9092 78 1947 222 1724 84 1 2755 4 6070

2007 1602 196 1406 9202 80 2010 213 1797 77 1 2972 4 5728

2008 1604 191 1413 8971 78 1997 206 1791 83 1 2734 4 4733

2009 1487 178 1308 8738 71 1805 205 1600 72 1 2173 4 1053

2010 1487 176 1311 8687 71 1776 205 1572 70 1 2092 4 2209

2011 1524 171 1353 8593 72 1776 186 1591 68 1 2034 4 0833

2012 1492 164 1328 8332 70 1640 176 1464 63 1 1598 4 0109

2013 1491 152 1340 8289 67 1544 161 1384 69 1 1460 3 9175

2014 1508 148 1360 8388 63 1506 155 1351 58 1 1523 3 7414

2015 1558 149 1409 8523 61 1496 162 1335 58 1 1696 3 7741

3212 CO2 Emissions from TransportEU-28 ndash BY MODE (MILLION TONNES)

151

TOTA

L

CIV

IL A

VIA

TIO

N

Civi

l Avi

atio

n

(dom

esti

c) (

)

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bu

nker

s ndash

Avia

tion

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

RAIL

WAY

S (

)

TOTA

L N

AVIG

ATIO

N

Nav

igat

ion

(d

omes

tic)

()

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bun

kers

ndash

Mar

itim

e Tr

ansp

ort

OTH

ER

TRAN

SPO

RTAT

ION

(

)

TOTA

L TR

ANSP

ORT

(

)

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

1990 87 170 830 752 14 141 184 816 06 204 100

1995 99 149 851 755 10 130 174 826 05 231 100

2000 117 146 854 735 08 134 138 862 06 261 100

2005 120 130 870 722 06 145 121 879 07 273 100

2006 122 125 875 713 06 153 114 886 07 277 100

2007 124 122 878 709 06 155 106 894 06 284 100

2008 126 119 881 705 06 157 103 897 07 285 100

2009 122 120 880 718 06 148 114 886 06 297 100

2010 123 119 881 718 06 147 115 885 06 286 100

2011 127 112 888 714 06 148 105 895 06 295 100

2012 129 110 890 718 06 141 107 893 05 289 100

2013 130 102 898 723 06 135 104 896 06 293 100

2014 131 98 902 728 05 131 103 897 05 308 100

2015 133 96 904 729 05 128 108 892 05 310 100

ROAD TRANSPORTATION

RAILWAYS ()

TOTAL NAVIGATION

OTHER

05

133

729

128 05

YEAR 2015

CO2 Emissions from TransportEU-28 ndash BY MODE (SHARES )

3212

152

TOTA

L

CIV

IL A

VIA

TIO

N

Civi

l Avi

atio

n

(dom

esti

c) (

)

Inte

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l Bu

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s ndash

Avia

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ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

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N

RAIL

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S

TOTA

L N

AVIG

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N

Nav

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(d

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TOTA

L

TRAN

SPO

RT

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

EU-28 1558 149 1409 8523 61 1496 162 1335 58 1 1696 3 7741

BE 42 00 42 255 01 185 04 181 02 484 1225

BG 06 00 05 88 00 03 00 03 03 101 491

CZ 09 00 09 170 03 00 00 01 182 1055

DK 28 01 26 114 02 27 04 23 171 405

DE 265 22 243 1530 09 87 18 69 12 1904 8233

EE 01 00 01 22 01 09 00 09 33 168

IE 25 00 25 112 01 07 02 05 01 147 414

EL 33 04 29 146 01 75 17 58 255 836

ES 171 25 146 781 02 253 14 239 03 1210 3103

FR 219 46 173 1241 04 69 13 56 04 1537 3595

HR 04 00 04 57 01 01 01 00 62 183

IT 117 21 97 983 01 94 39 56 06 1201 3724

CY 08 00 08 18 08 00 08 33 84

LV 03 00 03 29 02 08 00 08 42 84

LT 02 00 02 48 02 03 00 02 01 55 136

LU 14 00 14 56 00 00 00 00 70 107

HU 05 00 05 118 02 00 00 01 126 473

MT 04 00 03 06 51 00 51 61 72

NL 114 00 114 294 01 403 12 391 01 813 2158

AT 22 00 21 216 01 01 00 01 06 246 689

PL 20 01 19 448 03 06 00 06 08 485 3131

PT 35 04 31 154 00 24 03 21 213 574

RO 15 01 14 149 03 03 01 01 00 170 795

SI 01 00 01 53 00 02 02 00 56 139

SK 01 00 01 63 01 00 00 00 02 68 340

FI 21 02 20 103 01 13 04 09 00 139 473

SE 27 05 22 168 00 64 04 61 03 262 516

UK 347 16 331 1102 19 99 24 75 05 1571 4537

MK

TR 152 42 111 679 04 39 11 27 06 881 3973

IS 07 00 07 08 03 00 03 18 43

NO 28 13 15 102 00 22 14 08 153 470

CH 50 01 49 149 00 01 01 00 00 201 438

3213 CO2 Emissions from Transport2015 ndash BY MODE (MILLION TONNES)

153

TOTA

L

CIV

IL A

VIA

TIO

N

Civi

l Avi

atio

n

(dom

esti

c) (

)

Inte

rnat

iona

l Bu

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Avia

tion

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

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N

RAIL

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S

TOTA

L N

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N

Nav

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(d

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TOTA

L

TRAN

SPO

RT (

)

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

EU-28 133 96 904 729 05 128 108 892 05 310 100

BE 86 02 998 527 01 381 22 978 04 395 100

BG 57 70 930 876 05 28 36 964 34 205 100

CZ 49 11 989 932 14 01 1000 04 173 100

DK 161 46 954 668 14 157 139 861 423 100

DE 139 83 917 804 05 46 206 794 06 231 100

EE 23 17 983 674 18 284 43 957 193 100

IE 172 04 996 762 07 48 309 691 10 355 100

EL 128 120 880 572 05 295 231 769 304 100

ES 142 146 854 645 02 209 54 946 02 390 100

FR 142 208 792 807 03 45 187 813 03 427 100

HR 62 80 920 908 09 22 960 40 342 100

IT 98 175 825 819 01 79 409 591 05 322 100

CY 225 01 999 546 230 02 998 400 100

LV 78 05 995 679 49 194 12 988 501 100

LT 45 06 994 868 29 46 53 947 13 406 100

LU 199 00 1000 800 01 00 901 99 658 100

HU 43 08 992 937 12 02 1000 05 266 100

MT 58 11 989 94 848 10 990 843 100

NL 140 03 997 361 01 496 31 969 01 377 100

AT 89 23 977 880 05 03 172 828 24 356 100

PL 41 62 938 924 05 12 19 981 17 155 100

PT 165 104 896 722 01 111 113 887 370 100

RO 88 84 916 876 20 15 492 508 00 214 100

SI 14 26 974 942 07 37 1000 01 402 100

SK 22 25 975 934 12 04 221 779 27 200 100

FI 155 87 913 744 05 96 313 687 00 294 100

SE 102 189 811 640 02 246 56 944 11 508 100

UK 221 46 954 701 12 63 239 761 03 346 100

MK

TR 173 273 727 771 05 44 293 707 07 222 100

IS 376 29 971 442 182 79 921 422 100

NO 183 454 546 667 03 147 644 356 325 100

CH 250 27 973 739 01 07 822 178 02 460 100

CO2 Emissions from Transport2015 ndash BY MODE (SHARES )

3213

154

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

090

1990 = 1 19

9019

9119

9219

9319

9419

9519

9619

9719

9819

9920

0020

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

1220

1320

1420

15

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

Car

s

Lig

ht d

uty

truc

ks

Hea

vy d

uty

truc

ks

and

buse

s

Mot

orcy

cles

Oth

er R

oad

Tr

ansp

orta

tion

TOTA

L TR

ANSP

ORT

(

)

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

1990 7103 4498 663 1851 88 03 9451 46395

1995 7671 4833 749 1995 94 01 10156 43978

2000 8458 5204 931 2218 104 01 11509 44134

2005 9012 5456 1055 2388 110 04 12488 45824

2006 9092 5527 1052 2403 106 04 12755 46070

2007 9202 5569 1090 2435 104 04 12972 45728

2008 8971 5432 1068 2361 107 04 12734 44733

2009 8738 5353 1039 2237 104 04 12173 41053

2010 8687 5243 1056 2280 104 03 12092 42209

2011 8593 5170 1060 2255 104 03 12034 40833

2012 8332 5034 1016 2177 102 03 11598 40109

2013 8289 5006 987 2192 101 03 11460 39175

2014 8388 5110 1005 2165 105 03 11523 37414

2015 8523 5205 1011 2198 106 02 11696 37741

3214 CO2 Emissions from Road Transport ndash EU-28

BY TRANSPORT MEAN (MILLION TONNES)

155

ROAD

TR

ANSP

ORT

ATIO

N

Car

s

Lig

ht d

uty

truc

ks

Hea

vy d

uty

truc

ks

and

buse

s

Mot

orcy

cles

Oth

er R

oad

Tr

ansp

orta

tion

TOTA

L TR

ANSP

ORT

(

)

TOTA

L EM

ISSI

ON

S(

)

1990 752 633 93 261 12 00 204 1000

1995 755 630 98 260 12 00 231 1000

2000 735 615 110 262 12 00 261 1000

2005 722 605 117 265 12 00 273 1000

2006 713 608 116 264 12 00 277 1000

2007 709 605 118 265 11 00 284 1000

2008 705 605 119 263 12 00 285 1000

2009 718 613 119 256 12 00 297 1000

2010 718 604 122 263 12 00 286 1000

2011 714 602 123 262 12 00 295 1000

2012 718 604 122 261 12 00 289 1000

2013 723 604 119 264 12 00 293 1000

2014 728 609 120 258 12 00 308 1000

2015 729 611 119 258 12 00 310 1000

CARS

LIGHT DUTY TRUCKS

MOTORCYCLES

12

611

258

119

YEAR 2015

CO2 Emissions from Road Transport ndash EU-28

BY TRANSPORT MEAN (SHARES )

3214

156Source Internat ional Tanker Owners Pol lut ion Federat ion Ltd

http www i topfcom

NUMBER OF OIL SPILLS TOTAL AMOUNT SPILT

PERIODNumber of

7 to 700 tonnesNumber of

over 700 tonnesTonnes

of oil spilt2016 4 1 6 000 2015 6 2 7 000 2014 4 1 4 000 2013 5 3 7 000 2012 7 0 1 000 2011 4 1 2 000 2010 5 4 12 000 2009 7 2 3 000 2008 7 1 2 000 2007 12 3 15 000 2006 12 4 12 000 2005 22 3 15 000 2000 21 4 14 000

1990-1999 average 281 77 113 300 1980-1989 per 360 94 117 400 1970-1979 year 543 245 319 200

SELECTED MAJOR OIL SPILLS ndash World outside Europe SHIP NAME Year Location Oil lost (t)Atlantic Empress 1979 off Tobago West Indies 287 000 ABT Summer 1991 900 miles off Angola 260 000 Castillo de Bellver 1983 off Saldanha Bay South Africa 252 000 Odyssey 1988 700 miles off Nova Scotia Canada 132 000 Sea Star 1972 Gulf of Oman 115 000 Hawaiian Patriot 1977 300 miles off Honolulu 95 000 Khark 5 1989 off Atlantic Coast of Morocco 70 000 Nova 1985 off Kharg Island Gulf of Iran 70 000 Katina P 1992 Off Maputo Mozambique 67 000 Exxon Valdez 1989 Prince William Sound Alaska 37 000 Hebei Spirit 2007 Taean Republic of Korea 11 000

SELECTED MAJOR OIL SPILLS ndash Europe SHIP NAME Year Location Oil lost (t)Amoco Cadiz 1978 off Brittany France 223 000

Haven 1991 Genoa Italy 144 000

Torrey Canyon 1967 Scilly Isles United Kingdom 119 000

Irenes Serenade 1980 Navarino Bay Greece 100 000

Urquiola 1976 La Coruna Spain 100 000

Independenta 1979 Bosphorus Turkey 95 000

Jakob Maersk 1975 Oporto Portugal 88 000

Braer 1993 Shetland Islands United Kingdom 85 000

Aegean Sea 1992 La Coruna Spain 74 000

Sea Empress 1996 Milford Haven United Kingdom 72 000

Prestige 2002 Cape Finistere Spain 63 000

Erika 1999 Brittany France 20 000

3215 Oil Spills at Sea

157

NOTES

158

NOTES

159

NOTES

160

NOTES

Getting in touch with the EUIN PERSON

All over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe Direct Information Centres You can find the address of the centre nearest you at httpeuropaeucontact

ON THE PHONE OR BY E-MAIL

Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union You can contact this service by freephone 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls) or at the following standard number +32 22999696 or by electronic mail httpeuropaeucontact

Finding information about the EU

ONLINE

Information about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website at httpeuropaeu

EU PUBLICATIONS

You can download or order free and priced EU publications from EU Bookshop at httppublicationseuropaeueubookshop Multiple copies of free publica-tions may be obtained by contacting Europe Direct or your local information centre httpeuropaeucontact

EU LAW AND RELATED DOCUMENTS

For access to legal information from the EU including all EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions go to EUR-Lex at httpeur-lexeuropaeu

OPEN DATA FROM THE EU

The EU Open Data Portal (httpdataeuropaeueuodp) provides access to datasets from the EU Data can be downloaded and reused for free both for commercial and non-commercial purposes

MI-AA-16-002-EN

-N

ISBN 978-92-79-62312-7

PARTthinsp1 General data
- 11General Data
- 12Growth in GDP and Industrial Production
- 13Employment and Unemployment
- 14Share of Gross Value Added and Employment by Sector
- 15Population
- 16aMember States External Trade of Goods imports
- 16bMember States External Trade of Goods exports
- 17Comparison EU-28 ndash World General data
- - PARTthinsp2 Transport
  - - 21General
    - - 211Statistical Overview EU Transport
      - 212Transport Growth EU-28
      - 213Road transport Speed Limits Blood Alcohol Limits
      - 214Road transport Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight
      - 215Employment by Mode of Transport
      - 216Number of Entreprises by Mode of Transport
      - 218Final Consumption ofthinspHouseholdsthinspforthinspTransport
      - 219EU-28 Evolution of Consumer Prices forthinspPassenger Transport
      - 2110EU-28 External Trade by Mode of Transport
      - 2111Energy taxes as of GDP ndash Transport fuel taxes ()
      - 2112Environmental taxes as of GDP ndash Transport (excl fuel) ()
      - 2113Environmental taxes on transport (fuel and other taxes) as of total taxation ()
      - 2114Comparison EU-28 ndash World InfrastructurethinspandthinspVehicles
      - 2115Comparison EU-28 ndash World PassengerthinspandthinspFreight Transport
      - 22Performance of Freight Transport expressed in tonne-kilometres
        
        221EU-28 Performance by Mode forthinspFreightthinspTransport ndash 1995ndash2012
        
        222EU-28 Performance by Mode
        
        
        224aRoad National Haulage
        
        224bRoad International Haulage ()
        
        224cRoad NationalthinspandthinspInternationalthinspHaulagethinsp()
        
        225Railways
        
        226Inland Waterways
        
        227Pipelines (Oil)
        
        228USA
        
        23Performance of Passenger Transport expressed in passenger-kilometres
        
        231EU-28 Performance by Mode for Passenger Transport ndash 1995ndash2012
        
        
        233Modal Split of Passenger Transport onthinspLand by Country ndash 2012
        
        234Passenger Cars
        
        235Buses amp Coaches
        
        236Tram amp Metro
        
        237Railways
        
        238Rail
        
        239USA
        
        24Performance of Freight and Passenger Transport Using Other Indicators
        
        241Air PassengerthinspTrafficthinspBetweenthinspMemberthinspStates
        
        242Air Major European Airlines
        
        243Air Passenger Traffic at Major EU Airports
        
        244aAir Main Intra-EU Airport Pairs inthinspPassengerthinspTransport
        
        244bAir Main Connections Between EU andthinspNon‑EU Airports in Passenger Transport
        
        245Air FreightthinspTrafficthinspat Major EU Airports
        
        246Air Movements ofthinspAircraftthinspatthinspMajorthinspEUthinspAirports
        
        247Sea Inward and Outward Flow of Passengers by Country
        
        248Sea Passenger Traffic at Major EU Seaports
        
        249Sea Freight Traffic at Major EU Seaports
        
        2410Sea Intra-EU Maritime Transport
        
        2411Sea Container Traffic at Major EU Seaports
        
        2412Combined Transport Traffic
        
        2413Road Alps Crossing Freight Traffic
        
        2414Road Pyrenees Crossing Traffic
        
        2415Rail Degree of Market Opening ndash Passengers
        
        2416Rail Degree of Market Opening ndash Freight
        
        2417Rail Alps and Pyrenees Crossing Freight Traffic
        
        2418 Channel Tunnel Traffic
        
        25Infrastructure
        
        251Road Length of Motorways
        
        252Road Length of Road Network
        
        253Railways Length of Lines in Use
        
        254Railways High-Speed Rail Network
        
        255Railways Main Railway Gauge and Electric Current Used
        
        256Air Number of Airports
        
        257Inland Waterways Length In Use
        
        258Pipelines
        
        26Means of Transport
        
        261Road Motorisation
        
        262Road Passenger Cars
        
        263Road Buses and Coaches
        
        264Road Goods Vehicles
        
        265Road Powered Two-wheelers
        
        
        267Road goods vehicles
        
        
        269Road Motorcycles
        
        2610Road Mopeds
        
        2611Sea EU Merchant Fleet
        
        2612aSea World Merchant Fleet
        
        2612bSea World Merchant Fleet
        
        2613Air passenger aircraft
        
        2614Air freight special business aircraft
        
        2615Rail Locomotives and Railcars
        
        2616Rail Passenger Transport Vehicles
        
        2617Rail Goods Transport Wagons
        
        27Safety
        
        271Road Fatalities
        
        272Road Fatalities Country Rankings
        
        273aRoad Fatalities by Type of User
        
        273bRoad Fatalities of Vehicle Occupantsby type of vehicle
        
        274Road Accidents
        
        275Railway Fatalities
        
        276Air Lives Lost
        
        277Sea Ships Lost (World)
        
        PART 3Energythinspand environment
        
        31Energy
        
        311Glossary
        
        312Average Calorific Values ndash Energy Content
        
        313Conversion Factors
        
        314Energy Statistics for EU-28
        
        315Final Energy Consumption by Sector 2012 (Mtoe)
        
        316Final Consumption of Petrol Diesel and Biofuels for Transport ndash by Fuel 2012 (ktoe)
        
        317Biofuels Production by Fuel 2012 (ktoe)
        
        32Environment
        
        321Total Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) ()
        
        322GHG Emissions () from Transport
        
        323
        
        GHG Emissions () by Sector ndash EU-28
        
        324
        
        GHG Emissions () by Sector ndash 2012
        
        325GHG Emissions from Transport ndash EU-28 by mode (million tonnes CO2 equivalent)
        
        326GHG Emissions from Transport ndash 2012 by mode (million tonnes CO2 equivalent)
        
        327Total CO2 Emissions ()
        
        328CO2 Emissions from Transport
        
        329
        
        CO2 Emissions () by Sector ndash EU-28
        
        3210
        
        CO2 Emissions () by Sector ndash 2012
        
        3211CO2 Emissions from Transport ndash EU-28 by mode (million tonnes)
        
        3212CO2 Emissions from Transport ndash 2012 by mode (million tonnes)
        
        3213Oil Spills at Sea

Page 2: EU TRANSPORT · 2017. 10. 6. · 1 EU TRANSPORT IN FIGURES – STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK 2017 PREFACE Transport represents a crucial sector of the economy. This publication provides