/Mif

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

4291

EVALUATION OF THE BOSTITCH STAPLER METHOD

FOR APPLYING ASPHALT SHINGLES

By

W. G® Cullen

H.R, Snoke

For

Underwriting Division

Federal Housing Administration

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCESinclair Weeks, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSA. V. Astin, Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards is suggested in the following listing

of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section is engaged in

specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its title. A brief

description of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the inside

of the back cover of this report.

Electricity and Electronics. Resistance and Reactance. Electron Tubes. Electrical Instru-

ments. Magnetic Measurements. Process Technology. Engineering Electronics. Electronic

Instrumentation. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Engineering Metrology.

Heat and Power. Temperature Measurements. Thermodynamics. Cryogenic Physics.

Engines and Lubrication. Engine Fuels.

Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid

State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. X-rays.

Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment. AEC Radiation Instruments.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Gas Chemistry. Physical Chemistry. Thermo-

chemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics.

Mass and Scale. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls.

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifica-

tions. Polymer Structure. Organic Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion.

Mineral Products. Porcelain and Pottery. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Con-

creting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Heating and Air Con-

ditioning. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Specifications.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathe-

matical Physics.

Data Processing Systems. Components and Techniques. Digital Circuitry. Digital Systems.

Analogue Systems.

Cryogenic Engineering. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials.

Gas Liquefaction.

Radio Propagation Physics. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular

Propagation Services.

Radio Propagation Engineering. Frequency Utilization Research. Tropospheric Propagation

Research.

Radio Standards. High Frequency Standards. Microwave Standards.

• Office of Basic Instrumentation • Office of Weights and Measures

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tofclasu, Us® H&iioami oi fetented to

m&lmt® to pmtmmm® a£ Mjtuut »htetgim with

to li-4 stapling hmm^T^ using 3A In. staples.

Acmptmcm o£ ngl* zq&Li &ppll*d with staples

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e&Ongle ®mmz;mbm&?& mm not imwwg to us®

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llw principal «te«ntftft cl&imd far to stapling method

«&* a feavijr^g £& labor oost ranging: froa a& ftp 35 percent,

%*» Sapling a*tod is o&ip &mmmM»& for net^reef work*

A*-. . .

f^, aareai* proposed to *to its ew&a&tto fcr «*©

js#todsf field stole# «f actual roof's applied vlUi staples

ii* **«## representing variaags sUsstie etoiaons* and i&i,-

oratory stusUa# to detereto reel#ten*# vo tor*

In to field studies, particular' it^aUoft uss tUU toted

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:'^ iM <M ; 'fe -’* < -.

a* •’tf'pesrenee oi roof*

fe* ®*&*?ier of stapled tongles in areas tort wind

damage to 4spl1r.lt siiluglss was .m&im to occur *A>>,v < i ”-.

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a. ?oi>itiaEiiiig «f staplM (*«b4«bmsb).

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Laboratory studies mm proposed to d*t£nsi&MM

a* i-yelatiw resistance to max of asphalt shingles

applied by mXIXug sne by with staples $!*£*<» ha.i-

sontaliy, vertically tmd at m angle of hf* to the b&m lim

of »&& istiingl**«

b* Fractioaoillty of tbs. stapling iscthod X'«r

applying sepbeXt sltlngles bo >/Xfc In* plywood decks*

bhIXe uot listed as a specific task, wu dor*© by

other laboratories , where nlfnifleant 9has brau inelousd*

In

3*1 (totter*!*

Field inspections were made on structures located

in f states and the ofstrict of C-olwUi* XM ere** varied

greatly in climatic condition** burnercue structures* r*p-

resenting the construction of soss® 25 builders, were inspected

critically and imsay hundreds user® mm otemrrmI itm the-

ground* fhe filing price of the houses Inspected varied

from 110,000* to #50,000* Umy had boon accepted lor f , M* X*

KVtptfi insurance#

Many contractors and roof »*ofcMEiles were interviewed

to obtain t&cir ©pinions regarding the advantages or die-

edeantejee ©f using the stapling method for the application

of asphalt shingles* Occupants of duellings with stapled

roofs were also asked to express satisfaction or die-

satisfaction with their stapled roofs*

this field work could not have been accomplished without

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the c-oope't^lou o£ Um M&itt&ml n oi H<ne Builders*

o££J$# oi tills assisted in locating

asv«levents i^sr* t&& stapling **« used and «rxcn#NI with

jg&mter contractors la the i'ieXd to itosssi roprsssniative &

fcjr providing trimpart*tlon* i&ddors «&& eUMtr litclXltlfcs# -lie

authors express slxusere epp®#cihtioa for this zzmll^ut co-

operation* doth in m$fain0m nidi in tbs liela#

3.2 location# 0#Xf#ie4*

1. C&&p Indent* f s~Xnbmi&*

1. Baltimore* Maryland*

3* D«yt«£i$ Ohio.

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Peoria s Illinois! Mioisdg«m$ ProvidA&q*

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I3b» tailoring is a general fftpHoatlGn oi i&m 0fe«#rvfciion&

reported in the progress report*

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3*3 Observations*

3 *3*1 appearance*

the apj^iorsme of suo asphalt-thin&a roof®

applied by the eiapl&ng aet&dd wait generally *ao&« they

appeared m dlflerent fro® «hJU)«X«» applied by the coaven-

tlosaai aiming asethod* he*awilft** of the £«#««•** a u£wd#

the appearance of Uaa shingle* depended upe® the condition

of the roof deed# &ie nafceriala need and* m&% laipertmt 9

the skill of %im ahlhgl* applicator*

3 *3* a heaiataaoa to --amU

evidence of failure of atapl.- 0 asphalt sfciagle

roof# dOii# by wind waa dbaarved o® structure# at damp

liyskr, *4Uhaaaa$ fearifc* Illinois § iMilagf Michigan and

Booteea* in %3mi ether #i£ ar*a& visited# no

vino daaag^ w&a reported or observed*

On many roof a at bahp auclsar f < JUua&a# both nails smd

staples ware usied* uewvm, neither type fastener was

responsible in my way, for tbo wind damage* She shingles

had been sagged nppro&lftately X4 years ana were very

brittle* 4am subjected to high vi&ds# the shingle tabs

bretti oil at a Una where the next, course of sfcifcglea over-

lapped*

rfce vim damage repoxted at boston am Fearia occurred

during unusually severe windstore# end# at Peoria# it was

reported that nailed shingles vert daesaged to at least the

same extent*

4

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lb «* •**»& &$£ &%mm mill & d« Xio

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h&v?u •%»%<> til to^ 3t to mtm'i £* h®$ $$0% $$&&& Mhr **£

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«b0U1 £&**£ dm •$ mm s&X&isXjte h&lim st&ste bus^i^qpt

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Xn one development of a hundred dwellings, at £ tony

Brook VJJUUnk* a***4 Boston, it was reported that hall' of

%hM asphalt-shingle roofs were stalled and half wore nidled.

Xt was reported also that wind damage resulting in Insurance

cladm& amounting to approximately $500 was suffered fcy

the stapled roofs during one of tfea l#j% hurricanes, while

the damage to the ha^£‘d roofs m& eonsldsrahly less iMn that.

Inspection of the roofs at stony Brook ?lll&go showed

that only four staples per shingle were used and that most

of the staples mre placed too high* On the hailed roofs,

four mils wore used per shingle # tut fcha nails wore placed

eorraefly

*

Xu every case of wind damage reported on cither nailed

or stapled shingles, the dingier were torn, leaving the

fasteners in place* fi&$ would indicate adequate holding

power for both mils and staples* Relative realstame of

nf&lM end stapled shingle® to tearing- is reported in.

Section

3*3*% Resistance of Staples to Corrosion in Service*

ft© serious corrosion of the staples vas observed*

A whit®, salWliko which appeared to be m oxidation

product of the tine coating ¥M noted on the crown of a as-

hex* of staples* a slight rusting was noted on the crown of

soto staples which had been exposed mors then 10 years. Ho

corrosion was observed on the legs «r staples* Serious

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was oiser -md only on staples exposed directly to Ui#

weather »

any corrosion observed was mt considered ealfiQieiii to

impair to Xiie oX the staples during to Ilf# of to shingles*

3*3.5 fceso&tiea pi Holding Fever ox staples*

On practically every roof exaai&ed is was possible

to find staples tot lieu cote loose* However# staples are

apparently Xc&s likely to cos:© loose than nails, The mmmt

of loose staples- found, on any roof was insignificant* Ko ease

was reported where the use of staples emtrlbuied to a leaky

roof•

3*3*-' Fositfo&ing ox 1 tapis s (h

m

&caness 3 •

the practice of placing staples too high was

found to a lesser or greater extent on roofs in all cress

vislteci* la Many eases the staples were applied up to 3 4»#

above a line drawn through the top of the cut-outs ex'* X in.*

above the head-lap* This defect itx to application of

asphalt shingles is frequently found regardless of to type

of fasteners used ansi probe oly contributes more to the pra-

.mature failure due to wind ton any othet cause*

She improper placement of the staples was attributed to

the earelft** or, in many eases# the misinformed. applicator.

the positlonini of to staples on 90 percent of to

roofs inspected, in relation to the long axis of to shingle,

ranged from parallel to perpendicular and at angles between,

this condition occurred as a result of to applicator reach-

\L> -xl,v it >*n ,. %v •iuXUrt

-<J' t0®X®lXim -oa » .OfcV X*®C ; .¥v yT;¥^ yv*.

^,sJ;il::^r yo lO #T,t . £<:.. .CjeX^v r ^:*v Xo U-. '.4.^4

.

.-

. - . •. .. -

. i

, . x .v .

.... :

g#i;:.u : * t Lv-.;, : , » ..i*o©X >s#: .; „su ; -uj ^.-

. . . ..'.•

«** v.i -X .'. jw t

i.»¥ 3^8 os &«aai .,;

&&S4$*s £0 #:s.~ *dk -aw-, .<•..>. -ovy

. (?,::: -, ::#£&a,»K ) a $£4;J ~ io &tlwr? U= ,.*:> i. •-.

,

i , -

o-r • j%jyrl aptf "-a $vi- .•-..w-* -X

,Ui< #$. t.’&Hy* m to li-*# •&.. 4 «w 0100 ‘1

« 5 i- C w *0*2$ yxao ol » i^v-i o,

..: .. 1 . v\'- ,, .1; a .. ...

' &i mli.

-

'.i> 00 .*s;

>v .>£&£&:* ^ 4l •;/.;. a£i& *j&;*

v.-. OX &&£$*&-- • -

. > •• - • -

*«f£f?3© tmU® W& ttKgjf $«4fe Sfef

tu- v£W "S8> £^m>tyUc W -

.-'

'

... .-;. ., . .. .

Iv «IC&S ;•£:; C4 ;?o <*& V© ca'v

*^nMt §0 M %&Z& #*$I ¥r';j 03 <«£#&.&>* ri •* x©o* !

$$*$££ ,fo to XcXX AS zX :%$$&%

’io-/.5oiJo«vA ^iic? ic '.i./itaT a ?:.« tovrmtzm a^MX‘hm& aM*

-

Ing to tho left and to the right as far as possible without

dhimg&ig position, Hany contractors felt that the Imphaaord

positioning is a definite adTsnt&b* to the tearing-through

resistance, while others sl&imd. it is definitely better

to haw &11 staple* positioned In smh a mraaor that they

are parallel to the long axis or the shingle. Heeleteno*

to tearing of nailed sfclngleft and of shingles with staples

placed parallel, pex'pendicoXar and &% ggu angle to the base

line of the sailng.1# is given in Section 4.1.4.

JS.• - >

4.1 Kesietaato to fear m£ bailed and stapled whiles#

4*1.1 laboratory tests wore devised to determine

the xealstaao* to tearing of talngLo* fastened with mm and

two nails and with staples placed parallel, pc^pe.jdiculav

and at on anglo of 4jp to the base line of the shingle *

4*1*2 Haterl&ls s

Flywool pimeIt, 3/8 by 4 by 7 in*

3tri9» of tala portion, of taicl^butt aaphalt

fihifcgler, 4 by 5 1/2 in.

Strip® of thick portion of thick-butt asphalt

Shingles, 4 by 7 1/2 ixu

bostitoh 7050 3/4-in. staples.

Hoofing nails - 3/8-in. dtou head.

-

1

i* tnft km siV'l-:i mU tej Zt$l «e& o~l %rJ

w& l;;iU J$&k '{m^ .zmiZisoq '&&®euuto

tc44-mf %10'Mj. *Jt it *t&z£i*£® ai:mt>< agjti&f 9*kwc *£t*s

{**$ tmm&ii 4 *iP$® -r £s srw; o*

«$i$A£ife ®0 ix< *JE&* §&ft$ a^p- ;

..

-. .

'

.

^SE-u vd,- rY^-iisst i"<>j *? YiVi t£atUi *»q b#c*Jfr<

.4.U* 8& til %&?l% %£ &&* ^'• >T-

•

'

..

« a^Xs^Ltd--. $#&%?*$ i> Zm& fc*£i-*£ 1$ *««2 i*¥

&&%%&&$& «74& &<&&? tt&xswM. X»X* «*

.&*£ "-..v5 tMSJ *?’: zzl%-i£ii% o4 sate

'

fa && Ya . .. .

'

- --> : >- : .-

> -StX :.:|. a »X * ^

-:. ; i } .

:

'

| .|

... : .

. • \l - f4 i£

-j£M$t{ Z* 3 .ti."44§MX Xc- » re1 ./ teoq -Ml0 ’-0 X Y Xf#&

»rJt S\L * sf A« w£$M?U

i m&£%0

&

»&£*•A£ OV$? d$2Mm8

.:

. .

-'

8

4.1.3 Procedure.

To simulate actual application, the thicker shingle

strips were applied to the plywood panels wr the thin

strips, When two fasteners were used, they were pieced 3

A

in, strove the line dtftwn threwfh the top of the

and, spaced 3 1b* apart* when a, single nail m$ used it ves

plmmxt 3/4 in. above a line drawn through the top of the

cut*outs,in the center of the shlagl® strip.

All specimens were conditioned at 73*F end 6# BE -for

a period of 4$ hours and tested aMtr those conditions..

In testing* the plywood panels were held rigidly in a

horizontal position. The loose end of the shingle str ip was

gripped in the j&w of a Scott testing mmhim* fin strips

were torn fro® the £metefc»rs by « direct vertical pull ?

with the jaw of the testing machine moving at a rate of 12f

in. per minute.,v.-RJi:.“ -rv-; v • •• • ••* '•'''

'•Xwhe':•<* '*V • • ' *•«-;. J^r-VA'-v. / ->, .VAr^rWv^'..4.'^ Vi.-v ' • fc.v^,v,-,.y/.,:-^-- . .

u.V-v«. •..**%* ’fie.-'- -,v- • »'V •w, - .•,— •..<•*.

4.1.4 Hesuite*

The results | expressed in pounds of fence required

to tear the shingle- strips fro® the fasteners, are given in

Table X.

^ -2% 1, lu

&

r-£ti$ mat tw® fit® 03 k&££q%&

'^-\ iMimXq &%&* '$&$*£

$hm*? mme <h %m.^' <: &: m4 m&*

<*.: 1 ^: %&$ &n & mJU &$t wq4& *uz

- :. -. ......

•Vf:1 Itt ?p-: :,&1 fmrw: <’ ax J£ ftV&fe ,...: . r\/;. 'I'K^X

tifm mU 1% %t- & a *&**?<&

*m% W >;0d fcss# 'nfi

4,

5

X '

' .Lhm&;> mm total awn^i Si

., i

•.

.• tai IM t# f»&lw§: &

.. .

• . *< itaur $$r atf « 3ft

> llm £«9l#4f* .nwX& ft v3 ;*& r^i1

'

&X '%e> &$&';£ & -; -> g«££aa* *f& »>l mU M&v

a-uimSM %&4 »a£

*w*WjU‘r$*i ". ta ®'JWQq £& : mz ir'iqxti &0.X

n* « - «- o ** ramM^- ~~M*& fel^-L. &*&. —-i^mu*c.& ?,**• ^fe&v-> •#;* •'.-.$

;.- u- v

«s4 4ee&»« &m;k ^ w tl

m 1 1

1

.

':I I - i .-,

. 1

1

pt .. i - -

.

«w,ks ¥i&\ m &p$nr&&&

. - i / % . & .

". ..

.. p ..

..

.

mp v k#fi€«I v;€’^ 4 .

•Ch# yk-\?m$ mMiCy^rni . #u.ttrrK:o

$3 Mrd. ..%m'h^tJ. kkl'-&£$4:;- kltiiZt.i* '

:$

mi &* 1 - $&&& 9 a<w.

*<• ar &*4*ptik $£ g&mtt&t&m.ti *&s &t -. fe$& a*

f j m ->

T3:: m4 m f&ifrum

«$*

c »

M

«.£B ?*X* a,ct ;*.ssi &

*V^I §9':»A t.c«

£.££ ©*tx tfeXII ©.Si Owl C

c *«Mt **« a*^< c.<R

0*$£ c .is o.sa

V * fcfifr" O.fX u*y.i >j*y.-

'<«!€ *.£» !.4» if «f£ &,v. t

C*f€ ?«IS vf.ai 0*0&. *±-<% §

U»3£ 0<*«% 0* -l> &*%& 0*S& &s

y*4£ !4vS ;;.-SS >M !t* * ox

•'«. ****«•» ••-» /*< - *!•«*•* **«. . -V -.- >**«*

- 10 -

iMtiaMHH&ii’ * '*-&S£'s

s'r;

me results of the tearing tests indicate that two

staples* however positioned, arc roughly equivalent to one

nail in rttldtoMt to tearing. They also Indicate no «i*-4;.,-

:

r ?y: ••. -.'/'A ..••/

nifleant dtffmoftt in rmstMM to tear with staples

placed parallel, ptarpts&ltittlftv and at an Engle of V§*

.

The kind m tear resulting 4© mam, in figure 1. men

the staples were placed parallel to the U&m line of Urn

shingle* -the shingle strip tore coupletel* frog? the staple,

leaving only a small break the else of the staple crown a©

shown in Bpmimu &. f Figure 1# the kind of tear with the

staples plaeM perptndicuiar wad at m imgl® «f **•$*» ©peci-

<x- -

asm© $ «aft 0, was simil&r.' to mat mmm b# %3m nailed speci-

mm &•

k m a Practicability of the stapling Method I or Applying

Asphalt bhlAgios to 5/1^ -In* Flyweed becks

*

Igs*

Laboratory work to deteraKUifc the praeticability of the;,’J#

stapling method for applying asphalt mingles to 5/16 in.

wood decks, buch work was considered- unnecessary after

Observing mihfles which had been applied to 5/lo in. plywood

decks with no apparent difficulties*

Ja. mm%ml Forest Froduets Laboratory, forest hervice, Lepert-

oent of Agriculture.

The accompanying report, "bireet withdraws! Resistance

of Boetitsh Staples and Standard Shingle Mails

*

M by a* a#

toungquist and §« B. Meek, concludes that, ntm the same

depth of pcaetr&Uon, the staple© had roughly one*third

- 4i -

Mm3 &£$ to «#jfr*»s mfi

*m o# %M&m% m& i»bm&Mjk&®q faroeo*

«•:: Im m «»* %Uvi& m£& \mx m uX ilmi

i-v •;••••' ?&«*$ v? 4-| u&/?sri; *Yij& .• i; ,.7’J ~.t••

r *• ^ bm

sfasfef ,x m&$t% m metis %& ^$$mm *mm ts> M^tc §mt;

mis $$ sate IaJ&#W£ bm&Z% Btm *®Srk£$* s»?u

#s*fca*#8 *s& *ml cX^XtX'ia^r tgi-tfifri ftlgotiffe ^aa aw® «!$*#» «<& le j^ia am# IX&$$ ,? ^luso

t*£ij m£& X&M H:> kdlj «*&• u l |»X- al nh'Siis

~lt>^i | ^6$ •'.$> *j go* |b& $& .toi

&*££*** ««&* v€ X&i!l a# £*v 'rr.« & &&#&

*a ll£>&

^.ru-tX*^ i»l feai&'utf arc# &•**

«&& feV? 0# JX*?#]® •

@4X ‘X© t$£JU&a££a<*^ «dtt aa£ar£Wto& a# Jiw^

*a£ &EV o# aft&i&iiSi ;'X4tfi£$£ wel XmLm bizXiqsit*

stftft tmmmz&mxtt IwMaivas *#w £ve* 4a*ft* *&;%£ ih bom

bec-uq^Q atl -X\X o# &$&&S4e^ taut d&istii %$£$&Ufe aftivtaadti

••^#JttteKlttil» IKS iltJfeK

^Jiiyili^^ .«*X

^•mijoti x&&t©‘s ? >|iw«&ds:i $&m®% i»%

*xsm3£vK±'z%A jo tarn

JN $$&%&&** asft

* O *»1 $£ *?»;'; £ £§jjyj£«Sfci &.5.S v- .&#^©'4 -i*>-

^ *or 4i#*iX3»i«o0- •& #X Snuft

\Xit^t ftMt «ni# |ScoJUA rs#4Ki4q l© lixqsb

o'u 0 y j

L

C

t

n -

leas holding power than the asphalt**type shingle nails

with which comparisons wore made.*

This disparity in direct withdrawal resistance has no

particular significance in the light of the reports oi wind

damage in the field where it was always reported that the

shingle g tore from the fasteners* either nails or staples,

before they were pulled loos#. (On* third-hand report stated

that in on# case where more thmi a square of stapled shingles

vr&a removed frm a single rooX‘ area during a hurricane, the

staples mrt pulled tress the dock, This report was not veri-

fied «

)

The result# of the resistance to tear tests also indi-

cated that both tm$M and staples hum a&equtet* withdrawal

resistance*

5*£ University oi fesMngteh 4eron#ut$.eal Laboratory.

The accmpaiiylng report So* 3o0 *¥1M funnel Tests

of bewrsl Types of Asphalt fchtngles with Various Methoas of

Atbaefeeiejxt,** by d * W* Howell and R* C* Vfoppa, is submitted

eoaftwiiet reluctantly. la do# to the fact that

only one test e&eh of stapled and nailed shingles permits

a direct ttmptriaA of the two methods. ffeeee wore of

fasel# Skis* 10 end 11, descried as Run© 21 arid 22 and ill-

ustrated on pages 23 end 25* If taken e® significant it

would Indicate that stapled shingles would be torn with

wind# of lesser* ferae than the nailed shingles*

«- t A;- '-S «.; V- - ’.’

'irk «. v V V: : .:• Sliv'lj- y •:>:$* • •’.: vV».- ... y

'r

X XvS? 4‘ '

.A^;-tpX*r & 'V StvL §5 fc, •HiHi-»

'

»JR

azlL&n wig m& im<L% aal&Xotf as#X

**0feis® ®*&*r «ao*Jtw$mo pto£x&

mi smtf aaffltftXao's X&\m%&rf#±v $&m±'b aJ !> aiji.i.

tow l© «: -rapt? «£U 1® m&$ £sl &om&JL'Xlal,jtl& %&Jmz>±^ %&q

ad# $$<u limmqrs %%&$£* aisv oiad* M&ia to «k

t<a#JS&&$3 *e «£jU«t tad?X* v *i*b«#«*2 m$ mtfi rs©~- %9J&oUk

mz.j»s l^i toi **8eoX &*££&% m&t tto s«>tad

aoJ^ei&la boXgaia to ..* •«©& $-metw $m at J^ds

to & ipUmb ^«tk. loo* ojfctiia .* m*t\ towm *.*'?

•!w tea 4J5¥ #*t*g«« sXifX *2i®Ofc ?M$ mtl mm(•tot

-ito ©«£a a#«#ar um o. «ato*£««$ m* %* to

ovmJ to *ltm 4#otf Smte Jwtoo

•

X

sewrotoad Ito« itmmto ffi. ht v -Oda*:* 'm tot'tmlaJ $ •<

«#$«§ tmvi: PH *$$ ^iwi« %0tf?ywqm&m to

to fcftirfMI *mlwf Mlv to s©^. i j#v#§ to

gmlsJMm ai. f4M($©V # a .n to; HwH • » * w f#

’to #a»t ad# $# fltfA oi • ,;X4 Jadwaaoa

aJlrosoq a©Izolda toi«a to toqaa* 'to itoa* «toj fcso <£Xa©

to rxaw msMl ow* to to ato^qae* iatok s

-Xil too S& to X£ warfi aa 4XX oos OX *to aX^arl

II inaaitlaaife aa to&# tl •?£ to £5* ac totoa#

d*lw uto mi Ulum «ai**Xda &&£%&& i ®4mllnu hlaw

•aoXtgJU^ fe#Ltjwj «*& aa/15 ao'rot *xa?«a»i. to aiHtXv

* 12 ~

The data are obviously Inadequate for etttabliehing

definite limits tione of wind v&l©eity for cither typo of

fB-StCHCT AAiq .V^'v'"

It is our understating that , on. bh© basis of this

report f the roofing; company for wheat the tests vere mad©

withheld approval of the. stapling method of applying shingles*

Uoth report© cited in this section are confidential

m& should not tm referenced or reproduced.

i. JML

Field etna!let of stapled --rphnlt-shln^l® roofs up to

M years old In nine eight*# and the district of Columbia h&?&

shewn the followings

x* Satisfactory appearance of stapled shingles.

2. Ho serious corrosion of staples*

3* Ho connection between the use of staples mS the

incidence of leeha* s -

:

h* Adequate T®l®nt$m of holding power of staples*

5* Strong ia4arseoHKit of the stapling method by most

builder

s

v roofing contractors and roof mechanics

who had need It. {Only one builder who had used

the method had stopped using it for reasons other

thm n®n~mc®ptm.co by F. E. A.)

6. EeooraX satisfaction of h« owner a with stapled

7* A possible greater tendency to place staples improperly

than nails f though this was not the subject of a

definite statistical study.

i -id m.$ Md arf£

-i© ii bnlw t© aaol j j»a£X KtialUto

•wistftst

;x&J ?&> slfcfcX os&l no |gtl^#a39$£Uf » al 31

wtom -0fii 4&&r to I w«ipo$ ^XXoot f Jwar©*!

.t#iis ftatrSta* i;.- ^4i V* lJX*aXi>>-

£*t :"v.X H>*»« U'lt .U d$Xz iXZu^f-tZ 'c-

*3© mi Scz htemi& bm

j&mLL.^%p W$&»t to bl&Jti

mmt bMmid t* -attS &u» $8&k>;4 ©cdka ax &X© «'£*•«» oX

; 3-iXwoIXol ©&i z?(X-m

-Mq^H to .*1

•*«&£©$& to x&cslw. o>i

£!j& % . gftttgvfra to $& tu*rtffc m£3§mmit © *£

.3,m®l to mmblhiii

^•

Isoar vtf feorfcte &r£? to :K3^rtotsl ^©x-2 : t-X

38© t 3te s^»r&rioo vsitsoT ^zblltsd

§&$!?' dff r> % s©Mi ’i# && w Xfi-C') *11 &33& Sad &$fe~

t©s$$© t&I li a3i#tf $«$©!« i&rt bc^t&'Sv or;:

C*i *'i;

! „X vX a.e..i ;t

&©i$.*tfHa itmmv. ie&f X& ddaoi *3

»ftloot

*1 x*qo$$Bx -• iXsj-.’i.ta ©s.j&j ©# &Xs*£m&.; x .S

* to .j

Q

uotas cdft is?a */!w f%llm smdx

*\tw$ s i*©J£«if«?a ©tffcsJfctafc

~ 13 ~

tmm 1, i, V* 5 and u are positive i'livings of at actual

JTU14 study* without referent to the opinions or other a. Hat

3 could fee based only on reports ©I ofeers and Ims 7 it baaea

on general experience w-ite neHec and atypist shingles*

Sm el' the major fpetioo* cemeraing asphalt shingle js

applied by the stapling method hat been whether the staples

provide adequate wind reeletanae* io resolve this question

pteperiy it la mmm&ry first '-to deline adequate wind

reel&%mm for eephalt

the tarn might be defined as the resistance to v&d»

neceseery to keep the shingles ©a the roof deck* If this

v*re accepted * there would appear to be ao question hut that

nails are superior to staples* am that less wind is required

to renege stapled shingles than rolled Slagles* this must

fee concluded frao the tests at the flr4w*iiy of >*&£hin&t©n*

£r«n the reports from dtony Bmmik Village am from our labor-

atory tearing “tests.

|/ever* that is not * satisfactory definition* because

experience has shown teat* with bote nails and staples*

winds strong enough will tear tee shingles from tee fasteners*

so teat ml User type of fastener used alone could fee considered

adequ&te*

t& have adequate wind reelstame * an asphalt shingle should

fee so applied teat it remains in its natural position at all

times without distortion or fees&teg. Initial distortion is

not a function of either the nail® or staples used to faster.

. igrim m :& ?. ml ?m - zhm e #»*( : *,. **%.:

•

«**£ %p %&$ W toorxtffrt alxll

fc**U>£ #1 f *$*$1 iM 3tsw&? v "3- «tWf#g '-wv

. £m »>fc££oi a* *# am mwi** I*v*»»* - :

»#iptf'451 * Lw$%om a *#& > £• •; *> ' -

3 a- £&$ «&•“ t»; a^>

3$&qM£& wfc- %&d3*mr fflW$ m$ ft# %4. BMli

§J&? ©a: *^msmM .*% ham mtmpaba

&U» *.aLl&b ©* X^xll 4.x ,*£ ^t-^ox-.;

tc-V. o::

^feeuU' -xi ctf? xs iawil'iafci #0 -nm MX

*Ut$ IT ...S-4^4 Xo:*<£ «M<$ ti$ Mi cJ \fem4Mrr

tfarlfr -i/: #s o -.- ix,>vix.0 &&*©w tttifc ^ \-•

«1 fe-ay a^el m4J ms:tu&£%*}; $ a*? •** xlX^t

- -

:

^n :

:

t '

. ....

&#&&$*& f:-: x.i4W|rll xci; it.-; 5£.i;sv>:> $&* mtl &

*• '£&&%. mp mm &.& 4.$&£££% Sfo&yM' \m4 •* *&U mo st

$£tJ. ‘mad x%o$ :'

iStmPPQ f£&l#Z&X*%ph ,'• ;W4 *w -€•*•#

bm *Um &$%S" i&m f *«<& syc^s .-' wy*.

*

*»X 3tff? fffilt Ap£$fX&$fa s4* XX&r sS&mm ia>:v^« ajbmi’w*

aiw&Xatf&fr -si fxsuuo. %mU>* mm to .sqtv Sad? <w

^Xm$» ptf&UM $ti*mt,®& m imm&nlm* tel'^ mm. of

XIm s& mXSkm% i&*iv r&u %$£ at it hsth^ m mb'

tl X$*$ln£ to mZ£*t*?z* tb ^apsdatm *m&$

. *$** l >! x.a &U4JX &tfJt 'zstittU* te « 5ot

It hut rattier of to stlUmm of to nMrigl©, meemlr*g to

correct pJL&eomut ©i Use

Jmy of «*& cobalt shl&gle smy be JU^warloue to the

eUiagl#* Shift 4# mtmmbx•* % to federal housing .4*sisl&~

irail©& 4» to .re^uir^e^i that to tab# ©i; shingles toll

m »pw> ftflMttto m ©toratse mmr#4 in areas tors high

vi**#® are a fcasari

l

t to by the ^jph&Xt tof ins industry bureau

Ift to ra£a»toUon tot to tabs ©I' shingles beMM4M& 4a wiMy area©# CD*

With to Mnhptlift that for toquat# wiM r**i*t*nefc

'

asphalt shingles must be jMwv*&t*& ftm bending* to question

m to totor mils or iftpBt* ftrft used is largely aetoiaie,

since ntitor ^1X1 pevent to btol&gu

fros to foregoing, to following omtlmim# are dreamt

I» 'tot asphalt shingle# applied in ^C'CorbasiC® with to

totrnctlohs of to Boefcibch €ds$ftny» with si* staples per

shinglt Cast Figure 2*) will sort# as well a® fuCUUM s^jagles

it ere&it tore high uln&ft ##• no heuMPd*

2* Stefc winds of high will &mm$® steplml

Stogies more ton &*£!*& ihigigto* if to &»e masher of

fftfttftftgye it need in fttflh @n«i god to tabs am not eewmtod

4ow® also tot six staple# should give approsto^tely to

&mm to tearing ## four nails under thee© ©iroua-

ftmws*

CD# *toinf«ttto#t i$d£<sttm mS stppiUMm of asphalt Hoofingaiiti bM&f Fifth Edition* X9$3t pup 38, Published

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3* "’hat the positioning of ataplas, !*«• whether they

are p^rpefjdicu'lar* parallel or at an ancle in between to the

baas tint of the thingJo# hat no great offtot on the resistance

to tearing of the oMjvle*.

'hose conclusions apply only to erltinal asphalt -shingle

roofs# The utt of the stapler mthod in tvroaflaft wm mm not

a part- of the study*

•"either the esatsate of this report nor the foot that the

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Correct Application of Asphalt Shingles

with BOSTITCH H4 HAMMER and SB7050 %" STAPLES

The number of staples per strip and the

placing of the staples are both important

for maximum holding power. To provide

greatest wind resistance, staples should run

parallel to butts. With three tab square butt

strip shingles, use 6 staples per strip as shown

below. Each staple should penetrate 2

courses of shingles.

FIGUBE 2. 1ISTRUGTI0NS ISSUED WITH STAPLES

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCESinclair Weeks, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDSA. V. Astin, Director

THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards is suggested in the following listing

of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work. In general, each section is engaged in

specialized research, development, and engineering in the field indicated by its title. A brief

description of the activities, and of the resultant reports and publications, appears on the inside

of the back cover of this report.

Electricity and Electronics. Resistance and Reactance. Electron Tubes. Electrical Instru-

ments. Magnetic Measurements. Process Technology. Engineering Electronics. Electronic

Instrumentation. Electrochemistry.

Optics and Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Optical Instruments. Photographic

Technology. Length. Engineering Metrology.

Heat and Power. Temperature Measurements. Thermodynamics. Cryogenic Physics.

Engines and Lubrication. Engine Fuels.

Atomic and Radiation Physics. Spectroscopy. Radiometry. Mass Spectrometry. Solid

State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Nuclear Physics. Radioactivity. X-rays.

Betatron. Nucleonic Instrumentation. Radiological Equipment. AEC Radiation Instruments.

Chemistry. Organic Coatings. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Analytical Chemistry.

Inorganic Chemistry. Electrodeposition. Gas Chemistry. Physical Chemistry. Thermo-

chemistry. Spectrochemistry. Pure Substances.

Mechanics. Sound. Mechanical Instruments. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics.

Mass and Scale. Capacity, Density, and Fluid Meters. Combustion Controls.

Organic and Fibrous Materials. Rubber. Textiles. Paper. Leather. Testing and Specifica-

tions. Polymer Structure. Organic Plastics. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Thermal Metallurgy. Chemical Metallurgy. Mechanical Metallurgy. Corrosion.

Mineral Products. Porcelain and Pottery. Glass. Refractories. Enameled Metals. Con-

creting Materials. Constitution and Microstructure.

Building Technology. Structural Engineering. Fire Protection. Heating and Air Con-

ditioning. Floor, Roof, and Wall Coverings. Codes and Specifications.

Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathe-

matical Physics.

Data Processing Systems. Components and Techniques. Digital Circuitry. Digital Systems.

Analogue Systems.

Cryogenic Engineering. Cryogenic Equipment. Cryogenic Processes. Properties of Materials.

Gas Liquefaction.

Radio Propagation Physics. Upper Atmosphere Research. Ionospheric Research. Regular

Propagation Services.

Radio Propagation Engineering. Frequency Utilization Research. Tropospheric Propagation

Research.

Radio Standards. High Frequency Standards. Microwave Standards.

• Office of Basic Instrumentation • Office of Weights and Measures

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS REPORT

M-291

EVALUATION OF THE BOSTITCH STAPLER METHOD

FOR APPLYING ASPHALT SHINGLES

By

W. C. Cullen

H.R. Snake

For

Underwriting Division

Federal Housing Administration

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS