Clouds, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Clouds, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Composition from Satellites Composition from Satellites Cloud optical, Cloud optical, microphysical, and radiative microphysical, and radiative properties properties – Terra, Aqua, ICESat Terra, Aqua, ICESat Aerosol optical and Aerosol optical and microphysical properties microphysical properties – Terra, Aqua, SeaWiFS Terra, Aqua, SeaWiFS Atmospheric profiles Atmospheric profiles – Terra, Aqua Terra, Aqua Summary and resources Summary and resources – Data availability Data availability – Collection 5 reprocessing Collection 5 reprocessing schedule schedule Michael D. King Michael D. King EOS Senior Project Scientist EOS Senior Project Scientist NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Transcript
Clouds, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Composition Clouds, Aerosols, and Atmospheric Composition from Satellitesfrom Satellites
Aerosol optical and Aerosol optical and microphysical propertiesmicrophysical properties– Terra, Aqua, SeaWiFSTerra, Aqua, SeaWiFS
Atmospheric profilesAtmospheric profiles– Terra, AquaTerra, Aqua
Summary and resourcesSummary and resources– Data availabilityData availability– Collection 5 reprocessing Collection 5 reprocessing
scheduleschedule
Michael D. KingMichael D. KingEOS Senior Project ScientistEOS Senior Project Scientist
NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA Goddard Space Flight Center
MODIS Cloud Mask (MODIS Cloud Mask (MOD35/MYD35MOD35/MYD35))(S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, R. A. Frey, K. I. Strabala - U. (S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel, R. A. Frey, K. I. Strabala - U.
Wisc.)Wisc.) MODIS cloud mask uses multispectral imagery to indicate whether MODIS cloud mask uses multispectral imagery to indicate whether
the scene is clear, cloudy, or affected by shadowsthe scene is clear, cloudy, or affected by shadows Cloud mask is input to many atmosphere and land algorithmsCloud mask is input to many atmosphere and land algorithms Mask is generated at 250 m and 1 km resolutionsMask is generated at 250 m and 1 km resolutions Mask uses Mask uses 20 spectral bands20 spectral bands ranging from 0.55-13.93 µm ranging from 0.55-13.93 µm
– 11 different spectral tests are performed, with different tests being 11 different spectral tests are performed, with different tests being conducted over each of 5 different domains (land, ocean, coast, snow, and conducted over each of 5 different domains (land, ocean, coast, snow, and desert)desert)
– Temporal consistency test is run over the oceansTemporal consistency test is run over the oceans– Spatial variability is run over the oceansSpatial variability is run over the oceans
Algorithm based on radiance thresholds in the infrared, and Algorithm based on radiance thresholds in the infrared, and reflectance and reflectance ratio thresholds in the visible and near-reflectance and reflectance ratio thresholds in the visible and near-infraredinfrared
Cloud mask consists of Cloud mask consists of 48 bits of information48 bits of information for each pixel, for each pixel, including results of individual tests and the processing path usedincluding results of individual tests and the processing path used– Bits 1 & 2 give combined results (confident clear, probably clear, probably Bits 1 & 2 give combined results (confident clear, probably clear, probably
cloudy, cloudy)cloudy, cloudy)
True Color Composite (0.65, 0.56, 0.47)True Color Composite (0.65, 0.56, 0.47)
Terra/MODIS Cloud MaskTerra/MODIS Cloud Mask (S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel – NOAA/NESDIS, Univ. Wisconsin)(S. A. Ackerman, W. P. Menzel – NOAA/NESDIS, Univ. Wisconsin)
King et al. (2003)King et al. (2003)
Cloud MaskCloud Mask
June 4, 2001June 4, 2001
ConfidenConfident Cleart Clear
Probably Probably ClearClear
CloudyCloudyProbably Probably CloudyCloudy
Monthly Mean Cloud Fraction during DaytimeMonthly Mean Cloud Fraction during Daytime(M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC)(M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC)
April 2003 (April 2003 (Collection 4Collection 4))
Zonal Mean Cloud Fraction during DaytimeZonal Mean Cloud Fraction during Daytime(M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC)(M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC)
April 2004 (April 2004 (Collection 4Collection 4))1.01.0
Clo
ud F
ract
ion (
Dayti
me)
Clo
ud F
ract
ion (
Dayti
me)
0.00.0
0.40.4
-90-90
0.90.9
0.80.8
0.60.6
0.50.5
0.20.2
-60-60 -30-30 00 3030 6060 9090LatitudeLatitude
0.70.7
0.30.3
0.10.1
TerraTerra AquaAquaOceanOcean
LandLand
Time Series of Cloud Fraction during the DaytimeTime Series of Cloud Fraction during the Daytime(M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC)(M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC)
Combined Elevation and Atmospheric DataCombined Elevation and Atmospheric Data
An ICESat first day track (2/20/03) across AntarcticaAn ICESat first day track (2/20/03) across Antarctica
Vertical exaggeration 50x, 1064 nm data only, RADARSAT mosaic image from CSAVertical exaggeration 50x, 1064 nm data only, RADARSAT mosaic image from CSA
GLAS Global Cloud CoverGLAS Global Cloud Cover(J. D. Spinhirne et al. – NASA GSFC)(J. D. Spinhirne et al. – NASA GSFC)
October 16-November 16, 2003October 16-November 16, 2003
70% Global Cloud Cover70% Global Cloud Cover45% Single Layer Cloud Cover45% Single Layer Cloud Cover25% Multiple Layer Cloud 25% Multiple Layer Cloud CoverCover
1.01.0
0.00.0
Cum
ula
tive F
req
uency
Cum
ula
tive F
req
uency
0.60.6
0.40.4
0.80.8
0.20.2
Number of LayersNumber of Layers00 11 22 33 44 55
MODIS Cloud Product (MODIS Cloud Product (MOD06/MYD06MOD06/MYD06) ) (M. D. King, S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, B. C. Gao – GSFC, NOAA, (M. D. King, S. Platnick, W. P. Menzel, B. C. Gao – GSFC, NOAA,
NRL)NRL) Cloud physical, radiative, and microphysical propertiesCloud physical, radiative, and microphysical properties
– Cloud top pressure, temperature, and effective emissivityCloud top pressure, temperature, and effective emissivityCOCO22 slicing for middle and high clouds ( slicing for middle and high clouds (ppcc < 700 hPa < 700 hPa))11 µm brightness temperature for low clouds11 µm brightness temperature for low clouds
– Cloud optical thickness, thermodynamic phase, and effective radiusCloud optical thickness, thermodynamic phase, and effective radiusCloud phase determined from cloud mask tests, bispectral threshold (8.5 Cloud phase determined from cloud mask tests, bispectral threshold (8.5
& 11 µm), and shortwave infrared tests (1.6 and 2.1 µm)& 11 µm), and shortwave infrared tests (1.6 and 2.1 µm)Surface reflectance from MODIS ecosystem and albedo productsSurface reflectance from MODIS ecosystem and albedo productsSolar reflectance technique using visible through midwave infrared bandsSolar reflectance technique using visible through midwave infrared bands
– Effective radius determined separately using 1.6, 2.1 (baseline), and Effective radius determined separately using 1.6, 2.1 (baseline), and 3.7 µm bands3.7 µm bands
– Effective radius and optical thickness computed using alternative 1.6 Effective radius and optical thickness computed using alternative 1.6 and 2.1 µm algorithm for ocean and snow/sea ice surfaces (and 2.1 µm algorithm for ocean and snow/sea ice surfaces (new in new in collection 5collection 5))
– Thin cirrus reflectance in the visibleThin cirrus reflectance in the visibleUses 1.38 µm band to determine thin cirrus and then estimates cirrus Uses 1.38 µm band to determine thin cirrus and then estimates cirrus
reflectance at visible bandsreflectance at visible bands
True Color Composite (0.65, 0.56, 0.47)True Color Composite (0.65, 0.56, 0.47)
Terra/MODIS Cloud Thermodynamic PhaseTerra/MODIS Cloud Thermodynamic Phase (M. D. King, S. Platnick, J. Ri(M. D. King, S. Platnick, J. Riédi et al.édi et al. – NASA GSFC, U. Lille) – NASA GSFC, U. Lille)
Terra/MODIS Cloud Top Pressure and Terra/MODIS Cloud Top Pressure and TemperatureTemperature
(W. P. Menzel – NOAA/NESDIS, Univ. Wisconsin)(W. P. Menzel – NOAA/NESDIS, Univ. Wisconsin)Cloud Top Pressure (hPa)Cloud Top Pressure (hPa) Cloud Top Temperature (K)Cloud Top Temperature (K)
Collection 5Collection 5
Cloud Top Pressure (hPa)Cloud Top Pressure (hPa) Cloud Top Temperature (K)Cloud Top Temperature (K)250250 275275150150 175175 200200 300300225225
Spatially Complete Spectral Albedo MapsSpatially Complete Spectral Albedo Maps(E. G. Moody, M. D. King, S. Platnick, C. B. Schaaf, F. Gao – GSFC, (E. G. Moody, M. D. King, S. Platnick, C. B. Schaaf, F. Gao – GSFC,
BU)BU)
Moody et al. (2005)Moody et al. (2005)Moody et al. (2005)Moody et al. (2005)
Snow Albedo by Forest EcosystemsSnow Albedo by Forest EcosystemsNorthern Hemisphere Multiyear Average (2000-2004)Northern Hemisphere Multiyear Average (2000-2004)
Snow Albedo for Sparse Vegetation EcosystemsSnow Albedo for Sparse Vegetation EcosystemsNorthern Hemisphere Multiyear Average (2000-2004)Northern Hemisphere Multiyear Average (2000-2004)
Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective RadiusCloud Optical Thickness and Effective Radius (M. D. King, S. Platnick – NASA GSFC)(M. D. King, S. Platnick – NASA GSFC)
Uncertainty (%)Uncertainty (%)Collection 5Collection 5 March 22, 2001March 22, 20011010
Monthly Mean Cloud Effective RadiusMonthly Mean Cloud Effective Radius(M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC)(M. D. King, S. Platnick et al. – NASA GSFC)
April 2003 (April 2003 (Collection 4Collection 4))QA MeanQA Mean
California / California Current RegimeCalifornia / California Current RegimeMonthly Joint Histogram Counts of Liquid Water Clouds over Monthly Joint Histogram Counts of Liquid Water Clouds over
MODIS Aerosol Product (MODIS Aerosol Product (MOD04/MYD04MOD04/MYD04))(Y. J. Kaufman, L. A. Remer, D. Tanré - NASA GSFC, Univ. Lille)(Y. J. Kaufman, L. A. Remer, D. Tanré - NASA GSFC, Univ. Lille)
Seven MODIS bands are utilized to derive aerosol propertiesSeven MODIS bands are utilized to derive aerosol properties– 0.47, 0.55, 0.65, 0.86, 1.24, 1.64, and 2.13 µm0.47, 0.55, 0.65, 0.86, 1.24, 1.64, and 2.13 µm– OceanOcean
reflectance contrast between cloud-free atmosphere and ocean reflectance contrast between cloud-free atmosphere and ocean reflectance (dark)reflectance (dark)
aerosol optical thickness (0.55-2.13 µm)aerosol optical thickness (0.55-2.13 µm)size distribution characteristics (fraction of aerosol optical thickness in the size distribution characteristics (fraction of aerosol optical thickness in the
fine particle mode; effective radius)fine particle mode; effective radius)– LandLand
dense dark vegetation and semi-arid regions determined where aerosol is dense dark vegetation and semi-arid regions determined where aerosol is most transparent (2.13 µm)most transparent (2.13 µm)
contrast between Earth-atmosphere reflectance and that for dense dark contrast between Earth-atmosphere reflectance and that for dense dark vegetation surface (0.47 and 0.66 µm)vegetation surface (0.47 and 0.66 µm)
aerosol optical thickness (0.47 and 0.66 µm)aerosol optical thickness (0.47 and 0.66 µm) fraction of aerosol optical thickness in the fine particle modefraction of aerosol optical thickness in the fine particle mode
Terra/MODIS Aerosol Optical Thickness Terra/MODIS Aerosol Optical Thickness (Y. J. Kaufman, L. A. Remer, D. Tanré - NASA GSFC, Univ. Lille)(Y. J. Kaufman, L. A. Remer, D. Tanré - NASA GSFC, Univ. Lille)
King et al. (2003)King et al. (2003)
0.40.4 0.80.80.00.0 0.20.2 0.60.6 1.01.0
True Color Composite (0.65, 0.56, 0.47)True Color Composite (0.65, 0.56, 0.47) Aerosol Optical ThicknessAerosol Optical Thickness
aa (0.56 µm) (0.56 µm)
May 4, 2001May 4, 2001
sunglintsunglint
MODIS Monthly Mean Aerosol Optical ThicknessMODIS Monthly Mean Aerosol Optical Thickness(Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanré, L. A. Remer – NASA GSFC, Univ. of Lille)(Y. J. Kaufman, D. Tanré, L. A. Remer – NASA GSFC, Univ. of Lille)
TerraTerraSeptember 2000September 2000
Fine ModeFine Mode– Industrial pollutionIndustrial pollution
China, India, US, EuropeChina, India, US, Europe– Smoke from biomass Smoke from biomass
burningburning Brazil and BoliviaBrazil and Bolivia southern Africa (DRC, southern Africa (DRC,
Sahara, Arabian SeaSahara, Arabian Sea– Sea saltSea salt
Southern oceanSouthern ocean
Utilize solar reflectance at Utilize solar reflectance at = 412, 490, and = 412, 490, and 670 nm to retrieve aerosol optical thickness 670 nm to retrieve aerosol optical thickness ((aa) and single scattering albedo () and single scattering albedo (oo))
Less sensitive to aerosol height, compared to Less sensitive to aerosol height, compared to UV methodsUV methods
Works well on retrieving aerosol properties Works well on retrieving aerosol properties over various types of surfaces, including very over various types of surfaces, including very bright desertbright desert
Deep Blue Algorithm for SeaWiFS & MODISDeep Blue Algorithm for SeaWiFS & MODIS(N. C. Hsu, S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, and J. R. Herman – NASA (N. C. Hsu, S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, and J. R. Herman – NASA
GSFC)GSFC)
Hsu et al. (2004)Hsu et al. (2004)
Aerosol Optical Thickness of Dust plumes in Africa Aerosol Optical Thickness of Dust plumes in Africa
(N. C. Hsu, S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, and J. R. Herman – NASA GSFC)(N. C. Hsu, S. C. Tsay, M. D. King, and J. R. Herman – NASA GSFC)
